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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY (IJECET)

International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering & Technology (IJECET), ISSN 0976 6464(Print), ISSN 0976 6472(Online) Volume 3, Issue 3, October- December (2012), IAEME

ISSN 0976 6464(Print) ISSN 0976 6472(Online) Volume 3, Issue 3, October- December (2012), pp. 324-332 IAEME: www.iaeme.com/ijecet.asp Journal Impact Factor (2012): 3.5930 (Calculated by GISI) www.jifactor.com

IJECET
IAEME

THREE PHASE PARAMETER DATA LOGGING AND FAULT DETECTION USING GSM TECHNOLOGY
Sushama S. Kagde (M.E. Student) E & TC Department JNEC, Aurangabad, India 1 sush_sanju@rediffmail.com
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Prof. Deshmukh B. T. (Assistant Professor) E & TC Department JNEC, Aurangabad, India 2 BAPU_DESH@rediffmail.com

ABSTRACT Worlds 90-95% industry works on power. Power is the heart of todays industrial and commercial revolution. It is generated conventionally as well as some natural resources are used in order to fulfil todays power wants. The hydro power stations are the main resources of the electricity and power. Wind power station and solar power generation are some of another source. Bio gas power station may also be there. Still as for as the usage increases, the generation cannot be increased in that proportion. Hence there is always shortage of electricity. Hence we have to manage the usage of electricity in order to minimize the shortages. Hence the voltage, current and power factor are to be monitored. This will help to minimize the power loss due to poor power factor. Keywords- GSM, Power Factor, Microcontroller, ADC, ALP I. INTRODUCTION

In day to day life how much electricity is important is very well known to all. Energy utilization gets increased but generation has some limits. In such conditions it is must to save the energy in any way. Today the use of electricity is increased in a great extent but generation of energy is not in that proportion. So whatever the energy is there we have to save it which was the primary need. Generally saving of energy depends on the power factor. So by improving power factor we can save energy. But how it can be done? So it is accomplished using a circuit which is used to control and improve the power factor. Mainly Power factor describes the relationship between real and apparent power of alternating current (AC) power systems. In an AC power system, current may flow into and back out of a load without delivering any energy. This reactive current gives rise to
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International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering & Technology (IJECET), ISSN 0976 6464(Print), ISSN 0976 6472(Online) Volume 3, Issue 3, October- December (2012), IAEME

apparent power which is larger than the actual power consumed. Power factor is expressed as the ratio of the actual power to the apparent power. A power factor of 1.0, or unity is desirable because it means that all the power delivered to the load is real power and there is no reactive current component to the load. As the reactive current and apparent power increase, power factor is expressed as a smaller decimal. Also the various parameters of the three phase motoring and controlling is also important. But it is not possible to monitor the parameters continuously by human being. So full fill both the requirements the The three phase data logging and fault detection using wireless technology is developed. II. DEVELOPMENT OF SYSTEM

Mainly the system consists of the two parts one is the master station part and other is the slave station part. And the data transfer is done by using the master slave communication protocol. For the fast and efficient data transferring the serial data communication is used. This accomplished by using RS 485 and RS 232 serial interference ICs. The data analysis and processing is done with the help of assembly language programming. For displaying the measured values of the three phase parameters the 7 segment display is used at the both stations. The type of the display is 16*2 character display which is able to show the values of the voltage, current, power factor energy units distributed at master station and consumed energy units at slave stations. According to the difference in the units of master and slave station the message was send to the authorised person.

Figure 2.1: Block Diagram of 3- phase parameter Data Logging using wireless Technology- Master Station

Above figure shows the system developed for the measurement of the parameters of the three phases that is voltage, current and power factor at master station .The system consist of the major functioning blocks which are used to perform the specific functions. Following are the major blocks
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International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering & Technology (IJECET), ISSN 0976 6464(Print), ISSN 0976 6472(Online) Volume 3, Issue 3, October- December (2012), IAEME

1) Potential transformer 2) Current transformer 3) Signal Conditioning 4) Analog to Digital Converter 5) Microcontroller 6) Master-Slave Communication Protocol The potential transformer and current transformer are used to sense the voltage and current of the three phases. The sensed voltage and current are then given to the signal conditioning block at which the main three operations takes place- filtering, amplifying and provides the isolation between the previous and next stage of the system. The output of the signal conditioning is in the analog form for further processing it is necessary to convert the analog signal into digital one. To perform the same function analog to digital converter is used. The digital output is then processed by the microcontroller. At the microcontroller with the help of the assembly language programming the data send to the specific authenticate person on his/her mobile. So at the far distance also we can be able to monitor the parameters of the three phases. It also possible to detect the electricity theft using the same system. The slave station system is also same as per the master station so the same working will be taken place at the master station also. Following figure shows the slave station block diagram. For the data transferring from slave to master RS 485 ModBus Communication is used while at the Master station for the communication RS 232 is used.

Figure 2.1: Block Diagram of 3- phase parameter Data Logging using wireless Technology- Slave Station

III.

COMPLETE BASE UNIT ROUTINE

The assembly programming is used for the base unit functioning. It controls the flow of data from the transducer level to the wireless communication module. The complete Base Unit Flow chart at master and slave station is as follows:

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International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering & Technology (IJECET), ISSN 0976 6464(Print), ISSN 0976 6472(Online) Volume 3, Issue 3, October- December (2012), IAEME

3.1 At master station

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International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering & Technology (IJECET), ISSN 0976 6464(Print), ISSN 0976 6472(Online) Volume 3, Issue 3, October- December (2012), IAEME

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International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering & Technology (IJECET), ISSN 0976 6464(Print), ISSN 0976 6472(Online) Volume 3, Issue 3, October- December (2012), IAEME

3.2 At Slave Station

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International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering & Technology (IJECET), ISSN 0976 6464(Print), ISSN 0976 6472(Online) Volume 3, Issue 3, October- December (2012), IAEME

IV.

SYSTEM PERFORMANCE

Below are some of the possible faulty conditions monitored, analysed and tabularised. A. Case 1 Phase Phase R Phase Y Phase B Table 4.1 Voltage, current and power factor readings. Master energy units Slave energy units SMS status on (kW/hr) (kW/hr) SIM 20 21 22 18 21 22 YES

In the above table, Phase R exceeds the limit of tolerance at the slave end i.e. slave reading is less than master. It indicates that there is some power theft or illegal use of electricity at that phase. Hence SMS status becomes active and is send to a responsible number. B. Case 2 Phase Phase R Phase Y Phase B Table 4.2 Voltage, current and power factor readings. Master energy units Slave energy units SMS status on (kW/hr) (kW/hr) SIM 22 23 24 22 22 24 YES

In the above table, Phase Y exceeds the limit of tolerance at the slave end that is salve reading is 1 unit less than master. It indicates that there is some power theft or illegal use of electricity at that phase. Hence SMS status becomes active and is send to a responsible number. C. Case 3 Phase Phase R Phase Y Phase B Table 4.3 Voltage, current and power factor readings. Master energy units Slave energy units SMS status on (kW/hr) (kW/hr) SIM 19 22 20 19 22 18 YES

In the above table, Phase B exceeds the limit of tolerance at the slave end that is slave reading shows that it has 2 units less than master. It indicates that there is some power theft or illegal use of electricity at that phase. Hence SMS status becomes active and is send to a responsible number.
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International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering & Technology (IJECET), ISSN 0976 6464(Print), ISSN 0976 6472(Online) Volume 3, Issue 3, October- December (2012), IAEME

D. Case 4 Phase Phase R Phase Y Phase B Table 4.4 Voltage, current and power factor readings. Master energy units Slave energy units SMS status on (kW/hr) (kW/hr) SIM 22 21 20 20 17 18 YES YES YES

In the above table, all the three phases exceed the limit of tolerance at the slave end. It indicates that there is some power theft or illegal use of electricity at that phase. Hence SMS status of all the phases become active and is send to a responsible number. E. Case 5 Phase Phase R Phase Y Phase B Table 4.5 Voltage, current and power factor readings. Master energy units Slave energy units SMS status on (kW/hr) (kW/hr) SIM 24 20 20 23 18 20 YES

In the above table, phase R and Y exceed the limit of tolerance at the slave end. It indicates that there is some power theft or illegal use of electricity at that phase. Hence SMS status becomes active and is send to a responsible number. F. Case 6 Phase Phase R Phase Y Phase B Table 4.2 Voltage, current and power factor readings. Master energy units Slave energy units SMS status on (kW/hr) (kW/hr) SIM 22 20 19 22 19 17 YES

In the above table, phase Y and B exceed the limit of tolerance at the slave end. It indicates that there is some power theft or illegal use of electricity at that phase. Hence SMS status becomes active and is send to a responsible number. V. CONCLUSION

Due to the system hardware it is possible to locate the area of illegal use of the electricity. Also Power factor monitoring provision is available which is responsible for energy saving. For collecting the information regarding to the parameters and energy utilization Mod-Bus 485 is used which gives fast and efficient serial communication remotely. The system hardware is user friendly and flexible as per our application requirement. We can increase the number of slave stations connected easily.

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International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering & Technology (IJECET), ISSN 0976 6464(Print), ISSN 0976 6472(Online) Volume 3, Issue 3, October- December (2012), IAEME

REFERENCES Journal Papers: [1] G M Gear, J T Gleaves Versatile automatic data logging and real-time analysis system . [2] V. Konstantakos, Th. Laopoulos Self-Evaluation Configuration for Remote Data Logging Systems, 1-4244-1348- 6/07/$25.00 2007 IEEE. Proceedings Papers: [3] Wen-yun H u a n g , z h e n - z h o n g Wang Application of The Signal Processor In data Process proceedings of ICSP 96-0-7803-2912-0 Books: [4] Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillispie Mazidi, Rolin D. Mckinlay The 8051 Microcontroller and Embedded Systems Second Edition,Prentice Hall, Pp 181-403. [5] Greg Pery, Visual Basic 6 in 21 Days, First Edition, SAMS Techmedia, Pp 96-114, 261-314 .

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