ANSA ANN ALEXANDER ID#6523

INTRODUCTION TO ENGINEERING

TEACHER-IN-CHARGE: MR: KUMAR

S.I. NO 1 2

TOPIC INTRODUCTION VOLTAGE CONTROLLED CIRCUIT VOLTAGE DETERMING CIRCUIT POWER AMPLIFIER CONCLUSION REFERENCES

PG.NO 3 5

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INTRODUCTION

The siren code oscillator is really two projects in one. This functions as an excellent code practice oscillator as well as a siren. A code practice oscillator is an oscillator used with a key and either headphones or a loudspeaker to practice sending and receiving Morse code. Morse code is a type of character encoding that transmits telegraphic information using rhythm. Morse code uses a standardized sequence of short and long elements to represent the letters, numerals, punctuation and special characters of a given message. A siren is a loud noise maker. The original version would yield sounds under water. The first one is an excellent code practice oscillator. Pressing the switch S3; the circuit will produce a tone of unvarying pitch to send Morse code. S3, in turn, could be a regular code-key for serious practice. The second project is a police siren. When switch S1 is closed, pressing S2 results in a steadily

rising tone from the 8 ohm speaker. When S2 is released, the tone descends in pitch. Thus, you control the overall rising and falling pitch of your siren with the closing and opening of switch S2.

The circuit is mainly divided into 3. The three main stages are Voltage Determining Circuit, VCO (Voltage Controlled oscillator) and Power Amplifier.

VOLTAGE CONTROLLED OSCILLATOR

The voltage controlled (VCO) is the heart of our circuit. It is just what its name suggests, an oscillator whose output frequency is controlled by the amount of voltage being applied to its input. As the voltage is reduced, the frequency increases. Conversely, as the voltage applied to the VCO increases, the output frequency is reduced. Therefore, if we want our circuit to work as a code oscillator, producing a tone of unvarying pitch, we have to apply, to the input of the VCO, an unvarying voltage. On the other hand, if we want our circuit to work as a siren, we have to apply, to the input of the VCO, a varying voltage which will produce a output signal of varying frequency pitch).
VOLTAGE DETERMINING CIRCUIT

Another section of the EKI 812-Siren Code Oscillator is the voltage determining circuit. This stage generates the voltage that controls the Clothe circuit works in two different ways depending on what mode (code-oscillator or siren) we select. Code oscillator mode- When the circuit is working as a code oscillator, it produces a tone of unvarying frequency each time the code oscillator switch (S3) is pressed. When the circuit works in code oscillator mode switches S1 and S2 are open. With switch S1open, the negative of the battery does not go to ground and therefore the complete circuit is not working at all. Neither the 555 IC nor the transistor Q1 have the necessary negative potential on their connections go to ground. Siren mode- With switch S1 closed, the circuit works as a siren which produces a steadily rising tone when switch S2 is pressed and a descending tone when

switch S2 is pressed and a descending tone when S2 is released. When we close switch S1, the negative of the battery goes to ground through the contacts of S1 and diode D2.
POWER AMPLIFIER

The last stage of the circuit is the power amplifier, which amplifies the audio signal produced by the VCO, to make it strong enough to activate the speaker. The output of the 555(pin 3) is a square wave. When pin 3 of the 555 goes low (negative) transistor Q1, which is NPN type, is turned off and current does not flow through the speaker. When pin 3 high positive). CONCLUSION The last thing to explain is why diodes D1 and D2 are in the circuit .Diode D1 insolates R3 from going to ground when the 812 is working in the

siren mode. Diode D2 insolates C2 from going to ground when the circuit is working in the CodeOscillator Mode. In this manner R3 and C2 do not affect the circuit when they are not needed it.

REFERENCES www.yahoo.com www.wikipedia.com www.answers.com