NSF Environmental-Power Point

MarineTech 2009-2011
Environmental Issues in Ship Operations and Ship Building
http://www.earthisland.org/csaw/images_web_docs/Crusing_With_%20The_Wizard.jpg
Dr. Alok Verma Lean Institute - ODU
Model Description and Goals

This module offers students an opportunity to: Learn the environmental hazards associated with Shipbuilding , Repair and Ship Operations, and how can these hazards be avoided.
Contents
Introduction Major Sources of Pollution Ballast Water Exhaust Emissions Oil Spills 05 min
15 min 05 min 10 min - Oil Spill Hands-on Activity 35 min Other Pollutants 05 min Safety Issues in Ship Operation 05 min - Hands-on Activity 30 min Safety Issues in Ship Building and Ship repair 05 min - Hands-on Activity 30 min Dr. Alok Verma Lean Institute - ODU Total 2hrs 25 min
Introduction
Spills from oil tankers and chemical tankers
http://sxmprivateeye.com/files/images/Oilspillune13h2005sseenfromcupecoyRuebenThompson-NatureFoundationSXM2.JPG
Introduction
Release of harmful gases like Sulfur dioxide, Nitrogen dioxide, and Carbon dioxide into the atmosphere
http://aycu26.webshots.com/image/30345/2003961410584401375_rs.jpg
Introduction
Ships create noise pollution that disturb natural wildlife Water from ballast tanks can spread harmful algae and other species
http://invasions.si.edu/nbic/images/deballast3.jpg Dr. Alok Verma Lean Institute - ODU
Major Sources of Pollution during Ship Operation

Ballast Water Exhaust Emissions Oil Spills Other Pollutants
Ballast Water
Ships use ballast water to provide stability during a voyage. Water is taken in at one port when cargo is unloaded and usually discharged at another port when the ship is loaded with cargo
http://massbay.mit.edu/resources/pdf/ballast-treat.pdf
Ballast Water
http://graphics2.jsonline.com/graphics/news/img/sep06/epag920.gif
Example of Mid Ocean Exchange of Ballast Water
Figure illustrates how ballast water exchange occurs: Ship leaves a port in the Indian Ocean Travels through the Suez Canal Discharges cargo in the Mediterranean and takes up ballast water prior to crossing the Atlantic Ocean Similarly at the other locations
http://massbay.mit.edu/resources/pdf/ballast-treat.pdf Dr. Alok Verma Lean Institute - ODU
10
Criteria for Selecting a Treatment Method for Ballast Water

Safety of the crew and passengers Effectiveness at removing target organisms Ease of operating treatment equipment Size and expense of treatment equipment Amount of potential damage to the environment
11
Treatment of Ballast Water

Chemicals may be used to treat ballast water and prevent the introduction of non-native species.
Biocide: A chemical such as bleach that kills organisms.

Ozone: Presence is important in our upper atmosphere, where it shields us from harmful ultraviolet rays. It is also used for killing organisms.
12
Heat Treatment of Ballast Water

Flush Tank
1. Sea water is pumped in to flush ballast tanks. 2. The sea water is heated (shown in a darker shade) by freshwater used to cool the ships engines. 3. The heated sea water is pumped into the ballast tanks, killing many of the organisms. 4. The treated ballast water is pumped overboard.
Dr. Alok Verma Lean Institute - http://massbay.mit.edu/resources/pdf/ballast-treat.pdf ODU 13
How Do We Avoid Ballast Tanks ?

University of Michigan researchers are investigating a radical new design for cargo ships that would eliminate ballast tanks, the waterfilled compartments that enable non-native creatures to sneak into the Great Lakes from overseas
14
http://michigantoday.umich.edu/2008/04/ballast.php
15
Ships take on ballast water for stability when they're not carrying cargo. They discharge ballast water when they load freight, expelling tons of water with pathogenic microbes, and fish
16
The ballast-free design allows water to flow into "trunks" inside the ship's hull, and then to pass out through outlets at the stern. Because the water inside the hull is always "local," ships will not transport invasive species along with their ballast water
17
1.
Name any two methods of Water Treatments for Ballast Water 1. _________________________________________________ 2. _________________________________________________ List any two Criteria for Selecting a Water Treatment Method 1. _________________________________________________ 2. _________________________________________________
2.
3.
Will the new innovative design of having trunks to pass the water work? Explain _____________________________________________________
18
1.
Name any two Water Treatment Methods for Ballast Water 1. Chemical Treatment 2. Heat Treatment List any two criteria for selecting a Water Treatment Method 1. Safety of the crew and passengers 2. Effectiveness at removing target organisms 3. Ease of operating treatment equipment 4. Size and expense of treatment equipment 5. Amount of potential damage to the environment
2.
19
Exhaust Emissions
Exhaust emissions from ships are considered to be a significant source of air pollution Nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide are the main emissions
http://lh6.ggpht.com/_CwrHeEf-fRI/RmJGG-_0JeI/AAAAAAAAASk/qSpyBSkSdWM/P5190075-mod.jpg
20
Exhaust Emissions
Sulfur in the air creates acid rain which damages crops and buildings
When inhaled the sulfur is known to cause respiratory problems and even increase the risk of a heart attack
http://static.howstuffworks.com/gif/acid-rain-1a.jpg
21
Effect of Acid Rain

Trees burnt by acid rain
http://www.supergreenme.com/go-green-environment-eco:Acid-Rain
22
Global Warming
The greenhouse effect is the rise in temperature that the Earth experiences because certain gases in the atmosphere (water vapor, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, and methane, for example) trap energy from the sun.
Upsala Glacier, Argentina 1928 / 2004
http://www.americaisawesome.com/wp-content/uploads/2007/10/global_warming.jpg
23
Oil Spills
Oil spills happen when an oil tanker, oil rig or an off shore structure leaks oil into the ocean
http://img.timeinc.net/time/photoessays/2007/skorea_spill/skorea_spill_01.jpg
24
Oil Spills
When an oil spill occurs, the oil forms a millimeter-thick slick that floats on the water
The oil eventually spreads out, thinning as it does, until it becomes a widespread sheen on the water
http://www.kidcyber.com.au/IMAGES/pollution_oil%20spill.jpg
25
How Do We Clean Up Oil Spills

The following are the equipments used for cleaning the oil spill Booms Skimmers Dispersants
Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Cleanup
http://images.encarta.msn.com/xrefmedia/sharemed/targets/images/pho/t054/T054410A.jpg
26
Booms
Booms (or Oil Containment Booms) are floating devices which may have one or more of the following functions in connection with oil spill response on water:
Deflecting oil to prevent oil slick from reaching sensitive areas Containment of oil (for instance for later recovery by a skimmer)
Use of booms to contain the spill

http://www.blueoceantackle.com/web_Ro-Boom04.jpg
27
Skimmers
An oil skimmer is a device which can be used to recover floating oil from (or near) the surface of water. A skimmer may be
free floating side mounted on a vessel built into a vessel held by a crane held by hand
Example of Skimmers which provide a quick response to oil spills

http://www.markleen.com/Catalogo/Imagenes/235DSCN1374.JPG
28
Dispersants
Natural dispersion of an oil slick occurs when waves and other turbulence at the sea surface cause all or part of the slick to break up into droplets and enter into the water column. The addition of dispersants is intended to accelerate this natural process.
29
Hands-on Activity - 1 Oil Spill Cleanup
30
Instructions
1
Wear safety gloves before starting the experiment
Prepare the boom to contain the oil before it spreads
Contain the oil Spill using the boom you Complete the hand out given to you and prepared and use different materials given discuss your results with the other groups to clean up the oil Dr. Alok Verma Lean Institute - ODU
31
Other Pollutants
Black water is sewage, waste water from toilets and medical facilities, which can contain harmful bacteria, pathogens, and viruses
Gray water is wastewater from the sinks, showers, laundry, and cleaning activities aboard a ship
Solid waste generated on a ship includes glass, paper, cardboard, aluminum and steel cans, and plastics
Dr. Alok Verma Lean Institute - ODU 32
BREAK
5 minutes
Safety Issues During Ship Operation
Having the proper safety equipment on board is very important

Safety Symbols Found on Ships

Fire Extinguisher : used to put out fire Lifebuoy: is a life saving buoy designed to be thrown to a person in the water Child Life Jacket : to keep afloat with his or her face above the water surface when in or on water
First Aid kit
Noisy machinery and require hearing protection gear Survival craft portable radio and rescue boat
Caution sign placed in areas where the risk of electrical shock is dangerously high. Dr. Alok Verma
Embarkation Ladder
Lean Institute - ODU
35
Safety Symbols Found on Cargo Ships
Radioactive Cargo
Poisonous Cargo
Biohazard Cargo
Flammable Cargo
36
Hands-on Activity 2 Safety Issues in Ship Operation
37
38
Instructions
The game should be played in groups of 5 If you land on a safety symbol, read aloud what the symbol indicates to your group and follow the instructions given. The team which reaches the life boat first wins.
39
Identify the Safety Issues in Ship Operation

BREAK
5 minutes
Safety Issues in Ship Building and Ship Repair
http://www.ship-technology.com/contractor_images/wetering/1-wetering.jpg
42
Hazards in Shipbuilding and Ship Repair

The processes listed below include many of the major activities that occur during shipbuilding and ship repair. Each of the process provides a description of the process and associated hazards Dry Docking and Launching Fabricating and Repairing Large Structural Components Handling Large Materials OSHA (Occupational Safety Outfitting (also called "fitting out") and Health Administration) Painting Surface Preparation and Descaling
http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/shipbuildingrepair/hazards.html
43
Dry Docking and Launching

In dry docking, a ship is removed from the water to enable work to be performed on the exterior part of the ship below the waterline. Ships are constructed on dry docks. In launching, the new or repaired ship is either floated in place or slid from its berth.
http://www.liverpoolpictorial.co.uk/birkenhead/images/drydock.jpg Dr. Alok Verma Lean Institute - ODU 44
Dry Docking and Launching

Injuries associated with overturning ship during dry docking and launching operations can be avoided by the following Safety Equipments
keel blocks
http://www.royalnavy.mod.uk/upload/img_400/HMS_Middleton_Dry_Dock.jpg
45
Safety Equipment to Avoid Hazards
Helmet
Hand Gloves
Apron Safety Shoes Safety Harness

Fabricating and Repairing Large Structural Components

Structural steel plates or aluminum plates are fabricated and assembled to form the ship Equipment Required: 1. Sheet Metal Equipment 2. Welding Equipment 3. Cutting Equipment
Identify which safety equipments are needed for each of these processes
47
Safety Harness
Hand Gloves
Safety Shoes
Apron Fire Extinguisher Welding Head Shield Respiratory Mask

48 Dr. Alok Verma Lean Institute - ODU
Handling Large Equipments

This process includes moving large steel plates, erection units, diesel engines, etc.
Large cranes are used to move large erection units (fabricated sections of a ship).
49

Injuries associated with moving construction equipment (cranes, derricks, hoists, etc.) and Injuries caused by objects falling from carrying devices can be avoided by the use of these equipments
Safety Harness
Apron Hand Gloves Helmet with eye and Safety Shoes ear protection Dr. Alok Verma Lean Institute - ODU
50
Outfitting
Ship or erection units are outfitted with support equipment, such as plumbing, electrical installations, etc.
http://www.eleggtricks.com/H49m_2G-cab%202_3.jpg
51
Safety Shoes Apron Hand Gloves
Hearing loss from noise and Eye injuries from metal chips and rust can be avoided by the use of the Helmet
Life Jacket Helmet with eye and ear protection
Lifebuoy
Safety Harness
Drowning, injuries from falls can be avoided by the use of safety harness and lifejacket and life buoy can be used to save people from Dr. Alok Verma Lean Institute - ODU 52 drowning
Painting
Ship-board painting is often performed in confined spaces and tanks, thereby concentrating fumes and particulates.
http://i.treehugger.com/images/2007/10/24/nansulate%20industrial%20paint.jpg
Lead poisoning can occur from inhalation of lead-based paint particles can be avoided by use of respiratory mask
Respiratory Mask
53
Safety Shoes
Safety Harness
Hand Gloves
Helmet with eye and ear protection Fire Extinguisher

Apron
54
Surface Preparation and Descaling

During this process, surfaces of steel ships are prepared for painting Exterior surfaces may be sandblasted, but chipping, using chipping hammers, wire brushes and grinders, powered either pneumatically or electrically, is more common Interior preparation is usually done by hand
http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/shipyard/shiprepair/images/painting/blast_room01.jpg
55

Hearing loss from noise can be avoided by the use of ear protection gear Ear protection
Thermal burns during steam cleaning operations can be avoided by the use of hand gloves, safety shoes and apron
Gloves
Eye injuries from scale and Respiratory damage from abrasive particles and dusts can be avoided by the use of eye protection and respiratory mask
Safety shoes
Apron
Life Jacket
Eye protection and respiratory mask
Lifebuoy
Safety Harness
Drowning, injuries from falls can be avoided by the use of safety harness and lifejacket and life buoy can be used to save people from Dr. Alok Verma Lean Institute - ODU 56 drowning
Hands-on Activity - 3 Safety Issues in Shipbuilding and Ship Repair
57
58
1. Are you left with any safety equipment icons? Why/Why not?
2. Do you think that the remaining safety equipment icons could have been used for any of these six processes? Give reasons.
59
Review
Major sources of pollution. How oil spills are cleaned. Safety issues in ship operations. Safety symbols commonly used Safety issues in ship building and repair.
60
Thank You
For information on this Instructional Module Please contact:
Dr. Alok K. Verma, P.E., CmfgE Ray Ferrari Professor Director-Lean Institute Old Dominion University. Phone (757) 683-3766 Fax (757) 683-5655 Email: averma@odu.edu
61

NSF Environmental-Power Point

Hochgeladen von

Dokumentinformationen

Originalbeschreibung:

Originaltitel

Copyright

Verfügbare Formate

Dieses Dokument teilen

Dokument teilen oder einbetten

Freigabeoptionen

Stufen Sie dieses Dokument als nützlich ein?

Sind diese Inhalte unangemessen?

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

NSF Environmental-Power Point

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

MarineTech 2009-2011

Environmental Issues in Ship Operations and Ship Building

Dr. Alok Verma Lean Institute - ODU

Model Description and Goals

Dr. Alok Verma Lean Institute - ODU

Spills from oil tankers and chemical tankers

Dr. Alok Verma Lean Institute - ODU

Dr. Alok Verma Lean Institute - ODU

http://invasions.si.edu/nbic/images/deballast3.jpg Dr. Alok Verma Lean Institute - ODU

Major Sources of Pollution during Ship Operation

Dr. Alok Verma Lean Institute - ODU

Dr. Alok Verma Lean Institute - ODU

Dr. Alok Verma Lean Institute - ODU

Example of Mid Ocean Exchange of Ballast Water

Criteria for Selecting a Treatment Method for Ballast Water

Dr. Alok Verma Lean Institute - ODU

Treatment of Ballast Water

Biocide: A chemical such as bleach that kills organisms.

Dr. Alok Verma Lean Institute - ODU

Heat Treatment of Ballast Water

How Do We Avoid Ballast Tanks ?

Dr. Alok Verma Lean Institute - ODU

Dr. Alok Verma Lean Institute - ODU

Dr. Alok Verma Lean Institute - ODU

Dr. Alok Verma Lean Institute - ODU

Dr. Alok Verma Lean Institute - ODU

Dr. Alok Verma Lean Institute - ODU

Dr. Alok Verma Lean Institute - ODU

Dr. Alok Verma Lean Institute - ODU

Effect of Acid Rain

Dr. Alok Verma Lean Institute - ODU

Dr. Alok Verma Lean Institute - ODU

Dr. Alok Verma Lean Institute - ODU

Dr. Alok Verma Lean Institute - ODU

How Do We Clean Up Oil Spills

Dr. Alok Verma Lean Institute - ODU

Use of booms to contain the spill

Dr. Alok Verma Lean Institute - ODU

Example of Skimmers which provide a quick response to oil spills

Dr. Alok Verma Lean Institute - ODU

Dr. Alok Verma Lean Institute - ODU

Hands-on Activity - 1 Oil Spill Cleanup

Dr. Alok Verma Lean Institute - ODU

Wear safety gloves before starting the experiment

Prepare the boom to contain the oil before it spreads

Safety Issues During Ship Operation

Having the proper safety equipment on board is very important

Safety Symbols Found on Ships

First Aid kit

Lean Institute - ODU

Safety Symbols Found on Cargo Ships

Dr. Alok Verma Lean Institute - ODU

Hands-on Activity 2 Safety Issues in Ship Operation

Dr. Alok Verma Lean Institute - ODU

Dr. Alok Verma Lean Institute - ODU

Dr. Alok Verma Lean Institute - ODU

Identify the Safety Issues in Ship Operation

Safety Issues in Ship Building and Ship Repair

Dr. Alok Verma Lean Institute - ODU

Hazards in Shipbuilding and Ship Repair

Dr. Alok Verma Lean Institute - ODU

Dry Docking and Launching