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  • Piping Q&A

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    Vijay Kumar
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    To summarize the key parameters required for analyzing changes in length due to temperature: 1. The change in length (ΔL) is directly proportional to the change in temperature (ΔT) and the original length (L2). 2. Stress intensification factor (SIF) is determined through fatigue analysis and implies the stress induced at a point must be multiplied by the SIF value to obtain the actual stress. A SIF of 1.5 means the stress must be multiplied by 1.5. 3. Flexibility in a piping system can be provided through changes in direction using components like pipe bends, expansion loops, and expansion joints.

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    Some question and answers in piping engineering

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    To summarize the key parameters required for analyzing changes in length due to temperature: 1. The change in length (ΔL) is directly proportional to the change in temperature (ΔT) and the original length (L2). 2. Stress intensification factor (SIF) is determined through fatigue analysis and implies the stress induced at a point must be multiplied by the SIF value to obtain the actual stress. A SIF of 1.5 means the stress must be multiplied by 1.5. 3. Flexibility in a piping system can be provided through changes in direction using components like pipe bends, expansion loops, and expansion joints.

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    76 Ansichten3 Seiten

    Piping Q&A

    Hochgeladen von

    Vijay Kumar
    To summarize the key parameters required for analyzing changes in length due to temperature: 1. The change in length (ΔL) is directly proportional to the change in temperature (ΔT) and the original length (L2). 2. Stress intensification factor (SIF) is determined through fatigue analysis and implies the stress induced at a point must be multiplied by the SIF value to obtain the actual stress. A SIF of 1.5 means the stress must be multiplied by 1.5. 3. Flexibility in a piping system can be provided through changes in direction using components like pipe bends, expansion loops, and expansion joints.

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    von 3

    Answers :1.What are all the parameters required to find the change in length due to temperature? ans. L = TL 2.

    . What is the application of WRC 107? To find out the local forces/moments at the nozzle 3. What is meant by SIF? If SIF is 1.5 what does it mean ? STRESS INTENSIFICATION FACTOR .it is determined through fatigue analysis. SIF of 1.5 implies that stress induced at that point is to be multiplied 1.5times and compared with allowable. 4. What is Hoop stress formulae ans.; Pd/2t

    5. How much displacement can be generally allowed in sustain case ? 5mm 6. What are all causes for primary and secondary stresses? For primary: Dead Weight and occasional load For secondary: Thermal expansion 7. 7. What is the standard to check nozzle allowables for (i) Centrifugal pump (ii) Turbine (iii) Centrifugal compressor (iv) Air cooler (i) API 610 (ii) NEMA SM 23 (iii) API 617 (iv) API 661 8. What is the significance of using liberal stress in Caesar ? A conservative formulation of the allowable expansion stress range is calculated from f ( 1.25 Sc + .25 Sh ) When the user requests that the "Liberal Allowable" be used, the difference between Sh and Sl, provided Sh > Sl, will be added to the term inside the parenthesis, i.e. SA(Liberal) = f[ 1.25 Sc + .25 Sh + ( Sh - Sl) ] 8. Difference between constant spring and variable spring

    Answers :9. travel Constant spring : The load of the spring will be constant irrespective of its travel. 10. 25% 11. How to consider the settlement of tank in caeser ? Maximum displacement due to settlement has to be calculated and this displacement is given as input for the pipe connecting the nozzle. 11. How to build the load cases when one pump is standby and other one is running? For running pump : The line temp will be given as normal case. For standby pump : ambient temp will be given upto the isolation valve and average temp will be from the valve to the branch of the running line . 12. How to model column pipe supports in caeser? The support would be from the vessel clips and to be modeled as rigid from the vessel thro connecting node. How much load variations can be generally allowed for variable spring? Variable spring : The load of the spring will be varying with respect to its

    Sample fig:-

    14. Will the coefficient of expansion varies between A106 and A333 Grade 6 ? No 15. What is the formula for expansion stress allowable? Sa = f(1.25Sc+.25Sh) 16 What is Flexibility of the Piping System? Ability to absorb thermal growth of the piping system 17. Where to use stress reduction factor? To find out the stress expansion range with respect to the number of cycles for the systems, the stress reduction factor is used

    Answers :18. What are all the datas required from the vendor drawing for analysis? Equipment diameter,thickness,nozzle size , rating ,thickness, equipment dimensions, temperature, pressure,corrosion allowance,insulation thickness, nozzle allowables, fixed point location and sliding point location etc 19. What is the formulae to calculate sustained stress? Sl = (F axial/ Area) + (Sb2+4St2)1/2 20. Under what circumstance spring will be used? When there are no chances to take the vertical load (especially nearer to nozzle, pump exchanger etc) thro normal supports, spring will be used. Because of vertical lift, the pipe will not rest on the normal support. And hence spring will be used to take the load. 21. How to provide Flexibility in the Piping system ? By change in direction using Pipe bends, Expansion loops, Expansion joints etc

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