ECE 6730: RF Integrated Circuit Design

Spring 2009

Assignment #3 Topics: Smith Charts, Modulation, Architectures Due Date: Feb. 24, 2009

Problem 1: Lee: Chapter 7, Problem 8. (Smith charts can be downloaded from http://www.sss-mag.com/pdf/smithchart.pdf) Problem 2: Consider a binary digital modulation standard which uses the pulse shapes shown in Fig. 1. (a) Show that these waveforms are orthogonal. (b) Suppose that we wish to represent the modulation standard with the basis b b functions 1 (t) = u(t) u(t t2 ) and 2 (t) = u(t t2 ) u(t tb ), so that each bit can be expressed as x(t) = 1 t (t) + 2 2 (t). What are the required values for 1 and 2 ? Draw the signal constellation. (c) An alternate modulation scheme could use (1 , 2 ) = (1, 0) to represent a 0, and (1 , 2 ) = (0, 1) to represent a 1. Add the signal constellation for this scheme to your plot from part (b). Which scheme would you expect to have better BER performance over an AWGN channel?

Figure 1: Pulse shapes for Problem 2, assume the amplitude is 1 in each case. Problem 3: You have been asked to do the frequency planning for a superheterodyne receiver for a system that has channels of 1 MHz bandwidth at a carrier frequency of 400 MHz. Assume high-side injection, and that the Q of the channel select lter (at the IF) is limited to 200. Interferers at the image frequency must be attenuated by at least 29 dB, and the image reject lter (at the RF) has a roll-o of 100 dB/decade. What are the range of IFs that you can choose from while meeting the competing requirements of channel selection and image rejection? For the image reject lter you can assume that the roll-o starts abruptly at 400 MHz. Problem 4: Consider the direct-conversion receiver architecture pictured in Fig. 2. Assume that the LO has an output amplitude of 0.63 V, which couples with an attenuation of 60 dB to the LNA input. 1

ECE 6730: RF Integrated Circuit Design

Spring 2009

(a) If the LNA/mixer combination has a gain of 30 dB, what will be the dc oset produced at the mixer output? (b) If the IF amplier has a gain of 40 dB and the supply voltage is 1.8 V, do you forsee any problems that could result from this?

Figure 2: Direct-conversion receiver for Problem 4. Problem 5: In class we mentioned that direct-conversion receivers for frequency modulated signals must use quadrature mixing for down-conversion. Lets examine why that is the case. Consider a binary FSK modulated waveform that can be expressed as x(t) = a(t)cos(1 t) + b(t)cos(2 t), where a(t) = 1, b(t) = 0 during the symbol period when a 0 is being sent, and vice versa for a 1. (a) Assume demodulation is performed using a standard mixer, with an LO input of xLO = cos(( 1 +2 )t). Find the output of the system (assume high 2 frequency terms are ltered out) and explain what the problem is (if there is one). (b) Now assume demodulation is performed using quadrature mixers, with LO inputs of xLO,I = cos(( 1 +2 )t) and xLO,Q = sin(( 1 +2 )t). Find the 2 2 output of the system (again assume high frequency terms are ltered out) and explain how the data can be recovered.