******IMPORTANT BIOLOGY OBJECTIVES FOR SSC******

Candidate Name: ________________________ Roll No: _______________________________ School Name: ___________________________ Teacher Signature: _______________________ Date: __________________________________ Remarks: _______________________________ Parents Signature : __________________ Standard : _________________________ Group: ___________________________ H.M Signature: ____________________ Total Marks: ______________________ Marks Obtained: __________________

I.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.

FILL IN THE BLANKS :

Amplexusary pads of frog helps in __________________. Curry leaves plants is propagate by __________________. Rate of _______________ decrease when fruits are kept in cold storage. Parthenocarpic fruits are _____________ fruits. The production of R.B.C is called __________________. In housefly _______________ helps in laying fertilized eggs. R.B.C are red due to the presence of ________________ ___________________ is the cause of foolish seedling. From the third month of pregnancy the embryo is called ___________. The two chambers that are above the ventricle in the heart of frog _____________ . Our standing at attention when we hear our National Anthem is ____________________. Fruits can be ripened early by keeping them at room temperature _____________. The chamber that is incompletely divided in the heart of reptiles ______________. In normal blood pressure 120/80, the denominator indicator___________________. The fluid that flows outer and middle membranes that covers the _________________ won the noble prize for his work on photosynthesis. The famous Russain scientist who conducted experiments on conditional Deficiency of iron causes ______________. The cranial nerves that controls the heart beat is called _____________ nerve. Neuron gets nutrients from supportive cells called________________.

brain_______________________.

reflexes_______________.

21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45.

During implantation embryo gets attached to the walls of _______________. The cells that plays an important role in clotting of blood Glucogen is secreted when the level of _____________in blood is low. Testis secretes a hormone called __________________. The granules present in the cyton are called __________________. In earthworm haemoglobin is present in ______________ of blood. People with AB blood group are called Universal Recipients The gland that is present in the neck near trachea is __________________. The substances ________ is used in destroying the dicotyledonous weeds. In unicellular animals transport of substances occurs through ______________. The 3n nucleus is formed from the fusion of _________________ with male gamete Administrating blood of one person to another person through the veins The zygote divides by ____________ and increase the number of cells. Unprotected sex means indulging in sexual act without using ______________. The matrix of blood is called ___________. The parts of neuron that transmits information to cyton are _______________. Early ripening of fruits is promoted by _______________. Hormone ________________ helps in the implantation of embryo. Cell division in particular is induced by a hormone known as _____________. During photosynthesis chlorophyll molecule gets ______________________. A single circuit (circulation) heart is found in ___________. In case of emergency when we dont know the blood group of recipient we can give Pulmonary aorta arises from _____________. Milk sugar is called ____________. Chrysanthemum propagates often by means _______________.

____________________________.

because_________________________________.

nucleus inside the embryo sac.(ovule). ____________________.

______ blood group.

* Awake arise & stop not till the goal is reached*

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46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71.

The most common type of asexual reproduction in yeast is _______________. The pumping device in the transport system is ____________. 0.9% sodium chloride (NACL) solution is called ______________. Heart attack is caused by the blocking of __________________________. _______________ is an example of mixed gland. Grana are the stacks of ____________ membrane. Oxidative phosphorylation occurs in __________________. In disease like polio, the cells get destroyed by the virus__________________________. The information about a stimulus is analysed by _______________ of spinal cord. The third whoral of a flower is composed of ____________. The man who first showed that the plants cells can be grown on synthetic media is The decade from 1990-2000 is known as___________________. Nutrients are provided to the cells of brain by _______________________. Sinus venosus is formed by the unite of ______________. Auxins promote root ______________. Microscopic policemen of body are _________________. Substances that undergoes Respiration is called _____________________. AIDS is transmitted by ______________________________________________________. The largest artery in the human body of a man is ______________. In citric acid cycle Acetyl-coA combines with a 4 carbon compound The structure that acts as a lid over glottis is called _______________. Buds in Bryophyllum are known as __________________________. The strength lost by parameocium by a repeated binary fusion is regained by One gram of glucose __________ consists of energy. Mumps is caused by _____________. When rice is polished or repeatedly washed ________________________ is lost.

______________.

______________________.

_______________.

* To tolerate some ones mistake is great but forgive & forgetIt is even greater appreciate work, Not mere ideas *
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72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91. 92. 93. 94. 95. 96. 97. 98.

In papaya fruits ____________ will be more. Blood groups antibodies occur in ________________. The _____________ is the part of spermatozoan that helps in fertilization. Paramyxo-virus causes ____________ disease. Mumps mostly affects______________ glands. A German called _____________ was the originator of first-aid. C shaped cartilaginous rings are present in the _____________ of man. Haemoglobin of blood carries ____________ and _____________. Deficiency of Iodine in food results in the enlargement of __________________. Alveoli are the units of _________. National Institute of Hyderabad has evolved a method of giving massive doses of The entry of disease causing organisms into the body is called ______________. The carbohydrate that is stored in the liver is called ______________. Male gamates are called ______________________. Synthesis of new molecule in a cell requires _______________ or _____________ The energy present in the light rays is called _______________. The important life process in releasing the energy is ____________________. The life process helps in a perpetuation of race is called as ____________________. Green light is _______________ by the chlorophyll. The most important required gas for the photosynthesis is _____________________. The test which tells that carbondioxide is essential for photosynthesis________________. The wave length of light that a human eye can be seen is ________________. The name of the cell present above the conducting tissue of the leaf is The end product formed in the mechanism of photosynthesis The examples for electron acceptors are __________. Photosynthesis involves a series of ___________ and _____________ reaction. The energy in the proton is stored in the biological system ___________.

____________ for preventing night blindness.

________________________. __________,__________,_____________.

* Education is the manifestation of perfection already in man *

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99.

The process used in the preparation of alcohol is ___________________.

100. The end product formed in glycolysis ______________. 101. Conversion of pyruvic acid into ethanol is __________________. 102. In the absence of oxygen yeast cells convert pyruvic acid to___________________. 103. Conversion of glucose into pyruvic acid yields a net gram of _____________________. 104. Addition of higher energy phosphate to ADP is called _____________________. 105. Energy in ATP molecule is stored in ___________________________________. 106. Inner fold of mitochondria are called ______________. 107. Simpliest form of carbohydrate ready to undergo respiration is ______________. 108. ADP + IP are called _________________________. 109. Tissue enclosed between the two epidermal layers is called _________________. 110. Stomata are surrounded by two kidney shaped cells ___________________. 111. Cytochrome is an _____________________. 112. Atmosphere contains _________% of carbondioxide. (co2). 113. Reproduction life process helps in the ___________________ of race. 114. Plants are ________________ organisms. 115. __________________ Part of nerves system controls involuntary actions. 116. ____________ is a tissue formed by the cell from the embryo and mother. 117. The ruptured follicle is called _____________________. 118. ____________ is a universal solvent. 119. Chloride is the major source of _____________ in the body. 120. __________________ is the major cation in the extra cellular fluids of the body. 121. _____________ is prepared by converting unsaturated fatty acids into saturated fatty acids . 122. Fats are solids at _______ oC. 123. ______________ is essential amino acid of infants. 124. The procurement of nutrients is called ______________. 125. Nutrients which are required in large quantities are called __________________. 126. Murraya often propagates by means of ______________. 127. Cutting in the geranium is ________________ cutting. * Successful people do not do different thing, they do the same thing differently*

128. The upper part of the union in grafting is called as ___________. 129. Layering of hard branches is called ________________. 130. Pores called _______________ are present on the sides walls of the cockroach chambers. 131. Deficiency of proteins malnutrition causes a disease called _________________. 132. In the year 1912 ________________ said that milk contains a substance responsible for growth. 133. Vitamins were first discovered by __________. 134. Chemically vitamin K is called ____________________. 135. Chemical name of vitamin A is called _________________. 136. Merozoites are released by the ruptured of _______________________________. 137. _________________ are called closed fractures. 138. Each primary health center covers a population of ____________. 139. ____________________ maintains the equilibrium in the body. 140. ____________ acts as a relay station. 141. The gaps at the regular intervals in the myelin sheath are called ___________________. 142. _______________ process plays an important role in releasing energy stored in different compounds like carbohydrates that are synthesized during photosynthesis. 143. Gametocytes of plasmodium are developed from the stage of ______________ cycle. 144. Gametocytes of plasmodium are in _________________ host. 145. In fishes blood from ______________ of heart goes to gills. 146. Operculum occurs in ________________________. 147. Example for open type of circulatory system is ____________________. 148. Haploid plants are obtained commonly by introducing ______________ in culture media. 149. _______________ maintains osmotic balance inside the body. 150. For encephalitis ______________ organisms are carriers. 151. In simple fractures they will not be __________ at the site of the fracture. 152. During Hibernation a frog respires through ____________. 153. A leaf containing both chlorophyllous and non- chlorophyllous areas is called ___________________.

* Give to the world the best you can & the best will come --- back to you *
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154. The common type of asexual reproduction in yeast is_______________. 155. The floral structures arises on the swollen part of pedicel is known as _______________. 156. Sunlight converts _____________ present in food into the body into Vitamin D. 157. The story of Vitamin dates back to _________ century. 158. Bone deformities occur due to the excess intake of _______________. 159. A person who talks freely has __________________ skills. 160. Adjust to a given situation refers to ______________ skills. 161. Endosperm nucleus forms from the fusion of male nucleus with ___________________. 162. In the frog egg yolk is stored ________________. 163. In the earthworm fertilization occurs in ________________. 164. Carpels are present in __________________. 165. Graffian follicle is present in __________ and releases ___________. 166. The organism that reproduces by conjugation is __________________. 167. In frog and fish _____________ fertilization occurs. 168. Root part is represented in mature embryo by _____________. 169. Croaking sound is produced by _________________. 170. Number of ova released at a time in female human being is _______. 171. Earthworm is a bisexual but self fertilization does not occurs as __________ matures earlier than _________. 172. In mosquito sporozoits are present in _______________ glands. 173. Calciferol is chemically named as __________________. 174. Life span of WBC is_____________ days. 175. The larva of filarial worm is known as __________________. 176. The Vitamin that prevents sterility in males is _________________. 177. Recent studies shown that obesity is ________________ disease. 178. ________________ of brain has centres for regulating body temperature,hunger,thirst and emotions. 179. The structure and functional unit of reflex action is called _________________. 180. Fertilization in housefly is called ______________ fertilization. 181. Sperms live for a period of ___________ hrs.

* Keep your face to the sunshine & you cannot see the shadow *
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182. The largest part in the brain is ________________. 183. Gyri and sulci are present on ____________ cortex . 184. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) spinal cord passes through _________________ and protected by it. 185. The sensory nerve fibre originate from _____________ of spinal cord. 186. Leutinizing hormone is secreted by _____________________________. 187. Parthenocarpy is induced by the spray of ______________________. 188. Water loss from plant is prevented by the hormone is________________ . 189. Ducts are absent in _____________ glands. 190. The hormone that helps in the formation of placenta __________________. 191. Oxytocin, Vasopressin are secreted by _____________________. 192. Excess production parathormone results in ____________. 193. Adernal cortex produces ____________ and _______________ hormone. 194. The heart that pumps the blood to the lungs is ___________________ heart. 195. The _______________ in man receives deoxygenated blood from various part of the body except ____________. 196. The number of heart in megascolex is __________. 197. Heart beat consists of one _________ and one ___________. 198. The scientific name for wind pipe of man is _____________. 199. In women ________ plays an important role in the respiratory movement. 200. __________ surrounded and protects the lungs. 201. Hibernation means ___________ sleep. 202. If the skin of frog dries up it __________. 203. The photosynthesis is an ____________ process and Respiration is __________ process. 204. The rate of respiration per minute in new born child ______________. 205. The heart of the cockroach is present in ____________________. 206. In man nasal cavity and oral cavity are separated by ______________. 207. In cockroach stigmata are associated with ________________________. 208. Respiration in amoeba occurs by _________________. 209. The temperature at which the rate of respiration is maximum is called_______________.

* The Biggest Hurdle To Success Is The Fear Of Failure *

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210. At very low and high temperature the enzymes becomes _____________. 211. Respiration in the absence of oxygen by micro-organisms________________________. 212. Fermentation produces ______________ and ______________________. 213. The organ in the body that has aesthetic sense to appreciate poetryetc is ___________. 214. Responding to the change in environment in an organism is termed as ______________. 215. The smallest of WBC are _______________. 216. RBC with a nucleus is seen in___________. 217. Blood is _________ connective tissue. 218. The Drug used for filarasis ______________________. 219. The one who can maintain healthy relationship with friends has ________________ skills . 220. The last stage of HIV infection is ________ stage. 221. Seminiferous tubules occurs in _________. 222. Clitellum in megascolex is from ____ to ____ segments. 223. Prostrate glands is connected to the ______________________ in the human being. 224. Amino acids are the units of ______________. 225. The Vitamin which is required for the synthesis of nucleic acid is _____________. 226. Vitamin B3 ( Niacin) deficiency causes____________. 227. Rubella disease is discovered by first scientist __________________. 228. The Vitamin requires for coagulation of blood is _________________________. 229. The type of fractures where bone is broken at several places is ____________________. 230. In the body excess of fat is stored in _________________. 231. Vitamin present in Guava fruit is ____________________________. 232. Foetus is attached to the uterus wall by _____________. 233. The synkaryon of a exconjugants divide by __________ cell division. 234. Glossitis is caused due to the deficiency of ____________________. 235. Deficiency of pantothenic acid results in the _____________________. 236. Beri-Beri is deficiency caused Japanese Sailor who were eating ________________. 237. Disturbance in the normal functioning results in ________________. 238. Balance Diet clean environment and __________________ keeps the body healthy.

* Let noble thoughts come to us from all sides *

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239. Yellow color of urine is due to the presence of _______________ pigment. 240. Hepatitis Virus spread through _________, _________, _________ to the child. 241. Chill, Head ache and sweating are symptoms of_______________. 242. The scientist who study the sequence of changes in the citric acid cycle is _____________________. 243. ___________________________ is the first stable product formed in the photosynthesis. 244. _______________ regulates the exchange of gases and the loss of water vapour from the plant . 245. ______, ________ are the end product of light reactions in the photosynthesis. 246. In bird deoxygenation is sent to the lungs for ______________. 247. ___________ prevents the insects from carrying out cutaneous respiration. 248. Respiration through skin is called _________________________. 249. Hydrolysis of one ATP molecule gives ________________ . 250. Glucose -6-phosphate is converted into other sugar _____________________. 251. The energy of proton is stored in a biological system is called_____________. 252. Bassal part of the ovule where the two integuments arise is known as _______________. 253. The synergids are also known as __________________. 254. The zygote nucleus is also called as ________________. 255. In housefly vas deferens joins to form a single _________________. 256. Inside the testis there are a Number of coiled tubules called_________________ are present. 257. Aldosterone increases the ______________ of water and sodium. 258. With the increase in the Wavelength there is a decrease in energy ______________. 259. The part of flower which are still used after fertilization are __________________. 260. The spawn of frog consists of _____________. 261. Spread of STDs and AIDS is ____________________________. 262. Glycolysis takes place in __________________. 263. Primitive Organism obtained oxygen by a process is called ______________. 264. The coelomic fluid comes out from the body through_________________. 265. _____________ prevents the insects from carrying out Cutaneous Respiration.
* Coming together is a beginning, working together in progress, marching together is Success *

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266. Development of haploid plant was discovered by _________________________. 267. In earthworm, Heamoglobin is present in ________________. 268. No. of stigmata in cockroach are _____________. 269. Respiration is a life ____________ process. 270. The __________________ acts as a chief artery in earthworm. 271. The enzyme that help in ever changing form of virus is _____________________. 272. From the heart, blood moves through the aorta into the ____________. 273. _______________ tubules are the excretory organs in insects. 274. Larynx is called _____________. 275. Spores are formed in a sac like structure called ________________. 276. Full form of NMCP__________________________________________________. 277. The spores formed in sporongia are called _________________. 278. The buds which contribute for growth are called_______________. 279. Rose, Hibiscus is an Example for _____________ Cutting. 280. The ability of the plant cell to give rise to a whole plant is called _________________. 281. The plant often divides to give rise to an unorganized mass of tissue called ___________. 282. Flowers with out pedicel are called as_______________. 283. The inner most fourth whorl of a flower is_______________. 284. The study of pollen grains is called ___________________. 285. After release from follicle the ovum enters ______________________. 286. In layering girding is done around the base of the stem to_________________________. 287. The fusion of male gamates with Secondary nucleus result in the formation of ____________. 288. In the mature embryo radicle gives rise to _______________. 289. The male pronucleus is also called as _______________. 290. In Earth worm sperm mother cells mature sperms in vesicles called _____________. 291. The spermatozoan of earthworm are stored in 3 pairs of sac called ______________. 292. The percentage of pre-school children in our country______________. 293. On the index finger of the fore limbs, pads called __________________ are present in the male frog.
* Let us keep flaming in our heart the fire of progress, the mother good from far can be far from good*

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294. The Urino-gential ducts in frog open in to ________________. 295. On the head of the spermatozoan, there is a small structure called ______________ is present. 296. Groups of sperms are called ___________. 297. In the female frog __________ stores the Ova. 298. The mass of eggs is called ___________. 299. The upper part of the ovum in frog Which is black in color is called______________. 300. The synkaryon of an exconjugants divides by ____________. 301. In magascolex hearts are present________________. 302. The secretion of accessory glands is called ___________. 303. The ovum is formed from the ovarian follicle is called _____________. 304. The discharge of ovum from the ovarian follicle is called ________________. 305. ___________ is a milk sugar. 306. ___________ is a cane sugar. 307. Animal starch is called _____________. 308. Proteins from plant origin are called ____________________________. 309. One gram of fat gives ________ k.cal of energy. 310. Deficiency of both proteins and carbohydrates results in _______________. 311. Meaning of Angaanwadi workers is ___________________. 312. Deficiency of B12 Vitamin results in _____________________. 313. Deficiency of Vitamin C causes _____________. 314. Pantothenic acid is a _________ soluble Vitamin. 315. The blood vessels that distribute blood in earthworm___________________________. 316. Immune system plays a major role in development of _____________ to a disease. 317. Filariasis is caused by a Nematoda _____________________. 318. The membrane that cover the lungs are_________________________. 319. Common cold and chicken pox are spread by_______________________ . 320. Encephalitis is caused by _____________ (Viruses transmitted by Arthropods). 321. Measles is otherwise called as _______________. 322. 2, 4 D is used to ______________________ weeds.

* Dream big, big dreams results in big actions *

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323. For cytokinin to induce cell division _________ are to be present. 324. _________ Spray can be prevent premature fruit drop off. 325. Proposal of plant growth substances was first put forward by ______________. 326. Name of the layer which is separates leaves and fruits from the plant is _______________. 327. High concentration of auxin wills induce________________ formation. 328. Auxins promote cell division is ________________. 329. Gibberellin was first isolated from the culture of a fungus Known as ____________________. 330. Neurons have lost the capacity to ______________. 331. Nerves are the bundles of several ______________. 332. The substance that appears as H in an T. S of spinal cord is ____________. 333. The inner most membrane that covers brain _____________. 334. Reflex arc controls the _________________. 335. In a reflex action the sensory nerves carry information to ______________ in spinal cord. 336. Parts of the brain below cerebral Hemisphere are together Known as _____________. 337. The white matter in the cerebrum is due to __________________. 338. _________ Volts of electrical potential is generated by the Neuron. 339. ____________ Hormone stimulates milk flow after child birth. 340. _______________ as the energy producing centres in the cell. 341. In cockroach muscles that helps in the sending the blood into the heart _____________. 342. The first phase (stage) in glucose oxidation is __________________. 343. _______________ Cells are destroyed in AIDS disease. 344. During photosynthesis the chlorophyll molecule gets_______________. 345. Expand ATP = _____________________________________________. 346. At 200c fat remain ______________. 347. Animal without RBC ______________. 348. Antigens A and B are absent in person belong to blood group ___________. 349. Modern disease which took over 3 millions lives is _________________. 350. The dark pigmented part of the egg of frog is called _______________. 351. Shedding of leaves and fruit is due to hormone _____________________.

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352. NACO stands for __________________________________________________.

*Education has only commas, no full stops arising tide is my- guide, not for falling down but rising up*
WRITTEN AND PREPARED BY : ARMAAN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE Free Lancer Trainer (Lecturer) MOHAMMED. FAYAZUDDIN. M.Sc, ( MicroBiology) Call Me : +91 9866051279. E-mail: fayaz379@yahoo.co.in

* ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE EDUCATION OBJECTIVES *

353. Catalytic converters are used in ____________________. 354. Ocean acts as sink for _____________________. 355. Tri-methyl lead is formed by burning ___________________. 356. The boiling point of gaseous pollutant is below_____________ oC. 357. Oil slick destroys _____________ and ______________ ecosystem. 358. Soil pollution is prevented by _____________________. 359. Salination of soil is due to increase in _________________________. 360. Eutrophication of lakes is caused by__________________________. 361. Tri-methyl lead is formed by __________________. 362. Nitrogen-di-oxide is the _________________ pollutant in air. 363. Tropical level in an ecosystem represents the _____________________. 364. Nitrogenous waste in aquatic animals is ________________ and _____________. 365. Limnology is the study of _____________________. 366. C N G is a mixture of __________________________. 367. Fire wood crisis can be over come by ____________________________. 368. Biogas is produced from organic waste by __________________________________. 369. Maintenance work in the organism is an _________________________ process.

* The golden rule is to dare to do right at any cost *

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370. The instrument used for determining BMR is called _____________________. 371. The rate at which organic matter is stored in the plant parts that can be used by the other Organism is called _________________________________________. 372. The increase in the size of herbivore during growth by the addition of organic matter is known as ____________________________________________. 373. Tropical level is the amount of energy present at each level in the ______________. 374. Fuels of biological origin known as__________________. 375. Land on which fire wood giving tress are grown is called ______________________. 376. Forest grown for the people and by the people are known as ____________________. 377. Petrocrops contains _____________________ which chemically petrol in nature. 378. An alternate source of bio-fuel from sea is produced by algae called ____________________. 379. Give an example of an plant which is an alternate source of petro- crop _______________________. 380. One kilo calories = ___________ Joules. 381. Solar energy is produced by _______________ of _______________ atoms in sun. 382. Natural gas is a mixture of ____________ , _______________ & _______________ . 383. Lubricating oil is produced by ___________________. 384. Coal gas is a mixture of _____________________. 385. Coal formation reduces the _____________________ effect on the earth. 386. LPG Stands for _________________________________________. 387. Petro means ___________ oleum means ____________. 388. Full form of DNES _________________________________________________. 389. Wild life act was passed in the year _____________. 390. Spices contain ___________________. 391. Jhoom type of farming is practiced on _______________ by __________________. 392. The man made causes for soil erosion are _______________________. 393. Loss of top soil is called_______________________. 394. Sand in the beaches of kerala contains ___________________. 395. The salt content in sea water is ____________%.
* Our wisdom comes from our experiences but our experiences comes from our mistakes*

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396. Chloro-fluoro hydro-carbons destroys_____________________. 397. Green house effect is due to _______________ in the air. 398. Ozone is formed from ___________ when it is exposed to __________________. 399. Atmospheric nitrogen is converted into ammonia by ____________________. 400. The major component in the air is _______________________. 401. Hydrological cycle occurs between __________ , __________ & __________________. 402. Soil formation is helped by ____________ of rivers and _____________ during winter. 403. ____________ Water is essential for survival of plants. 404. ________% of total surface on the earth is covered with water. 405. ________ of the earth is covered by water. 406. Forests that grow near the sea water are called ______________________________. 407. The instrument used for measuring rainfall is ______________________. 408. If the sound exceeds ________ decibels our ear drum will be damaged. 409. Oil spills prevent the entry of _________ & __________ into seas. 410. Cellular phones and x-rays produce _____________________. 411. The gas which is responsible for green house effect is ___________. 412. Chloro fluoro hydrocarbons destroy ___________________. 413. Tsunami occurs in _______________. 414. Environment friendly fuel ___________________________________. 415. The groups which are formed for protection of the forest are called_____________________. 416. The process by which compost is produced with the help of earthworms is called ____________________. 417. Chemical color used on holi damages____________ parts of our body. 418. Several marine creatures die of ____________________ due to oil spill. 419. CFC=_________________________________________. 420. The reason for global warming is _____________________ effect. 421. Because of thinning of ozone layer human beings suffers from ___________ diseases. 422. Carbondioxide combines with _____________________in blood. * Politeness is the flower of humanity patience & perseverance overcome mountains*

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423. Thermal pollution occurs due to the release of ______________ into ________into_______________ 424. Electro static precipitate is used for the reduce _______________ matter in factors. 425. Pollution of air is called__________________________. 426. Two types of pollutants are seen in they ___________________ &_________________. 427. _______________ in air causes premature falling of leaves, flowers and fruits and also discoloration of various plant parts. 428. For encephalitis_______________________________ organisms are carriers. 429. Dust particles in the mining cement and asbestos industries enter the lungs and causes several _______________________. 430. Sooth and hydrocarbons liberated from industries are known to cause_____________. 431. Soil is formed by erosion of rocks by ______________&_____________. 432. Another way of soil formation is the _________________________. 433. Ozone gas is present at a height of __________ Kms from the surface of earth. 434. Ozone has the property of absorbing ____________________ light. 435. Ozone present in the upper layers of ____________________________. 436. Ozone absorbs ______________________ present in the _____________ and does not allow it to fall on earth. 437. Carbon is present present in the air in the form of_______________. 438. The CO2 which is present in air dissolves in ______________. 439. Decomposition of dead bodies of animals and plants by bacteria also releases _____________________ into air. 440. Increase in the CO2 content increases the ___________________ effect and increase earth _____________________. 441. __________________________ Compounds convert ozone to oxygen. 442. Protection of species of plants and animals in their natural habitant is called __________________ Protection. 443. The PH value of acid rain water ranges from _________________. 444. An example of renewable resource is _______________. 445. An example of non renewable resource is ___________________.

*Better an open enemy than a false friend *

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446. ________________ resources have capacity to replenish by themselves. 447. Large amounts of fresh water are present in _____________________. 448. The percentage of water in salt lake is ___________. 449. The percentage of oxygen in atmosphere is ______________. 450. The amount of _____________ & ____________ is not constant in air. 451. Which gas was absent in atmosphere when earth was formed__________________. 452. ___________________ first living form on earth. 453. NACL ( Sodium Chloride ) in sea water is _____________. 454. ______________ isotope of hydrogen. 455. The medicine discovered to treat cancer in 1990 is ______________. 456. The medicine discovered after second world war is _____________________. 457. The technique of introducing genes is ____________________________. 458. The name given to tree plantation activities is _____________________. 459. The No. of national park in India is ______________. 460. The No. of sanctuaries in India is ________________. 461. The oil floating on water prevents the entry of _________________. 462. An example for fossil fuel is ____________________. 463. As per the estimation the availability of fossil fuels exhaust in ____________. 464. Lead vapour is _______________________. 465. Natural gas is a mixture of ____________, ____________ & ________________. 466. The percentage of carbon in coke is _______________. 467. Coal formation reduce the __________________ effect on earth. 468. Coal gas is a mixture of _______________, _____________ & _______________. 469. In India the percentage of electricity produced by nuclear reactor is _____________. 470. Primitive man required ________________K.cal energy per day. 471. Percentage of methane in biogas is ______________. 472. A plant contains Petroein products _________________________. 473. Center for Cellular and Microbiology is situated at _________________________. 474. Plants with succulent stems are seen in __________________.

* Do not put off till tomorrow what you can do today*

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475. The animal which maintain constant body temperature irrespective of atmospheric Temperature are called ________________________________. 476. The animal which changes their body temperature with changing temperature of environment are called __________________________________. 477. __________ animals do not have eyes. 478. ___________ is a desert plant. 479. The scientific name , the animal Portuguese man of war is ___________________. 480. An example of pelagic animal is _____________. 481. The organisms which live on the surface water of oceans are called _________________. 482. Oxygen content decreases with ________________ depth of the sea. 483. Saprophytic bacteria are called as _______________ . 484. The gas used for killing bacteria in water is _______________. 485. The gas which causes watering in eyes and throat irritation is _____________________. 486. Eruption of volcanoes is a ______________ cause of pollution. 487. Nitrogen-di-oxide is a _______________ pollutant in air. 488. The biological reaction depending on light is______________________. 489. The ___________________ lamps save power. 490. Auxins are produced at ____________________________. 491. The term Biotechnology was first used by _________________in the Year___________. 492. Diabetes Mellitus Occurs in the_____________________. 493. _________________________Biological environmental friendly gas. 494. Excess fluorine in drinking water Causes ________________________________. 495. ___________________ is the Nitrogen fixing bacteria. 496. Corals are found in _____________________. 497. ________________ is a completely vanished bird. 498. ____________________ acts as a carbon sink. 499. The most ancient among the plants and animals is ___________________. 500. __________ are called the lungs of our urban areas. 501. Ground water, rainfall, moisture and snow form our ____________ environment. 502. ____________ are a huge and ancient water system. * Difficulties will be there but dont take as difficulties but only as challenges *

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503. Andhra Pradesh is called___________________________________. 504. __________ stands first in the fore front in the production of food products. 505. The ______________ worship the forest as their mother. 506. Zoos and Botanical gardens are ______________ protection area. 507. The ground water level can be increased by allowing the rain water falling off the roofs Can be diverted to seep into __________________. 508. National parks and Sanctuaries are ________________ protection areas. 509. Antibiotics are produced from___________________,_____________ &___________. 510. Growing tress along with agriculture in the form is called ____________________. 511. __________ & ____________ are fertile soil. 512. Fluorides damages ___________ & _____________. 513. The audible sounds frequency ranges between _______________ decibels. 514. The radio active rays cause change in ____________. 515. Burning of tyres & plastic material release _____________ & ______________ . 516. Nearly ______ % of the diseases are water borne. 517. Smoke from factory chimney pollutes ___________. 518. Chemical fertilizers pollute _____________. 519. Oils spills destroys _______________ life. 520. Sulphur,Nitrogen Oxides released into the air by factories and vehicle destroys _________________ & ___________________. 521. Today forest cover in India is ________%. 522. The scientist who spoke about green house effect is ____________________________. 523. Ozone layer is in the ______________. 524. The color of the ozone layer is __________________. 525. Acids rain consists of _________________________. 526. The scientist who spoked about acid rain was ____________________ in the year_____. 527. The troposphere is spread upto ______ Kms. 528. Jean Baptists Fourier was _________ scientist. 529. Required forest cover to maintain ecological balance is ________%. 530. When fossil fuel is burnt ____________ is released.

* Every man is architect of his own fate/character *

20

531. Solar energy and tidal energy are example of _________________________________. 532. The main reason for global warming is ___________________________. 533. Because of thinning of ozone layer, human beings suffer from __________ diseases. 534. The other name for CFS is ________________. 535. Tsunami waves travel at a speed of ____________________ Km/hr. 536. ______________ is the top most layer of the atmosphere. 537. Which lamps lasts 10,000 hrs _________________________________. 538. The year of national policy for protection of forest ____________. 539. A new environment policy was drafted in _______________. 540. __________ is a renewable energy. 541. ________________________________ is colourless, odourless and lighter than air. 542. In India ___________ is the only city where vehicles are plying on CNG. 543. A policy declaration was made for the abatement of pollution in the year ___________. 544. _____________ movement was started against the selfish business man who resorted to deforestation. 545. ______________ means having a variety of plants or animals in a particular place. 546. Optimum use of resources to meet our needs is __________________________. 547. __________ said that nature gives us resources to meet our needs, but not our greed. 548. _____________ sinks grassland. 549. Fish contains abundant _________________. 550. ________________ protects us from tsunami. 551. _____________ provides shelter to smaller animals such as worms, snails octopuses..etc 552. ______________ is difficult to make it is to a lump. 553. Alkaline soil mixed with water turns litmus paper to _______& Acidic soil mixed with water 554. The coral reefs turns white because of ________________. 555. The Biofertilizer which gives nourishment to plant that yield pulses is ______________. 556. The Biofertilizer which gives nourishment to plant that yield grain is _______________. 557. The Biofertilizer which provides the required Nitrogen & Phosphorous to the plant is _________________.

* Experience is the mother of wisdom*

21

558. The country where there have no imports of pesticides for past few year is ___________. 559. Name the bacteria Cuba scientist have discovered that eat away the insects & pests is ___________________________ 560. In china these grow and eat away the pests that harm the crops _______________. 561. For firewood we should grow _______________________. 562. Sand & humus together form into _________________ soil. 563. Growing trees on hills and slope prevent______________________. 564. Without_________ the soil moisture cannot be retained. 565. Ploughing back leaves cattle and agricultural wastes into the land is called____________. 566. Mulching will make the land fertile and help to retain its __________________. 567. The rain water that falls on the higher areas like hillocks is channelized towards the neighbouring low lying areas and stored there. This is called______________________. 568. The watershed method increases the ____________________ in the soil. 569. The watershed management is most efficient in places where agriculture depends only on _________________. 570. Water recharge structures should be cleaned before the __________________. 571. Carbon sinks absorb _____________________. 572. The place in the sea that is close to the river is called___________________. 573. Mangroves grow well in ___________ areas. 574. Mangroves can withstand in ____________ water well. 575. _____________ in the west Bengal are the largest mangrove forests in the world. 576. _____________ protect us from the intensity of natural calamities like tsunamis. 577. __________ are the wonderful life forms that grow in the marine water at a depth where the suns heat and light can reach them. 578. Coral reefs are damaged if ______________ are destroyed. 579. _______________ Crops increases the soil fertility and keeps the pests away. 580. ________ Soil has more sand particles and has less capacity to retain water. 581. ________ Soil is easy to make into a lump. 582. Villages near__________ of adilabad district do not use harmful chemical fertilizers. 583. Pesticides are not sprayed on cotton crops in ____________.

*Each mans beliefs is right in his own eyes *

22

584. By putting an end to _________ cultivation we can stop turning forest land into agricultural lands. 585. Plastic burning produces carcinogen like __________________. 586. ______________ is the source of radiation. 587. Fossils speak of our ______________. 588. Burning of rubber tyres produces carcinogens like___________ & ___________. 589. Chemical fertilizers and pesticides used in the fields kill usefull ___________ & destroy the _______________ in the soil that support plants. 590. Oceans maintain _________________ in nature. 591. Sea animals die due to lack of ___________ when there is oil spill. 592. In olden days people celebrated festivals beating drums and blowing trumpets to scare away________________. 593. Noise pollution is __________________but quite harmful. 594. Anything that violates the original character of nature and leads to its degradation is called___________________. 595. ____________ Marine animal is extinct. 596. Floods carry away_______________. 597. When coastal mangroves destroyed natural calamities ___________cause havoc on land. 598. Micro plant species are ________________. 599. __________ is an non renewable energy resource. 600. _____________ is renewable energy resource. 601. Plants turn into a very easy prey for pests if this layer weakens ___________. 602. ___________ are used in refrigerators. 603. Thinning of ozone layer is due to ____________________. 604. Due to this natural calamity several countries in Africa & Southeast Asia suffer from scanty rainfall, drought and famines_________________. 605. Reduction in the availability of coal stock will reduce the production of _____________. 606. Green house gases contain _________% of carbon dioxide. 607. Symbol of ozone is __________. 608. In fire extinguishers ______________ are used.

*Experience is a hard teacher she gives the test first & lesson afterwards*
23

609. Acid rain increases the _____________ in the soil layer. 610. If forests cover ___________ of our land we can get sufficient oxygen to breathe. 611. ___________ oxides are released from vehicles. 612. If ozone layer weakens the ____________ rays of the sun reaches the earth. 613. ________________ thermometer measures the maximum and minimum temperature in a day. 614. Acid rains are of _____________ kinds. 615. Optimum use of resources for our needs is called ________________. 616. Wipe the dust in your house with a _____________ cloth. 617. Extinction of one makes the ______________of the others difficult. 618. Use ________________ to provide urea to the trees. 619. If an ordinary bulb consumes 75 watts, the compact fluorescent lamp consumes ______ Watts. 620. Use ______________ energy wherever possible. 621. Do not use _____________ covers. 622. Never ________ the fallen leaves of trees. 623. _______________________ infused life to chipko movements.

* Forgiveness saves the expense of anger lost of hatred & waste of energy * WARNING: Note1: This Material is Patent. Note2: Copy right @ is strictly prohibited according to the Law. Note3: This Material is Prepared by referring Previous Years Question Papers.

WRITTEN AND PREPARED BY : ARMAAN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE Free Lancer Trainer (Lecturer) MOHAMMED. FAYAZUDDIN. M.Sc, ( MicroBiology) Call Me : +91 9866051279. E-mail: fayaz379@yahoo.co.in

24

II.
1. visible light ( 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. )

CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER :

In the electromagnetic radiation , which of the following has greater wavelength than A. Ultra Voilet rays A.Blood corpuscles A.Ovules A.Heart A.Fallopian tube A.10 0c - 25 0c AIDS is caused by a ( A.Virus Cellulose is a A.Mineral A.Testosterone A.Marasmus A.B A.Calyx & Corolla ( ) B.Protien B.Insulin B.Kwashiorkor B.O C. Fat ) D. Progesterone ) D. Obesity ) D.A ) C. Prolactin C. Scurvy C. AB D. Carbohydrate B. Infrared rays ) C.Blood groups C. Pistil ( ) C.Liver ) C. Vagina ) C. 60 0c -100 0c C. Fungus D. More than 100 0c D. Protozoan D. Ovary D. Kidney D. Protiens in Blood. D. Seeds B.Blood vessels ) B.Androecium B.Brain B.Uterus B.30 0c 40 0c ) B.Bacteria C. Cosmic rays D. X-rays .

Karl Landsteiner discovered ( Carples are present in (

Cerebro spinal cord (CSF) fluid protects Graffian follicles are present in (

Maximum rate of respiration takes place at (

The hormone that helps in the implantation of embryo (

When more than 20 % of the body weight is due to fat the person is suffering from ( Antibody B in plasma of blood is present in person of blood group ( The most essential floral organs required for sexual reproduction ( D. Gynoecium & Androecium Number of ova released at a time in female human being ( A.4 B.3 C. 2

B.Corolla & Androecium C. Gynoecium & Thalamus ) D. 1

13.

* Fear can keep a man out of danger but courage can support him in it *

25

14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28.

Iodine can be used to test the presence of ( A.Glucose A.Monocytes A.4.k.cal A.Starch A. Not inheritable A.Direct contact Conjugation is a type of B.Light B.Androecium B.5.k.cal B.cellulose B. Contagious

) C. CO2 ) D. RBC D. 3.k.cal D. Fats D. Infective . ) D. A vector. D. Binary fission. ) D. Branchial muscles D. 0.85-0.9% ) D. Pepsin ) ( ) D. Pulmonary. ) D. Trachea D. Trachea ) D. ABA ) ) C. Lymphocytes C. 6.k.cal ( C. Glucose ) C. inheritable D. None(Starch)

Which of the following cells are destroyed in AIDS ( The energy released by 1 gram of glucose ( C6H12O6) is ( For oxidation, carbohydrates should be in the form of Recent studies have shown that obesity is (

Source of infection of disease like Tuberculosis, Mumps, and Whooping Cough is ( B.Droplets of salvia C.Carrier organism ( )

A.Asexual reproduction B.Sexual reproduction C. Budding A.Tracheal muscles A.1.85-1.9% A.Haemoglobin B.Cardiac muscles ) C. 2.85-2.9% C. Thyroxine B.11.85-11.91% B.Heparin C.Alary muscles

In cockroach the muscles that help in sending the blood into heart are ( The salt content in the blood is about (

The substance that prevent clotting of blood vessels is ( The energy stored in photosynthesis is obtained from ( Water loss from plants is prevented by a hormone is called A.Gibberellins A.Mitral A.Parathormone A. Blood vessels B.NAA B.Tricuspid B.Thyroxine ) C. Gills B. Mucous gland C. IAA C. Semilunar C. Cortisol The valve present between left auricle and left ventricle is (

A.Sunlight B.Oxidation of glucose C. Break down of protein D. Break down of glucose

The hormone that increase the rate of respiration,metabolism and temperature is ( Respiratory organs in cockroach are (

* He who seeks for peace must look for it within himself *

26

29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38.

The major center to receive, analyze and integrate information in the body ( A.Heart A.2% A.Galvanometer A.Monocyte A.IAA A.02 A.Leech A.Axons A.Epiglottis A. Refract green light light B. Synapse B.3% C.Pituitary ( ) D. 5% ) C. 4% ( ) C. Neutrophil ) D. NAA ) D. Energy C. ABA C. Light ) C. Snail ) D. Gyri ) C. Mylein sheath C. Monocyte D. Brain. The weight of brain in the total weight of the body is about Doctors measure B.P with an instrument called Which of the followingis an Agranulocyte ( B. Basophil

B. Sphygmanometer C.Barometer

D. Thermometer D. Eosinophil

Dicotyledonous weeds are destroyed by a chemical called ( B. 2;4 dichlorophenoxy acetic acid B. CO2 B. Earthworm B. Dendrites B.Sinus venosus ) Which of the following is released during photosynthesis ( Colourless blood occurs in (

D. Cockroach

The surface area of the cerebrum is increased by (

The structure that plays a major role in respiratory movements in man ( Plants are green because they (

D. Diaphragm

B. Absorb green light C. Reflect green light D. Do not absorb UV ) C. Monocyte D. Eosinophyll. C. Lactic acid C.Nervous system ) C. 32 D. 33 D. ABA D. Transport system. )

39. 40. 41. 42.

Smallest of all WBC is ( A.Erythrocyte A.Pyruvic acid Lymphs is a part of ( A.Digestive system A.30

B. Lymphocyte B.Acetic acid ) B.Excretory system B.31

End product of glycolysis is (

The no of pairs of spinal nerves in man are (

* He who is afraid of asking is afraid of learning *

27

43. 44. 45.

In stem cutting a slanting cut is made in the stem ( A.Below the node A.Potato,onion ,carrot A.Early in the morning B.After keeping the plants in dark for 5-6hrs C.After exposing the plant to the light for 2-3hrs D.Anytime during the day B.Above the node ) Biological complete protein from (

) D. Across the node. D. Meat, milk ,egg

C. On the node

B.Apple, egg, wheat C. Rice,meat,butter ( )

Photosynthetic activity in green plants has to tested

46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52.

Operculum occurs in ( A.Bony fishes A.ABA A. Light A.10 A.Respitation A.Light reaction A.Plague and Malaria

) B.Frog B.Gibberellin B. Chlorophyll B.11 B.Digestion B.Plant hormones ( ) C. Cockroach ) D. Cytokinin C. Ethylene ) C. Optimum temperatue. D. Moisture. ( C.12 ( ) D. Reproduction D. Photons. ) C. Excretion C.Carbon fixation ) D. 13 D. Cartilagenous fishes

The hormone that helps in the parthenocarpy ( Respiration take place in the presence of ( The No. of pairs of cranial nerves in man are The micronucleus of parameocium controls

Melvin-Calvin got noble prize for his studies on ( Vechicle borne transmitted disease are D. Eye infection and influenza.

B.Chicken pox and Tetany C. Mumps and common cold ) C. Repitiles ) C. Arachnoid membrane D. Piamater ( ) D. Spinal cord C. Hypothylamus D. Birds

53. 54. 55.

Incompletely divided ventricle occurs in ( A.Fish A.Myelin sheath A.Medulla oblongata B.Frog B.Duramater B.Cerebrum The outer membrane that covers the brain is (

Which part of the nervous system controls involuntary actions

*If we take care of today god will take care of tomorrow *

28

56. 57. 58. 59.

Hepatitis virus destroyed the cell and many cause the disease ( A.Jaundice B.Malaria C. Thypiod In mitochondria the electron transport chain is organized in the ( Islets of langerhans are present in ( A. Kidney A.Single organism B. Liver ) Sexual reproduction involves ( ) C. Trachea

) D. Encephalatis )

A.Elementary particles B.Auxin C. Outer mitochondrial membrane D. Thylakoid D. Pancreas

B.Only mitotic cell division C.Formation of gamates ) C. Pollen mother cell D. Pollen grains ( ) D. Vanaspathi D. Fish ) D. Nerves D. Filament D. 0.04% D. Ameoba C.Milk C. Salamander C. Muscles C. stigma ) ) ) ( ) D. Arachnoid membrane D. Micropyle ) C. 0.03% C. Frog

D. Production of identical off-spring resembling parents. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. In which precise area meiosis take place ( A.Stamen A.Water A.Man A.Veins A.Placenta A.0.01% A.Earthworm B.Anther lobe B.Alcohol ) B.Frog B.Arteries ) B.Ovule B.0.02% B.Hydra

Sir H.G Hopkins discovered a substance required for growth Sinus venosus are absent in (

The structure in the body that act as a wires of telephone ( The tip of the style end in (

The volume of CO2 present in the atmosphere is ( The animal which shows sexual dimorphism is ( The product formed during Photosynthesis is ( The inner most membrane that covers brain is A.Pleura A.Plumule B.Duramater B.Cotyledons

A. C6H12O6 , CO2 , H20 B. C6H12O6 , 02, Protein, C. C6H12O6 , 02 , H20 D. CO2 , H20, 02 C. Piamater C. Radicle

Which of the following is not a part of the embryo (

* Just a little patience the goal is not far away *

29

70. 71. 72. 73. 74.

The process of addition of high energy phosphate to ADP to form ATP is called ( A.Fermentation A.Plumule A.41 A.Malaria B.Phosphorlyation B.Radicle B.42 B.Filiria ) B.Tocoferol,niacin,pantothenic acid D. Thiamine,Ascorbic acid, Biotin C. Respiration ) D. Cotyledons D. 44 ) D. Hepatities ) C. Chalaza C. 43 C. Encephalitis D. Intermediate. Root part is represented in mature embryo by ( The total number of peripheral nerves in man are (

Inflammation of lymph vessels and lymph glands result in a disease known as ( Water soluble Vitamins are (

A. Folic acid ,carotene, pyridoxine C. Riboflavin,cyanocobalamin, calciferol 75. Auxin ( ) B. F.W Went

The scientist who discovered the existence of a growth substance and named it A.Charles Darwin C. Mendal D. Francis Crick

* FAILURE ARE THE STEPPING STONES FOR SUCCESS*

WARNING: Note1: This Material is Patent. Note2: Copy right @ is strictly prohibited according to the Law. Note3: This Material is Prepared by referring Previous Years Question Papers. WRITTEN AND PREPARED BY : ARMAAN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE Free Lancer Trainer (Lecturer) MOHAMMED. FAYAZUDDIN. M.Sc, ( MicroBiology) Call Me : +91 9866051279. E-mail: fayaz379@yahoo.co.in

MATCH THE FOLLOWING:

30

1. Auxins-------------------------------------------------- IAA ( Indole Acetic Acid) 2. Cytokinins---------------------------------------------- Delay aging in plants( Growth Hormone) 3. ABA (Abissic Acid)-----------------------------------Weed killer. 4. F.W Went---------------------------------------------Discovered the Auxins experiments on oats. 5. NAA (Growth Hormone)-----------------------------Naphthalene Acetic acid. 6. Cyton (Neuron)---------------------------------------- Nissil Granules. 7. Murraya (Curry Leaf )-------------------------------- Root Buds. 8. Mucor (Fungi )----------------------------------------- Spores. 9. Haberlandt---------------------------------------------- Tissue culture. 10.Potato---------------------------------------------------- Eyes ( Under Ground Stem). 11.Cocoon-------------------------------------------------- Earthworm. 12.Parameocium (Protozoan) --------------------------- Binary fission , conjugation. 13.Spawn in frog ------------------------------------------ Mass of eggs , MILT. 14.Vitamin D----------------------------------------------- Calciferol. 15.Vitamin B1 (Thamine)--------------------------------- Beri-Beri. 16.Testis-----------------------------------------------------Male Reproductive organs , Sperms. 17.Oestrogen------------------------------------------------Ovary. 18.Progesterone---------------------------------------------Corpus Luteum 19.Vitamine C-----------------------------------------------Ascorbic acid. 20.Vitamin K------------------------------------------------Blood coagulation. 21.Tad pole larva of frog----------------------------------Gills. 22.Cerebellum-----------------------------------------------Controls equilibrium of the body, Brain. 23.Vitamin A------------------------------------------------ Retinol, Eye Retina. 24.Vitamin E-------------------------------------------------Tocoferol., Antisterlity. 25.Gases exchange -----------------------------------------Stomata ( Plants) Alveoli ( Human Beings ) 26.Flurosis--------------------------------------------------- Excess intake of fluorine 27.Balance Diet ----------------------------------- Food having all nutrients in required quantities.

* Life is an endless series of experiment*

28.Malaria----------------------------------------- Plasmodium Vivax .( Protozoan) ,Laveran

31

Plasmodium Malarae, Plasmodium faliparum. 29.Mumps--------------------------------------------------- Myxovirus Parotidits ( RNA). 30.Erythrocytes (RBC)-------------------------------------- Haemoglobin. 31.Fluid connective tissue--------------------------------- Blood. 32.Burial or Brave yard of RBC-------------------------- Spleen. 33.Retinol---------------------------------------------------- Vitamin A. 34.Calciferol------------------------------------------------- Vitamin D. 35.Wuchereria Malayi-------------------------------------- Nematodes. 36.Hepatitis---------------------------------------------------Jaundice. 37.Measles----------------------------------------------------Paramyxo-virus . 38.Esmarch---------------------------------------------------First Aid. 39.Charles Laveran------------------------------------------Plasmodium, Malaria. 40.Release of 02 -------------------------------------------- Photosynthesis ( Hydrilla) 41.Energy liberated by ATP molecule------------------- 7200. K.calories. 42.Alary muscles------------------------------------------- Cockroach. 43.Single Circuit circulation------------------------------- Fish 44.Fish-------------------------------------------------------- Gills, 2 chambered heart. 45.Cockroach------------------------------------------------ Open type of circulatory system. 46.Frog--------------------------------------------------------3 chambered heart, amphibian , Cutaneous respiration. 47.Lizard-------------------------------------------- Reptile incompletely divided 4 chambered heart 48.Rh---------------------------------------------------------- Blood groups. 49.In atmosphere % of co2 -------------------------------- 0.03% 50.Melvin Calvin ------------------------------------------- Dark reaction. 51.Pituitary gland--------------------------------------------Master gland , growth hormone. 52.Thyroid gland-------------------------------------------- Thyroxine. 53.Fight or Flight hormone-------------------------------- Adrenaline gland, Adernal 54.Pituitary---------------------------------------------------Attached underneath to the brain 55.Prolactin------------------------------------------------- Stimulates milk flow ( Mammary Glands)

* Many receive advice only the wise profit by it*

56.Insulin-----------------------------------------------------Diabetes mellitus ( Pancreas )

32

57.Testosterone----------------------------------------------Testis. 58.Retinol-----------------------------------------------------Night blindness,Vitamin A 59.Water plant----------------------------------------------- Hydrilla. 60.Ivan Pavlov----------------------------------------------- Conditional Reflexes 61.Amino acids---------------------------------------------- Isoleucine., Protein. 62.Major cation---------------------------------------------- Sodium Na+ 63.Sun--------------------------------------------------------- Solar Energy. 64.Fungi------------------------------------------------------- Spores 65.Yeast------------------------------------------------------- Budding. 66.Chrysanthesum--------------------------------------------Suckers. 67.Tocoferol---------------------------------------------------Vitamin E , Antisterility. 68.Vitamin D----------------------------------------------- Calciferol, deformation of bone ( Rickets) 69.Vitamin B3--------------------------------------------------Niacin ( Pellagra) 70.Riboflavin-------------------------------------------------- Glossitis. 71.Deficiency of pantothenic acid-------------------------- Burning Feet. 72.Pedicel-------------------------------------------------------Stalk of flower ( flower Stalk ). 73.Thalamus----------------------------------------------------Upper swollen part above pedicle. 74.Androecium--------------------------------------- ( Stamen ) Male reproductive organs (Anther) 75.Gynoecium----------------------------- ( Pistil ) Female reproductive organs ( Ovary, Ovules ) 76.Corolla ------------------------------------------------------ Petals.( White in colour ) 77.Splitting of H2O molecule---------------------------------Photolysis ( Hydrolysis). 78.Quantum ---------------------------------------------------- Light Energy. 79.Starch test--------------------------------------------------- Iodine solution, pale blue. 80.Visible spectrum------------------------------------------- 400-700nm. 81.Epiglottis ---------------------------------------------------- Cartiligenous lid over glottis. 82.Diaphragm -------------------------------------------------- Helps in respiration . 83.Earth worm ------------------------------------------------- 8 pairs of heart. 84.Haemoglobin----------------------------------------------- Carrier molecule of oxygen. 85.Crab--------------------------------------------------------- Blue colour blood.

* Man cannot borrow faith and courage from others*

86.Right auricle ----------------------------------------------- Deoxygenated Blood

33

87.Left auricle------------------------------------------------- Oxygenated Blood. 88.Mitral-------------------------------------------------------- Bicuspid Valve. 89.Systole------------------------------------------------------- Contractive phase. 90.Diastole------------------------------------------------------ Relaxation phase. 91.Universal recipients---------------------------------------- AB blood group. 92.Agglutination ----------------------------------------------- Mixing of compatable blood group. 93.WBC--------------------------------------------------------- Nucleated blood cells. 94.Ethylene ----------------------------------------------------- Ripening of fruits. 95.Auxins promotes-------------------------------------------- Cell division, root initiation. 96.Gibberellins-------------------------------------------------- Elongation of roots and stem. 97.Cytokinins---------------------------------------------------- Delayed of root. 98.Abscissic acid------------------------------------------------ Dormancy in seeds ( Bud ). 99.Excess of growth hormones-------------------------------- Gigantism. 100.Low secretion of vasopressin----------------------------- Diabetes insipidus. 101.Low secretion of Thyroxine-------------------------------Cretinism. 102.Excess of parathormone------------------------------------Tetany. 103.Adernaline----------------------------------------------------Fight and Flight Hormone. 104.Glial cells-----------------------------------------------------Supportive cells. 105.Spinal cord-------------------------------------------------- Telephone Exchange (Relay Station). 106.Dendrites----------------------------------------------------- Projections branche process. 107.Myelin sheath------------------------------------------------ Neuron. 108.Oestrogen----------------------------------------------------- Mammary glands. 109.Cell Body----------------------------------------------------- Perikaryan. 110.Spinal cord----------------------------------------------------Reflex action. 111.Dendrites------------------------------------------------------Carry information to cyton. 112.Bony case----------------------------------------------------- Cranium 113.Pancreases---------------------------------------------------- Mixed gland. 114.Thyroid------------------------------------------------------- Glands close to trachea. 115.Smallest WBC------------------------------------------------Lymphocytes. * If you want success dont think of excuses, if you want excuses dont think of success * 116.Kidney shaped nucleus--------------------------------------Monocytes.

34

117.Microscopic policemen------------------------------------- Neutrophills. 118.Vitamin C ( Ascorbic Acid )------------------------------- Sensitive Vitamin 119.Euglena--------------------------------------------------------Binary fission 120.Biotin---------------------------------------------------------- Fatigue. 121.Colour less part in chloroplast----------------------------- Stroma. 122.Stomata--------------------------------------- Exchange of gases in plants, Surface area of leaf 123.Oxidisied chlorophyll--------------------------------------- Photolysis of H2O .

* ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE MATCH THE FOLLOWING*

124.Bacillus Thruingiensis---------------------------------------------- Cuba. 125. Corals---------------------------------------------------------------- Calcium Carbonates. 126.Oil and Natural Gas---------------------------------------------- Rocky layers of the bottom sea. 127.Protiens--------------------------------------------------------------- Fish meat. 128.Litmus paper turns blue-------------------------------------------- Alkaline soil. 129.CFCS ---------------------------------------------------------------- Jet Planes. 130.Carbondioxide------------------------------- Global warming, industries , Greeen house effect. 131. Coal------------------------------------------------------------------ Electricity. 132. Hydrocarbons------------------------------------------------------ Furnaces that melt metals . 133.Rhizobium---------------------------------------------------------- Pulses. 134.Blue green Algae-------------------------------------------------- Grain. 135.Ex-situ protection------------------------------------------------- Artificial habitat. 136.Biotechnology----------------------------------------------------- Better pulses. 137.Tribals-------------------------------------------------------------- Forest. 138.Watershed----------------------------------------------------------Rain water. 139.Humus ------------------------------------------------------------ Nourishment to plants. 140.Fluoride------------------------------------------------------- Skeleton degradation. 141.Loose Soil------------------------------------------------------Less capacity to retain water. 142.Biopiracy-------------------------------------------------------Stealthy acquisition.

* You cant achieve your goals by dreaming*

143.Dioxins---------------------------------------------------------Carcinogen.

35

144.Oceans----------------------------------------------------------Marine resources. 145.Invisible--------------------------------------------------------Noise pollution. 146.Green house effect--------------------------------------------Fourier. 147.Acid rain-------------------------------------------------------Robert Endurs. 148.Tsunami--------------------------------------------------------Volcano in the sea. 149.Non-renewable energy---------------------------------------Thorium. 150.El-Nino---------------------------------------------------------Scanty rainfall. 151.Fossil fuel------------------------------------------------------Carbondioxide, petrol, Coal. 152.Rainfall---------------------------------------------------------Rainguage. 153.Vehicles--------------------------------------------------------PUC. 154.Chipko----------------------------------------------------------Bahuguna. 155.No pollution---------------------------------------------------C.N.G. 156.Biscuits---------------------------------------------------------ISI. 157.Wet waste------------------------------------------------------Compost.

***SUCCESS HAS MANY FATHERS BUT FAILURES HAVE NONE *** WARNING: Note1: This Material is Patent. Note2: Copy right @ is strictly prohibited according to the Law. Note3: This Material is Prepared by referring Previous Years Question Papers. WRITTEN AND PREPARED BY : ARMAAN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE Free Lancer Trainer (Lecturer) MOHAMMED. FAYAZUDDIN. M.Sc, ( MicroBiology) Call Me : +91 9866051279. E-mail: fayaz379@yahoo.co.in

ANSWER KEY..

36

Fill In The Blanks :

1. Copulation 2. Root buds 3. Respiration 4. Seedless 5. Erythropoiesis 6. Ovipositor 7. Haemoglobin 8. Gibberella fujikuroii 9. Foetus 10. Auricles 11. Conditional reflex 12. 300c-400c 13. Ventricle 14. Diastolic pressure 15. Cerebrospinal fluid 16. Melvin-calvin 17. Ivan pavlou 18. Anaemia 19. Vagus 20. Glial cells 21. Uterus 22. Blood Platelets ( Thrombocytes) 23. Glucose 24. Testosterone 25. Nissil granules 26. Plasma 27. They can receive blood from any blood groups. 28. Thyroid gland 29. 2,4 D 30. Diffusion 31. Secondary Nucleus 32. Blood transfusion 33. Mitosis 34. Condom 35. Plasma 36. Dendrites 37. Ethylene 38. Progesterone 39. Cytokinin 40. Oxidised or excited 41. Fish 42. O blood group 43. Right ventricle 44. Lactose 45. suckers 46. Budding 47. Heart 48. Saline 49. Coronary arteries 50. Pancreas 51. Thylakoid membrane 52. Mitochondria 53. Motor neurons 54. Inter neurons 55. Stamens 56. Haberlandt 57. Decade of brain 58. Cerebrospinal fluid 59. Caval veins 60. Initiation 61. Neutrophills 62. Respiratory substances 63. Human Immuno deficiency ( Direct contact ) 64. Aorta 65. Oxaloacetic acid 66. Epiglottis 67. Leaf buds ( Epiphyllous buds ) 68. Conjugation 69. 4.k.cal 70. Myxovirus paratiditis 71. Vitamin B1 is lost 72. Vitamin A 73. Plasma 74. Acrosome 75. Measles 76. Parotid 77. Esmarch 78. Trachea 79. Oxygen and Co2 80. Thyroid gland 81. Lungs 82. Vitamin A 83. Infection 84. Glucagen 85. Spermatozoa 86. Chemical energy ( ATP ) 87. Quantum 88. Respiration 89. Reproduction 90. Reflected 91. CO2 92. Iodine test 93. 400-700nm 94. Palisade parenchyma 95. Oxygen, water, carbohydrate 96. NAD 97. Oxidation and reduction reaction 98. ATP 99. Fermentation 100. Pyruvic acid 101 Fermentation 102. Ethanol and alcohol 103. 2 ATP molecules 104. Phosphorylation 105. Terminal phosphate or Inorganic phosphate 106. Cristae 107. Glucose 108. Phosphorylation 109. Mesophyll 110. Guards cells 111. Electron acceptor 112. 0.03% 113. Perpetuation of race 114. Autotrophic 115. spinal cord 116. Placenta 117. Corpus luteum 118. Water 119. Salt 120. Sodium ( Natrium ) 121. Vanaspathi 122. 200c 123. Histidine 124. Nutrition 125. Macro nutrients 126. Root buds 127. Soft wood 128. Scion 129. Grafting 130. Dorsal pores 131. Kwashiorkor 132. H.G Hopkins 133. Funk 134. Phylloquinone 135. Retinol 136. RBC ( Erythrocytes ) 137. Simple fractures 138. 1,00000 139. Hind Brain Cerebellum 140. Spinal cord 141. Nodes of ranvier 142. Respiration 143. Erythrocytic cycle 144. Man ( host ) 145. Ventricles 146. Bony fishes ( Telosist) 147. Butterfly 148. Pollen grains149. Sodium 150. Mosquitoes 151. wound 152. skin 153. variated leaf 154. Budding
37

155. Thalamus 156. cholesterol 157. 18 th century 158. Fluorine 159. Communication skills 160. Copying skills 161. secondary nucleus 162. Vegetial pole 163.Cocoon 164. Pistil 165. Ovary, ovum 166. Paramoecium 167. External 168. Radicle 169. Male frog 170. One 171. Testis & Ovaries 172. Salivary glands 173. 12-13 days D 174. Parotid gland 175. Microfiliria 176. Vitamin E 177. Inheritable disease 178. Hypothalamus 179. Reflex arc 180. Internal fertilization 181. 24 to 72hrs 182. Cerebrum 183. Cerebral cortex 184. Vertebral coloumn 185. Dorsal horns of spinal cord 186. Pituitary gland 187. Gibberellins 188. ABA 189. Endocrine glands 190. Progesterone 191. Pituitary glands 192. Tetany 193. Aldosterone & Cortisol 194. Pulmonary heart 195. Right Auricle , Lungs 196. 8 pairs 197. Systole , diastole 198. Trachea 199. Ribs 200. Pleura 201. Winter 202. Dies 203. Anabolic process and catabolic process 204. 32 times per min. 205. Pericardial sinus 206. Palate 207. Respiratory system 208. Diffusion 209. Optimum temperature 210. Inactive 211. Anaerobic respiration 212. Ethyl alcohol or carbondioxide 213. Brain 214. Irritability 215. lymphocytes 216. Camel 217. Fluid 218. Diethyl carbamazine 219. Interpersonal skills 220. AIDS stage 221. Testis 222. 14 to 17 223. Male reproductive system 224. Proteins 225. Folic acid 226. Pellagra 227. Abu Baqr 228. Vitamin K 229. Comminuted fracture 230. Adipose tissue 231. Vitamin C 232. Placenta 233. Mitotic cell division 234. Vitamin B2 235. Burning of feet 236. Polished rice 237. Disease 238. Regular exercise 239. Bilirubin 240. Food, water, milk 241. Malaria 242. Sir Hans Krebs 243. Phosphoglyceric acid 244. Stomata 245. ATP, NADPH 246. Exhilation 247. Cuticle 248. Cutaneous respiration 249. 7200 calories 250. Fructose-6-phosphate 251. ATP 252. Chalaza 253. Helper cells 254. Synkaryon 255. Ejaculatory ducts 256. Seminiferous tubules 257. Reabsorption 258. Per quantum 259. Ovule 260. Ova 261. Very closely linked 262. Cytoplasm 263. Diffusion 264. Dorsal pores 265. Exoskeleton (cuticle) 266. Satish Maheshwari and Shipra Guha 267. Plasma 268. 10 pairs 269. Catabolic 270. Ventral blood vessel 271. Reverse transcriptase 272. Head sinus 273. Malphigian 274. Voice box 275. Sporangium 276. National Malaria Control Programme 277. Conidia 278. Vegetative buds 279. Hard wood Cutting 280. Totipotency 281. Callus 282. Sessile flowers 283. Gynoecium 284. Palynology 285. Fallopian tube 286. Decrease downward movement 287. Endosperm nucleus 288. Root system 289. Migratory pronucleus 290. Seminal vesicles 291. Spermathecae 292. 12%-15% 293. Amplexuusory pads 294. Cloaca 295. Acrosome 303. Primary oocyte 304. Ovulation 305. Lactose 306. Sucrose 307. Glycogen 308. Biologically incomplete proteins 309. 9.45 k.cal 310. Marasmus
38

311. Court yard 312. Pernicious Anaemia 313. Scurvy 314. Water 315. Ventral Blood Vessel 316. Resistance 317. Wuchereria Bancroftii 318. Pleural membrane 319. Droplet infection 320. Arbo viruses 321. Rubella 322. Dicotyledonous 323. Auxins 324. Auxins 325. Charles Darwin 326. Abscission layer 327. Ethylene 328. Vascular cambium 329. Gibberella fujikuroii 330. Cell division 331. Neurons 332. Horns 333. Piamater 334. Reflex action 335. Inter neurons 336. dicephalon 337. Myelinated axons 338. 0.055 volts 339. Prolactin 340. Mitochondria 341. Alary muscles 342. Glycolysis 343. Lymphocytes 344. Oxidised 345. Adenosine Tri Phosphate 346. Solid 347. Earthworm 348. O 349. AIDS 350. Animal pole 351. ABA 352.National Aids Control Organisation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE ANSWER KEY 353. Automobiles 354. oxygen 355. Petrol 356. 200 oC 357. Marine & Shore 358. Recycling waste 359. Salt content 360. Fertilizers 361. Petrol 362. Gaseous 363. Energy level 364. ammonia & urea 365. Fresh water 366. Hydrocarbons 367. Energy plantation 368. Anaerobic fermentation 369. Energy requiring 370. Spirometer 371. Net-primary productivity 372. Secondary productivity 373. Food chain 374. Biofuels 375. Energy plantation 376. Social forestry 377. Hydrocarbons 378. Kelps (or) Brown algae 379. Calatropis procera 380. 4.2 381. Fusion , Hydrogen 382. Methane, Ammonia & Oxygen 383. Residucial oil 384. Hydrocarbons 385. Green house 386. Liquid Petroleum Gas 387. Rock , Oil 388. Department of Non-Conventional Energy Resources 389. 1972 390. Aromatic oil 391. Hill slopes, Tribal people 392. Deforestation 393.Soil erosion 394. Thorium 395. 3.5% 396. Ozone layer 397. CO2 398. Oxygen, sunlight 399. Azoto bacter 400. Nitrogen ( 78 %) 401. Land,sea and atmosphere 402. Flow & freezing 403. Ground 404. 80% 405. 406.Mangroves (Tidal forest ) 407. Rain guage 408. 100 decibels 409. Air , light 410. Radiations 411. CO2 412. Ozone layer 413. Seas 414. Compressed natural gas 415. Vanasamrakshana Samithis 416. Vermi compost 417. Eyes 418. Asphyxiation 419. Chloro-fluoro hydrocarbons 420. Green house 421. Skin 422. Heamoglobin 423. Hot water, water, water bodies 424. Particulate 425. Atmospheric pollution 426. Gaseous pollutant, particulate pollutant 427. Hydrocarbons 428. Pig,cattle,poultry & birds 429. Respiratory problems 430. Cancer 431. Wind, water 432. Cooling of lava 433. 16-23 434. Ultra Violet 435. Atmosphere 436. U.v light , sunlight 437. CO2 438. Water 439. CO2 440. Green house effect , temperature 441. Chloro-fluoro hydrocarbons 442. Wild life 443. 1.5-5.0 444. Water 445. Petroleum 446. Renewable 447. Polar ice caps 448. 1.2% 449. 20.946% 450. Nitrogen, oxygen 451. Oxygen
39

452. Cyanobacteria 453. 2.8% 454. Deuterium 455. Taxol 456. Penicillin 457. Genetic engineering 458. Vanamohotsava 459. 66 460. 368 461. Sunlight 462. Petroleum 463. 100 yrs 464. Highly toxic 465.Methane, ethane & propane 466. 98% 467. Green house 468. Hydrogen, Methane & Carbonmonoxide 469. 5% 470. 2000-4000 471. 50-70% 472. Maliaazadirate 473. Hyderabad 474. Deserts 475. Homeo thermic animals 476. Poikilothermic animals 477. cave 478. Opuntia 479. Physalia 480. Jelly fish 481. Pelagic organisms 482. Increasing 483. Decomposers 484. Chlorine 485. Sulphurdioxide 486. Natural 487. Gaseous 488. Photosynthesis 489. Kerosene 490. Meristem(Root tip region) 491. Karl Ericke, 1919 492. Pancreas 493. Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) 494. Skeleton degradation 495. Azospirillum 496. Seas 497. Dodo 498. Grass land 499. Coral reefs 500. Parks 501. Water 502. Oceans 503. Granery of the south 504. Cuba 505. Tribals 506. Ex-situ 507. Recharge structure 508. In-situ 509. Actinomycetes, Bacteria & Fungus 510. Agroforestry 511. Humus & Soil 512. Teeth & Bones 513. 50-60 514. Genes 515. Dioxin & Furons 516. 60% 517. Air 518. Water 519. Acquatic 520. Monuments & Beautiful buildings. 521. 23% 522. Jean Baptiste Fourier 523. Stratosphere 524. Light blue 525. H2so4 (Sulphuric acid) 526. Robert Endurs , 1872 527. 12kms 528. French 529. 33% 530. CO2 531. Renewable energy sources 532. Green house effect 533. Skin 534. Freons 535. 500-1000 536. Exosphere 537. Compact fluorescent bulb 538. 1985 539. 2004 540. Sun 541. CNG ( Compressed Natural Gas) 542. Delhi 543. 1992 544. Chipco 545. Biodiversity 546. Resources management 547. Gandhi 548. Carbon 549. Proteins 550. Mangroves 551. Coral reefs 552. Loose soil 553. Blue,Red 554. Pollution 555. Rhizobium 556. Azolla 557. Bacillus 558. Cuba 559. Bacillus Thruingiensis 560. Spider 561. Social forestry 562. Fertile 563. Soil erosion 564. Grass 565. Mulching 566. Moisture 567. Watershed management system 568. Moisture 569. Rain water 570. Monsoons 571. Carbondioxide 572. Estuary 573. Delta 574. Salt 575. Sunderban 576. Mangroves 577. Corals 578. Mangroves 579. Alternating 580. Loose 581. Hard 582. Bhainsa 583. China 584. Podu 585. Dioxins 586. Tv screen 587. History 588. Dioxins, furans 589. Bacteria,Micro-nutrients 590. Equilibrium 591. Oxygen 592. Wild animals 593. Invisible 594. Pollution 595. Halibal 596. Fertile soil 597. Tsunamies 598. Phytoplanktons 599. Wood 600. Solar energy 601. Ozone 602. Chlorofluoro carbons 603. Methanes 604. El-Nino 605. Thermal electricity 606. 50 607. 03 608. Halons 609. Acidity 610. 33% 611. Notrogen 612. Ultraviolet 613. Six maximum & minimum 614. Two 615. Resource management 616. Damp 617. Survival 618. Cow dung 619. 18 620. Solar 621. Plastics 622. Burn 623. Sunderlal Bahuguna

40

Choose The Correct Answers:

1. B 2. C 3. C 4. B 5. D 6. B 7. A 8. D 9. D 10. D 11. D 12. D 13. D 14. D 15. C 16. A 17. C 18. C 19. B 20. B 21. C 22. D 23. B 24. A 25. D 26. A 27. B 28. D 29. D 30. A 31. B 32.A 33. B 34. A 35. D 36. D 37. D 38. C 39. B 40. A 41. D 42. B 43. A 44. D 45. C 46. A 47. B 48. C 49. C 50. D 51. C 52. A 53. C 54. B 55. D 56. A 57. A 58. D 59. C 60. C 61. C 62. A 63. D 64. C 65. C 66. C 67. C 68. C 69. D 70. B 71. B 72. C 73. B 74. D 75. BEND...

WARNING: Note1: This Material is Patent. Note2: Copy right @ is strictly prohibited according to the Law. Note3: This Material is Prepared by referring Previous Years Question Papers. WRITTEN AND PREPARED BY : ARMAAN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE Free Lancer Trainer (Lecturer) MOHAMMED. FAYAZUDDIN. M.Sc, ( MicroBiology) Call Me : +91 9866051279. E-mail: fayaz379@yahoo.co.in

..WISH U ALL THE FOR UR ANNUAL EXAMINATON..

ALL CHAPTER WISE IMPORTANT QUESTIONS CAME IN PREVIOUS EXAMINATIONS *

LIFE PROCESS
I.Important Questions came in previous Examinations: ( 4 Marks )
41

1. Write the importance of oxidation and reduction reaction(march 99). 2. What are the differences between RBC and WBC ?(march 99,2004). 3. How do you prove that carbondioxide is essential for photosynthesis ?(oct99,march2000). 4. Write the difference between combustion and respiration.(oct 99). 5. What is the need for transport system in animal body ?(oct 99). 6. Describe the structure and function of mitochondria.? (oct 99,march 2000). 7. What are the differences between right ventricle and left ventricle ? (mar,jun 2000,03) 8. How can you show experimentally that heat is liberated during respiration in germinating seeds ?(march2000). 9. Describe the structure of chloroplast?.(june 2000). 10. What are the differences between internal and external respiration? (june 2000) 11. Explain carbon fixation in photosynthesis. How is carbondioxide converted in to glucose during photosynthesis?(march2001) 12. Describe the different blood groups in man? (march 2000) (OR) Mention the types of blood groups and explain them. 13. Discuss the mechanism by which light energy is converted into chemical energy?.(june 01) 14. With the help of an experiment prove that light is essential for photosynthesis?(march 02) 15. What is hypertension? How is it caused? Mention the preventive steps to be taken? (mar 02) 16. Write briefly about glycolosis. (june 02) 17. How can you show that heat is liberated during respiration ? june 03,mar 01) 18. What are the differences between photosynthesis and respiration? (june 03,04) 19. Explain the process of dark reaction or carbon fixation in photosynthesis? (june 01) 20. Explain the external feature of human heart? (june 04)

II. Important Questions came in previous Examinations: ( 2&1 Marks )

21. A person`s blood pressure is found to be 120/80. What does this indicate? (mar 99) 22. Describe the pharynx of human beings?. (oct 99) 23. What is heart beat ? Explain the different stages of heart beat?. (oct 99) 24. What is serum? (oct 99) 25. Define photosynthesis? Write the overall equation of photosynthesis. (oct99, mar2000) 26. Describe nasal cavities of a man?. (march 2000) 27. Write short notes of agglutination? (march 2000) 28. What are the various functions of ATP in an organism? (june 2000) 29. What is Heparin? what is its uses? (june 2000) 30. Who can donate blood? (june 2000) 31. What is life process ? Write names of some of the important life processes?.(mar 01) 32. What are respiratory substrates ?Give two examples?. (mach 01) 33. What is reaction centre? (march 01)

* Merit or demerit lies in the motive*

34. Write briefly about electro-magnetic radiation?. (june 01) 35. Define glycolysis?. (march 02) 36. Fruits, vegetables and eggs which are preserved in refrigerators will not spoil for a long time. why ? (march 02) 42

37. What is electron acceptor? Give any two examples? (june 02) 38. Write the differences between external and internal respiration?. (june 02) 39. Why there is more pressure in arteries than in veins? (march 03) 40. Write an equation for photosynthesis showing all the requirements and the product formed?.(march 03) 41. Define aerobic and Anaerobic respiration?. (june 03) 43.Write the differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration? (mar.99) 44. Draw and label the structure of mitochondria? (june 2001-04) 45. What is pulmonary Heart? (june.2004) 46. Who is the universal donar? Why?(june.2003) 47. Write the differences between Combustion and respiration? (mar.2004) 48. Why energy is required to synthesize carbohydrates from simple compounds? (mar.2003) 49. How is plasma different from Serum? (mar.2004) 50. What is meant by Autotrophs? (june.2004) 51. What is double circuit circulatory system? (june.2004) 52. Define Erythropoiesis? (june.2004) 53. Write about fermentation? (june.2004) 54. What is oxidative phosphorylation? (mar.99) 55. Write an equation for photosynthesis showing all the requirements and product formed? (mar.99-2001) 56. Name the types of antigen in human blood? (Oct..99) 57. On what factors does basal metabolic rate of an animal depend?(mar.2000) 58. What is Mitral valve? What is it function ?(mar.2000) 59. Which life process is important in releasing energy?(mar.2000) 60. What is reaction center? (june.2000) 61. What is the reagent that can be used to test the presence of starch?( june 2001) 62. Which is called as grave yard of RBC and why? (june 2001) 63. How is trachea prevented from collapsing? (june 2001, Mar. 2003) 64. How does energy production takes place in prokaryotes even though Mitochondria are absent? (mar.2002) 65. Explain the reason that the blood in cockroach does not play a role in the transport of oxygen? (mar.2002) 66. What is the other name for bicuspid valve?(June 2002) 67. What are the factors that are essential for photosynthesis?(june 2003) 68. What is Haematology?(June 2003) 69. What are the end products of light Reaction in photosynthesis? ( Mar.2004) 70. How is blood transfusion is done? (mar.2004) 71. What is blood transfusion? (june 2004) 72. What is meant by palate? ( June 2004) 73. What is Reaction center? ( june 2004) 74. Into which substances excess glucose is converted in the body? (mar.2003)

* Mind is the restless bird the more it gets the more it wants*
75. Which cells of the body are responsible for obesity and why ? (mar.2003) 76. What is the chemical name of Niacin? (June 2003) 77. What is the causative organism of measles? ( June 2003)

43

78. How Tetanus germs are transferred into the body? (mar. 2004) 79. How does obesity occurs in children? (June 2004) 80. What are the features of fluorosis ? ( june 2004)

NUTRITION
I. Important Questions came in previous Examinations: ( 4 Marks )
1. Mention various diseases caused by the deficiency of vitamin A?. (march 99) 2. Mention the reasons fo malnutrition?. (march 99) 3. What measures do you take to control malarial infection? (march 99) 4. What is Elephantiasis? How is it caused? (oct99) 5. What is the importance of water in the body? (oct99) 6. What are the effects of kwashiorkor on children? (mar,june2000 mar01) 7. What are the effects of long term malnutrition on children? (march2000) 8. Describe the life cycle of Malarial parasite in Mosquito?. (march2000) (OR) Describe the changes in malarial parasite that occur in mosquito?. (june02) 9. Write an account on Measles?. (june2000) 10. What are the functions of health care system? (march 02) 11. What are the differences between Kwashiorkor and Marasmus diseases? (june01) 12. Mention the Symptoms of a fracture and What first-aid do you render for facture? (june01) 13. What is fluorosis? How does it effect the body? (march02) 14. What are the food sources of vitamin A,D,E & K? (march 02) 15. In what way calcium helps the body? (june 02) 16. Write brief note on Kwashiorkor? (june02) 17. How proteins and fats are useful to the body? (march03) 18. What first-aid will you render for fractures? (march03) 19. What precautions (care) are to be taken for a patient suffering from Jaundice? (june03) 20. What is first-aid? What are the rules to be followed while giving first-aid? (june03) 21. Give an account of disease Mumps? (june04)

II. Important Questions came in previous Examinations: ( 2 Marks )

22. What are the rules to be followed while giving first-aid? (march99,01) 23. What is Elephantiasis? Mention its uses. (oct99) 24. What is the importance of water in the body? (oct99) 25. What is first-aid? Mention its purpose?. (march2000) 26. Mention the symptoms of fracture?. (june 2000) 27. Which are the vertebrates hosts of Encephalitis? What is it causative virus of this disease? (june2000)

* No man is hero to his valet*

28. Why the skin colour is yellow in jaundice patients? (june01) 29. What are the symptoms of malaria and how can we control the spreading of malaria? (june02) 30. Write an account on Xerophthalmia.? (june01) 31. Define biologically incomplete proteins. Give two examples. (march02)

44

32. What is the loss if rice is polished or repeatedly washed? What is the disease it causes due to that loss? (march02) 33. What happens if rice is polished or repeatedly washed? What happen if such rice is eaten? (june02) 34. Describe the duties of village health guide. (june02.04) 35. What is Iodised Salt? Why is it advisable to take Iodised salt? ( mar.2003). 36. What are the main function of a primary health center? (mar 2003). 37. What are the functions of Iron in the body?( mar.2004) 38. Name the chemical names of Various Vitamin of Vitamin B complex ? (june 2004)

III. Important Questions came in previous Examinations: ( 1 Mark )

39. Which is the only treatment available for obesity? ( mar 99) 40. What is first Aid ? ( oct 99) 41. How do you identify Pellagra? ( oct 99) 42. What is Infection? ( oct 99) 43. What is the chemical name of Vitamin E? ( oct 99) 44. Which is the main cause of obesity? (mar.2000) 45. Write a short notes on Tetany? ( mar.2001) 46. What is fluorosis? ( june 2001) 47. Explain the reason for giving Glucose to a patient? ( mar.2002) 48. What is the disadvantage of consuming excess of Cholestrol.? ( june 2002) 49. Which is the only treatment Available for obesity? ( june 2002) 50. Why does Simple goiter caused? ( june 2003) 51. What is saline? ( mar.2003)

CONTROL AND COORDINATION

I. Important Questions came in previous Examinations: ( 4 Marks )
1. Plants growth substance act together or against each other ? Give suitable examples in support of this statement ? ( mar.99) 2. Write a brief a account on Axon? ( mar.99) 3. Describe the structure of Cerebrum? ( Oct.99) 4. What are the function of spinal cord? ( mar.2000,2003) 5. What is the importance of pituitary gland in the body? Mention the pituitary hormones and their function? ( mar.2000,2001, June 2001) 6. Describe pituitary gland? ( jun 2000) 7. How is the brain in human Beings protected from injury? ( june.2000) 8. Describe the structure of Mitochondria? ( mar.2001)

* Never begin anything without commitment*

9. Write the components of reflex arc and their function? (june 2001) 10. What is the role of Gibberellins in the plant growth and development? ( mar.2002) 11. Pituitary gland is known as the Master gland of the body? Why? ( mar.2002) 12. Write an account of various types of nerves found in human body? ( June.2001)

45

13. Expalin plant growth Substances ? Give examples? ( june2002) 14. What are Auxins? How do they affect Plant growth? ( mar.2003) 15. Describe reflex arc with help of a neat labeled diagram? ( mar.2004) 16. Write a brief account of Adrenal glands? ( mar.2004) 17. Explain the types of nerves present in Humans? ( june.2004)

II. Important Questions came in previous Examinations: ( 2 Marks )

18. Mention the function of Mid Brain? ( mar.99) 19. What are the function / influence of cytokinins? ( oct.99) 20. What are Sulci and Gyri ? What is the important of these structures? ( mar.2000) (or) What are Sulci and Gyri ? What is the advantage of these Structures? ( mar.2001,june 2002) 21. What are Nodes of Ranvier? ( mar.2000) 22. What is Tetany? ( mar.2000) 23. What is the role of Gibberellins in the plant growth and development? ( june.2000) 24. Write the difference between Gibberellins and ABA? ( june.2001) 25. What are auxins? How do they affect plant growth? ( mar.2002) 26. What are the differences between unconditional and conditional reflexes? ( mar.2002) 27. What are the differences between a Dendrite and an Axon? ( june.2002) 28. Where do you find the cerebrospinal fluid ? what are its function? ( mar.2003) 29. What are plant growth substances? Give Examples ? (june.2002) 30. What is Diabetes Mellitus? (june.2003) 31. Define Reflex Arc? ( June.2003) 32. What are the effects of cytokinins in plants? ( mar.2004, june 2004) 33. What is Mixed glands ? Give Examples? ( june.2004)

III. Important Questions came in previous Examinations: ( 1 Marks )

34. Name the membranes that cover the brain? ( mar.99,) 35. What is decade of Brain? (mar.99) 36. Mention how reflex action helps us? (mar.2000) 37. What are Nissil granules? (mar.2000,2001) 38. Why a man shivers during cold weather? (june.2000 ) 39. What is Geotropism? (mar.2001) 40. Which three components of nervous System act as a unit? (mar.2001) 41. Which structure in the body act as a Telephone wires and How? (june 2001) 42. What are Gyri and Sulci ? (June 2000, 2001) 43. Why Diabetes Insipidus is caused? (mar.2002) 44. What happens when a terminal bud is removed? (mar.2002) 45. Endocrine glands are also called Ductless glands? Why? (june.2003)

REPRODUCTION
I. Important Questions came in previous Examinations: ( 4 Marks )

46

46. What is bud? Write about of the importance of bud in vegetative propagation?(mar.99) 47. What is Grafting ? Mention its Uses?(oct.99) 48. What are the different methods of Asexual reproduction in plants? Give an example for each method? (mar.2000. june 2004) 49. Describe Approach Grafting? (june..2000) 50. Describe the process of fertilization? (june.2000) 51. What is menstrual cycle? Explain the phases of menstrual cycle in human female reproductive system? (mar.2001) 52. Describe the reproductive system of house fly? (mar.2001) 53. What are the difference between a spermatazoan and an ovum? (mar.2003, june 2001) 54. Write briefly about the conjugation in Paramoecium? (mar.2002) 55. Describe the formation of embryo sac in plants with the help of diagram? (mar.2002) 56. Give some examples of plants where vegetative propagation is routinely done? (june.2002) 57. Write the application of plant tissue culture? (mar.2003-04) 58. Explain the female reproductive system in human beings? (june.2003) 59. Describe the structure of Human Sperm? (june.2003) 60. Give an account of menstrual cycle in human beings? (mar.2004) 61. Describe the structure of Datura Flower? (mar.2004)

II. Important Questions came in previous Examinations: ( 2 Marks )

62. What is apical dominance? (mar.99) 63. Write the advantages of Vegetative propagation. (mar.99) 64. What is the major difference Between Sexual and Asexual reproduction? (mar.99. jun 2003) 65. What is active Transport? (oct.99) 66. What is vegetative reproduction? (mar.2000) 67. Describe human Sperm? (june.2000) 68. What is Totipotency ? (june.2000) 69. Draw the diagram of human sperm and label it parts? (mar.2000-04) 70. What is corpus leteum and what its function? (mar.2001) 71. Describe the method of fission in Euglena? (mar.2001) 72. Mention the different methods of reproduction? (june.2002) 73. What are the different methods of Grafting? (mar.2002) 74. What is embryo rescue? When is this method followed? (mar.2002) 75. Write the advantages of plant tissue culture? (june.2002) 76. What prevents Self fertilization in Earthworm, even though it is a hermaphrodite ? (june.2002) 77. How fungal spores is dispersed? (mar.2003)

* Never judge a book by its cover*

78. How do you differentiate between animal and vegetal poles of the ovum of a frog? (mar.2003) 79. Write the uses of Grafting? (mar.2004)

III. Important Questions came in previous Examinations: ( 1 Marks )

47

80. What is the function of synergids? (oct.99) 81. How do Amplexusary pads helps the frog? (june.2000) 82. Write the difference between Calyx and corolla ? (june.2000) 83. What is Reproduction? (june.2000) 84. What is Explant? (mar.2001-03) 85. What is meant by ovulation in human beings? (june.2001) 86. How does fragmentation helps the fungi? (mar.2002) 87. What is apical dominance? (june.2002) 88. What is the function of Macro nucleus in paramecium? (june.2002) 89. What do you understand by sexual dimorphism? (mar.2003) 90. What is Totipotency? (june.2003) 91. Define Callus? (mar.2004) 92. When is an organism called as Hermaphrodite? Write an example? (mar.2004)

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE (EDUCATION)

I. Important Questions came in previous Examinations: (1,2& 4 Marks )
93. Describe Hydrological Cycle? 94. What is ground water and how the levels of ground water are maintained? 95. Describe Nitrogen Cycle? 96. What is Ozone? What is its function in the environment? 97. What is Green House Effect? 98. What are chloro-fluoro hydro carbons? What is their effect? 99. What are the salts present in sea water? 100. Why top soil is important for biological activity? 101. What are the man made causes for soil erosion? 102. What is jhoom farming? How does it erode the top soil? 103. Describe two methods by which wild life is preserved? 104. What is global warming? How is it caused? What are its effect? 105. What is acid rain? How is it caused? 106. What are petro-chemical? In which industries they are used? 107. What is Energy? 108. What is Quantum? 109. What is metabolic pathway? 110. Describe the difference between active and passive transport? 111. Define BMR? 112. Define Primary and Net primary productivity? 113. What is secondary productivity? 114. Define tropical level and pyramid of energy?

* Never judge by appearences *

115. 116. 117. 118. What are biofuels? Define social forestry? What are the aims of social forestry? How biogas is produced? Describe it? What are Aestivation and Hibernation?

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119. 120. 121. 122. 123. 124. 125. 126. 127. 128. 129. 130. 131. 132. 133. 134. 135. 136. 137. 138. 139. 140. 141. 142. 143. 144. 145. 146. 147. 148. 149. 150. 151.

Why the amount of food available decreases with increasing depth in a lake? What are Estuaries? What conditions are seen in Estuaries? Define the term biosphere and ecosystem? What is food chain and food web? What is Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Consumers? Define the term Pollution and Pollutant? What are Gaseous Pollutants in Atmosphere? What are Particulate Pollutants? How do they enter the air? What is Eutrophication of lake? How does it occurs? What is an Oil Slick? How is it formed? What are its effects? What is Humus? What is Biopiracy? What is Fire Extinguisher? Define Halon? Define Freon? Describe how Carbon is recycled in Atmosphere? How polluting of air is affecting the human life? Mention some methods to prevent erosion of top soil? What is Deforestation? What is Afforestation? What are Fossil Fuels? What is Biomass? What is non-conventional energy? Define Parbiosphere? What are Petrocrops? What is Ecology? Define KELPS? What are Xerophytes? What is Soil Conservation? What is Biotechnology? What will happen if oceans are polluted with oils? What is Agro Forestry? Write Briefly on Renewable and Non Renewable Resources giving suitable examples? WRITTEN AND PREPARED BY : ARMAAN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE Free Lancer Trainer (Lecturer) MOHAMMED. FAYAZUDDIN. M.Sc, ( MicroBiology) Call Me : +91 9866051279. E-mail: fayaz379@yahoo.co.in

:IMPORTANT ABBREVIATION:
AIDS - Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome.

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ATP ADP ABA AZT ACTH BMR BP BT BRCS CK CSF CF CFC CNS C2H5OH CNG DNA DNES 2,4 D ETC ELISA EMP ECG FAD FSH GA GTP HIV HP ICDS IAA IBA IR IRCS IFA IP KOH LH LPG NADP NAD NADH NADPH2 NTP NIN NAA

- Adenosine Tri-Phosphate. - Adenosine Di-Phosphate. - Abcissic Acid. - Azido Thymine. - Adreno Cortico Trophic Hormone. - Basal Metabolic Rate. - Blood Presssure. - Blood Transfusion. - British Red Cross Society. - CytoKinins. - Cerebro Spinal Fluid. - Ceolomic Fluid. - Chloro Fluoro hydro Carbons. - Central Nervous System - Ethyl Alcohol. - Compressed Natural Gas - Deoxy-ribo Nucleic Acid. - Department of Non Conventional Energy ResourceS. - Di-chloro Phenoxy Acetic Acid. - Electron Transport Chain. - Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay. - Etner Mayer Parness. - Electro Cardio Gram - Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide. - Follicle Stimulating Hormone. - Gibberellins. - Guanosine Tri-Phosphate. - Human Immuno-Deficiency Virus. - Hypertension or High Blood Pressure. - Integrated Child Development Scheme. - Indole Acetic Acid. - Indole Butyric Acid. - Infra Red Radiation. - Indian Red Cross Society. - Immuno Fluorescent Assay. - Inorganic Phosphate. - Potassium Hydroxide. - Leutinizing Hormone. - Liquid Petroleum Gas. - Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate. - Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide. - Reduced form of NAD. - Reduced form of NADP. - Normal Temperature & Pressure. - National Institute of Nutrition. - Naphthalene Acetic Acid.

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NACO NMCP NIH NNP O18 PGA P1 PH PEN PHC PSI PSII PCR PAT RNA RHS RT RBC RH RIPA STD TSH TIT TB UV VIBGYOR WBC .

- National AIDS Control Organization. - National Malaria Control Programme. - National Institute of Hyderabad. - National Nutritional Policy. - Radioactive Oxygen. - Phospho-Glyceric Acid. - Inorganic Phosphate. - Acid-Base Equilibrium. - Primary Endosperm Nucleus. - Primary Health Care. - Photo-System---I. - Photo-System---II. - Polymerase Chain Reaction. - Particle Agglutination Test. - Ribo-Nucleic Acid. - Rural Health Scheme. - Reverse Transcriptase. - Red Blood Corpuscles. ( Erythrocytes ) - Rate of Heamoglobin. - Radio Immuno Precipitation Assay. - Sexually Transmitted Disease. - Thyroid Stimulating Hormone. - Tri-Ido Thyroxin. ( Other Name of Thyroxin ). - Tuberculosis. - Ultra Violet Radiations. - Violet-Indigo-Blue-Green-Yellow-Orange-Red. - White Blood Corpuscles. ( Leucocytes ).

WARNING: Note1: This Material is Patent. Note2: Copy right @ is strictly prohibited according to the Law. Note3: This Material is Prepared by referring Previous Years Question Papers. WRITTEN AND PREPARED BY : ARMAAN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE Free Lancer Trainer (Lecturer) MOHAMMED. FAYAZUDDIN. M.Sc, ( MicroBiology) Call Me : +91 9866051279. E-mail: fayaz379@yahoo.co.in : IMPORTANT SCIENTISTS :
Abu-Baqr : He had given a description on measles. 51

Black-mann Beedle & Tautam Calvin & Benson Charles Laveron Charles Darvin Dr. Gottlieb Esmarch F.W Went Funk Gregor Mendel Haberlandt. G H.G Hopkins Ivan Pavlov Karl Landsteiner Luc- Montagainer Melvin-Calvin Morgan Mason Robert Hill Ronald Ross Robert Gallo Sutton Sir Hans Kreb Schick

: He investigated the dark reaction of photosynthesis. : They observed that the Neurospora, a fungus treated with X-rays grown On artificial culture medium could not synthesis its essential requirement Compounds for its growth. : They discovered the detailed reaction sequences of Dark Reaction. : Discovery of Malarial Parasite in the year 1880. : Proposed first the idea , that plant growth is controlled by some Substances with his son Frances showed the influence being transmitted By the shoot tip to the region behind it. : First reported AIDS. : Originator of First Aid. : Discovered a simple method to collect chemical substance and named it as Auxin. Or IAA. Which are plant growth hormone. : Discovered a substance in the rice husk prevents a disease called Beri- Beri in the year 1912. : An Australian monk. He carried out a No. of experiment on garden pea plant. He has selected seven opposite characters. His name is related with Dihybrid ratio. : Discovered that a plant cell can be grown in an synthetic media in the year 1902. : Discovered that a milk has some substances required for growth and development ( accessory requirement ) in the year 1912. : This Russian scientist has done a large No. of famous experiments on conditional reflexes. He has also formulated some laws regarding them. : Discovered Blood Groups in the year 1900. : Discovered HIV at Paris in the year 1983. : Discovered Dark Reaction of photosynthesis and got Noble Prize. : He noticed a white eyed Drosophilla in normal red eyed. : Predicted that mosquitoes might transmit malaria in the year 1894. or Transmission of pathogens through mosquitoes. : He discovered in 1937 that isolated chloroplast in the presence of light evolve oxygen. ( Light Reaction ). Founder of light reaction. : Transmission of Malarial Parasite by Female Anopheles Mosquito in the year 1897. : Discovered HIV at USA in the year 1984. & also discoverd HTLV-III Virus. : A famous American scientist. He proposed the chromosome theory. : Discovered Krebs Cycle of Respiration. : His name is familiar with schick test. This is intended to test whether a child has immunity to diphtheria or not.

Shipra Guha & Satish Maheshwari

: Discovered development of haploid plant through tissue culture method.

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St. Andrew Ambulance Service St. John Ambulance Service T.R Malthus

: Popularizing First Aid. : Popular the First Aid in the year 1879. : He explained the relationship between the human needs of food & space.

:ADDITIONAL TABULAR INFORMATION:

1. S.No
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

BALANCE DIET: FOOD ITEM

Cereals :Rice, Wheat Pulses: Dhals, Groundnuts, blackgram. etc Leafy Vegetables : Cabbage, Corianger Leaves, Drumsticks leaves..etc Other Vegetables : Brinjals, Carrot, Onion .etc Roots and Tubers, Sweet potato, Raddishetc MilK : Milk , Curd, Butter Milk..etc Oils & Fats: Vegetable oils, Butter & Ghee..etc Sugar or Jager: Cane sugar, Jaggery.. .etc

Adult women /gms

440 45 100 40 50 150 25 20

Adult men /gms

520 50 40 70 60 200 45 35

2.

BLOOD GROUPS & COMPATABILITY:

Group Antigen on RBC A A B B AB AB O

3. S.No

Antibody in plasma B A --A&B

Can Donate Blood To A,AB B,AB AB

(Universal Recipient)

Can Take Blood From .. A,O B,O A,B,AB,O

O
(Universal Donar)

---

A,B,AB,O

ENDOCRINE GLANDS: Name Place

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Hormone

Function

Effects of

Deficiency 1.
Pituitary Gland Ventral Side Of the brain Pituitary & Different types Of hormones Brings about protein synthesis play an important role in the development of secondary sexual characters Stimulates the enzymes that help the process of respiration useful to maintain body temperature Acts on bones & Kidney Glucose synthesis occurs, converts Glucose into Glycogen It excess it result in Gigantism if less it result In Dwarfism If less retardation in mental & reproductive development Its deficiency causes endarteritis Its deficiency produces Diabetes Mellitus Excess causes debility in muscle pain & tissue Its deficiency slows down the general metabolism causes Addisons disease

2.

Thyroid Gland

Neck Region Thyroxin

3. 4.

Parathyroid Gland

Pancreas

Dorsally to The thyroid gland Near Duodenal Loop

Parathormone Insulin

5.

Adrenal Gland

Anterior Region of kidney

Adrenalin

Its controls carbohydrate metabolism

WRITTEN AND PREPARED BY : ARMAAN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE Free Lancer Trainer (Lecturer) MOHAMMED. FAYAZUDDIN. M.Sc, ( Microbiology) Call Me: +91 9866051279. E-mail: fayaz379@yahoo.co.in
4. DEFICIENCY DISEASES: DISEASE DEFFICIENT SUBSTANCE

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1. Night Blindness, Xerophthalmia 2. Rickettsia & Osteomalacia 3. Sterility 4. Bleeding & Cerebral Hemorrhage 5. Scurvy 6. Beri-Beri 7. Cheilosis ( Breaks at the mouth corner ) 8. Pellagra 9. Megaloblastic Anaemia,Hyper irritability Nausea 10.Muscular pains, Mental Depression 11.Perinicious Anaemia 12.Liver Disorder 13.Cancer 14.Vascular impermeability 15.Kwashiorkor 16.Marasmus 17.Obesity 18.Anaemia 19.Blood Loss 20.Goiter 21.Dental Caries 22.Diabetes Incipidus 23.Diabetes Mellitus 24.Cretinism ( Children), Myxodema ( Adults) 5.

Vitamin A ( Retinol ) Vitamin D ( Calciferol ) Vitamin E ( Tocoferol ) Vitamin K ( Phylloquinone ) Vitamin C ( Ascorbic Acid ) Vitamin B1 ( Thiamine ) Vitamin B2 ( Riboflavin ) Vitamin B3 ( Niacin or Nicotinic Acid ) Vitamin B6 ( Pyridoxine ) Vitamin B7 ( Biotin ) Vitamin B12( Cyanacobalanin ) Vitamin B15 Vitamin B17 Vitamin P ( Citrin ) Proteins Carbohydrate & Protein Over eating Iron Vitamin Q Iodine Fluorine Vasopressin Insulin Thyroxin

RECOMMENDED DAILY INTAKE OF ENERGY:

Category Infants Childrens Adolescents Adults

Age 7-12 Months 7-9 Years 16-18 Years 19-30 Years

Weight/Kg 2-5 Kg 26-37 Kg 50-54Kg 55-65 Kg

Energy Required Per Day 108 K.calories 200 K.Calories 2820 K.Calories in Males 2200 K.Calories in Females Males: 2400 K.Cal (Light Work) 2800 K.Cal (Moderate work ) 3900 K.Cal (Heavy Work ) Females: 1900 K.Cal (Light Work) 2200 K.Cal (Moderate work ) 3000 K.Cal (Heavy Work )

6.

SOME COMMON DISEASE:

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Diseases

Causative Organisms

Prophylaxis

Mode Of Transmission

Jaundice Mumps Measles Encephalitis

Filariasis (or) Elephantiasis Malaria

7.

Bed Rest Through Food Items. Liquid Diet. Myxovirus Parotidits (RNA) Isolation of the Droplet Infection. patient and the articles. Paramyxovirus ( RNA ) Isolation of the Physical Contact. patient. Arbovirus Avoiding Bite of Female Culex mosquitoes by mosquito. using insecticides & repellants Wucheraria bancrofti Diethyl Bite of Female Culex Carbamazine & mosquito. preventing mosquitoes Plasmodium Species Quinine Bite of Female Anopheles mosquito.

Hepatitis Virus

LIST OF AMINO-ACIDS:

NON-ESSENTIAL AMINO-ACIDS 1. Alanine 2. Arginine 3. Aspartic Acid 4. Citrulline 5. Cystine 6. Glutamic Acid 7. Glutamine 8. Glycine 9. Hydroxy Proline 10. Proline 11. Serine 12. Thyrosine
8.MAIN FOOD SUBSTANCES : Food Substances Use

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

ESSENTIAL AMINO-ACIDS Isoleucine Leucine Lysine Methionine Phenyalanine Threonine Tryptophan Valine Histidine ( Infants Only )

Example

Source

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1. Carbohydrates

2. Proteins

3. Fats

4. Water

Provide the main source Of energy to the body 1 gm yields of 4 k.cal Heat. Chief substances present In the cell of the body. They form nucleus, Tissues blood etc 1gm Of protein yields 5 k.cal Its is a concentrated Source of energy, some Provides essential fatty Acids 1gm of fat yields 9 k.cal heat Essential for the Formation of blood and Other fluids to carry out Chemical reaction..etc

Starch, Glucose $ Cane Sugar Enzymes are made up of proteins Oils

Cereals grains, Millets Potato, Sweet Potato, Rice, Wheat Meat, Egg , Milk , Pulses, Nuts, Soya Beans Vegetable oils, Butter, Ghee.etc

Water from the Deep wells, Filtered water

Apart from the drinking water it is made available from cucumbers & fruits.

9.

DISEASES OF CHILDREN : SYMPTOMS Always wet not having fluid flow. PRECAUTIONS Person having cold should keep themselves away from children after every feed, feeding bottle and its accessories should be sterilized A kerchief has to be inserted between the jaws for preventing injury to the tongue. Use a hot water bag Or bottle to ease the situation. Using talcum powder containing any antiseptic like boric acid will give a lot of relief. To be given antibiotics according to the advice of The doctor.

DISEASE 1. Cold

2. Convulsions

Child suddenly cries & under goes convulsions Cries much due to discomfort in the abdominal region, clinches ,fists draw leg & arms towards abdomen Due to the prickly heat

3. Colic Disease

4. Rashes in Summer

5. Whooping Cough 10.

Suffers from cold, later dry cough & finally whooping cough PARAMETERS-INSTRUMENTS :

PARAMETER 57

INSTRUMENTS

1. Blood Pressure 2. Basal Metabolic Rate ( BMR ) 3. Blood Cell Count 4. Status of Heart 5. Status of Brain 6. Body Temperature 7. Air Pressure 8. Rainfall 9. Heart Beat TYPES OF REPRODUCTION:

Sphygmomanometer Spiro-meter Heamocytometer Electro Cardiogram ( ECG ) Electro Encephalogram ( EEG ) Thermometer Barometer Rain gauge Stethescope

REPRODUCTION

Vegetative Reproduction Cutting Stems Eg: Ginner Roses Runners Eg: Grasses Off-Set Eg: Pistia Suckers Eg: Chrysanthemum Leaf Buds Eg: Bryophyllum Bud Grafting Eg: Rose

Asexual Reproduction Spore Formation Eg: Rhizopus, Algae GemmaCups Eg: Bryophytes Budding Eg: Yeast Fussion Eg: Bacteria

Sexual Reproduction

One male cell unites with egg nucleus forming Zygote Eg: Datura & All higher Plants

Binary Fission Eg : Ameoba

Multiple Fission Eg : Plasmodium

HORMONES IN PLANTS: HORMONES:

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Auxins (IAA) Synthesized at the growing tips of the roots & stems leaf primordial & developing seeds Function: The promotion Of the cell elongation, suppress The growth of lateral buds help In the initiation or roots in the Stem cutting

Ethylene Present in ripening fruits, under its. influence fruits ripen.

Cytokinins (Ck) Roots & endoSperms of seeds are the seat of synthesis of Cytokinins Function: Mainly influence cell division

Gibberellins (GA) Substances obtained from fungus called Gibberella fujikuroii Function: Mainly influence stem elongation Widely used in agriculture to obtain fruit Development with out seed they also promote Seed germination and delay the leaf fall
NERVOUS SYSTEM IN MAN:

Abcissic Acid (ABA) This hormone inhibits the growth of a plant it promotes ageing and leaf fall .it delays or inhibits seed germination.

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Peripheral Nervous System

Autonomous Nervous System

Brain Spinal Cord

Cranial Nerves (12Pairs) Spinal Nerves (31Pairs)

Sympathetic Nerves Parasympathetic Nerves

HIV-AIDS..

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The fear of AIDS is more prevalent today as it is not curable. Several High risk groups have high prevalence. Unawareness, negligence and Helplessness are the Causes of AIDS. Its time that early decisive action is taken to control and cut its wings occupying the whole worlds, as a Death warrant. It has became a major worldwide epidemic now. INTRODUCTION:.Be Aware of AIDS
AIDS was first reported by Dr. Gottlieb of the U.S centres for Disease control and prevention in 1983. The causative agent was named LAV in 1984 and HTLV III by Robert Gallo. It was named HIV by International Committee on Viral Nomenclature. AIDS infection was detected in India for the first time in prostitutes of Chennai in 1986. AIDS is a serious disease caused by a Retrovirus HIV. Which kills or damages cells of the body immune system, which in turn fails to fight infection..It affects every body irrespective of caste, creed, color, age and gender. The HIV virus consists RNA as a genetic material. Hence the mode of transmission is through Virus . HIV = Human Immuno-Deficiency Virus. AIDS= Acquired Immuno-Deficiency Syndrome. These virus can only infect human beings and creates and makes the human immune system failure not to work properly.HIV-Virus is incapable of reproducing by itself . it complete its life cycle by entering the Host cell (human being). All viruses are obligate parasites. All viruses are Host Dependent. HIV consists a virulent substance called Virion. This Virus after entering the Host Cell (Human Being) weakens the Host immune system then gradually leads to a disease called AIDS.

STRUCTURE OF HIV:
HIV belongs to lentivirus sub-group of Retroviridae family.It was discovered independently by Luc Montagnaier in 1983 at paris and by Robert Gallo at USA in 1984.

HIV is 120nm in size and Icosahedral shape along with the envelope covered to the virus. HIV comprises an outer lipid envelope (Glycoprotein + Glycolipid) Glyco protein which is present inside protects the RNA and viral enzymes which is present in the HIV Virus. 60

VIRAL ENZYMES: REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE:

The actual Central Dogma of protein synthesis is RNA undergoes process known as Transcription and convert its to the DNA, DNA inturns participate in Translation process and convert into Proteins.

Central Dogma: RNATranscription____DNA___ Translation____Protein.

Reverse Transcription enzyme which is present in HIV Virus converts the DNA (Human Genome) into RNA (Viral Genome) once after completion of Reverse Transcription there is no Normal Transcription (central dogma) in human beings. RNA
Transcription____DNA___ Translation____Protein.

INTEGRASE:
Integrase enzyme helps in the easy penetration of virus in the host (Human Being) cell by searching particular or suitable Receptors on the host cell. After infecting the host cell it release Viral RNA into the host cell.

PROTEASE:

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This enzyme break down proteins into Amino acids but the viral protease enzyme converts essential proteins (Human Proteins) into viral Proteins. Amino Acid RNA DNA Proteins Viral Protien Thus Reverse Transcriptase, Integrase and Protease all are essential for Viral replication and Maturation. Due to Reverese Transcriptase enzyme which has converted DNA into RNA Ever changing form of RNA ( VIRAL ENZYME ) Hence the persons are suffering AIDS.

STAGES OF HIV (Life Cycle):

HIV Virus completes its life cycle inside the host cell with the help of replication process. They are four main stages of HIV.

1. Acute HIV Infection:

The person affected by HIV usually within 2-6 weeks may have flu like symptoms fever for 2 days and they disappear for 2-3 weeks. Its concludes that the virus is present in high level in blood. Such Period is called Window Period because there is no presence of antibodies inside the host cell. Such person is capable of transmitting the virus to others and antibody test will be negative.

2. HIV Positive asymptomatic Period: (Incubation Period):

When the person is tested for HIV antibodies the result will be positive with out any symptoms for about 3-5 years.

3. HIV Positive symptomatic Period:

After 5 yrs the person gets symptoms like fever loose motions and Skin diseases Such stage is called as Symptomatic period and it lasts for 2-3yrs.

4. AIDS Stage:
5-10yrs after the person reaches to the AIDS stage During this stage fighting capacity of the body greatly reduced due to deficiency of immune system and all others diseases Such as T.B, incessant cough, weight loss unbated fever and diarrhea, skin rashes. Ulcer and swollen lymph glands. This stage is called AIDS stage.

Modes of Transmission:

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a. HIV can transmit through Blood, Semen, and Vaginal Secretions more percentage of viruses is seen in the Blood. b. By transfusing HIV + Blood. The transfusion of HIV + Blood leads to 100% transmission. c. From an HIV infected mother to her child during, pregnancy delivery or Breast feeding. d. By using HIV contaminated instruments like syringes, needles, surgical or dental instruments. e. By having unprotected sex, the risk of acquiring HIV infection is very high.

NOTE I: HIV virus can live for 15-30 seconds outside of the host cell. Detecting HIV: Tests:
There are three types of blood tests to confirm HIV status. 1. ELISA= Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay.( ELISA kit ). 2. Western Blotting. 3. PCR = Polymerase Chain Reaction. 4. PAT = Particle Agglutination Test. 5. IFA = Immuno Fluorescent Assay . 6. RIPA = Radio Immuno Precipitation Assay. 7. HIVA Test. The Blood tests detect the presence/ absence of antibodies to confirm the HIV positive/ negative status respectively.

Prevention:
1. By adhering to moral value and healthy practices. 2. The order and discipline in ones is the key to avoid AIDS. 3. The Vagaries of the mind that lead to undesirable sexual practices. Sexual practices should be avoided. 4. Every individual needs to be upright and faithful to the life partners. 5. Noble thoughts lead to a noble action. 6. Giving adequate medical treatment to the infected pregnant mother can protect the child from contracting HIV. 7. Ensuring that the blood used for transfusion is HIV free. 8. Using disposable syringes or sterilized needles. 9. Seeking immediate treatment for STD (Sexual Transmitted Disease) along with sexual partners. 10. Be aware of HIV and AIDS mobilize the society.

Is there any cure:

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There is no remedy for HIV-AIDS as of now. Once the virus enters the body there is no way it can be eliminated from the body. Anti Viral Therapy is used during HIV infection to compact the viral load to prolong the life period. Azido Thymine ( AZT ) is a drug which is not only very expensive but also causes severe side affects However it does not cure AIDS only prolong the life period.

Living Positively with HIV Affected Persons And Care:

Acceptance can help people live positively with HIV-AIDS.

Living Positively Means:

1. Making choices in life that promotes good health. 2. Making the best of life with HIV-AIDS 3. Living as normally as possible. 4. Looking after ones spiritual and mental health. 5. People with AIDS need both moral support and physical care. 6. The best care often be given by the relatives and friends. 7. The infected Children should be given immunization. 8. Childrens with HIV AIDS must be allowed to live a normal life. 9. They should attend school for as long as their health permits. 10.These children need a lot of love and care.

Burning Issues:
It is a burning issue world wide In India it is estimated that in 2006 about 2.45 million Indians were living with HIV. It is largely concentrated in six states: Mumbai, Karnataka corridor; Nagpur areas of Maharashtra, Nammakkal district of Tamil nadu, coastal Andhra Pradesh and parts of Manipur and Nagaland. Many people are Unaware of their infection. Although there were high basic awareness levels (82.4% in males and 70% in females), rural women demonstrated very low rate of awareness. New approaches should be tried to reach rural communities with information about HIV/ AIDS safe sex and how to prevent and treat HIV and AIDS.

My Leaving Message:

Iam Thankful.. To My Parents, Teachers, Friends, GEMS School Management, Staff ,and Students. Who Encouraged Me To Prepare This Exam Material.. WISH U ALL THE BEST FOR YOUR FUTURE IMPORTANT ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE EDUCATION QUESTION:

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1. Describe hydrological Cycle? A. Hydrological Cycle: The cyclic process in which continuous exchange of water between seas, land & atmosphere is called hydrological cycle. Advantages of water exchange: exchange of water renews the availability of water on the land though very small amount of water is used by the plants and animals, this is returned to atmosphere during respiration, transpiration in the plants & sweating by animals & also after death of the organisms. Effects of deforestation: Deforestation affects global water cycle, very little water is returned to the land in the form of rain. It affects the life in several ways, chiefly it reduces agricultural Productivity and leads to dearth of food.

2. What is ground water and how are levels of ground water maintained? A. 1.Ground water: Water that is stored in the soil is called ground water. During monsoon rain water percolates into the deeper layers of soil and gets trapped in between the soil particles. Some from near by lakes and rivers seeps into the soil and contributes to ground water. The amount of percolates water depends upon the nature of soil and amount of rainfall. 2. Water table: The upper level of the ground water is called water table. Water table is close to the surface of the soil in areas where rainfall is heavy or close to rivers and lakes. In areas with little rainfall and away from rivers and lakes the water table is at deeper layers of soil. Most of the trees obtain water from the water table and survive even they are not provided water. 3. Describe the Nitrogen Cycle? A. Nitrogen Cycle: Nitrogen is one of the important constituents of all living organisms from bacteria to man. Animals obtain nitrogen from eating plants or other animals. Plants obtain nitrogen from the soil. Air has large amount nitrogen (78%) in its elemental form plants cannot utilize nitrogen in its elemental form. Plants convert nitrogen into its nitrogen containing compounds such as ammonia, nitrates and nitrites and then utilize it. Blue green algae such as Nostoc, Bacteria and rhizobium can fix the atmospheric nitrogen into their protoplasm and convert the atmospheric nitrogen into Ammonia. After converting this into other organic substances, plants use them for their growth. When these nitrogenous substances are decomposed by bacteria, nitrogen is released into atmosphere. Some amount of atmospheric nitrogen is

65

converted and fixes into useful nitrogen containing compounds during lightening and also in industries. This is called Nitrogen Cycle.

4. What is Ozone? What is its function in the environment? A. Ozone: Ozone is another form of oxygen. Each ozone molecule has three oxygen atoms (O3) instead of two (O2). Role of ozone in the environment :Ozone is present at a height of 16-23 Kms from the surface of earth. At this height it covers the entire planet (earth) like a blanket. Light rays reaching earth from sun has three components ultraviolet (U.V) rays visible rays and infra red rays. UV light is short wavelength light and is dangerous to all living organisms. When living organisms (Both animals and Plants) are exposed to UV light for longer periods, their chromosomes are damaged and this may cause cancer. Especially of skin in man and animals. Ozone has the property of absorbing ultraviolet light. Hence ozone present in upper layers of atmosphere absorbs UV light present in the sunlight and does not allow it to fall on earth thus the UV rays are prevented from reaching the earth.

5. What is green house effect? A.Role of carbon-di-oxide: when earth receives sunlight it gets heated up and emits infrared radiations into air carbon dioxide present in air absorbs the infrared rays and keep the earthwarm. This effect of carbon dioxide is called Green House Effect. If carbon dioxide is absent in air these infra red rays escapes into atmosphere and the earth cools down very rapidly to a very low temperature. 6. What are chloro-fluoro hydrocarbons? What is their effect ?

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A. Chloro-fluoro Hydro Carbons: Chloro fluoro hydrocarbons are chemical compounds. Effect of Chloro-fluoro Hydro Carbons: These chemical compounds are added to atmospheric air by refrigerators and aeroplanes. These compounds convert ozone to oxygen. As a result, the amount of ozone in the atmosphere decreases. These results in more ultra violet (UV) light reaching the earth. The Ultra violet affects the plant and animal life and leads the health Hazards. 7. What are the salts presents in sea water? A. While flow through the different geographical locations, the rivers wash away many salts and minerals and add to the sea water. The amount of solid materials washed into sea has been estimated to 3,300 million tons per year. Decomposing plant and animals bodies add some amount of salts and minerals to the sea. As a result of all these activities sea water has salt content of 3.5% and serves as a source for obtaining various salts. State of salts in sea water: All the salts in sea water are in ionic form insoluble state some of these ions interact with each other and form insoluble salts, which precipitate and sediments on the sea floor. 8. Why top soil is important for biological activity? A. Biological importance of top soil: The top soil provides habitat to bacteria, fungi, algae, insect and burrowing animals breathe the air present in the space between the soil particles and feed on the nutrients present in the soil. The air present in the spaces between the soil particles is used by roots for respiration. The top soils contain decomposed organic matter of dead animals and plants and the nutrients are returned to the soil. Hence soil is an important natural asset for biological activity. 9. What are the man made causes for soil erosion? A. Man made causes of soil erosion: Man made causes of soil erosion are deforestation, overgrazing, improper tilling and ploughing. A) Deforestation: Deforestation especially on hill slopes where tribal people live cut the trees clear the areas and burn dried plant bodies they use the cleared areas for the agricultural purposes and raise crop plants after few crop seasons they abandon this area and repeat the same practice in another area this is known as Jhoom farming. This gradually erodes hill slopes. B) Result of Jhoom farming in India : It is estimated that about 300 lakhs of acres of forest land is lost per year in our country due to jhoom farming which lead to a serious problem over a period of time. C) Soil erosion on sea shore: Soil erosion on sea shores and in deserts occurs due to sand. In these areas, sand particles with low binding capacity are present and they are easily blown away by wind. Soil erosion also causes decertification. 10. What is jhoom farming? How does it erode the top soil? A. Jhoom Farming: In the jhoom farming type the hill slopes are selected trees are cut down area is cleared and dried leaves are burnt. The cleared area is used to raise crops. After a few crop. This type of farming is called Jhoom farming. Floods: Whenever water flows on the land it dissolves all the nutrients in the soil and carriers the soil particles present on the surface. During floods rapid and massive flow of water carries away not only the surface but also deeper layers of soil are made unfit for immediate use. Floods also destroy structure and loosen the soil. This is serious problem on hill slopes.

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11. Describe the methods by which wild life is preserved? A. Steps taken by Indian Government for wild life protection: To protect wild life Government of India has taken many steps and initiated many programmes and passed the wild life act in 1972. Activities which lead to deforestation, hunting and destructions of wild life have been declared as illegal activities and severe punishments have been imposed. The plantation activities such as Vanamahotsava have been encouraged and vigorously pursued. Declaration of protected areas: After passing wild life act in 1972 several forest have been declared as reserve forest and protected. Similarly several lakes where birds migrate have been recognized as bird sanctuaries now there are 66 national parks and 368 sanctuaries in our country. 12. What is global warming? How is it caused? What are its effects? A. Global warming: Carbon dioxide causes green house effect in the environment. As its content increases, more heat is retained in the atmosphere and the temperature increases all over the world. This called Global warming. Causes and effects of Global warming: Global warming causes polar ice caps melt and feed more water into the rivers and seas. This will cause severe floods. As the atmospheric temperature increases, water resources such as rivers and lakes in some areas dry up leading to drought like conditions. Hence global warming causes flooding in some areas and drought in some areas. These can result in loss in life, property and environment carbonmonooxide and lead vapour are highly toxic and can cause health problems in man and animals. Sulphurdioxide dissolves in rain water. As a result rain water becomes acidic which is called ACID RAIN. This destroys plants and animals. 13. What is Acid rain? How is it Caused? A. Acid rain: In industrial areas sulphur dioxide is discharged by industries its dissolves in rain water and sulphurous acid is formed. As a result the rain water becomes acidic and this called acid rain.

14.What are Petrochemicals? In which industries they are used? A. Petrochemicals: The chemicals obtained from petroleum are called petrochemicals. Uses of Petro Chemicals: 1. Fuel Oil: Fuel oils are used in industries. 2. Diesel Oil: Diesel oils are used as a Fuel for trucks, cars railways engines, Motor pumps sets in agriculture. 3. Kerosene Oil: kerosene oil is used in homes for lighting lamps special grade kerosene is used in aero plane as fuel. 4. Petroleum or Gasoline: Petroleum or gasoline is used as fuel for trucks cars and other light motor vehicles.

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5. Petroleum gas: This is a mixture of gases which burns very rapidly giving lot of heat. These gases are condensed to liquid petroleum gas ( LPG) and supplied to homes as fuel. 6. Lubricants: The residual oils of petroleum collects at the bottom of the tower This is further processed to obtained lubricating oils. 7. Other residual products of petroleum: Paraffin wax and asphalt are the residual products of petroleum refinery. 8. Petro chemical derivatives: Petrochemicals are used for manufacture of plastics, perfumes, fertilizers insecticides, explosives, dyes, drugs, synthetic rubber and synthetic fibers. 15. What is Energy? A. Energy: The capacity to do work is called energy. 16. What is Quantum? A. Quantum: The energy present in the light rays is called Quantum. 17. What is metabolic pathway? A. Metabolic Pathway: The series of reaction involves either in anabolism or catabolism of a compound is together called as metabolic pathway. 18. Describe the differences between active and passive transport ? A. Active Transport: 1) Substances diffuse from higher concentration to lower concentration. 2) It does not require energy. 3) This process is similar to the water letting down from a over head tank. B. Passive Transport: 1) Substances are transport from lower concentration to higher concentration. 2) This occurs against the concentration gradient hence it requires energy in the form of ATP. 3) This process is similar to pumping water to a over head tank. 19. Define Basal Metabolic Rate? A. BMR: The rate i.e. the amount per unit time at which a compound like glucose is used and the products such as carbon dioxide and water are produced in a metabolic pathway is called Metabolic Rate. 20. Define Primary productivity and Net primary productivity? A. Primary Productivity: The rate at which the organic matter is produces by the plant in an eco-system using solar energy is called Primary productivity. Net Primary Productivity: The rate at which the organic matter is stored in the plants which can be used by other organisms as food is called Net primary productivity. 21. What is secondary productivity? A. Secondary productivity: During the growth the size of the herbivore increases due to addition of organic matter. This can be considered as the productivity of the herbivore this is called Secondary Productivity. 22. Define tropical level and pyramid of Energy? A. Tropical Level: The amount of energy present at each level is called Tropical level.

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Pyramid of Energy: When we take the energy transfer into account it is seen that the amount of energy present at the level of primary producers is very high and the energy level decreases as we move from primary producers to primary and secondary consumers. When this energy level is represented in the form of a figure. It looks like a pyramid this is called Pyramid of energy in the ecosystem.

23. What are Biofuels? A. Biofuels: In nature all the biomass contain carbon and various amounts of hydrogen and oxygen therefore several forms of biomass occurring in nature can be used as fuels or fuels of biological origin are known as Biofuels. 24. Define Social forestry? What are the aims of social forestry? A. Social Forestry: Forest grown by the people and for the people known as social forestry. Aims of social forestry: Social forestry aims at growing trees for the benefit of people in near by locality. Local community is the implementing agent as well as beneficiary thus the social forestry programme generates rural employment and supplies major and minor forest products for the community. 25. How Biogas is produced describe it? A. Biogas: By anaerobic fermentation of the wastes a gas is produced which can be used as fuel since this gas is produced from biological wastes it is called Biogas. Production: Production of biogas occurs in three stages. In the first stage aerobic bacteria are allowed to degrade the complex molecule (such as Cellulose) present in the organic waste to smaller molecules. In the second stage the smaller molecules produced in the first stage are fermented an- aerobically to produced organic acids. Mostly to acetic acid. In the first stage methanogenic (Methane Producing bacteria) act on acetic acid under anaerobic condition and produced methane. The gases produced are collected into specially constructed chambers or domes and supplied to users. 26. What is aestivation and hibernation? A. Aestivation: Animals living in conditions of seasonal water scarcity burrow into deeper layers of mud during summer months and reduce metabolic rate. These animals spend all the hot summer months in the burrows till water becomes available. This process is called Aestivation. Eg: Garden snail, pila blobosa. Hibernation: The process of sleeping through-out the winter is called Hibernation. Eg: Frog. 27. Why the amount of food available decreases with increasing depth?

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A. The amount of food available decreases with increasing in depth in a lake because as the depth increases the amount of light, oxygen and temperature decreases. 28. What are estuaries? What conditions are seen in estuaries? A. Estuaries as a habitat: It is usually called Mouth of the rivers. In this area fresh water with low salt content from the river is mixed up with sea water with high salt content. During the high tides and strong wave actions large amounts of sea water mixes with sea river water as the sea water flows deep into the river water. During the low tides and when wave action is weak, less amounts of sea water mixes with river water. As a result salt content of water in estuary changes very rapidly. Animals living in estuaries have to tolerate the rapid changing conditions and adopt to live in changing salt content water. 29. Define the term Biosphere and Ecosystem? A. Biosphere: All the zones which support life on the earth are called Biosphere. Ecosystem: An ecosystem is a natural unit of biosphere it has both abiotic and biotic components which interact and influence each other. 30. What is food chain and food web? A. Food Chain: Food chain consists of producers and consumers for an organism to survive food must be produced and made available in its own ecosystem.

Food Web: Several food chains are linked to form a food web. 31. What is primary, secondary and tertiary consumers? A. Primary consumers: The organisms which are dependent on the primary producers (plant) for food is called primary consumers. Secondary consumers: The organisms which are dependent on the primary producers and consumers for food is called secondary consumers. Tertiary consumers : The organisms which are dependent on the secondary consumers and plant primary producers for the food is called tertiary consumers. 32. Define the term pollutants and pollution? A. Pollutants: The agent which causes pollution is called pollutant. Pollutant is not usually a component of an ecosystem. Pollution: Undesirable and harmful changes in the components of an ecosystem ( atmosphere) by the addition of an agent is called pollution. 33. What are gaseous pollutants in atmosphere? A. Pollution due to human activities: Several human activities causes pollution of air, water and land and make them unfit for the existence of life. Atmospheric pollution: Pollution of air is called atmospheric pollution. Types of atmospheric pollutants: Atmospheric pollutants are of two types 1) Gaseous pollutants.

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2) Particulate pollutants. Gaseous Pollutants: The chemicals substance whose boiling point is below 200 0C causes gaseous pollution. The various gases which cause pollution are sulphurdioxide, sulphurtrioxide, nitricoxide, nitrogendioxide , carbonmonoxide, carbondioxide and hydrocarbons vapours. Sources of Gaseous Pollution: All the fuels, such as coal and petroleum contain small amounts of sulphur and nitrogen. When these fuels are burnt in industries and automobiles sulphur gives out sulphurdioxide and sulphurtrioxide, Nitrogen gives out nitric oxide and nitrogendioxide. These gases dissolve in rain water or water vapour present in atmosphere and forms acids such as sulphuric acid and nitric acid these acid are deposited on land through rain is called Acid Rain. Carbondioxide: Carbondioxide is produced by burning of fossil fuels and respiration by plants and animals. Though it is added in large amounts it is used by plants for photosynthesis and removed from air. Large amount of carbondioxide is present in dissolved condition in ocean. Therefore oceans are known as sinks of carbondioxide since 80% of earth is covered by water in the past few decades due to rapid industrialization, automobiles, the fossil fuels consumption increased, deforestation, conversion of agriculture land. 34. What are the particulate pollutants? How do they enter the air? A. Particulate Pollutants: Particulate pollutants are the particle forms of either solids and liquids of various size having boiling points above 200 0C large particles settle down quickly and small particles settle down slowly very fine particles do not settle down at all. The typical examples of particulate pollutants are ash produced by burning coal and wood dust produced by quarries cement and mining industries, metal vapors produced by various industries etc. Automobiles using petrol add tetraethyl and tetramethyl lead particulates to the atmosphere bacteria, fungi and pollen grains are also particulate pollutants. 35. What is eutropication of lakes? How does it occur? What are its effects? A. Eutropication of lakes: Fertilizers that enter and pollute aquatic ecosystem promote the growth of diatoms, algae and other plants in ponds lakes and rivers. Extensive uncontrolled growth of diatoms,algae and other plants in ponds lakes and rivers is called eutropication. Affects of Eutropication: Abundant uncontrolled growth of plants blocks the flow of water and reduces oxygen content in the water. Other organisms living in the water do not get sufficient oxygen and ultimately die. Their dead bodies sink to the bottom decompose and foul the entire water body and increase the turbidity of water and reduce the amount of sunlight entering the water. 36. What is an oil slick? How is it formed? What are its effects? A. Pollution of sea water by crude Oil: crude oil is transported through sea routes trough out the world. Any damage to the ships results in the leakage of oils into seas. Oil being lighter than water floats on the surface and spread and forms a fine layer over the top of sea water. This is called Oil Slick. Oil slick does not allow oxygen to penetrate into water and cause the death of many marine organisms when slick reaches the shore. It destroys genetic engineering methods are used to develop bacteria which degrade oil and are being tested for their efficiency to remove the oil slick. 37. What is Humus?

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A. Humus: The top soil is the loose mixture of mineral particles composed organic matter is called humus. 38. What is Biopiracy? A. Biopiracy: Exchange of genetic information from one country to another country illegally is called biopiracy. 39. What is a fire extinguisher? A. Fire extinguisher: Put out a fire or light the extinguish in which Carbon dioxide gas is present to put out fire. 40. Define Halon? A. Halon: Halon is bromo-tri-fluoro-methane and used as fire extinguisher it can also damage ozone and cause global warming. 41. Define Freon? A. Freon: Freon are chloro-fluoro carbons used as cooling agents in refrigerators and air conditioners. Freons can also be used as fire extinguishers but their use can damage ozone layer and cause global warming. 42. Describe how carbon is recycled in atmosphere? A. Carbon Cycle: Carbon is present in air in the form of carbondioxide.carbondioxide is 0.033% in atmosphere though its is very meager it has an important role in the lifes of animals and plants. Some amounts of carbondioxide is present in water in dissolved condition. Carbondioxide is used by plants for photosynthesis and is converted into glucose some amount of glucose is used for respiration by plants rest of it is converted to other carbohydrates and fats stored in various parts of plant. When animal eat the plant carbon containing compounds are taken up by the animals and digested and absorbed and are used by the animals for respiration. Thus the carbon present in carbondioxide in atmosphere finds a way into animals. Metabolic degradation of the carbon compounds especially during respiration releases carbondioxide into air. Thus carbondioxide finds its own way into the bodies of animals and plants and back into atmosphere.

43. How polluting of air is effecting the human life?

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A. Air Pollution: Problems: Now-a-days air is polluted with various chemicals which are toxic to both plants and animals on the earth. Some industries add new chemicals to the air. Sulphurdioxide is added to the air by several industries sulphurdioxide dissolves in the water vapour present in air and forms sulphurous and sulphuric acids. These acids deposit on plants and destroys the crops and affect metals and destroy buildings. Some industries add large quantities of gases that already present in air. Carbondioxide is added in large quantities not only by industries but also by burning fuels such as wood, coal and petrol in homes and automobiles. Increases the green house effect and increase earths temperature. Some of the human activities add chemicals to the air which destroys the already existing gases in air such as chlorofluoro carbons are added to air by refrigerator and aero planes. These convert ozone to oxygen. As a result the amount of ozone in the atmosphere decreases and these results in more UV light reaching the earth. 44. Mention some methods to prevent erosion of top soil? A. Methods to prevent soil erosion: Soil erosion can be prevented by 1) Proper land management 2) restoring forest cover by preventing unnecessary cutting of trees. 3) education the tribal people about the adverse effects of jhoom farm and advising them to continue farming on the same area every season instead of clearing and preparing new areas on hill slopes. Avoiding burning dry leaves and twigs in forest area which may be decomposed by bacteria and formed humus which has the good binding capacity. Growing grass on hill slopes, sea shores and deserts should be encouraged. Over grazing should be prevented and sufficient time should be given to grow the grass. Unnecessary tilling or ploughing should be minimized and crop rotation system should be practiced different crops in different seasons should be grown. 45. What is deforestation? A. Destruction of forest is called as deforestation. Deforestation especially we can see on hill slopes where tribal people cut the trees for jhoom farming. 46. What is aforestation? A. Growing of trees is called aforestation. 47. What are fossil fuels? A. These fuels are produced from the dead bodies of plants and animals which covered by layers of earth for past several thousand of year due to intense heat and lack of oxygen these are converted into coal petroleum and natural gas. These are called as fossil fuels. 48. What is Biomass? A. Biomass is the total amount of dry mass produced in ecosystem in given period of time. 49. What is non conventional energy? A. After releasing the problems of non renewable resources scientists are making efforts to reduce these effects have leads to search for non polluting unlimited resources of energy. These resources are called alternate energy resources or non conventional energy resources. 50. Define Par biosphere?

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A. All the zones on the earth which do not support life are called Par biosphere. 51. What are Petro-crops? A. A good number of known to accumulate a very high content of petroleum based products. Similarly we have plants like Calotropis Procera which contain Petroleum products extraction of petroleum based products from those plants at presents is not economical crops grown for such purpose are called petrocrops. 52. What is ecology? A. Ecology is a branch of biology which deals with animals and plants in their environment. 53. Define Kelps? A. The large brown sea weed or Algae are known as KELPS. 54. What are xerophytes? A. Xerophytes are plants which are able to survive in dry regions. They make suitable adaptations in leaves, stem etc. 55. What is soil conservation? A. Soil conservation means the technological measure and protects which help in protecting and safe guarding the soil from erosion. 56. What is Biotechnology? A. Biotechnology is the combination of molecular science , microbiology and the principles of biochemistry. 57. What will happen if oceans are polluted with oils? A. If oceans are polluted with oils. It shows effects on the marine animals and plants. Because the oil is lighter than the water it spread and covers the top layer of the water which is unsuitable conditions because it does not allow the light to penetrate into the water and surface plants cannot utilize the light for photosynthesis and also the oxygen level decreases due to that fish get suffocated in respiration and finally leads to the life hazards. 58. What is agro forestry? A. Agro forestry a successful land which achieves increased production and ecological stability. 59. Write briefly on renewable and Non renewable resources giving suitable examples? A. Classification of Natural Resources: Natural resources are classified into 1) Renewable Resources. 2) Non- Renewable Resources. A. 1) Renewable Resources: The resources which can renew or replenish themselves are called renewable resources. These resources may renew by reproduction, recycling, redistribution. For the renewal the natural resources do not need any help from man. Water, soil and living organisms are some of the examples for renewable resources. 2) Renewal Period of resources: Different resources require different time period for their renewal. Some requires very little time for renewal. For example if a leaf is removed from a

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plant a new leaf is formed in a very short time, on other hand if a branch is cut it takes a long time to form a new branch and if the stem is cut it requires much more time to develop a new plant. B) Non-renewable Resources: The resources which cannot be renewed or which take very long time to renew Is called Non- renewable resources Ex: Coal, Petroleum, Minerals, Ores etc. are non renewable resources.

ENVIRONMENT EDUCATION
1. Balance In The Environment A. USING PROPER METHODS FOR SOIL PROTECTION 1 MARK QUESTIONS: 1. What is soil ? A. The top most layer of the earth is called soil. 2. What is called the granary of South India? A. Andhra Pradesh. 3. What are corals? A. Corals are the wonderful life forms that grow in marine waters at depths. 4. What is a forest ? A. A forest is a place with thick foliage, big trees, a variety of birds and animals. 5. What is water environment ? A. Groundwater, rainfall, moisture and snow are forms of our water environment. 6. What is watershed? A. The rainwater that falls on higher areas like hillocks is channelized towards the neighbouring low-lying areas and stored is called watershed. 7. What are the products we obtain from forest ? A. The products we obtain from forest are timber, firewood, honey gum, fruits and herbs. 8. Which are called Carbon Sinks? A. Grasslands are called carbon sinks as they absorb carbon dioxide. 9. Which are converted into concrete jungles ? A. Villages, cities, towns, forests are converted into concrete jungles. 10. Which are called lungs of our urban areas? A. Parks are lungs of our urban areas. 11. Which are the ancient water systems ?

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A. Oceans are huge and ancient water systems. 12. Where do sponges and algae live in oceans ? A. Sponges and Algae live in below a depth of 600mts in oceans. 13. What is the main content of fish meat? A. Fish meat is a rich source of protein and provide good nourishment. 14. How many people across the world depend on fishing for their livelihood? A. Around 60 lakh people across the world depend on fishing for their livelihood. 15. What is estuary ? A. Estuary is the meeting point of river and sea. It is also known as mouth of the river. 16. What are mangroves? A. Forests that grow near seashores are called mangroves. 17. Where do you find mangroves? A. We find mangroves in the Krishna, Godavari delta areas and also in the Ganga delta area. 18. Which are the largest mangrove forests in the world? A. Sunderbans in West Bengal. 19. What is the main function of mangroves? A. Mangroves protect us from the intensity of natural calamities like tsunami. 20. To which kind of organisms do coral reefs provide shelter ? A. Coral reefs provide shelter to small animals such as worms, snails, sea fish, sea cucumbers, sea-urchins, octopuses etc. 21. Why should we use bio-fertilizers? A. To protect the soils fertility and to save the life forms which support the growth of crops including earthworms. 22. What is joint forest management? A. Making the neighbourhood people as partners in the management of safe guarding forests is called joint forest management. 23. What are the types of soils ?

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A. Soils are of 3 types. They are : 1. Alkaline 2. Alluvial 3.Sandy soils. 24. What is in situ protection? A. Protection of species of plants and animals in their natural habitat is called in situ protection. 25. Define Biotechnology? A. The science that caters to the needs of the growing population is termed as Biotechnology. 26. What are the animals that lake shelter under coral reefs ? A. Coral reefs provide shelter to smaller animals such as worms, snails, sea fish, sea cucumbers, sea-urchins, octopuses etc. 27. What is humus? A. The dead animals, fallen leaves, seeds and barks of trees decompose and become a part of soil. This is called humus. 28. Explain the term mulching ? A. Mulching is ploughing back leaves, cattle and agricultural wastes into the land. 29. Explain the process of watershed management system? A. (1) The rain water that falls on higher areas like hillocks is channelized Towards the neighbouring low-lying areas and stored there. (2) This process is called watershed management system. 30. What are the affects of excess fluoride in drinking water? A. Excess fluoride in drinking water is harmful as it cause skeletal degradation & deformities. 31. Why are parks are great necessity? A. 1. In towns, we see greenery only in parks. 2. Cities are turning into concrete jungle due to the increasing number of skyscrapers built, to meet the ever growing housing needs. 3. Urbanization & industrialization are adding to the air pollution. 4. Therefore, parks are the great necessity. They are the lungs of our urban areas. 32. What salt are found in marine water ?

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A. Of the 1000 parts of marine water, 35 parts comprise salts-salts of potassium, calcium & magnesium are found in abundance in sea. 33. What are advantages of alternative crops ? A.1. Growing the same kind of the crop in an area make the soil infertile. 2. It also affects the quality of the crop. Alternating crops increases the soil fertility and keeps pests away. 3. Besides, in alternate crop raising, when two kinds of crops are grown together, the pests specific to a crop resist those on the other crop. 34. What is social forestry? A. The vacant places where we live, we can grow trees. This type of man made forest is called social forestry. 35. What is agro forestry? A. Growing trees along with agriculture in the farm is called agro forestry. 36. What is biopiracy? A. Stealthy acquisition of germplasm of plants & animals available in other places & Countries & establishing proprietary rights over them is called biopiracy. 37. Who are tribals? A. Tribal people are born in forest and live off forest products such as fruits & nuts. 4 MARK QUESTIONS: 38. What should we do to keep soil fertile? A. We keep soil fertile by: (1) Growing trees on hills and slopes. (2) Using crop rotation methods. (3) Not allowing cattle to graze in lands where the grass is thin. (4) Not allowing the leaves, grass and soil to wash away in the rain water.

39. What is watershed? What are its uses?

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A. Watershed: It is the rain water that falls on higher areas and is channelized towards the neighboring low-lying areas and stored there. Uses: (1) It increases the moisture in the soil and prevents soil erosion. (2) The groundwater table increases. (3) This water is useful for crops, cattle and birds. (4) Provides water to the areas around by. 40. What happens if groundwater levels go down? A. If groundwater levels go down: (1) The concentration of fluoride present in the underground will be more. (2) It causes skeletal degradation and deformities in human beings. 41. Explain social forestry? A. (1) We can grow trees in vacant places or areas where we live. (2) Such man made forests are called social forests. (3) Rising of social forests makes the cities cool. (4) They also usher in rainfall. (5) These plants filter the polluted air and provide oxygen to people. 42. Explain Agro-forestry? A. (1) Growing trees along with agriculture in the farm is called Agro-forestry. (2) Trees and bushes occupy an important place in agro-forestry. (3) Along with the usual crops, firewood trees, fruit trees and other horticulture crops can be grown. 43. Write a short on Marine resources. A. (1) Oceans are a huge water systems. (2) Below depth of 600 meters, sponge and algae live amidst two thousand animal types in the ocean water. (3) Around 30,000 kinds of fish live in the sea. (4) Fish contain abundant proteins and provide good nourishment.

44. What are the uses of sea corals?

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A. Uses of sea corals: (1) They stall the sea waves and reduce the speed of the water. (2) They protect the coastal area from erosion. (3) provide a healthy ecosystem by giving shelter to different kinds of algae, snails and small worms etc. 45. What is Humus? How is it useful to plants? A. Humus: (1) The dead animals, fallen leaves, seeds and barks of trees decompose and become part of soil. (2) This is called Humus. Uses: (1) It provides nourishment for plants to grow. (2) It helps to keep the upper layers of the layers of the soil moist. 46. What are the advantages of alternating crops? A. The advantages are: (1) Alternating crops increases soils fertility and keeps pests away. (2) In alternate crop raising, the pests specific to a crop resist those on the other crop. (3) Thus biological control is naturally effected. 47. How do we protect forests? A. We protect forests by: (1) Preventing them from being turned into agricultural lands. (2) Taking up social forestry. (3) Putting an end to shifting (podu) cultivation. (4) Methodical construction of dams etc. 48. What are the advantages of forests? A. Advantages of forests: (1) Forests are a rich natural resource. (2) They provide us with timber, firewood, honey, gum, fruits and herbs. (3) Rivers and streams flow through forests. (4) It is a home to many wild animals, plants, trees, birds and other living

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forms. (5) We get rain because the trees in the forests attract clouds. (6) The trees in a forest are generally healthy because the pests on a tree are eaten away by a worm (or) a pest living on a near by tree. (7) This keeps the forests alive and robust. 49. What is Bio-technology? What are the uses of it? A. Bio-technology: The science that has been taking long strides to cater to the needs of the growing population is called Bio-technology. Uses: (1) We can produce antibiotics from bacteria and fungi. (2) We can produce Medicines to fight cancer. (3) We can also produce growth hormones and insulin. (4) We can produce sweet substances without using sugar. (5) We can manufacture abundant quantities of enzymes needed in industries. (6) We can produce better pulses and better proteins. 50. Write about In-situ protection? A. In-situ protection: Protection of species of plants and animals in their natural habitat is called IN-SITU Protection In-situ protection centers: (1) National parks and Sanctuaries. (2) Bio-diversity reserves. (3) Natural habitat centers. (4) Protected forest areas. (5) Reserved forests. 51. What are the advantages of park? A. Parks not only beautify the city (or) town but offer a lot of other advantages. Advantages: (1) They cool the temperature around. (2) They increase the land value by adding beauty to the area.

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(3) They reduce air and noise pollution. (4) Prevent soil erosion. (5) Provide habitat to birds and animals. (6) They function as places of entertainment and relaxation. (7) They act as playgrounds and as natural gymnasiums. (8) They provide us with fresh air. 52. What are mangroves? Explain their protective nature? A. (1) Forests that grow near sea shores are called mangroves. Mangroves grow well in delta areas where the rivers join the sea. (2) They can withstand the salt water well. We find them in good numbers in the Krishna-Godavari delta areas and also in the Ganga delta area. (3) They protect the shore from the lashing waves. Sunder bans in West Bengal are the largest mangrove forests in the world. (4) Mangroves protect us form the intensity of natural calamities like tsunamis, provided we protect them. (5) We should not cut down the trees in the coastal areas. 53. What are Vanasamrakshana Samithis? What do they do? A. (1) People of a particular area not only protect the nearby forest, but also share the forest produce. (2) For this purpose they form groups. (3)These groups, which are formed for protection of the forests are called Vanasamrakshana Samithis. (4) These groups grow trees for firewood around the forest but outside the protected area. (5) They do their best not to depend on the forest for firewood or for grazing animals.

POLLUTION
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2. Pollution B. TYPES OF POLLUTION 1 MARK QUESTIONS: 1. What is Pollution? Mention the different forms of pollution? A. Anything that violates the original character of nature and leads to its degradation is called pollution. Pollution is of 5 types they are: 1. Water pollution 2. Air pollution 3. Soil pollution 4. Radio active pollution 5. Noise pollution. 2. What is our audible range of noise? A. The audible range of our noise is between 50-60 decibels. 3. Normally how much decibels of sound we can bear? A. Normally we can bear sound up to 80 decibels. 4. How is our eardrum affected? A. Our eardrum is affected if the noise pollution goes beyond 100 decibels. 5. What is called an oil spill? How does it affect the sea? A. (1) When the oil ships turn down over seas, it creates a layer of oil over the surface of the sea waters for hundreds of kilometers. (2) This is called as an oil spill. (3) When it happens, air and light cannot enter the sea waters and several Marine creatures like fish, tortoises and other marine life forms die of asphyxiation. 6. How does fluoride affect on our body? A. Fluoride in water deforms our teeth and leads to deformation of bodys skeletal structure. 7. What factors affect our health? A. The factors affect our health are : (1) Personal hygiene (2) drinking water (3) the food (4) drain water etc., 8. What is heat radiation? A. The heat radiated by concrete structures (like roads) and houses amidst hills And rocks, is called heat radiation. 9. What are the carcinogens produced while burning wood, plastic and 84

rubber tyres? A. The produced carcinogens are: (1) dioxins (2) furons. 10. What is to be done to prevent air pollution? A. 1. During festivals like Holi or sankranthi, we burn wood, plastic and rubber tyres. 2. Lets do away with this practice. Such burning produce carcinogens like dioxins and furans. 3. We have to propagate the idea that our festivals should not endanger our lives. 4. Not only that, some chemicals colors used in holi harm our eyes. Lets propagate the use of turmeric, sandal and the natural colors of leaves and flowers. 11. How does soil get polluted? A. 1. Good soil lose their fertility because of the waste we produce and dispose indiscriminately on the land. 2. Solid waste and wastes from houses, chemical effluents from factories, wastes from hospitals, chemical fertilizers and pesticides used in fields and plastic waste, kill useful bacteria and destroy the micro-nutrients in soil that support plants and tress. 3. This is how soil gets polluted. 12. How is radio active pollution occurring? What are its hazards? A. 1. The cosmic rays, X-rays, scanning, TV screens, cellular phones etc. produce radiation. 2. The radioactivity produced by atomic reactors is very dangerous. 3. This radiation pollutes groundwater as well. 4. The radioactive rays cause changes in genes leading to several ailments. 5.The yield of crops decreases and new diseases spring up.

13. What is noise pollution? How does it affect us?

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A. 1. Noise pollution is invisible but quite harmful. 2. Deafening music from modern instruments and sound systems disturbs the peace. 3. It produces not sweet melodies but noise of unimaginable decibels that damages our eardrums. 4. Normally we can bear sound up to 80 decibels, however, at times sounds ranging from 85-90 decibels can also damage our eardrums. 5. If the noise pollution goes beyond 100 decibels, the eardrums is affected. 6. Silence is the only way to protect ourselves from this hazard called noise. 4 Marks Questions: 10. Explain how is water polluted? A. 1. The over use of water in a greedy manner outstrips the supply of water. 2. Dumping of waste water turns the water in tanks and rivers as also the groundwater unsuitable for drinking. 3. In villages, towns and cities, waste water from houses and industrial effluents pollute the drinking water. 4. In villages, the indiscriminate use of chemical pesticides and chemical fertilizers pollutes the tanks. 11. Write the reasons for air pollution? A. 1. The phrase air pollution at once reminds us of the factory chimney. 2. Now a days every vehicle in our village, town or city is like a factory chimney. 3. Of the vehicles plying on the roads , 20% of the big vehicles are more than 15 year old. 4. They release tones of harmful gases into the air. Day by day we feel the dearth of fresh air. 5. When we go to parks and buy entry tickets it is as if we are paying for fresh air.

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6. We are already accustomed to buying drinking water. Lets not do the same for air. 12. What are the causes of oil spills? A. 1. Fuels from sailing ships, leak and enter the sea water. 2. When oils and fuels are disembarked, they leak and enter the sea water. 3. Pipes supplying fuels leak and spill into the water. 4. Oils and fuels used in the houses and industries pass through drains into rivers and finally into the seas. 5. Rain water washes the roads and vehicles in our towns and carries the oil and grease finally into the seas. 6. The fuel used in automobile repair shops finally reach the seas through drains and rivers. 13. What happens when oils enter the sea? A. 1. Air and light do not reach the marine water. 2. Different kinds of life forms living near the roots of mangroves that grows on shores die and the mangrove ecosystem is disturbed. 3. Sea animals die due to lack of oxygen. 4. Birds that hunt for sea fish, die as they are trapped in oil. 5. Marine products diminish and affect the economic development. 14. How is air polluted? A. Air is polluted by: (1) The harmful industrial waste materials. (2) Emission of hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide by vehicles. (3) Producing carcinogens like dioxins and furons by burning wood, plastic and rubber tyres etc. 15. How is soil polluted? A. Soil is polluted by: (1) Excessive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. (2) Solid wastes from houses, hospitals. (3) plastic wastes destroy the micro-nutrients in soil. 16. How is water polluted?

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A. (1) The waste from houses and industrial effluents. (2) Dumping of wastes into rivers and tanks. (3) Indiscriminate use of chemical pesticides and chemical fertilizers. 17. What are the affects of radioactive pollution? A. Radio active pollution is caused by cosmic rays, x-rays, TV screens, cellular phones, nuclear tests etc. Affects of radio active pollution: (1) Cause Cancer. (2) Pollute ground water. (3) Produce radiation. (4) Cause genetical changes and lead to diseases. (5) The yield of crops decrease and new diseases will be born. 18. Suggest some ways to reduce pollution? A. Some ways to reduce pollution: (1) Planting a sapling. (2) Using cloth bins instead of polythene bags. (3) Using colorless clay idols for festivals like vinayaka chaturdhi. (4) Keeping separate dustbins-one for dry waste and another for wet waste. (5) Totally abandoning the use of plastic disposable cups, glasses and plates. (6) Forcing the industries to follow safe and scientific methods of disposing the waste material etc.. 19. How does pollution affect us? A. Affects of pollution on us: (1) Fluoride In water deforms the teeth and leads to deformation of bodys skeletal structure. (2) Plastic garbage blocks the flow of drain water and breeds mosquitoes causing fevers like dengue and malaria etc. (3) Smoke from vehicles causing burning sensation in eyes, breathlessness, cough, lung diseases and heart-attacks.

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(4) Burning of domestic garbage with plastic material produces carcinogens like dioxins and furons which mix with the air and pollute it. (5) Sulphur and nitrogen oxides are released into the air by industries, factories and vehicles and destroy ancient monuments and beautiful buildings. 20. Mention the different ways to reduce pollution? A. (1) If the school is nearby, go on foot. If it is too long for walk, ride a bicycle. Such measures are healthy and also help save fuel. There will be less of air and noise pollution. In case, you need to go by a motor vehicle, go by bus. Prefer public transport to private vehicles. (2) Keep two dustbins in your classroom: one for dry waste and another for wet waste. (3) Dig a pit I a corner of your house or school premises. Fill it with waste that degrades into the soil, such as leaves of trees, decayed fruits/vegetables and their peels and you will have made organic fertilizer. (4) Plant a sapling on your birthday. Water it everyday. (5) When you are washing without soap, wash your face/hands/feet close to the trees and plants, so that it reached them. 21. what do you do to bring awareness in the public to reduce pollution? A. (1) Use cloth bags instead of polythene bags. Polythene bags do not degrade into soil even after thousands of years, nor do they allow rainwater to percolate into the ground. (2) Lets totally abandon the use of plastic disposable cups, glasses and plates and propagate this idea in the community. (3) If there are pest-infected plants In your house or school, sprinkle a little water mixed with neem seed powder and garlic paste. Lets use natural pesticides such as chilies, soap nuts and turmeric. Organic fertilizer like cattle dung can also be used. (4) See that your house is well ventilated, so that air and light can freely enter it.

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(5) Close the vessels in which you store water at home and in school. Then the water will not get dirty, nor will flies and mosquitoes breed in it. 22. What action do you take on festival days to reduce pollution? A. (1) In the rainy season, water may be dirty and it may stink. The dirt settles down at the bottom. Put some pieces of charcoal in it for some time and then take them out. Bad odour will soon disappear. (2) Soak fenugreek and waste paper in water. Then grind them and mould the material to make a pen stand. Make various articles from the material and paint them to make the house or classroom look beautiful. (3) You can avoid water pollution by using colorless clay idols for vinayaka chaturthi. (4) use natural colors made from plants during Holi. Chemical colors like chrome and Nickel cause skin diseases and may affect your eyesight also. (6) Celebrate Deepavali with low-noise crackers. Propagate that this is the festival of lights and not of sounds.

WARNING: Note1: This Material is Patent. Note2: Copy right @ is strictly prohibited according to the Law. Note3: This Material is Prepared by referring Previous Years Question Papers.

WRITTEN AND PREPARED BY : ARMAAN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE Free Lancer Trainer (Lecturer) MOHAMMED. FAYAZUDDIN. M.Sc, ( MicroBiology) Call Me : +91 9866051279. E-mail: fayaz379@yahoo.co.in

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ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS
3. Environment Aspects C. DECREASE OF FOREST AND AGRICULTURE PRODUCTS, MARINE RESOURCE 1 MARK QUESTIONS: 1. What does Rehabilitation mean ? A. Rehabilitation means providing living conditions for permanent habitation at a place where there are no new problems. 2. What are Greenhouse gases ? A. Carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxide, methane, chloroflurocarbons etc., are called green house gases. 3. Who was the French scientist, who spoke about the Green house effect in 1827? A. Jean Baptists Fourier. 4. What are the kinds of acid rains? A. Acid rains are of two kinds. (a) Wet acid rains (b) Dry acid rains 5. What is the characteristic feature of acidity? A. The characteristic feature of acidity is the pH value of acid rain water ranges from1.5 to 5.0. 6. What is Tsunami ? Write the damage it caused recently? A. Tsunami is a giant tidal wave caused by eruption of volcanoes or earthquakes. They travel at a speed of 500-1000 km/hr. These sea waves rise to a height of 15-30 m and create chaos. For instance, the tsunami that erupted near Sumatra on dec 26, 2004 killed thousands of people in Indonesia, sri lanka & in india ( Andhra Pradesh, Tamil nadu & Andaman Islands) 7. What is El Nino ? A. El Nino is a natural calamity causing scanty rainfall and drought and famines. 8. What is La Nina ? A. La Nina is a natural calamity causes heavy downpour (floods) washing away villages and cities.

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9. What are the three things that destroy life on the earth ? A. (1) Atomic war (2) Global warming (3) Collision of the earth with another planet. 10. What are the 5 spheres of the atmosphere? Mention the different spheres into which the atmosphere is divided? A. (1)Troposphere (12km) (2) Stratosphere (45km) (3) Mesosphere (80km) (4) Ionosphere (400km) (5) Exosphere. 11. Why are forests necessary for our development? A.1. Forest is necessary for our development. 2. Only if forests cover 33% of our land, we can get sufficient oxygen to breathe. 3. This % of forest cover will provide enough drinking water and fertile soils for growth of crops. 4. But, in our country, today the forest covers only 19% of the land. 12. How is ozone produced? What is its function? A. 1.Ozone gas is produced due to the effect of ultra violet rays of the sun of the oxygen atoms in the stratosphere. 2. It is shown by the symbol of 03. It is light green in color. This ozone layer is at a height of 35 km from the earth, in the stratosphere. 3. This function as a shield to the biosphere. It stops the dangerous U.V rays of the sun & protects the earth. 13. When does ozone become dangerous? A.1. Ozone gas is dangerous if it reaches the biosphere (earth). 2. Nevertheless, at its present distance from our planet it is playing invaluable role in the very survival of life. 14. What are non-renewable energy resources? Give examples? A. Non-renewable energy resources: These are non-renewable resources such as wood, coal, petroleum, natural gas, oil, uranium & thorium. 15. What are renewable energy resources? Give examples? A. Renewable energy resources: use of these resources does not diminish them.These resources are solar energy, wind energy, sea-wave energy &

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heat energy from under the earth (geothermal energy). 16. How are green house gases released? A.1. When electricity is produced from coal & when fuel is burnt in industries, carbondioxide & nitrous oxide gases are released. 2. Machines that cool, furnaces that melt metals, rockets & automobile machines release a lot of hydro-carbon gases. 3. Over use of pesticides & chemical fertilizers releases chloroflurocarbons & methane gases into the air. 4. These gases contain 50% carbondioxide & carbonmonoxide, 20% CFC, 12% Methane & methanol, 7% nitrogen oxide and 11% other gases. 17. Explain green house effect? A.1.These green house gases form a layer at some height over the earth. 2. The harmful short-wave radiation emitted from the sun also reaches the earth. 3. The earth receives a part of this heat and sends back the rest into space in the form of radiation. 4. The CFC, methane , carbon dioxide & hydrocarbons which envelope the earth & trap the heat from the sun & increase the ground level temperature of the earth. 5. This is called green house effect. 18. What are the different forms of acid rains? A.1.The nitric & sulphuric acids form part of the atmospheric moisture, only to reach the earth later in the form of dew. 2. At times, these acids remain in the clouds as fog. 3. In the rainy season, these acids dissolve completely with water & reach the surface of the earth along with rain. 19. Why is this rain called acid rain? In what form can it shower? A.1.The pH value of this rain water ranges from 1.5-5.0 which is characteristic feature of acidity. So it is called as acid rain. 2. Its not necessary that the acid should shower in the form of water. 3. It may be in the form of dew, fog or frost.

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20. How do wet acid rains shower? A. Sulphur dioxide & nitrogen oxide undergo chemical reactions & they hold on to water vapour in the atmosphere to shower as wet acid rains. 22. How do dry acid rains fall? A. If sulphur dioxide & nitrogen oxide undergo chemical reactions & hold on the dust particles, they convert themselves into nitrates & sulphur. These dust particles eventually to settle down on the earth & mix with the soil. These are called dry acid rains. 23. What is the effect of El-Nino? A.1. Its because of El-Nino that several countries in Africa & south-east asia suffer from scanty rainfall, drought & famines. 2. Its because of El-Nino that forests in Indonesia are ablaze, snow storms hit Canada floods create havoc in south & north America & the high summer heat scorches several places in our country. 4 Mark Questions: 24. What are called natural calamities? A. Natural calamities: (1) Earthquakes (2) Storms (3) Floods (4) Droughts and famines. (5) Heat waves, cold winds. (6) EI Nino and La Nino. (7) Tsunamis, etc. 25. What are the consequences of deforestation? (or) What happens if we destroy forests? A. Results of deforestation: (1) Rainfall decreases. (2) Soil is eroded. (3) Floods carry away the fertility of soils. (4) Underground water table goes down.

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(5) In the atmosphere, carbon dioxide increases and atmosphere gets hotter. (6) Economic development will be effected. 26. What should we do for promotion of afforestation? (or) What steps do you suggest to prevent deforestation? A. (1) Using bio-fuels for cooking instead of firewood. (2) Banning the use f plastic covers and their littering. (3) Encouraging the use of recycled paper to limit the cutting of trees. (4) Supporting and protecting the social forests. (5) Growing plants and trees in and around houses, schools, colonies and surroundings. 27. What are reasons for decreasing forest cover? A. The reasons for decreasing forest cover are: (1) Population growth. (2) Construction houses and industries. (3) Construction of dams and projects (4) Forest fires (5) Shifting of Jhumming cultivation etc. 28. Explain the fuel resources? A. Fuel resources are of two types: (1) Non-renewable: They are wood, coal, natural gas, petroleum etc. (2) Renewable: They are solar energy, wind energy, tidal energy etc. 29. Write about Green House effect? A. Green House Effect: (1) Green House gases like carbon dioxide, methane etc., warm up the earth. (2) When fossil fuel is burnt, some gases are released in the air and form as a layer at some height over the earth. (3) The earth receives a part of short wave solar radiation and sends back the major radiation into space I the form of radiation. (4) The green house gases that envelop the earth, trap the heat from the sun and increase the ground level temperature on the earths surface. (5) This is called Greenhouse effect..

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30. What are the causes for global warming? What steps should we take to prevent global warming? A. Causes for global warming: (1) Greenhouse gases (2) Population explosion (3) Growth of industries (4) Deforestation. Steps to prevent Global Warming: (1) Growing trees in vacant places. (2) Growing social forests and protect them. (3) Promoting phytoplankton plant species in marine water to reduce carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. (4) Reducing chloro fluro carbons to protect ozone layer. (5) Encourage vermi-compost and organic manures instead of chemical fertilizers and chemical pesticides. 31. What is ozone layer? What are its functions? A. Ozone layer: (1) Ozone layer is formed of ozone gas (which is produced due to the effect of Ultra-violet rays of the sun on the oxygen atoms in the stratosphere). (2) Ozone layer is shown by symbol O3. It is light green in colour. Its functions: (1) It shields the biosphere. (2) It stops the dangerous ultra-violet rays of the sun and protests the earth. 32. What happens if the ozone layer gets thin? A. If the ozone layer gets thin, ultra-violet rays reach the earth. Results: (1) Plants turn into a very easy prey for pests. (2) Human beings lose immunity and become prone to diseases. (3) Unicellular water plants die. (4) The food chain is broken and the eco system is destroyed. (5) Eye sight is effected and skin diseases occur.

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(6) Marine life is destroyed. 33. Explain acid rain? A. (1) Industries and vehicles release (emit) sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides. (2) These gases travel in the air and dissolve in rain wate. (3) They turn it into sulphuric acid and nitric acid and fall on the earth along with the rain. (4) This is called acid rain. 34. How do calamities occur? A. (1) Due to pollution. (2) Due to our carelessness in protecting environment. (3) Occupation of lake beds. (4) Blocking of rivers. (5) Cutting down of mangroves etc. 35. What do you do after the calamities already caused? A. (1) Sending warnings to the people. (2) Taking steps to prevent further loss of life. (3) preparing emergency plans. (4) Instructing the people to follow the warnings. 36. What are the results of global warming? A. The results of global warning: (1) The surface of the earth becomes warmth. (2) The snow at the poles melts. (3) Sea levels rise and low-lying coastal areas are submerged. (4) Sea waters enter rivers, forming salt water lagoons. (5) Changes in atmosphere occur and results untimely rains. (6) Lead to the birth of new viruses, bacteria etc. (7) Drought and famine conditions prevail. (8) The spread of diseases like malaria, dengue etc. 37. What happens if we destroy the forests? A. (1) Rainfall decreases. (2) Underground water table goes down.

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(3) Soil is eroded. (4) Floods carry away the fertile soil. (5) Percentage of carbon dioxide in the air increases and the atmosphere gets hotter. (6) When coastal mangroves are destroyed, natural calamities like tsunamis and floods cause havoc on land. 38. What should we do to prevent deforestation? A. (1) Limit the use of firewood and use bio fuels for cooking. (2) Save electricity. (3) Promote public transport. (4) Ban use of plastic covers and their littering. (5) Encourage the use of recycled paper so that you can limit the cutting of trees. 39. What are the problems of population increase? A. (1) Population increase has led to space shortage, water shortage and shortage of fresh air to breathe. (2) When water and air get polluted, diseases spring up. If we dont receive rains in time, crops dont grow. (3) As a result, villagers are forced to migrate to cities and look for a new means of livelihood. (4) With this increase in population, environmental problems also intensify. (5) While we are experiencing the problem of rural people migrating to cities, the rapid increase in house building activity within the urban areas has been causing another problem. (6) Villagers and towns are not growing according to a plan. (7) Due to limited space cities grow vertically. We fill them with apartments. There is no space for water to percolate into the ground. (8) When all the space is occupied by buildings and roads, how will the water flow or seep into the ground. So even with very less rainfall, floods occur in cities.

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40. Write a note on rehabilitation? A. (1) To help build these cities, we cut down trees, so, there is no rainfall in the rural areas. (2) Consequently, we suffer from drought and famine. (3) If we continue to conduct ourselves in this manner, several tanks, ponds and streams might even get totally dry. (4) In most of the towns and villages, we dont get adequate drinking water. We are forced to buy water. (5) Rehabilitation does not mean shifting people who are experiencing a problem to another place. (6) Rehabilitation means providing living conditions for permanent habitation at a place where there are no new problems. 41. Who first spoke about the Green House effect? Name the greenhouse Gases? A. (1) Jean Baptiste fourier, the French scientist, for the first time spoke about the Greenhouse effect in 1827. (2) Gases like carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), methane, etc. are called greenhouse is released. (3) They warm up the earth. When fossil fuel is burnt, carbon dioxide is released. 42. Explain the dangers of Global warming? A. (1) Because of the warming of the surface of the earth, the snow at the poles melts. Then the sea levels rise and low-lying coastal areas are submerged. (2) Sea waters enter rivers, forming saltwater lagoons. (3) There are atmospheric changes, resulting in untimely rains. Sudden rise and fall in temperature lead the birth of new viruses, bacteria and pathogens. Diseases like malaria, diarrhea and dengue spread. (4) In some countries, drought and famine conditions prevail, due to scarcity of water. 43. Describe the actions to take for prevention of global warming? A. (1) Grow trees in vacant places. Grow social forests and protect them.

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(2) Take steps to promote abundant growth of phytoplankton plant species in marine water. They reduce carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Then the warming of the earth is reduced. (3) Warming of the ozone layer also leads to global warming. So, take steps to reduce chlorofluorocarbons that destroy the ozone layer. (4) Restrain industries and motor vehicles that emit greenhouse gases such as CO2 and NO into the atmosphere. Fitting catalytic converters to vehicles separates nitric oxide into nitrogen and water. (5) Propagate the use of vermin-compost and organic manures instead of chemical fertilizers in agriculture. There is a need to convince farmers that they need to shift to the use of neem, garlic and chilli based pesticides instead of chemical pesticides. 44. What are the active causes for the thinning of ozone layer? A. (1) Nitrogen oxides are released from vehicles, industries and supersonic jet aero planes. These gases reach the stratosphere and weaken the ozone atoms and the ozone layer gets thin allowing harmful UV B rays to reach the ground level. (2) Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) are used in refrigerators, air conditioners, foam-blowers and aerosols. These are called freons. In fire extinguishers, halons are used. When CFC and halons are used, the gases released from them destroy the ozone atoms and ozone layer gets thin and harmful UV rays reach the earth. In their place, we now get substances that cause lesser damage to the ozone layer. We need to propagate the use of these alternatives and convince people of the seriousness of the problem. (3) We have been indiscriminately using chemical fertilizers and pesticides in cultivation for high yield. The CFC and methanes released from them contribute to the thinning of the ozone layer and harmful UV rays reach the earth. 45. What happens if the ozone layer gets thin? A. If the ozone layer weakens, the ultra-violet rays of the sun reach the earth.

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The following are the results: (1) Plants turn into a very easy prey for pests. (2) Unicellular water plants die. With that, the food chain is broken and the eco system is destroyed. (3) Human beings lose immunity and become prone to diseases. They suffer from skin diseases, including skin cancer. (4) Eye sight is affected and cataracts appear. (5) Marine life is destroyed. 46. What are acid rains? Why do they rain? A. (1) Robert Endurs spoke about acid rain in 1872. (2) Sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are released by factories and motor vehicles. (3) These gases travel thousands of kilometers in the air. (4) They dissolve in rainwater, turn it into sulphuric acid and nitric acid and fall on the earth along with the rains. (5) This is called acid rain. 47. Write the chemical reactions that take place in the air in the case of acid rains? A. The chemical reaction that take place in the air as follows. (A) (i) N2 + O2 --------1210c-1765c ----------------------- 2NO2 (ii) NO2 -------------------UV waves Sunlight 1100c----------- NO + ---Air---- O2 + O2 + O3 (iii) NO + O3 ----------------------------- NO2 + O2 (iv) NO2 + O3 -------------------UV waves Sunlight 1100c----------- NO3 + O2 (v) NO2 + NO3 -------------------------- N2 O5 (vi) N2 O5 + H2O -----------------2HNO3 Nitric acid (B) (i) SO2 +1/2 O2 -Hydrocarbons------------- SO3 (ii) SO3 + H2O -----Smoke particles------------------- H2SO4 Sulphuric acid (or) SO2 + 1/2 O2 + H2O ---------------------- H2SO4 48. Write the effect of acid rains on aquatic life? 101

A. (1) As the acidity of water on the earth increases, the aquatic life in the tanks and lakes is affected. (2) Microorganisms, fish and other aquatic life forms die in such water. (3) Similarly, the bacteria that disintegrates the algae living in the aquatic environment die, resulting in the breaking up of the food chain. 49. Describe the effect of acid rains on plants? A. (1) Photosynthesis in plants does not occur properly due to acid rains, resulting in yield reduction. Due to acid rains, several lakhs of acres of forest is destroyed. (2) Acid rain increases the acidity in the soil layers, making the land unfit for cultivation. (3) Due to this, the plants do not get proper nutrients like calcium, iron and magnesium and plant health is affected. (4) Valuable artefacts, statues, bridges, fencing wires, rail tracks and precious buildings also become victims of acid rain.

WARNING: Note1: This Material is Patent. Note2: Copy right @ is strictly prohibited according to the Law. Note3: This Material is Prepared by referring Previous Years Question Papers.

WRITTEN AND PREPARED BY : ARMAAN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE Free Lancer Trainer (Lecturer) MOHAMMED. FAYAZUDDIN. M.Sc, ( MicroBiology) Call Me : +91 9866051279. E-mail: fayaz379@yahoo.co.in

4. LETS WORK TOGETHER FOR A BETTER ENVIRONMENT

D. Lets work together for a better environment 102

1 MARK QUESTIONS: 1. What does Eco-friendly technology mean ? A. Eco-friendly technology means doing what we do in an environmentally conscious way, economizing on the use of natural resources in the production process. 2. What are the 3 categories of water ? A. (1) Drinking water (2) Rain water (3) Used water. 3. What is called mapping of biodiversity? A. (1) Identifying each plant and tree with a different colour and number for understanding the rich biodiversity of the of land. (2) This is called mapping of biodiversity. 4. Explain CNG? A. (1) CNG means compressed natural gas. (2) It is colourless, odourless and a mixture of hydrocarbons. (3) It is a environment friendly fuel. 5. How do you promote nature friendly lifestyle ? A. (1) By having knowledge of consumer rights. (2) By purchasing good eco friendly products. (3) Preventing the use of adulteration of food. 4 Mark Questions: 6. Mention some environmental conscious ways? (or) What steps / measures you suggest to protect environment? A. Environmental conscious ways: (1) Control the population growth rate. (2) Using natural fertilizers instead of chemical fertilizers. (3) Nurturing dryland crops and follow strip cropping methods. (4) Using sun and wind energy. (5) Reusing the waste material. (6) Practicing eco-friendly methods. 7. As a student, what do you do to reduce air pollution in the school? A. To reduce air pollution:

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(1) I go to school by bus instead of my own vehicle. (2) I use a bicycle t reach the school. (3) I grow plants and protect them. (4) I prepare a policy for the school to reduce air pollution. (5) I always open windows for fresh air and good ventilation 8. Explain Biodiversity conservation plan? A. (1) Biodiversity conservation plan should contain timings and frequency of watering plants and trees and places to provide water for birds and animals. (2) It includes producing organic fertilizer from the fallen leaves of the same trees. (3) These trees and plants will reduce heat, give fresh air and also provide shelter to different kinds of animals and birds. 9. How do you save power in schools? A. To save power in schools: (1) I switch off lights and fans when their use is not necessary. (2) I use compact fluroscent lamps. (3) I hold an energy audit to findout wasteful expenditure of energy. (4) I use solar lanterns. (5) I open the windows for good ventilation and fresh air. 10. What are the five important aspects of waste management in the school environment? (or) How do you reuse the waste? A. (1) Reducing waste (2) Reusing waste (3) Recycling waste (4) Recovering from the waste (5) Refusing to use litter generating products. 11. How do you choose the right products? A. (1) Before buying anything, I check where and when it was produced. (2) Before buying biscuits or chocolates, I look for the ISI label. (3) Before buying cakes, papad, pickles and fruit juices I look for FFO stamp.

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(4) I observe the eco-mark label for consumer foods. (5) I observe Agmark label for agriculture products like oils and ghee etc 12. Explain chipko movement? A. Chipko Movement: (1) It was a movement against cutting of trees. (2) In April, 1973, some toy making industry people tried to cut a tree in the village Gopeswar in the Chamoli district of Uttraranchal. (3) A village woman embraced the trees and asked them to wield their axe on her, but not on the trees. (4) When some more people tried to cut Ashoka trees, the villagers hugged the trees to prevent them from being cut down. (5) Sunderlal Bahuguna infused life into the Chipko movement and raised its importance internationally. 13. Why are several life forms becoming extinct? A. (1) With the development of science and technology, heavy pressure has built up on the use of natural resources. (2) Shortsightedly and indiscriminately, we are exhausting the natural resources that belong to the future generations. (3) As a result, several life forms are becoming extinct. 14. What should we do to achieve sustainable development? A. (1) Keep a check on population growth. (2) Resort to and nature dryland crops and strip cropping methods. (3) Use cattle dung, organic fertilizers, neem oil, etc, as pesticides and fertilizers. (4) Take care that natural resources are not degraded when fuels like coal, petrol, diesel and such others are extracted from the mines. (5) Use sun and wind energy wherever possible. (6) Shift from the idea of throwing away the waste to the idea of reuse of the waste. (7) Practice eco-friendly methods. (8) Strictly enforce Environmental policies and laws.

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15. What should we do to conserve birds? A. (1) We should leave water, seeds and fruits in bowls or vessels for birds that live in nests. These insects may be in different parts of the school building and on trees. (2) We can even hang these containers in the school compound, verandah or to a tree. (3) We could even put leftovers from our lunch box in them. (4) Different kinds of birds come to partake the food and build nests on the trees of our school. Once we begin doing this activity, we will form a habit to provide shelter to birds. 16. How do you do biodiversity budgeting? A. (1) We have already identified the location of trees and plants in your school. This will make us a aware of the places that have greenery and other vacant spots on the school land. (2) To go in for bio-diversity budgeting, we require some more information like the height of each tree, its spread and the shade it gives. (3) We should know about the flowers and fruits that a tree yields. To do this, we can count the number of different varieties of trees and plants in our school. (4) We give a different code or number to each kind. While budgeting, we can count the nests of birds on the trees and also note down the kinds of birds that come and perch on them everyday. (5) In order to know the area occupied by a tree, we draw a circle around the tree and measure it. This activity will give us an idea about the kinds of trees, birds, grass plants and worms that survive on our school campus. (6) Not only we will come to know of their number and king, but will also understand what we should do to preserve their existence. 17. How can we put wastes to good use? A. (1) Clean surroundings are necessary for good health. (2) However, modern lifestyle and habits are resulting in the generation of piles of waste all around us.

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(3) Waste that is produced in our houses, hostels, railway and bus stations is gathering everywhere and spreading diseases. (4) Waste spreads unbearable stink all around. Thus, the material that we have used and then disposed brings back ill health to us. (5) We must realize that there are some kinds of wastes that need not be discarded. (6) They could be recycled and reused. (7) Leaves, grass and biowaste can be utilized as fertilizers. Lets have a look at the kinds of waste generated in our school. (8) Let us work together to bring down the waste levels in the school. 18. What should you do whenever you purchase any item in the market? A. (1) Before I buy anything, I shall ascertain where it was produced and when. (2) I shall look for the ISI label before I buy biscuits or chocolates. (3) I look for the FPO stamp before I buy cakes, papad, fruit juices or pickles. (4) I observe the ecomark label for consumer goods and Agmark label before I buy agriculture products including oils and ghee. (5) Before I fill in petrol /.diesel, at petrol pumps I shall find out whether the fuel has been tested on that day. 19. When is the protection of environment possible? Discuss. A. (1) Soil, water, air, animals, birds, plants and trees are not anybodys property. (2) This is the collective property bestowed on us by nature. We use the natural resources to produce many things. Some of them are our own, while others are public property. (3) Village tanks, ponds, vegetable markets, bus stands, railway stations, temples, schools and colleges are public property and are used by all. (4) Everyone should join hands to protect them. Its not a single individuals jobs. (5) Only when we collectively take up the tasks like growing trees beside roads, providing drainage or keeping the surroundings of the public tap in our colony clean, can we be successful.

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(6) This is a collective responsibility. Protection of the environment is possible only if all of us join hands together. 20. What are the uses of Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)? A. (1) Destruction of natural resources affects our health. Growing number of vehicles increases the release of harmful gases. (2) The use of natural gas as an alternative clean fuel has started recently. (3) If vehicles using natural gas as an alternative clean fuel has started recently. (4) Compressed natural gas (CNG) is colourless, odourless and lighter than air. It is a mixture of hydrocarbons. (5) It is a less polluting and thus environment-friendly fuel. (6) Delhi is the only city in world, where vehicles are plying on CNG. (7) Air pollution in Delhi has come down after the use of CNG and the load of harmful gases that mix with the air has reduced. (8) If use our fuel resources competently, we may still find a way out of the mess of air pollution. 21. Describe the success of Chipko Movement? A. (1) Though the cutting of trees has not completely stopped, the process has been slowed down. (2) The movement exposed the misdeeds of an industry which resorted to deforestation in the name of development. (3) The movement also proved that unity of people and peoples participation is essential to protect natural resources. It also inspired the residents to work together in such tasks.

********************** THE END**************************

Iam Thankful.. To My Parents, Teachers, Friends, Schools Management, Staff and Students. Who Encouraged Me To Prepare This Exam Material..
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WISH U ALL THE BEST FOR YOUR FUTURE

SSC BIOLOGY EXAM MATERIAL..... 2001 2010.

INCLUDING ENVIRONMENT SCIENCE EDUCATION SOLVED OBJECTIVE & IMPORTANT QUESTIONS.EDITION-----No.2 WARNING: Note1: This Material is Patent. Note2: Copy right @ is strictly prohibited according to the Law. Note3: This Material is Prepared by referring Previous Years Question Papers. Note4: INCLUDING ENVIRONMENT SCIENCE EDUCATION SOLVED OBJECTIVE & IMPORTANT QUESTIONS.EDITION-----No.2 WRITTEN AND PREPARED BY : ARMAAN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE Free Lancer Trainer (Lecturer) MOHAMMED. FAYAZUDDIN. M.Sc, ( MicroBiology) Call Me : +91 9866051279. E-mail: fayaz379@yahoo.co.in

LAST BREATH What do you need most at this every moment! A Good education? A Good job ? A carrier ? money? Every individual sense out goes and are important him or her. 109

Some are short term and others long, Yet not one of . these need as important as one Blessing you posses at every moment..! BREATHING It has been 39 sec. since this film began, if you had been unable to breath for 39 sec.,You would given all you own in order to able to breath again! In an other minute or so you would have loss consciousness, Brain death follow in another 2 or 3 minutes and your life would be an END! From those around ,I hear a cry , An awful soft A Hopeless sigh. I hear their footsteps leaving slow and then I know my Soul must Fly! A chilly wind Begins to blow Within my soul from head to toe andthen the last Breath escapes my lips, its time to leave( then I must go.) So its true But its too late.They said each soul soul has its given date.When it must leave its body coreAnd meet with its Eternal Fate.!Ah.Ah..Ah.. Ah.Ah.Ah OH! MARKS THE WORDS THAT I DO SAY Who knows tomorrow could be your day.At last its come to. HEAVEN OR HELL Decide which now , Do not delay Come on my brothers Lets us pray!Decide which now , Do not delay Come on my brothers Lets us pray!Ah.Ah..Ah. Ah.Ah.Ah Oh God! Oh God! I cannot see, my eyes are blind and Am I still me? or has my soul ..Been led astrayAnd Forced to pay A priceless Fee! Ah.Ah..Ah.Ah.Ah.Ah Alas! to Dust We all return And shall Rejoice while others BURN IF ONLY I KNEW THAT BEFORE The line grew shortAnd came my turn.. And Now as Beneath the Soil. They lay me with my RECORD FLAWED They cry not knowing , that I cried worse For they Go Home, I Face My God. Ah.Ah..Ah.. Ah.Ah.Ah OH! MARKS THE WORDS THAT I DO SAY Who knows tomorrow could be your day. At last its come to. HEAVEN OR HELL Decide which now , Do not delay Come on my brothers Lets us pray! Decide which now , Do not delay Ah.Ah..Ah.. Ah.Ah.Ah THANK YOU..

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