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1984 completo Book One, Chapters 1-2 1. What bothers Winston?his varicose ulcer above his right ankle. 2. What is wrong with his society?the Thought Police are always watching them 3. What are the three slogans of the Inner Party?War is Peace,Freedom is Slavery, Ignorance is Strength 4. What are the four ministries?Ministries of Truth, Plenty, Love, and Peace. 5. What items are written in italics?doublethink, the book, Thought crime and vaporized 6. How does the Two Minute Hate work?its where the party gathers and listens to the telescreen and Goldstein is talking and they talk about whats going on in the Party and things that have changed. 7. What happens to Winston during the chant?during the chant Winston joins in with the crowd 8. What happens between OBrien and Winston?during the two minute hate they make eye contact and Winston feels like O'Brien is on the same level as him. 9. During the film (p. 11), how did the audience react?the audience gives hisses and a girl gave a squeak of mingled fear and disgust. 10. What is "thought crime"?the essential crime that contained all others in itself 11. What are the Thought Police?the police of Oceania and mainly the police of the Party 12. Who are the Parsons and what do they represent?they are Winston's neighbors 13. How do the Parsons children behave?the children behave like spies and they run around Winston yelling criminal because they think he's a traitor and they're threatening him to vaporize him 14. What is Winston's dream about OBrien?Winston dreams about walking through a pitch dark room and someone sitting to one side of him and said as he had passes:"We shall meet in the place where there is no darkness." it was said very quietly, almost casually-a statement, not a command. he had walked on without pausing. 15. What is announced on the news? (p. 25) "Attention! Your attention, please! A newsflash has this moment arrived from the Malabar front. Our forces in South India have won a glorious victory. i am authorized to say that the action we are now reporting may well bring the war within measurable distance of its end.-Here is the newsflash-" Book One, Chapters 3-4 1. What is Winstons dream about his mother? How does he feel about himself in that dream?his dream was about his mother sitting in some place deep down beneath him, with his little sister in her arms, which he didn't remember at all. they were down in a some kind of subterranean place-in a sinking ship, looking up at him through the darkening water. there was still air in the saloon, they could still see him and he could see them, but they were still sinking and soon he wouldn't be able to see them. they were down there because he was up here. they had to die for him to stay alive. it struck Winston that his mothers death, nearly thirty years ago, had been tragic and sorrowful in a way that was no longer possible. 2. What is his dream about the "Golden Country"?he was standing on a springy turf, on a summer evening when the rays of the sun gilded the ground. the landscape that he was looking at recurred so often that his dreams that he was never fully certain whether or not he had seen it in the real world. he called this the golden country. the dream was about him at this place and there was a girl with dark hair and every movement she took off her clothes and her body was white but he was not desired to it.what overwhelmed him was admiration for the gesture with which she had thrown her clothes off, with its grace and carelessness it seemed to destroy a whole culture, system of thought, as though Big Brother and the Party and the Though Police could all be swept to nothingness. 3. What does he remember about the big events of the past? Bombs? Past Wars?he remembered the details of incidents without being able to recapture their atmosphere, and there were long blank periods to which you could assign nothing.everything had been different then. he couldn't remember a time when his country wasn't at war, but it was evident that there was a time of peace during his childhood, because 1 of his earliest memories was an air raid, perhaps it was the time when the atomic bomb had fallen on Colchester. he didn't remember it exactly but he remembered his dads hand clutching his own as they went into a basement type structure. in there was an old man who kept saying to not have trusted the buggers, and Winston thought they took his granddaughter.

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4. Explain the Party slogan, "Who controls the past controls the future; who controls the present controls the past."Control of the past ensures control of the future, because the past can be treated essentially as a set of conditions that justify or encourage future goals: if the past was ideal, then people will act to re-create it; if the past was scary, then people will act to prevent such things which it claims to have liberated the human race, thus compelling people to work toward the Partys goals. The Party has complete political power in the present, enabling it to control the way in which its subjects think about and interpret the past: every history book reflects Party ideology, and individuals are forbidden from keeping mementos of their own pasts, such as photographs and documents. As a result, the citizens of Oceania have a very short, fuzzy memory, and are willing to believe anything that the Party tells them. 5. What does he know about the legends concerning Big Brother?Big Brother was figured as the leader and guardian of the Revolution since its very earliest days. his exploits had been gradually pushed backwards in time until already they extended into the fabulous world of the forties and thirties, when the capiltilista in their strange cylindrical hats still rode through the streets of London in great gleaming motor cars or carriages with glass sides. there was no knowing how much of this legend was true and how much was invented. 6. Describe Winstons job.in the walls of the cubicle there were 3 orifices. to the right of the speakwire, a small pneumatic tube for written messages; to the left, a larger one for newspapaers; and in the side wall, within easy reach, oblong slits protected by wire grating, for the disposal of waste paper, called memory holes. if it needed to be destructed you had to slip it into the memory hole. 7. How is the past controlled?the past is controlled by the workers, they dialed "back numbers" on the telescreen and called for the appropiate issues of the times, which slid out of the tube and then the workers had to alter them.then when finished, put the article in the tube and sent it back then put the original message and any notes into the memory holes. 8. What special literature, music, and entertainment is produced for the proletariat (proles)?produced was rubbishy newspapers, containing almost nothing except sport, crime, and astrology, sensational 5 cent noveltees, films oozing with sex, and sentimental songs which were composed entirely by mechanical means on a special kind of kaleidoscope known as a versicator. 9. How does Winston feel about his work? What sort of "creativity" is involved?Winston's greatest pleasure in life was his work most of it was tedious routine, but included in it there were also jobs so difficult and intricate that you could lose yourself in them as in the depths of a mathematical problem. he was good at this kind of thing. 10. What is the significance of Comrade Ogilvy?he had recently died in battle and there were occasions when big brother devoted his order for the day to commemorating some humble, rank and file Party member whose life and death he held up as an example worthy to be followed. today he should commemorate Comrade Ogilvy. it was true that there was no such person as he, but a few lines of print and a couple of faked photographs would soon bring him into existence. Book One, Chapters 5-7 1. What is the problem with obtaining razor blades?there had been a famine of them for months past. at any given moment there was some necessary article which the Party shops were unable to supply. 2. What is revealed about Inner Party philosophy in the discussion between Winston and Syme?whats revealed is that Syme tells Winston about how the dictionary is decreasing year by year and Newspeak is the future language of the world. 3. Why does Winston feel that Syme will be vaporized?he will be vaporized because he is too intelligent and he sees too clearly and speaks to plainly. the party does not like such people. one day he will disappear, its in his face. 4. Parsons brags about his children for doing what?he brags about his little girl how she was on a hike with her troop and followed a man with two other girls and kept on his tail for 2 hours and handed him over to the patrols. she spotted him wearing unusual clothes and he brags about her being smart for a nipper. 5. What is the significance of the telescreen announcement? (p. 51) 6. What are Winstons feelings about the present time after he hears the cheerful announcement on the telescreen?has it always been like this? had food always tasted like this? he looked around the canteen. described its nasty features and says how in your stomach there was a protest, a feeling that you have been cheated out of that you ad the right to. tis true, he had no memories of anything different. and it was like one's heart sickened at the discomfort and dirt and scarcity, the interminable winters, the stickiness of ones socks, the lifts that never worked, the cold

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water, the gritty soap, the cigarettes that came to pieces, the food with its strange evil tastes? why should one feel it to be intolerable unless one had some kind of ancestral memory that things had once been different? 7. Winston predicts that certain people will be vaporized and that certain people will never be vaporized. Who? Why?Mrs. parsons would be vaporized because of her wispy hair and dust in the creases of her face. Syme would be vaporized. Winston would be vaporized. O'Brien would be vaporized. Parsons would never be vaporized. the eyeless creature with the quacking voice would never be vaporized. the little beetle like men who scuttled so nimbly through the labyrinthine corridors of ministries-they too wouldn't e vaporized. and the girl with the dark hair, would never be vaporized either. 8. What is the purpose of marriage in the state?the purpose of marriage was to beget children for the service of the Party. Sexually intercourse was to be looked on as a slightly disgusting minor operation, like having enema. this again was never put into plain words, but in an indirect was it was rubbed into every Party member from childhood onwards. the party was trying to kill the sex instinct. 9. What do Winstons memories about visiting a prostitute reveal about his attitudes towards sex in Oceania?and what he wanted more even to be loved, was to break down that wall of virtue, even if it were only once in his whole life. the sexual act, successfully performed, was rebellion. 10. How does Winston view the proles?says that if they could somehow become conscious of their own strength,would have no need to conspire. they needed to rise up and shake themselves like a horse shaking off flies. if they chose they could blow the Party to pieces tomorrow morning. surely sooner or later it must occur to them to do it. 11. How are the proles controlled (prole control)?to keep the proles in control was not difficult. so long as they continued to work and breed, their other activities were without importance. left to themselves, like cattle turned loose upon the plains of Argentina, they had reverted to a style of life that appeared to be natural to them, a sort of ancestral pattern.they were born, grew up in the gutters, went to work at twelve, passed through a brief period of beauty and sexual desire, married at twenty, middle aged at thirty, died at sixty. police moved among them occasionally and removed individuals who were capable of being dangerous. 12. What lies/half-truths does the Party teach about history?it might be true that the average human was better off now than before the revolution. the only evidence to the contrary was your own instinctive feeling. the telescreens would say that life now was better than before and we have more than we ever had but for all we know it could be the total opposite but we will never know because the past was erased. 13. Winston suspects that the Party lies about progress made since the war. What Party claims does he doubt?for all he knew there might never have been any such law as the jus primae noctis, or any such creature as a capitalist, or any such garment as a top hat. everything faded. the past was erased, the erasure was forgotten, the life became truth. 14. What is the story of Aaronson, Jones and Rutherford?these three men were the among the last survivors who were arrested in 1965. they vanished for a year or more. then they came back and confessed to many crimes and all had written long articles in the times telling the reasons for their defections and promising to make amends. 15. Why is this story so meaningful for Winston?it is so meaningful to Winston because the point was that at both trials all three men had confessed that on that date they had been on Eurasian soil. how could they be at two places at once. the date had stuck in Winston's memory because it chanced to be midsummer day. but the whole story must be on record in countless other places as well. there was only one possible conclusion:the confessions were lies. 16. What is Winstons unanswered question?i understand HOW: i do not understand WHY. Book One, Chapter 8 1. Why does Winston go off on his own? What activities is he missing out on?he came out of the ministry because the balminess of the April air had tempted hi. the sky was a warmer blue than he had seen in that year, and he was missing out on the long noise evening at the center, the boring, exhausting games, the lectures, creaking camaraderie oiled by gin which was intolerable. 2. What is life like in the proles end of London? in the proles they have cobbled streets of little 2 story houses with battered doorways which gave straight on the pavement and which were somehow curiously suggestive of rat holes. puddles of filthy water here and there. in and out of the dark doorways, and down narrow alleyways that branched off on either side, people swarmed in

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astonishing numbers-girls in full bloom, with lipstick and youths who chased the girls and swollen waddling women who showed what the girls would look like in ten years.ragged barefoot children who played in the filthy puddles which scattered at the yells of their mothers. lot of windows in the street were broken and boarded up. 3. What does Winston think about after his conversation with the old man in the pub?" was life better before the revolution than it is now?" would have ceased once and for all to be answerable. but it effect it was unanswerable even now, since the few scatted survivors from the ancient world were incapable of comparing one age with another. that remembered a million useless things, a quarrel with a workmate, a hunt for a lost bicycle pump, the expression on the long-dead sisters face, the swirls of dust on a windy morning seventy years ago; but all the relevant facts were outside the range of their vision. they were like the ant, which could see small objects but not large ones. and when their memory's failed and written documents were falsified-the claim of the party to have improved the conditions of human life had got to be accepted, because there did not exist, and never again could exist, any standard again being tested. 4. What does Winston discover at Mr. Charringtons shop?a round, smooth thing that gleamed softly in the lamplight, and he picked it up. it was a heavy lump of glass, curved on one side, flat on the other, making almost a hemisphere. there was a peculiar softness, as of rainwater, in both the color and the texture of the glass. at the heart of it, magnified by the curved surface, there was a strange, pink, convoluted object that recalled a rose or a sea anemone(coral). 5. What is Mr. Charrington like?he was a man of perhaps 60, frail, bowed, with a long, benevolent nose, and mild eyes distorted by thick spectacles. his hair was almost white but his eyebrows were bushy and still black. his spectacles, his gentle, fussy movements, and the fact that he was wearing an aged jacket of black velvet, gave him a vague air of intellectuality, as thought he had been some kind of literary man, or perhaps a musician. his voice was soft, as though faded, and his accent less debased than that of the majority of proles. 6. What does Winston think when he sees the dark-haired girl outside Mr. Charringtons shop?for an instance he was too paralyzed to move. then he turned to the right and walked heavily away, not noticing for the moment that he was going in the wrong direction. at any rate, one question was settled. there was no doubting that she was spying on him. she followed him here and probably was at the pub. 7. How does ones own body betray a person? 8. Why does Winston wonder about church bells ringing in London? it was curious but when you said it to yourself you had the illusion of actually hearing bells, the bells of a lost London that still existed somewhere or other, disguised and forgotten. From one ghostly steeple after another he seemed to hear them pealing forth. yet so far as he could remember he had never in real life heard church bells ringing. Book Two, Chapter 1 1. How does Winston react to the note from Julia before he reads it?he thought it must have been some kind of political meaning. there were two possibilities. one of them was that she was an agent of the thought police and the paper could've been a threat, a summons, an order to commit suicide, a trap of some description. and the other was that she was from an underground organization. perhaps of the brotherhood. but he still thought it meant death. 2. How does Winston react to the note after he reads it?for seconds after reading it he was stunned and couldn't even throw it away. he had to read it again to make sure the word were really there. the the sight of those words, the desire to stay alive had welled up in him, and the taking of minor risks suddenly seemed stupid. it was not till twenty three hours when he was in bed in the dark, safe from the telescreen and he was able to think continuously. 3. How do they manage to meet?they manage to meet in the canteen and then arranged to meet in Victory Square 4. Describe the "parade" in Victory Square. Why does the Inner Party provide the spectacle for the proles? For the Outer Party members?everyone was running across the square and they were headed because Eurasian prisoners was passing. a long line of trucks, with wooden faces guards armed with submachine guns standing upright in each corner, was passing slowly down the street. in the trucks little yellow men in shabby greenish uniforms were squatting, jammed close together. at the start there had been a few boos and hisses, but it came only from the party members among the crowd, and had soon stopped. Book Two, Chapter 2

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1. Why is Winston ill at ease once he is alone with Julia?his was first relieved , but he watched the strong slender body moving in front of him, with the scarlet sash that was just tight enough to bring out the curve of her hips, the sense of his own inferiority was heavy upon him. 2. What does Julia bring with her that she has obtained on the black market?a slab of chocolate, dark and shiny, and wrapped in silver paper. 3. What is Julias philosophy? (More about his in chapter 3)I'm good at games. i was a troop leader in the Spies. i do voluntary work three evenings a week for the junior anti sex league. hours and hours I've spent pasting their bloody rot all over London. i always carry one end of a banner in the processions. i always look cheerful and i never shirk anything. always yell with the crowd, thats what i say. its the only way to be safe. 4. What familiar sign does Winston find?the place that their at is exactly like his dream of the "Golden Country" 5. What is the significance of the thrush music?but by the degrees of the flood of music drove all speculations out of his mind. it was as though it were a kind of liquid stuff that poured all over him and got mixed up with the sunlight that filtered through the leaves. he stopped thinking and merely felt. their mouths clung together; it was quited different from the hard kisses from earlier. when they moved their faces apart again both of them sighed deeply. 6. What does Winston mean when he says that he loves Julia all the more because she has had scores of sexual encounters?he means he loves it more because that means that more Party members are committing crimes. 7. Compare/contrast this to the situation in a related novel, Brave New World by Aldous Huxley. Book Two, Chapter 3 1. How and where do Julia and Winston meet?the belfry of a ruined church in an almostdeserted stretch of country where an atomic bomb had fallen 30 years earlier. it was a good hiding place when you got there, but getting there was dangerous. 2. What is Julias job?she worked on the novel writing machines in the fiction department. she enjoyed her work, which consisted chiefly in running and servicing a powerful but tricky electric motor. she was "not clever", but was fond of using her hands and felt at home with machinery. 3. What is her background?she had a grandfather who she remember always talked about the days before the revolution and he disappeared when she was 8. she was captain of the hockey team at school, and won gymnastics 2 years running. she was a troop leader in the Spies and had a branch secretary in the youth league before joining the jr anti sex league. she had always borne an excellent character. she had even been picked to work in Pornosec, the sub-section of the fiction department.she had her first love affair at age 16with a party member who committed suicide to avoid arrest. 4. What is her attitude toward the Inner Party?she seemed to think that the inner party wanted to rob you of your pleasures as that you should wasn't to avoid being caught. she hated the party, and said so in the crudest words, but she made no general criticism of it. except where it touched upon her own life. she never heard of the brotherhood and refused to believe in its existence. any kind of organized revolt against the Party, which was bound to be a failure, struck her as stupid. 5. Describe Winstons marriage.Winston's marriage was weird. his wifes body would stiffen as soon as he touched her, the way in which she still seemed to be pushing him from her with all her strength, even when her arms were clasped tightly round him. he hated how she called making love "our duty to the party". 6. What do Winston and Julia disagree about? when you make love you're using up energy; and afterwards you feel happy and don't give a damn for anything. they cant bear you to feel like that. they want you to be bursting with energy all the time. all this marching up and won and cheering and waving flags is simply sex gone sour. if you're happy inside yourself, why should you get excited about big brother and three year plans and the two minute hates and all the rest of the bloody rot. Book Two, Chapter 4 1. How does Winston react to the singing prole woman?he had said that the woman sang so tunefully as to turn the dreadful rubbish into an almost pleasant sound. 2. What pleasures of the senses are mentioned in this chapter? What is Orwells point in mentioning them? (Also, notice the difference between the dystopian society in Brave New World and that in 1984 regarding gratification of the senses.)touch;hands meeting, hear; woman singing,

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smell;the aroma of the coffee and goodies, taste; the milk and coffee, sight; beauty of London and Julia. he mentioned this because he wanted us to imagine it. 3. What is Winstons reaction to rats? Julias reaction?Winston hates them and Julia is more calm about them. 4. Winston is interested in the church bells that once played in the city even though he is not religious. What do church bells mean to him? he thinks that they speak in their rhythm. 5. Winston sees the coral paper weight as a symbol of what?the paperweight was in the room he was in, and the coral was Julia's life and his own, fixed i a sort of eternity at the heart of the crystal. Book Two, Chapter 5-6 1. Who has vanished?Syme 2. Describe the preparations for Hate Week. In what ways does the Inner Party excel in building spirit?the staffs for all the ministries were working overtime. processions, meetings, military parades, lectures, waxwork displays, film shows, telescreen programs all had to be organized; stands had to be erected, effigies built, slogans coined, songs written, rumors circulated, photographs faked. Julia's job had to rush out a series of pamphlets. altering and embellishing news items which were to be quoted in speeches. the new tune "hate song" had already been composed and plugged on the telescreens. 3. Julia and Winston have some differences. Explain them.Winston could remember things of his childhood and Julia didn't. he told her the magnificent story of the Jones, Aaronson, and Rutherford and she seemed to have no interest.she wasn't interested in the next generation all she was interested in was him and her. she had no interest in the party doctrine as Winston did. if she didn't like what he was talking about, she just fell asleep. 4. What finally convinces Winston that OBrien is a member of the Brotherhood?there was only one meaning that the episode could possibly ave. it had been contrived as a way of letting Winston know O'Brien's address. but at any rate, one thing was certain. the conspiracy that he had dreamed of did exist, and he had reached the outer edges of it. Book Two, Chapter 7 1. What does Winston remember about his family and his relationship with his mother?he remember that his father had disappeared and he had a mother and a little sister which he lived with. his mother would always take care of his sister and Winston was a little greedy boy who always demanded more food than his mother had given. she had always tried to give him enough, but to him that wasn't enough. he always wanted more. very occasionally she would take him in her arms without saying anything. he was aware in spite of his youthfulness and selfishness, that this was somehow connected with the never mentioned thing that was about to happen. 2. What does Winston realize about love and loyalty as a result of his dream?he had realized that his mother had possessed a kind of nobility, a kind of purity; simply because the standards she obeyed were private ones. her feelings were her own, and could not be altered from outside. if you loved someone, you loved him, and when you had nothing else to give, you still gave him love. when the last of the chocolate was gone the mother knew there was nothing else she can do. 3. What is the difference between confession and betrayal?confession is not betrayal. what you say or do doesn't matter; only feelings matter. of they could make me stop loving you-that would be the real betrayal. Book Two, Chapter 89 (through p. 151) 1. Contrast the living quarters and style of the Inner Party members with those of the Outer Party members and proles.the inner party had the power to turn off the telescreen; the richness of the dark-blue carpet gave one the impression of trading velvet. they had nicer homes with better food and drinks. in the outer party it isn't clean and they don't have to power to turn off the telescreens. also they didn't have nice food and drinks. 2. How does OBrien test Julia and Winston?he tests them by asking them a bunch of questions which are life and death just to be in the brotherhood and they accept to all except one which is to separate and Julia says no and then he said you did well to tell me. you need to tell us everything. 3. What information does OBrien give them about the Brotherhood?he tells them that they will fighting in the dark. they will receive orders and obey them, without knowing why. he will

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send them a book and they have to return in it 14 days. he couldn't tell them how many people the brotherhood consisted of. when they are caught, they will have to confess, its unavoidable. you wont be able to recognize anyone from the brotherhood and they cant recognize you. Goldstein couldn't even give a list of members or any such that would lead to a list. no list exists. the brotherhood cannot be wiped out because it is not an organization. nothing holds it together except an idea which is indestructible. you will work for a while, get caught, confess, and die. our only true life is in our future. 4. How will OBrien get The Book to Winston?in the future one of the messages among your mornings work will contain a misprinted word, and you will have to ask for a repeat. on the following day you will go to work without your briefcase. at sometime during the day, in the street, a man will touch you on the arm and say " i think you have dropped your briefcase" the one he gives you will contain the book. return it within fourteen days. 5. What are the ways in which the Inner Party builds spirit during Hate Week? Book Two, Chapter 9, The Book (p. 151-164) 1. Why does Orwell include detailed passages from Goldsteins Book in 1984?so we can know what was in the book was information that we had already known but that now we realize what the truth was. 2. Notice that Orwell repeats the first paragraph of The Book on p. 152 and p. 166. Why would Orwell repeat himself in that way? What is the purpose?because Julia had came in and he wanted to show her what was in the book. 3. What three classes of people have always existed? (p. 152)high(Inner), Middle(outer), and low(proles) 4. In What ways have these three classes changed? (p. 152)they have borne countless names different names, and their relative numbers, as well as their attitude toward one another, have varied from age to age. 5. What is the purpose of war in the world of 1984?it was a warfare of limited aims between combatants who are unable to destroy one another, have no material cause for fighting, and are not divided by any genuine ideological difference. 6. What are the two aims of the Party?the two aims were double think and to use up the products of the machine without raising the general standard of living. 7. What are the two problems with which the Party is concerned?the search for new weapons continues unceasingly and is one of the very few remaining activities in which the inventive or speculative type of mind can find any outlet. also, science, in the old sense, seized to exist. the empirical method of thought, on which all the scientific achievements of the past were founded, is opposed to the most fundamental principles of Ingsoc. 8. Why do all three superpowers forbit their citizens from associating with foreigners?if they were allowed contact with foreigners he would discover that they are creatures similar to himself and that most of what he has been told about them is lies. the sealed world in which he lives would be broken, and the fear, hatred, and self-righteousness on which his morale depends might evaporate. 9. The governments of the three superpowers are alike in essence even though their forms of government have different names. Identify these similarities and explain why they exist?in Oceania the prevailing philosophy is called Ingsoc, in Eurasia it is called Neo-Bolshevism, and in Eastasia it is called by a Chinese name usually translated as Death Worship, but perhaps better rendered as Obliteration of the Self. Actually the 3 philosophies are barely distinguishable, and the social systems which they support are not distinguishable at all.everywhere there is the same pyramidal structure, the same worship of a semi-divine leader, the same economy existing by and for continuous warfare. it follows that the three super states not only cannot conquer one another, but would gain no advantage by doing so. 10. What is the real "war" (p. 164) fought in each of the three governments? Your answer will explain the party slogan, "War is Peace."the war is merely an imposture. it is like the battles between certain ruminant animals whose horns are set at such an angle that they are incapable of hurting one another. war is now a purely internal affair. in the past, the ruling groups of all countries, although they might recognize their common interest and therefore limit the destructiveness of war, did fight against one another, and the victor always plundered the vanquished.a peace that was truly permanent would be the same as a permanent war. 11. What are the aims of the three groups? (p. 166-167)the aims of the high is to remain where they are. the aim of the middle is to change places with the high. the aim of the low, when they have an aim-for it is an abiding characteristic of the Low that they are too much crushed by drudgery

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to be more than intermittently conscious of anything outside there daily lives-is to abolish all distinctions and create a society in which all men shall be equal. 12. What changes in the pattern occurred in the nineteenth century?then there arose schools of thinkers who interpreted history as a cyclical process and claimed to show that inequality was the unalterable law of the human life. this doctrine, of course, had always had its adherents, but in the manner in which it was now put forward there was a significant change. 13. How did socialism change in the twentieth century?the new movements which appeared in the middle years of the century, Ingsoc in Oceania, Neo-Bolshevism in Eurasia, Death Worship in Eastasia, had the conscious aim of perpetuating unfreedom and inequality. these new movements, of course, grew out of the old ones and tended to keep their names and pay lip-service to their ideology. but the purpose of all of them was to arrest progress and freeze history at a chosen moment. 14. Why are the rulers in the twentieth century better at maintaining power than earlier tyrants?the tyrannies of the past were half hearted and inefficient. the ruling groups were always infected to some extent by liberal ideas, and were content to leave loose ends everywhere, to regard only the overt act, and to be uninterested in what their subjects were thinking. part of the reason for this was in the past no government had the power to keep citizens under surveillances now that they have print and film and the radio it carried the process further and private life came to an end. any one who was worth watching could be kept hours a day under the eyes of the police . it now existed. 15. What are the four ways an elite group falls from power? (p. 170-171)there were only fur ways in which a ruling group can fall from power. either it is conquered from without, or it governs so efficiently that the masses are stirred to revolt, or it allows a strong and discontented Middle group to come into being, or it loses its own self-confidence and willingness to govern. 16. How does the Inner Party make certain it will not fall from power? (p. 171-172) 17. How is a persons class determined in the 1984 world?Admission to either branch of the Party is by examination, taken at the age of 16. nor is there any racial discrimination, or any marked domination of one province by another. 18. What is doublethink and what is its purpose to the ruling class?doublethink is a continuous alteration of the past, made possible by the system of thought which really embraces all the rest, and which is known in Newsspeak. it means the power of holding 2 contradictory beliefs in ones mind simultaneously, and accepting both of them. the party intellectual knows in which direction his memories must be altered; he therefore knows that he is playing tricks with reality; but by the exercise of doublethink he also satisfies himself that reality is not violated. 19. Why is the mutability of the past important to the ruling class?the mutability of the past is the central tenet of Ingsoc. Past events, it is argued, have no objective existence, but survive only in written records and in human memories. the past is whatever the records and the memories agree upon. 20. Why will this ruling class live on while earlier tyrants fell?if one is to rule, and to continue ruling, one must be able to dislocate the sense of reality. for the secret of ruler ship is to combine a belief in one's own infallibility with the power to learn from past mistakes 21. What other significant points do you notice?even the names of the 4 ministries by which they are all governed exhibit a sort of impudence in their deliberate reversal of the facts. the ministry of peace concerns itself with war, the ministry of truth with lies, the ministry of plenty with starvation, and the ministry of love with torture. these contradictions are not accidental, nor do they result from ordinary hypocrisy; they are deliberate exercises in doublethink. Book Two, Chapter 10 1. What understanding does Winston gain about the common people?it was curious to think that the sky was the same for everyone, everywhere allover the world the sky was the same. millions or hundreds of thousands of people just like this, people ignorant of one another's existence, held apart by walls of hatred and lies, and yet almost exactly the same-people who had never learned to think but were storing up in their hearts and bellies and muscles the power that would one day overturn the world. 2. What is the significance of the glass paperweight here?the fragment of coral, a tiny crinkle of pink like a sugar rosebud from a cake, rolled across the mat. how small, thought Winston, how small it always was. it meant that the little glass broke and so did their relationship. Book Three, Chapter 1

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1. Where is Winston? How is he treated there and why?he was in a high ceilinged windowless cell with walls of glittering white porcelain. concealed lamps flooded it with cold light, and there was a low, steady humming sound which he supposed had something to do with the air supply. a bench, or shelf , just wide enough to sit on ran around the room except for where the doors were. a lavatory with no wooden seat. 4 telescreens on each wall. they didn't feed him and if he made unexpected movement they yelled at him from the telescreen. 2. Which of Winstons acquaintances is in the same place and why?there were 2. one was Ampleforth who was in there for putting God in one of his poems and then there was Parsons who committed thought crime and was turned in by his daughter who caught him saying down with big brother during his sleep. 3. What happens between the starving man and the chinless man? there was a chinless man who looked at the room and caught his eyes on a starving man he couldn't resist, so he got up and offered the man a piece of breadcrumb. the starving guy didn't accept and then the telescreen yelled at the chinless man and he dropped the crumb. the guards came in and beat him and flung him to the opposite of the room. 4. What effect to the words "Room 101" have on the skull-faced man?the skull faced man was terrified he began to say "Comrade! Officer! you don't have to take me to that place. haven't i told you everything already? what else is it that you want to know? theres nothing i wouldn't confess, nothing ! just tell me what it is and I'll confess it straight off. write it down and ill sign it-anything! not room 101!." the officer didn't listen to him and still directed him to the room the skull faced man had then started saying he was willing to be shot, hung, or sentenced. he even would switch places with others then he began to tell them he would give him his family and let them kill them in front of him. anything but room 101. he then told him that they were taking to wrong man, that they should have taken the chinless man but they still didn't listen and took him. he even tried to hang on to the leg of the bench and he was very strong but the officer kicked his hand and the skull faced man went with them. 5. Who truly is OBrien? What do he and Charrington have in common?O'Brien was one of the people of the ministry of love and he told Winston that he knew it all along. and Winston agreed. like Mr. Charrington, O'Brien too was someone else then he looked or appeared to be. Book Three, Chapter 2 1. What sort of treatment does Winston receive on p. 198-200?Winston receives a bunch of pain. it was all a routine interrogation to which nearly all prisoners were subjected. the confession was formality and the torture was real. he was beaten many times that he had lost count. there were always 5-6 men whom used different things to beat him. sometimes fists, other time truncheons, and then there was steel rods and boots. they would kick him as he lay on the floor like an animal trying to dodge them. they would kick him everywhere. he would confess any thing. imaginary and real crimes. sometimes he would refrain from confessing until it was too much pain. sometimes he was beaten till he fell. they sometimes let him recuperate but other times it was as soon as an half an hour. 2. What is OBrien attempting to teach Winston? (p.201-207)he was trying to teach Winston that he failed in self discipline. that he preferred to be a lunatic. he was trying to tell him whatever the party said was true WAS true and he had to believe it;. at first Winston didn't go on and then he would be shocked by pain and then he would try to life but O'Brien knew when he was lying to stop the pain and then finally O'Brien had told him of what the party was trying to teach him and that was that there was Big Brother and everything he read in the book was real. 3. On p. 209211, OBrien explains how the Inner Party avoids the mistakes of past totalitarian governments. State in your own words what OBrien means.i think that O'Brien was trying to explain to Winston that the German Nazis and the Russian Communists made mistakes and that the Inner Party is avoiding making the same mistakes because of what happened before and that is not what the Party was trying to follow. 4. What effect does the (painless) shock treatment have on Winston? (p. 212-213)there was a man and he had put two soft pads on Winston's temples and then there was an explosion and after that Winston felt something was missing in the part of his brain. and that part was his memory. 5. What questions does Winston ask OBrien and what are the responses?Winston asked O'Brien what they have done with Julia and he replied that she had betrayed you immediately and unreservedly. that he wouldn't recognize her if he saw her. then he asked is Big Brother existed and O'Brien answered with yes, of course, and it is the embodiment of the party. he also asked is BB existed in the same way as he existed and he answered in no because you do not exist. he asked if BB will ever die and he said of course not. how could he die? and then next he asked if the brotherhood

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existed. and then he answered that he will never know. he lastly asked what was room 101 and then O'Brien had said that he already knew what it was that everyone knew what it was. Book Three, Chapter 3 1. According to OBrien, what are the three stages in Winstons re-integration, and which stage is he aobut to enter?the three stages in his reintegration are learning, understanding, and then there is acceptance and he was entering the second stage. 2. Who wrote Goldsteins book? Is what the book says true? (Notice the answer in its entirety, p. 215-216)O'Brien wrote the book with others. as of it being true, yes, by description. the program it sets forth is nonsense. 3. Why does the Inner Party seek power and how does this reason differ from the reasons of the Soviet Communists under Stalin and the Nazis?the party seeks power for its own sake. they are not interested in the good of others. only solely in power. not wealth or luxury or long life or happiness; only is power, pure power. they are different from the reasons of the Soviet Communists under Stalin and the Nazis because they had pretended or even believed that they seized power unwillingly and for a limited time and just round the corner there lay a paradise and humans would be free and equal. but the Inner party wasn't like that they know that no one ever seizes power with the intention of relinquishing it. power is not a means; it is an end. one does not establish a dictatorship in order to safeguard a revolution;one makes a revolution in order to establish the dictatorship. the object of persecution is persecution. the object of torture is torture. the object of power is power. 4. Explain the slogan, "Freedon is Slavery." it is reversible. slavery is freedom. alone-freethe human being is always defeated. it must be so, because every human being is doomed to die, which is the greatest of all failures. 5. How does one person assert their power over another?by making him suffer. obedience is not enough. unless he is suffering, how can you be sure that he is obeying your will and not his own? Power is in inflicting pain and humiliation. power is in tearing human minds to pieces and putting them together again in new shapes of your own choosing. 6. How will Oceania differ from all traditional utopias? (p. 220) it would be a world of fear and treachery and torment, a world of trampling and being trampled upon, a world which will grow not less but more merciless as if refines itself. progress in our world will be progress toward more pain. the old civilizations claimed that they were founded on love and justice. ours if founded on hatred. in our world there will be no emotions except fear, rage, triumph, and self abasement. everything else we shall destroy-everything. 7. Why does Winston feel he is morally superior to OBrien and how does OBrien prove that Winston is wrong?Winston feels he is morally superior to O'Brien because he tells him he is a man and O'Brien tells him that he is the last man and Winston hears the recording of what he said that night they met at O'Brien's house and he heard himself promising to lie, steal, forge, to murder and to throw vital on child's face. then Winston was wrong. he then stood naked in front of a mirror with wings on each side. 8. How does Winstons physical appearance affect him?Winston's physical appearance affected him because he saw that he looked old and gray. he looked as that of a skeleton and his face was protruded. 9. What good thing can Winston say about himself at the end of this chapter?he did not betray Julia 10. How does Winston feel about OBrien? Why?he said O'Brien was intelligent and never did he fail to understand what was said to him. anyone on earth would have answered that he did betray Julia. 11. What final question does Winston ask OBrien? (p. 225-226)"how soon will they shoot me?" 12. How is the Inner Partys philosophy different from the Controller Monds philosophy in Brave New World? Book Three, Chapter 4 1. How has Winstons environment changed? What does he do with his time? How does he show his obedience to the Inner Party?he now has a nicer cell which was more comfortable than the others he had been in. it had a plank bed with a pillow and a mattress. and even a stool. they had given him a bath and a tin to clean himself occasionally with warm water. they put ointment on his ulcer.. and had given him dentures. they fed him. and now he had been growing stronger and he had been trying to exercise.also he would dream on his spare time.

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2. How does Winston show that he is not entirely true to Big Brother?because he still has thoughts about the past. he was in the wrong and O'Brien knew it and would understand. and they would understand it. 3. How does Winston feel about Big Brother?he hates big brother. Book Three, Chapter 5 1. What happens in Room 101 and how does this "cure" Winston?In room 101 what they do to you is they torture you with whatever is unendurable to YOU. they put the rats next to Winston so that it will try and cure him and sure enough he tells them to take Julia instead of him and he truly meant that. so thats how it cures him. Book Three, Chapter 6 1. What is the setting?the setting of this chapter is in the Chestnut Tree where Winston has his own little table with chess in front of him. 2. What is Winstons job? (Look up "sinecure" if you dont know it)Winston job has little work which he also gets paid in. 3. How did his meeting with Julia go?he had seen Julia and they sat and talked and both had exchanged to another that they really meant the other would go through the pain instead of them and then had also said that they had betrayed each other and then they said they had to meet again. 4. How is it evident that Winston really is a different person?Winston is really a different person because he finally realizes that everything he went through was really a cure and everything he had endured made him a different person. 5. What is happening in the last two paragraphs of the book?in the last two paragraphs of the book Winston is sitting in his chair while his gin bottle if filled up and he went back to the Ministry of Love, with everything forgiven, his soul white as snow. he was confessing everything. he was walking down the corridor, feeling as though walking in sunlight, and an armed guard at his back. the bullet had entered his brain which was long hoped for. it gazed up at the face of Big Brother and it had taken 40 years to see his smile hidden under his mustache and he cried and finally realized he had won the victory and he had love Big Brother.