CSISectionBuilder

Section Builder and Designer for Concrete, Steel, and Composite Sections

Sample Applications

Computers and Structures, Inc. Berkeley, California, USA

Version 8.03 December 2002

COPYRIGHT
The computer program CSISectionBuilder and all associated documentation are proprietary and copyrighted products. Worldwide rights of ownership rest with Computers and Structures, Inc. Unlicensed use of the program or reproduction of the documentation in any form, without prior written authorization from Computers and Structures, Inc., is explicitly prohibited. Further information and copies of this documentation may be obtained from:

Computers and Structures, Inc 1995 University Avenue Berkeley, California 94704 USA Tel: (510) 845-2177 Fax: (510) 845-4096 E-mail: support@csiberkeley.com Web: www.csiberkeley.com

Copyright Computers and Structures, Inc., 2001. The CSI Logo is a trademark of Computers and Structures, Inc. CSISectioNBuilder is a trademark of Computers and Structures, Inc. Windows is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation. AutoCAD is a registered trademark of AutoDesk Inc.

DISCLAIMER
CONSIDERABLE TIME, EFFORT AND EXPENSE HAVE GONE INTO THE DEVELOPMENT AND DOCUMENTATION OF CSISectionBuilder. THE PROGRAM HAS BEEN THOROUGHLY TESTED. IN USING THE PROGRAM, HOWEVER, THE USER ACCEPTS AND UNDERSTANDS THAT NO WARRANTY IS EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED BY THE DEVELOPERS OR THE DISTRIBUTORS ON THE ACCURACY OR THE RELIABILITY OF THE PROGRAM. THE USER MUST EXPLICITLY UNDERSTAND THE ASSUMPTIONS OF THE PROGRAM AND MUST INDEPENDENTLY VERIFY THE RESULTS.

CSISectionBuilder

Contents

Application A-01
Application Description Program Features Used Related Topics Steps Involved Result Interpretation Related Applications

1-1
1-1 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-7 1-7

Application A-02
Application Description Program Features Used Related Topics Steps Involved Result Interpretation

2-1
2-1 2-1 2-2 2-3 2-7

CSI Section Builder

Application A-03
Application Description Program Features Used Related Topics Steps Involved Result Interpretation Related Applications

3-1
3-1 3-2 3-2 3-3 3-8 3-9

Application A-04
Application Description Program Features Used Related Topics Steps Involved Result Interpretation Related Applications

4-1
4-1 4-2 4-2 4-3 4-5 4-5

Application A-05
Application Description Program Features Used Related Topics Steps Involved Result Interpretation Related Applications

5-1
5-1 5-2 5-2 5-3 5-7 5-8

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Application A-01

Application A-01
Computing the Geometric Properties of a Built-Up Steel Section.

Application Description
Computation of geometric properties is of great importance in the design and analysis of steel sections. Built-up sections pose a difficulty in determining these properties due to their complex geometry. This demonstration presents the ease with which you can create and compute the geometric properties of a built-up section using CSI Section Builder. This application presents how to calculate the geometric properties (area, moment of inertia, section modulus, principal axis orientation, torsional constant, shear area, etc.) of a built-up steel section. The section for which the properties are required is shown in Figure A-01. Section and Material Properties are as follows: Overall depth of Section = 13.53 in Over all width of Section = 12 in Channel Sections = 3 C10x30 Plate = 12x0.5 in Gap = 0.665 in Steel Strength = 60 Ksi
2
Channel Sections: C10x30 Plate: 12x0.5 inches Gap: 0.665 inches

Figure A-01

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Application A-01

Program Features Used

While creating the section and generating the results you will also learn how to do the following using CSI Section Builder: Set Working Units Add Shapes to the Section Copy Shapes Paste Shapes Rotate Shapes Flip Shapes Align Shapes View Shape Properties Compute Basic and Advance Section Properties

Related Topics
Before going through this example it is worthwhile to gain a thorough knowledge of various types of section properties and their meanings. Moreover, you may also want to review the following topics in the CSI Section Builder Users Manual. Adding Shapes to Sections, Chapter 3 Align and Place Shapes, Chapter 3 Properties Windows, Chapter 2 Toolbars, Chapter 2 Shape Editor, Chapter 3

Steps Involved
Start CSI Section Builder by clicking on the appropriate desktop icon. To set the working units to US inches go to the Options>General Options menu command to activate the Options and Preferences form. Use to Working Units drop-down menu to select the US-inch unit system. Click OK to close the form. The Status Bar on the Main Working Area will show the current working units as Units: in, ksi.

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Application A-01

Open the Shape Libraries using any of the following methods: Use the Section>Add Shape from Library menu command. Click on the Add New Shape to Current Section toolbar button. Click the Add Basic Steel Shape and then on the Add Shape form Library button. Once the Shape Libraries have been activated click on the <AISC Shapes (US)> library to select it. Click on the Open Library button the open the selected library. You can also double-click on the <AISC Shapes (US)> icon to open the library. Open the C, MC Shape library either by doubleclicking on it or using the Open Library button. A list of all the C and MC sections supported by the program will be shown. Select the C10x30 Section by clicking on it and click the Add Shape to Section and Close button. You can also add the Shape to the Section file by double-clicking on the required Shape. The selected Shape is added to the main screen and the library window is closed automatically. Note that the Section Properties window, located on the left corner of the screen, is updated showing

TIP: Use the Keep Library Open After Adding Shape to Main Screen option to keep the Library window active. This is useful if you want to add various Shapes to the Section.

TIP: To view the properties of a single Shape, double-click the Shape or click on the Edit Current Shape button on the main toolbar after selecting the Shape. This will activate the Shape Editor where you can view various Shape properties.

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Application A-01

various properties of the newly added Shape. Copy the C Section by selecting it (select any Shape by clicking the left mouse button on the Shape outline, select several Shapes by windowing in) and clicking on the Copy button on the main toolbars. Paste the Shape by clicking the Paste button next to the Copy button. Select the newly added C Section and flip it about its vertical axis using the Flip About Vertical tool on the Working Area toolbar. Activate the Shape Layout Editor by clicking on the Shape Layout Editor button on the toolbar. Provide the values 2 and 0 for the X and Y coordinates of the first Shape. Set the X and Y coordinates of the second Shapes to zero. Click OK to exit the form. The main screen will show the Channel Sections back to back with a gap of 0.665 inches. The Section Properties window will be updated showing the Section dimensions, centroid location with respect to the Global Origin, and several other geometric properties. Add another Channel section to the working area by clicking on the Paste button. Rotate the newly added Shape counter-clockwise by selecting it and clicking the Rotate Left button on the toolbar. Now flip the Shape about its horizontal axis by clicking on the Flip About Horizontal button after the Shape has been selected. Make sure that

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Application A-01

the Snap to Grid option is activated. If not, click the Snap to Grid button on the main toolbar to activate this option. Select and drag the most recently added Channel Section so that its web aligns with the bottoms of the two previously placed C-sections. Add a steel plate to the Section using the <Plates Library> on the Main Library List. The Shape Libraries can be activated using the procedure explained earlier. Open the <Plates Library> and open the 12 inch steel plate library by double-clicking on it. Add a 12x0.5 inch plate by doubleclicking on it. The required plate is added to the Main Working Area. Select and drag the plate and place it along the top edge of the backto-back placed double C sections. Align the Shape centroids of the plate and the C section at the bottom by selecting both the Shapes and clicking the Align Center button or use the Section>Align and Stack Shapes>Align Center menu command. Use the Shape Layout Editor form to fine-tune the locations of the Shapes such that the overall dimensions of the Section are satisfied. The geometry on the section is hence complete. Most of the Section properties are displayed on the Section Property window. You can use the Compute Basic TIP: To view filled Shapes click the Show Filled Shapes button on the main toolbar or use the Options>Display Settings>Show Filled Shapes menu command

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Application A-01

Properties button if the Section Property window is not updated automatically. Click the Compute Additional Properties button to view the Torsional constant, shear area, and plastic modulus values. To view the properties of an individual Shape, double-click the Shape to open it in the Shape Editor form. The Basic Shape properties are reported in the text column provided on the top left corner of the form.

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Application A-01

Result Interpretation
All the properties reported on the Section Properties window are for the entire Section and not for the Shape. To view the properties of an individual Shape, either copy and place the Shape in a new Section or use the Shape Editor form to view a Shapes basic properties. Placing a Shape in a new Section will report all properties for the Shape and not just the basic properties as in case of Shape Editor. All the Section and Shape properties, except for the Global Properties, are computed and reported about the 2-3 axis, which is the local axis of the Section, and not about the Global XY axis. The Global Properties are, however, reported about the Global XY axis.

Related Applications
Some other built-up sections that can easily be created and analyzed in CSI Section Builder are shown in the figures below:

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Application A-02

Application A-02
Computing Various Stresses for a Composite Section.

Application Description
Computation of various types of stresses, especially for composite sections, is a tedious task. This demonstration shows the ease with which you can create composite Sections and determine the various types of stresses using CSI Section Builder. This application presents the computation procedure of various types of stresses (over the entire cross-section and along various sections) developed in a composite section due to axial force, moment and shear. The stresses are required for the following actions: Combined Axial-Flexural: Load = 200 Kip Moment Mx = 520 Kip-ft Axial Shear: Shear in X direction = 150 Kips The section is shown in Figure A-02.
18 6 36 14

Program Features Used

While creating the section and generating the results you will also learn how to to do the following: Set Working Units
CSI Section Builder

Add Shapes to the Section

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Application A-02

Resize Shapes (graphically and numerically) Stack Shapes Align Shapes

Assign Material Properties to Steel and Concrete View Section Properties (Basic and Advance) View Stresses

Related Topics
Before going through this example it is worthwhile to acquire a thorough knowledge of various types of stresses and their physical meanings. Moreover, you may also want to review the following topics in the CSI Section Builder Users Manual: Adding Shapes to Sections, Chapter 3 Align and Place Shapes, Chapter 3 Plot Stresses on Sections, Chapter 4 Toolbars, Chapter 2 Shape Editor Chapter 3

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Application A-02

Steps Involved
Start CSI Section Builder by clicking on the appropriate desktop icon. To set the working units to US inches go to the Options>General Options menu command to activate the Options and Preferences form. Use the Working Units drop-down menu to select the US-inch unit system. Click OK to close the form. The Status Bar on the Main Working Area will show the current working units as Units: in, ksi. Open the Shape Libraries using any of the following methods: Use the Section>Add Shape from Library menu command. Click on the Add New Shape to Current Section toolbar button. Click the Add Basic Steel Shape and then the Add Shape from Library button. Once the Shape Libraries are activated click on the <Basic Concrete Shapes> library and click the Open Library button to open the selected library. Select the Rectangular Shape by clicking it and add it to the Main Working Area by clicking the Add Shape to Section and Close button. Alternatively, you can also doubleclick on Rectangular Shape to add it to the Main Working Area. TIP: Use the Keep Library Open After Adding Shape to Main Screen option to keep the Library window active. This is useful if you want to add numerous Shapes to the Section.

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An alternate and easier way to add a Rectangular Shape to the Main Working Area is to use the Add Basic Concrete Shape button on the working area toolbar. Select the Rectangular Shape from the dropdown list by clicking it. This will add the selected Shape to the Main Working Area. To change the dimensions of the rectangular concrete Shape to 36x6 inches, two methods are presented:

Method One:
Double-click the boundary of the rectangular concrete Shape to activate the Shape Editor form. Change the default dimensions of the Shape to b=36 and h=6 by typing into the dimension boxes. Click on the Accept Changes button to refresh the graphic display. The properties listed on the left column will also be updated. Click OK to return to the Main Working Area.

TIP: The Shape Editor can also be activated by double-clicking on the Shape you want to edit.

Method Two:
Make sure that the Snap to Grid option is selected, if not click on the Snap to Grid button on the Main Working Area. Select the rectangular concrete Shape by clicking on its outline. Once the shape is selected, resizing handles will appear on the boundary of the Shape. Use your mouse to resize the Shape. Resize the Shape in the y-direction first. Note that

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Application A-02

the mouse will make only discrete movements on the grids. Once you have resized the Shape click anywhere on the screen. This will update the screen to show the resized dimensions of the Shape. Resize the Shape in accordance with the required shape dimensions. Add a steel I-Section using the Basic Steel Shape Library provided in the Shape Libraries, or by using the Add Basic Steel Shape button on the main toolbar. Double-click the boundary of the steel Shape to activate the Shape Editor. Change the dimensions of the steel Shape to bf=14, h=18, tf=tw=1 by typing these values in the dimensions text boxes. Click on the Accept Changes button to refresh the graphic display. The properties listed on the left column will also be updated. Click OK to return to the Main Working Area. The main screen will show the updated Shapes included in the Section. Select both Shapes by windowing in on them using the mouse. Stack the Shapes one on top of the other using the Stack Shapes Vertically button on the working area toolbar. Use the Align Center button on the working area toolbar to align the Shapes centroids. To change the strength of the concrete slab, double-click on the Shape to activate the Shape Editor. Select fc=4.0 ksi from the Sub-

TIP: The Shape Layout Editor is an efficient tool for aligning the Shapes in a Section accurately.

Axial-Flexural Stress

TIP: To view filled Shapes click on the Show Filled Shapes button on the main toolbar or use the Options>Display Settings>Show Filled Shapes menu command.

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Application A-02

Material Type drop-down list. Click OK to return to the main screen. The geometry of the required section is complete.

Viewing Stresses:
To view the stresses on the Section click the Cross-Section Stress Viewer button on the main toolbar. You can also use the Results>Show Stress Plots menu command for this purpose. This will activate the Stresses in Section form. Provide the appropriate value of load and moment in X direction on the form and click the Refresh Display button. The form will show the combined stresses on the composite section due to the applied loading. To view the stresses due to individual actions, keep the values of the other actions at zero while viewing the stresses. Input the values for Shear in the X direction in the appropriate text box and click the Shear Stress button on the form toolbar. The display will show the stresses on the section shear force. To view the shear stresses in each direction individually, keep the value of shear in the other direction at zero while viewing the stresses. All stress plots are color-coded with a color key providing a list of the stress value range associated with different colors. To view the stresses along the Section, click the Show Guides button on the toolbar of the Stress Viewer. This will bring up a

Axial-Flexural Stress Along Section

TIP: To view the stresses in due to individual actions, keep the values of the other actions zero while viewing the stresses.

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Application A-02

horizontal and vertical line on the form. Click and drag the lines to locate at which you want to plot the stresses. Once you have placed the lines on the required location click the Show Stress Curves button. Stresses along the shown Guides will be plotted on the form. To view other types of stresses click the respective stress buttons on the form and click the Refresh Display button. To hide the Guides again click the Show Guides button.
Shear Stress Plot

Result Interpretation
It is evident from the displayed stress plots that the stresses in concrete section are quite low as compared to that in the steel section. This is due to the fact that steel has a higher modulus of elasticity. As the stress plots are Elastic Stress plots, they can be used to determine weather or not the stresses due to the actions are with in allowable limits. The Shear stress plot shows that the web has taken most of the shear stress and the shear stress distribution is almost parabolic. The stress at the interface of the steel and concrete is also reported and may be used to design the shear connectors.

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Application A-03

Application A-03
Investigating the Capacity of a Strengthened Column Section.

Application Description
This application example shows the ease with which you can analyze a strengthened section made of various materials with any arbitrary arrangements using CSI Section Builder. At the end of the demonstration, the increase in moment capacity and the generated P-M curves are reported. This application presents an investigation into the strength of a retrofit column section. The initial section was a square concrete section reinforced with 8-#8 bars placed uniformly around the perimeter of the section. Retrofitting is done by providing 4 equal angles 4x4inches (thickness 0.5) placed at all four corners of the
24 16

24

16

8-#8 bars

New Section

Old Section

Figure A-03

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Application A-03

column. The new assembly was then encased by 4 inch thick concrete. Section and Material Properties are as follows: Fc for old concrete = 4.0 Ksi Fc for new concrete = 5.0 Ksi Old Section Rebars = 8-#8 bars New Section Rebars = 8-#8 + 4#10 bars The old and new sections are shown in Figure A-03. Steel Angles = 4x4x0.5 inch E old concrete = 4200 ksi E new concrete = 4000 ksi

Program Features Used

While creating the section and generating the results you will learn how to: Set Working Units Add Shapes to the Section Resize Shapes (graphically and numerically) Add New Sections to the same Section File Assign Material Properties to Steel and Concrete View Section Properties (Basic and Advance) View Section Capacities

Related Topics
Before going through this example it is worthwhile to acquire a thorough knowledge of Interaction Surface and curves and their physical meanings. Moreover, you may want to review the following topics in the CSI Section Builder Users Manual. Adding Shapes to Sections, Chapter 3 Align and Place Shapes, Chapter 3 Properties Windows, Chapter 2 Toolbars, Chapter 2 Shape Editor, Chapter 3 Generate Section Capacity Interaction Diagrams, Chapter 4

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Application A-03

Steps Involved
Start CSI Section Builder by clicking on the appropriate desktop icon. To set the working units to US inches go to the Options>General Options menu command to activate the Options and Preferences form. Use the Working Units dropdown menu to select the USinch unit system. Click OK to close the form. The Status Bar on the Main Working Area will show the current working units as Units: in, ksi. Open the Shape Libraries using any of the following methods: Use the Section>Add Shape from Library menu command. Click on the Add New Shape to Current Section toolbar button. Click the Add Basic Steel Shape and then on the Add Shape form Library button. Once the Shape Libraries are activated click on the <Basic Concrete Shapes> library and click on the Open Library button the open the selected library. Select the Rectangular Shape by clicking on it and add it to the Main Working Area

TIP: Use the Keep Library Open After Adding Shape to Main Screen option to keep the Library window active. This is useful if you want to add several Shapes to the Section.

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Application A-03

by clicking the Add Shape to Section and Close button. Alternatively, you can also double-click on the Rectangular Shape to add it to the Main Working Area. An alternate and easier way to add a Rectangular Shape to the Main Working Area is to use the Add Basic Concrete Shape button on the working area toolbars. Select the Rectangular Shape from the drop-down list by clicking on it. This will add the selected Shape to the Main Working Area. To change the dimensions of the rectangular concrete Shape to 16x16 inch, two methods are presented:

Method One:
Double-click the boundary of the rectangular concrete Shape to activate the Shape Editor form. Change the default dimensions of the Shape to b=16 and h=16 by typing into the dimension boxes. Click on the Accept Changes button to refresh the graphic display. The properties listed on the left column will also be updated. Click OK to return to the Main Working Area.

TIP: To view the properties of a single Shape, double-click the Shape or click the Edit Current Shape button on the main toolbar after selecting the Shape. This will activate the Shape Editor where you can view various Shape properties.

Method Two:
Make sure that the Snap to Grid option is selected; if not, click on the Snap to
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Application A-03

Grid button on the Main Working Area. Select the rectangular concrete Shape by clicking on its outline. Once the shape is selected, resizing handles will appear on the boundary of the Shape. Use your mouse to resize the Shape. Resize the Shape in the Y direction first. Note that the mouse will make only discrete movements on the grids. Once you have resized the Shape, click anywhere on the screen. This will update the screen, showing the resized dimensions of the Shape. Resize the Shape in accordance with the required shape dimensions. To add rebars to the Shape, select the Shape and click on the Edit Current Shape button on the main toolbar to activate the Shape Editor. You can also double-click the Shape to open the Shape Editor. Activate the Add Rebars by List form by clicking the Rebar Calculator button on the Shape Editor. Click 8 and then #8 button on the calculator. Set the While Adding Rebar option to Place Around Parameter and click OK. The bars will be added to the Shape in the specified pattern. Select Sub-Material Type as fc= 4.0 from the dropdown menu on the Shape

TIP: The Shape Layout Editor is an efficient tool to align the Shapes in a Section accurately.

TIP: To view filled Shapes click on the Show Filled Shapes button on the main toolbar or use the Options>Display Settings>Show Filled Shapes menu command

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Application A-03

Editor and change the E value to 4200 ksi. Click OK to return to the main screen. To view the capacity of this Section click the Interaction Diagram Viewer button on the main toolbar. Alternatively, you can use the Result>Show Interaction Diagrams menu command. This will bring up the Section Capacity Interaction Diagrams form. By default, the P-M curve for the generated section is displayed. Read the maximum moment value by placing the cursor on the curve where the moment is at its maximum. You can also read the maximum value of moment by clicking the Show Parameters button and then clicking the P-M Points tab. All the points used for the generation of the P-M curve are reported. Read the maximum value of M (which should read M=209.55 Kip-ft). To view the M-M Curves and the Interaction Surface click on the respective button on the forms toolbar. Close the form to return to the main screen. To create the strengthened column section click on the concrete Shape to select it. Click the Copy button to copy the selected Shape with all assigned parameters and rebars to the clipboard. We will create the retrofit Section as a New Section

M=209.55 Kip-ft

P-M Curve for Old Column

M=886 Kip-ft

P-M Curve for Retrofit Column

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in the same Section File. Click the Add New Section button on the main toolbar and an empty new section will be added to the same Section File. Paste the copied Section by clicking the Paste button. Add another rectangular concrete Shape using the procedure described above. Double-click the Shape to open it in the Shape Editor. Specify the dimensions as 24x24 inch in the Dimensions text box. Click the Accept Changes button to update the graphic view. Activate the Add Rebars by List form by clicking on the Rebar Calculator button and add 4-#10 bars by clicking on the appropriate buttons. Make sure that the Place on Corners option is selected. Click OK. Select Sub-Material Type as fc= 5.0 from the drop-down menu on the Shape Editor; make sure that the E value displayed is 4000 ksi. Click OK to return to the main screen. Add a steel angle section using the Add Basic Steel Shape button and clicking on the angle section. Double-click on the boundary of the steel angle to open it in the Shape Editor form. Provide the following dimensions in the Dimensions text box: bf=h=4 in and t=0.5 in. Click on the Accept Changes button to refresh the graphic

Interaction Surface for Retrofit Column

TIP: View the Interaction Surface for any arbitrary Section using the P-Mx-My Surface button on the toolbar of the Section Capacity Interaction Diagram from

M-M Curve for Retrofit Column

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Application A-03

display. The properties listed on the left column will also be updated. Click OK to return to the Main Working Area. Select the Shape and use the Copy and Paste buttons to paste a copy of the Shape to the Main Working Area. Select the newly added Shape and flip it using the Flip About Horizontal toolbar button. Place the two angle sections on two corners of the inner square using the click and drag mouse action or the arrow keys. Repeat this process using different flip and rotate tools to add two more angle sections to the other two corners of the inner square. View the capacity of the Section using the process described earlier. Note the maximum moment value (which should read M=886 Kip-ft).

Result Interpretation
The moment capacity of the column section has increased significantly since strengthening. The objective of this strengthening was only to increase the moment capacity, which was achieved by the addition of the angle sections and the additional rebars, and not the axial load-carrying capacity in which case an increase in the concrete area and strength was required. The percentage increase in moment capacity is 332%.

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Application A-03

Related Applications
Some other Sections that can easily be created and analyzed in CSI Section Builder are shown in the figures below:

CSI Section Builder

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Application A-04

Application A-04
Investigating the ductility of a Column Section.

Application Description
This demonstration shows the ease with which you can create a complex column section and determine its ductility characteristics using the moment-curvature curve. This application presents an investigation into the ductility of a column section using the moment-curvature curve for the section. Two curves will be generated using two different failure criteria.
4-6 Unconfined Concrete

Confined Concrete 4-6

Figure A-04
The section is shown in Figure A-04. Section and Material Properties are as follows: Overall Section depth = 4ft-6in
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Application A-04

Overall Section width = 4ft-6in Rebars = 32-#8 bars Yield Strength of Rebars = 60 ksi Concrete fc= 5.00 ksi Confined Concrete modeled using Mander Circular Confined Stress-Strain Curve Unconfined Concrete modeled using Mander Unconfined Stress-Strain Curve

Program Features Used

While creating the section and generating the results you will also learn how to use the program to do the following: Set Working Units Define Section Geometry and Properties using CALTRAN Sections View Section Properties (Basic and Advance) Generate Moment Curvature Curves

Related Topics
Before going through this example it is worthwhile to acquire a thorough knowledge of various types of stresses and their physical meanings. Moreover, you may want to review the following topics in the CSI Section Builder Users Manual: CALTRAN Sections, Chapter 3 Plot Moment Curvature Curves, Chapter 4 Toolbars, Chapter 2 Shape Editor, Chapter 2

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Application A-04

Steps Involved
Start CSI Section Builder by clicking on the appropriate desktop icon. To set the working units to US inches, go to the Options>General Options menu command to activate the Options and Preferences form. Use the Working Units drop-down menu to select the US-inch unit system. Click OK to close the form. The Status Bar on the Main Working Area will show the current working units as Units: in, ksi. Use the Section>Start New CALTRAN Section menu command to activate the CALTRAN Section form. On the form select the Basic Section Type as Square by clicking the first icon button under the heading Basic Section Type. Select the dimension as 4-6 from the Standard drop-down menu. The Height, H, will be updated automatically to 48 inches. Accept the default settings/values for Inner and Outer Layer Rebars. Under the Material Properties heading change the Concrete fc to 5.00 kis. Accept all other default values. Click OK to add this Section to the Main Working Area. The program automatically assigns the Manders Circular Confined Stress-Strain model to the inner circular confined concrete, while the outer part is assigned Manders Unconfined Concrete model. To view or change these assignments (which is not necessary in this example), double-click on a Shape to open it in the Shape Editor.

TIP: To view filled Shapes click on the Show Filled Shapes button on the main toolbar or use the Options>Display Settings>Show Filled Shapes menu command

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Select the concrete model from the Stress-Strain Curve drop-down menu. Now that the geometry and material property assignment is complete for the column section, activate the Moment-Curvature Diagram form by clicking on the MomentCurvature Viewer button on the main toolbar or use the Results>Show Moment Curvature Curve menu command. On the MomentCurvature Diagram form set the maximum strain value to 0.02 and the strain increment to 0.0005 by typing these values in the appropriate text boxes. Make sure that the Maximum Strain is Reached option is selected under the Stop Computing When heading. Click the Generate button. The curve will be generated according to the values specified. Move the cursor over the curve to read the numeric values on the curve. The maximum moment and curvature along with the yield moment and curvature are reported in the Results display box. Select the Any Part of the Section Fails option under the Stop Computing When heading and click the Generate button. When the computation is complete, the Graphic and the Results display boxes are updated. Moment-curvature curves may be plotted for different axial load values and neutral axis orientations. Specify the axial load value and the neutral

TIP: Move the cursor over the curve to read the numeric values on the curve.

Moment-Curvature curve for Maximum Strain Limit of 0.02

Moment-Curvature curve for Any Part of Section Fails

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axis orientation on the MomentCurvature Diagram form and click the Generate button to view the results.

Plot Moment Curvature Curves for specified Section Angles and Axial Load values

Result Interpretation
Determination of ductility is of immense importance in the seismic design of columns. An efficient way of determining the ductility of columns is to plot their moment-curvature curves. These curves indicate the extent of cross-sections plane rotation at respective moments. This information is very useful for carrying out Pushover Analysis.

Related Applications
Some other Sections that can easily be created and analyzed in CSI Section Builder are shown in the figures below:

CSI Section Builder

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Application A-05

Application A-05
Computing the Capacity of a Column Section.

Application Description
This demonstration presents the ease with which you can create a rectangular column section with reinforcing 24-#10 bars bars of two different strengths and determine its capacity using the Interaction Surface and curves. This application presents how to investigate the strength of a rectangular column section. The column dimensions are 610x920 millimeters. Two types of reinforcing bars are provided. The rebars along the longer side of the column section have yield strength of 275 N/mm2 while those along the shorter side of the section have yield strength of 420 N/mm2. Praks Strain Hardening stressstrain curve is used to model the reinforcing bars. The section is shown in Figure A05. Section and Material Properties are as follows:

920 mm

610 mm

Figure A-05

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Overall depth of Section = 920 mm Overall width of Section = 610 mm Rebars = 24-#10 bars Yield Strength of Rebars along longer side of column= 275 N/mm2 Yield Strength of Rebars along shorter side of column= 420 N/mm2 Concrete fc= 40 N/mm2 Stress-Stain Curve used to model concrete = PCA Parabola Stress-Stain Curve used to model steel = Praks Strain Hardening

Program Features Used

While creating the section and generating the results you will also learn how to do the following: Set Working Units Define Section Geometry and Properties Resize Shapes (graphically and numerically) Assign Rebar cover Assign different Yield Strength to Reinforcing bars Assign Stress-Strain Curves to Reinforcing bars Assign Stress-Strain Curves to Concrete View Section Properties (Basic and Advance) Generate Interaction Surface and Curves

Related Topics
Before going through this example it is worthwhile to acquire a thorough knowledge of Interaction Surface and curves and their physical meanings. Moreover, you may also want to review the following topics in the CSI Section Builder Users Manual:

Shape Libraries, Chapter 2 Generate Section Capacity Interaction Diagrams, Chapter 4

5-2

Add, Edit, and Delete Reinforcing Bars, Chapter 3

CSI Section Builder

Application A-05

Stress Strain Curves for Shapes, Chapter 3

Toolbars, Chapter 2 Shape Editor Chapter 2

Steps Involved
Start CSI Section Builder by clicking on the appropriate desktop icon. To set the working units to US inches go to the Options>General Options menu command to activate the Options and Preferences form. Use to Working Units drop-down menu to select the SI-mm unit system. Click OK to close the form. The Status Bar on the Main Working Area will show the current working units as Units: mm, N/mm^2. Open the Shape Libraries using any of the following methods: Use the Section>Add Shape from Library menu command. Click on the Add New Shape to Current Section toolbar button. Click the Add Basic Steel Shape and then on the Add Shape form Library button. Once the Shape Libraries are activated click the <Basic Concrete Shapes> library and click the Open Library button the open the selected library. Select the Rectangular Shape by clicking on it and add it to the Main Working Area by clicking the Add Shape to Section and Close button. Alternatively, you can also doubleclick the Rectangular Shape to add it TIP: To view filled Shapes click on the Show Filled Shapes button on the main toolbar or use the Options>Display Settings>Show Filled Shapes menu command

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to the Main Working Area. An alternate and easier way to add a Rectangular Shape to the Main Working Area is to use the Add Basic Concrete Shape button on the working area toolbars. Select the Rectangular Shape from the dropdown list by clicking on it. This will add the selected Shape to the Main Working Area. To change the dimensions of the rectangular concrete Shape to 610x920 mm two methods are presented:

TIP: Move the cursor over the curve to read the numeric values on the curve.

Method One:
Double-click the boundary of the rectangular concrete Shape to activate the Shape Editor form. Change the default dimensions of the Shape to b=610 and h=920 by typing into the dimension boxes. Click the Accept Changes button to refresh the graphic display. The properties listed on the left column will also be updated. Click OK to return to the Main Working Area.

Method Two:
Make sure that the Snap to Grid option is selected, if not click on the Snap to Grid button on the Main Working Area. Select the rectangular concrete Shape by clicking on its outline. Once the shape is selected, resizing handles will appear on the boundary of the Shape. Use you mouse to resize the Shape. Resize the Shape in the y direction first. Note that the mouse will make only discrete movements
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Application A-05

on the grids. Once you have resized the Shape click anywhere on the screen. This will update the screen showing the resized dimensions of the Shape. Resize the Shape in accordance with the required shape dimensions. Select the Shape and click the Edit Current Shape button on the main toolbar to activate the Shape Editor. You can also double-click the Shape to open the Shape Editor. Set the rebar cover using the Rebar Offset From Edge button on the Shape Editor from. For this example use a cover of 50 mm. To add rebars to the Shape, select the Shape and click on the Edit Current Shape button on the main toolbar to activate the Shape Editor. Activate the Add Rebars by List form by clicking the Rebar Calculator button on the Shape Editor. Click 2 and then 4 and then #10 button on the calculator. Set the While Adding Rebar option to Place Around Parameter and click OK. The specified bars will be added to the Shape in the specified pattern. The rebars are not placed uniformly around the parameter of the Shape. Remove one rebar from the left side of the Shape and place it along the bottom edge with the other rebars, using the click and drag action of the mouse. Select all the bars along the left edge of the Shape by windowing in and use the Distribute Vertically button. This action will distribute the selected rebars uniformly along the side of the Shape. Now select the

TIP: Add Rebars by List provide an easy, effective and convenient way to add several rebars in a specified pattern.

TIP: You can specify different rebar strength and stress-strain curve to individual rebars.

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rebars along the bottom edge of the Shape and use the Distribute Horizontally button to distribute the selected rebars uniformly along the side of the Shape. Default yield strength of 400 N/mm2 is assigned to all rebars. This default can be altered using the Rebar Set Property form that can be activated using the Options> Rebar Set Properties menu command. Select the rebars along the left and right edge of the Shape, except those on the corners, by windowing in. Click on the Assign Rebar Fy button to bring up the Assign Rebar Strength form. Input a value of 275 N/mm2 in the activated form. Click OK. Select the remaining bars by windowing or clicking on them while holding down the Shift button. Click on the Assign Rebar Fy button to bring up the Assign Rebar Strength form. Input a value of 420 N/mm2 in the form. Click OK. Select all the rebars and click the Assign Rebar Curve button. Select the Parks Strain Hardening stressstrain curve from the drop-down menu on the Assign Stress-Stain Curve form. Click OK. The required properties are now assigned to the rebars. To view the assignments click on the View Rebar Properties button. The mouse cursor will change. Place the cursor on a rebar to view the properties of that rebar. After viewing the properties return to the selection mode by

M=2896 kN-m

P-M Curve at Specified Neutral Axis orientaion

M-M Curve for Specified Axial Load Value

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clicking on the Select Objects button. To assign the required properties to the concrete shape, select the SubMaterial Type as fc= 40 N/mm2 from the drop-down menu on the Shape Editor and select the StressStrain Curve as PCA Parabola. Click the Accept Changes button and then OK to return to the main screen. To view the capacity of this Section click on the Interaction Diagram Viewer button on the main toolbar. Alternatively use the Result>Show Interaction Diagrams menu command. This will bring up the Section Capacity Interaction Diagrams form. By default the P-M curve for the generated section is displayed. Read the maximum moment value by placing the cursor on the curve where the moment is maximum. You can also read the maximum value of moment by clicking the Show Parameters button and then clicking the P-M Points tab. All the points used for the generation of the P-M curve are reported. Read the maximum value of M (which should read M=2896 kN-m). To view the M-M Curves and the Interaction Surface click on the respective button on the forms toolbar.

Interaction Surface for the Section

Result Interpretation
Capacity curves and surfaces can be generated for any arbitrary section using CSI Section Builder. These curves and surfaces are a very useful tool and can be used to design and check the capacity of columns. If the direction of the resulting moment is
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known, the P-M curve may be used to see if the section is adequate for the interaction of axial load and moment. On the other hand the M-M curves may be used at a particular axial load value to determine weather or not the moments on the column in both directions are within the bounds of the curve.

Related Applications
Some other Sections that can easily be created and analyzed in CSI Section Builder are shown in the figures below:

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CSI Section Builder