OPEN SYSTEM INTRECONNECTION REFERENCE MODEL.

1.) OSI simply refers to the Open system Interconnection Reference Model. 2.) This describes how information from a software application in one computer moves or travels through a network medium or standard to a software application in or to another computer 3.). This model is a concrete or (conceptual) model which is basically made up of seven layers, and each layer has a particular network function.

4. The OSI Model was invented or created in the year 1984, by the international Standard Organization ISO, which is considered to be the Primary Architectural model for INTERCOMPUTER COMMUNICATION.

5. Bsaically The OSI MODEL is made up of seven layers they are Application layer, Presentations layer, , Session Layer, Transport layer, Network Layer, Data Link and the physical layer. 6. Therefore each layer is realistically self contained, so any task that is assigned to each layer can be executed or carry out work independently. Therefore the OSI MODEL was created to carry out task to and from computers freely

Diagram showing an illustration of the seven layer OSI REFERENCE MODEL. 7. Application 6. Presentation 5. Session 4. Transport 3. Network 2. Data Link 1. Physical

OSI model A concept developed by ISO and CCITT used to develop standards for data networking that promote multivendor equipment interoperability. The OSI model is separated into seven layers that relate to the interconnection of computer systems. See also application layer, presentation layer, session layer, transport layer, network layer, data link layer, and physical layer.

WHY WAS THE OSI MODEL CREATED?

In 1983 the ISO{ International Standard Organization} created the OSI or X.200 MODEL. The OSI MODEL was specifically made for connecting open systems. These systems were designed to be open for communication with almost any other system. The model was made and designed to break down each functional layer so that all overall layer design complexity or complications (hard)could be lessened or decrease the work load to carry out each task properly without slowing down in the system, or making the task difficult to execute its functions. The OSI MODEL was constructed with several precept, principles, rules, guidelines or instructions in mind, they are: 1.) Each Layer performs a separate function to carry out a task easily and efficiently. 2.) The model , with each level or layer should be internationally portable 3.) The number of each layer on the OSI MODEL should be architecturally needed, but not unwieldy.(bulky, heavy or awkward)

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE OSI LAYER.

If you look closely at the seven layer of the OSI model You can see the Seven Independent layer. , but this layer starts from bottom to top, in order to carry out its function properly.

Therefore the seven Layer of the OSI MODEL is divided into two categories 1. The Upper Layer 2. The Lower Layer.

The upper layer basically deals with the application issues and only implements software application alone. The highest layer being the application layer is closest to the end user. What this does, is that both the user and application layer processes interact with software applications which contains the communication component,.

The Lower Layer of the OSI MODEL deals with the data transport issues. Both the Physical and data link layers are applied to and in both hardware and software. The lowest layer is the physical layer, this is closest to the physical network medium, network cabling, for example and is responsible for placing information on the medium.

WORD DOCUMENT(HARD COPY) OSI SEVEN LAYER MODEL The OSI MODEL was first developed in 1984, by the ISO {international standards organization}, and this was considered the primary Architectural model for intercomputer communication. That is the communication between users from one computer to another computer. It describes how information from a software application in one computer moves through a network medium to a software application to another computer.

The OSI MODEL is divided into seven layers and each layer has task involved moving information between networked computers. They carry out different task independently and this can be seen in the diagram below.

Diagram showing an illustration of the seven layer OSI REFERENCE MODEL. 7. Application 6. Presentation 5. Session 4. Transport 3. Network 2. Data Link 1. Physical

The OSI MODEL was created to really make task or a group of work more manageable, and to work independently and freely.

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE OSI LAYER.

If you look closely at the seven layer of the OSI model You can see the Seven Independent layer. , but this layer starts from bottom to top, in order to carry out its function properly.

Therefore the seven Layer of the OSI MODEL is divided into two categories 1. The Upper Layer 2. The Lower Layer.

The upper layer basically deals with the application issues and only implements software application alone. The highest layer being the application layer is closest to the end user. What this does, is that both the user and application layer processes interact with software applications which contains the communication component,.

The Lower Layer of the OSI MODEL deals with the data transport issues. Both the Physical and data link layers are applied to and in both hardware and software. The lowest layer is the physical layer, this is closest to the physical network medium, network cabling, for example and is responsible for placing information on the medium.

APPLICATION SOFTWARE Application Software consist of programs designed to make users more productive and assist with personal task. A widely used application software related to communications is a Web Browser, which allows users with internet connection to have access to different WebPages .Other popular application software includes word processing software, spreadsheet software, database software , presentation and graphic software , just to name a few.

A lot of other types of application software exist that enables users to perform a variety of tasks, these include personal information management, note taking, project management, accounting, document management, computer-aided designs, desktop publishing and so on.