ECOLOGIC MODEL

A. HYPOTHESIS Acute Renal Failure is a rapid loss of renal function due to the damage in the kidneys. Depending on the duration and severity of ARF, a wide range of potentially lifethreatening metabolic complications can occur. This condition is usually marked by a rise in
serum creatinine concentration or by azotemia (a rise in blood urea nitrogen [BUN] concentration)

In our patients condition we have perceived that the predisposing factors which contributed to the occurance of Acute Renal Failure is due to sedentary lifestyle, smoking, heart failure, and hypertension.

B. PREDISPOSING FACTORS 1. HOST

62 years old male

2. FACTORS Smoking Sedentary Lifestyle Heart Failure Hypertension

C. ECOLOGIC MODEL The wheel model primarily talks of the multiple causation or predisposing factors of the disease. It is used to show the relationship among different factors that contribute to the occurance of the disease.

ECOLOGIC MODEL

62 years old

Sedentary Lifestyle

Smoking

Acute Renal Failure

Male

Hypertension

Heart Failure

D. ANALYSIS The model shows that there are many contributing factors that causes Acute Renal Failure.

a. 62 years old - Acute renal failure (ARF) occurs most commonly in older adults. The limited data from small studies suggest that cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, such as hypertension, diabetes, and inflammatory markers, and clinical CVD may be associated not only with chronic kidney disease (CKD) but also ARF. These associations may be particularly important in the elderly, in whom CVD is prevalent. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov).

ECOLOGIC MODEL
b. MALE - Males and females are affected equally. (MedScape) c. Smoking - Heavy or long-term smokers have approximately a 50 percent increase in their risk of progressive kidney disease, reports a study in the August Journal of the American Society of Nephrology(Medical News Today). Smoking allows other toxins into the body. And according to the American Association of Kidney Patients (AAKP), studies have shown that smoking is harmful for the kidneys, and can cause kidney disease to progress and increases the risk for proteinuria(excessive amount of protein in the urine), Increasing blood pressure and heart rate, Reducing blood flow in the kidneys, Increasing production of angiotensin II (a hormone produced in kidney), Narrowing the blood vessels in the kidneys, Damaging arterioles (branches of arteries), Forming arteriosclerosis (thickening and hardening) of the renal (kidney) arteries, Accelerating loss of kidney function (DaVita.com). d. Heart Failure severe and prolonged heart failure, will result in tubule necrosis (Pathopyhsiology by. GOULD page514).

e. Hypertension - High blood pressure puts extra stress on all of your blood vessels, including your tiny, fragile kidney filters (nephrons). Hypertension is the number two cause of kidney failure (http://lifeoptions.org/kidneyinfo).

f. Sedentary Lifestyle - The combination of obesity, smoking, poor diet, and lack of exercise can increase a person's risk for kidney disease by more than 300%, independent of age, sex, and race, according to research(National Kidney Foundation 2011 Clinical Meetings).

ECOLOGIC MODEL
E. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS I therefore conclude that the patient has Acute Renal Failure because of his age; smoking, which can cause increases the risk for proteinuria, Increasing blood pressure and heart rate, Reducing blood flow in the kidneys, Increasing production of angiotensin II, Narrowing the blood vessels in the kidneys, Damaging arterioles, Forming arteriosclerosis of the renal arteries, and Accelerating loss of kidney function; heart failure which will result to necrosis if prolonged; hypertension which can cause stress to the nephrons; and having a sedentary lifestyle. Acute Renal Failure is one of the most danger diseases, because a failure in the kidney may lead to different complications. A severe ARF may lead to ESRD and if not treated it may lead to death. Inidividual who are at risk with this condition are encouraged to seek professional help to avaoid serious damage in the body.

Patient and family members should be given proper instruction and knowledge on how to help the patient to cope in his condition. Dealing with emotional stress and changes in his lifestyle. Patient way of living should be carefully understand to limit the anxiety and selfpity. Showing emotional, spiritual and moral support can aid the anxiety and self-pity of the patient. If family members adjusted to this kind of treatment to the patient, a recovery can be possibly.