COURSE WORK 2 TASK 1

During last PBS 2, we had be assign to observe and describe clearly an English lesson of any year from year one until year five that shows the teaching and learning of grammar or one of the language skills. My PBS 2 had at Sekolah Kebangsaan Tambak Paya, Km 13 Tambak Paya 75460 Melaka. The school just have two classes for each year and it is located at rural area. Madam Subaida Binti Alia Humad is an English teacher who helps me to give the golden opportunity observes during her class. She is English teacher for Year 4 Arif.

The theme of the lesson is World of Stories. This theme quit interesting because the teacher use a lot of teaching tools such as big story book, flash card and pictures. The dove and The Ant is the title or topic of the big story book. This story is about the Ant in trouble and really need help, so the Dove that passes nearby tried to give hand to the Ant. The Ant really thankful towards the Dove and remember the kindness of the Dove. Then, when the Dove in trouble when the hunter tried to shoot the Dove, the Ant come and helps the Dove by bitten the hunter toes. There is a lot of moral value from this story such as a good deed is rewarded by another good deed. So, it is really good story and suitable for the student with their level.

What I can see obviously in her lesson, she focuses on listening skill, speaking skill writing skill and grammar. This is because I can see it clearly in the activity that had been made. To get student attention, the teachers start the class with the game that is guessing game. In this activity the student will speak and try to answer the question correctly. If it is correct answer, it is meaning that student has listen carefully during the teacher describe the object, insect and many more. Student who can answer the question will come forward to paste the picture cards and write the answer at whiteboard.

After that the teacher talks about the pictures on the big story book cover and asking the question. Then, she read the story for the students. I realize that the students are really focused and alert when the story begin and every question that had been asked, the

students will able to answer it correctly based on the story. This activity also stresses about the listening and speaking skill of the student because before they can answer, they need to understand the story first, then they will make it correctly In conclusion, there are a lot of thing that I have learn from this task. For me, the skill or the lesson that had been practice by Madam Subaida Binti Alia Humad is very interesting and the objective had been achieved completely. I will use this experience and knowledge that I get from this task wisely in the future as the great teacher. (505 words)

COURSE WORK 2 TASK 2

From short course work 2 question numbers 2, the task want student to discuss of one learning theory with reference towards the lesson from the observation during PBS 2. For information, I have made my PBS 2 at Sekolah Kebangsaan Tambak Paya, Km 13 Tambak Paya 75460 Melaka. The school was located in rural area at Tambak Paya. In this school, I have made with Madam Subaida Binti Alia Humad. She is one of the English teachers in that school. I really thankful to her because she give me this golden opportunity to observe him during the lesson.

Although she teach student year 4, she always make sure that the student understand on what she tried to teach. This is because she always repeating the same words during her read the story for her students. Repeating the words will make the student always remember the words and understand it better. It also will make the student alert in the classroom. As we know, there are many theory in teaching and learning process such as behaviourism, cognitivism, social constructivism and humanism. From the observation, I have identified that she always apply the behaviourism theory in her class.

What is behaviourism theory? Based on Collin World English Dictionary behaviourism is a school of psychology that regards the objective observation of the behaviour of organisms usually by means of automatic recording devices as the only proper subject for study and that often refuse to postulate any intervening mechanisms between the stimulus and the response. In the other hand, based on John B. Watson he found that behaviourism also known as behavioural psychology is a theory of learning based upon the idea that all behaviours are acquired through conditioning. Conditioning occurs through interaction with the environment. Behaviourists believe that our responses to environmental stimuli shape our behaviours. There are two type of conditioning that is classic conditioning and operant conditioning.

Classic conditioning is founded by Russian psychologist that is Ivan Pavlov. He said that classical conditioning is a learning process that occurs through associations between an environmental stimulus and a naturally occurring stimulus. This skill has been practice by the Madam Subaida Binti Alia Humad. This is because she always repeating the same things or words to make sure the students in her class will understand on what she want to delivered during the lesson. So that, the student will able to remember or apply it during the next class or out from the class. This is because Ivan Pavlov had made his experiment towards the dog. Pavlov's classic experiment with dogs, the neutral signal was the sound of a tone and the naturally occurring reflex was salivating in response to food. By associating the neutral stimulus with the environmental stimulus the presentation of food, the sound of the tone alone could produce the salivation response. To apply this skill, I think it is really important to be familiar with the basic principle of the process like Madam Subaida Binti Alia Humad do.

Next is operant conditioning. Operant conditioning is deferent with classic conditioning, but Madam Subaida Binti Alia Humad also used this skill during my observation in her class. This is because she will give the rewards who those can answer her question such as applause, motivate and many more. Then the student will happy and enjoy the class without any stress. I believe that it is hard to make the student concentrate or focuses in the class in one hour. So, by doing this, the student will try to answer the question because they were motivated with the rewards that will be given. Based on psychologist B. F. Skinner, operant conditioning is a method of learning that occurs through rewards and punishments for behaviour. Through operant conditioning, an association is made between behaviour and a consequence for that behaviour.

As a behaviourist, Skinner believed that internal thoughts and motivations could not be used to explain behaviour. Instead, he suggested, we should look only at the external, observable causes of human behaviour. Skinner used the term operant to refer to any "active behaviour that operates upon the environment to generate consequences" (1953). In other words, Skinner's theory explained how we acquire the range of learned behaviours we exhibit each and every day. It is something important things to know, because as a teacher we always need the skill that can attract the student and make them focused in class so that they can understand better in order to make them become the successful student.

From my observation, I realize that Madam Subaida Binti Alia Humad is one of the great teachers in the school. This is because she can control the class and make everyone in the class participate with the activity that she had made. Every question that she asks will always be answer by her students. It is show that the students are active in the class and very understand the story that Madam Subaida Binti Alia Humad told them. That is why they can answer the question confidently and correctly. I think it is suitable for teacher to practice this theory for student in year 4 because it give a lot of benefit during and after the lesson such as learning something new, understand the concept, remember the lesson, apply the lesson in other situation and many more.

In conclusion, there are many theories that can be applied in the classroom. As a teacher, we should play our role to make sure that the teaching and learning process will become effective, informative and efficient. This is because our role as a teacher is to produce the human capital for our nation. It is our choice to choose the best theory to apply during the teaching and learning process. (997 words)

REFERENCE

alex. (2009, august 13). introduction of operant condition. Retrieved september 5, 2012, from http://psychology.about.com/od/behavioralpsychology/a/introopcond.htm

behaviourism. (2012, august 13). Retrieved september 5, 2012, from wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behaviorism

cherry, k. (2009, 09 22). http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/behaviorism. Retrieved september 5, 2012, from psycology: http://psychology.about.com/od/behavioralpsychology/a/classcond.htm

houghton. (2010, january 30). back to school. Retrieved september 5, 2012, from behaviourism: http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/behaviorism

INSTITUT PENDIDIKAN GURU KAMPUS DATO RAZALI ISMAIL 21030 KUALA TERENGGANU TERENGGANU DARUL IMAN PROGRAM IJAZAH SARJANA MUDA PERGURUAN (TESL) INTAKE JANUARY 2012 SHORT COURSEWORK ELT METHODOLOGY ( TSL3103 )

NAME MATRIC NUMBER IC NUMBER CLASS LECTURERS NAME SUBMISSION DATE

: WAN MUHAMMAD NASIRUDDIN BIN WAN OMAR : 124 708 : 921125 11 5765 : PISMP TESL 2 SEM 2 : HAJI NAZERI BIN MOHD AMIN : 19th SEPTEMBER 2012