LABORATORY EXMAINATIONS, NORMAL VALUES AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE

LABORATORY EXAM HEMATOLOGY Hemoglobin Count NORMAL VALUES PATIENTS VALUES SIGNIFICANCE

11.20 g%

12-14 g%

Hemoglobin is a main component of RBC and transports oxygen to tissues. It also helps carry carbon dioxide to the lungs. It is a colorless protein that brings color and iron to blood. Hemoglobin count is necessary for metabolism. It increases in dehydration and polycythemia vera; decreases in anemia, bleeding, and hemolysis. Hematocrit is the volume of RBC / 100 mL. It is increased in dehydration, and polycythemia; it is decreased in anemia and hemorrhage. Decrease is also evident in fluid overload. The hematocrit count is directly proportional to the hemoglobin count.

Hemtocrit Count

37-40 vol%

33.6 vol%

RBC WBC Count

4-5.9 4.5-11T/cumm

4 6800T/cumm
WBC (leukocytes) determines the fighting ability with bacteria. It usually detects infection or inflammation and is used to monitor response to chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Increases in infection, inflammation, dehydration; decreases in myelosuppression. Neutrophils are produced in 7-14 days, stays in the circulation for 6-8 hrs. And in tissue for 2-3 days. This is essential for phagocytosis. It is generally produced during bacterial infection (acute) or trauma. The segmented are the mature ones and the bands are the

Differential Count -Neutrophil(segmented)

55-70%

74%

immature ones, which multiply rapidly during acute bacterial infection or trauma. It increases in inflammatory disorders.

-Lymphocytes

20-30%

17%

Lymphocytes are essential for cellular immunity and functions in the formation of immunoglobins (Igs); it usually elevates in viral and chronic bacterial infection. Eosinophils are usually produced in allergic reaction and parasitic infection. It phagocytize antigen antibody complexes and foreign particles; it is a defense against parasitic infestation, allergic and inflammatory reactions. The monocyte functions in phagocytosis; It migrates to inflammatory exudates to phagocytize bacteria. It is normally increased in chronic inflammatory disease. type of white blood cell that are involved in inflammatory reactions in your body, especially those related to allergies and asthma.

-Eosinophil

1-4%

4%

-Monocytes

1-6%

10%

-Basophil

0%

ABG Analytes pH 7.35-7.45 7.581

indicates if a patient is acidemic (pH < 7.35; H+ >45) or alkalemic (pH > 7.45; H+ < 35) The carbon dioxide partial pressure (PCO2) is an indicator of CO2 production and elimination.

PCO2

35-45mmHg

33.8mmHg

P02

80-105mmHg

155

indicates whether the patient is oxygenating properly or not indicates whether a metabolic problem is present.

Bicarb

22-26

32

Base Excess

2-3

10

used for the assessment of the metabolic component of acid-base disorders, and indicates whether the patient has metabolic acidosis or metabolic alkalosis the sum of oxygen dissolved in plasma and chemically bound to hemoglobin.

O2 saturation

95-98%

95-98

SPUTUM EXAMINATION Proteas mirabilis (-) (+)

a common inhabitant of animal fecal material found particularly in infections of the eye, skin, urinary and respiratory tract. a species of gram-negative, nonspore-forming, motile bacteria that may cause various human diseases ranging from purulent meningitis to nosocomial infected wounds.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (-) (+)

Henry's Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods: Expert Consult, 22nd Edition : Richard A. McPherson MD, Matthew R. Pincus MD PhD