GPS SIGNAL STRUCTURE

IMASIG-1

GPS SIGNAL PARAMETERS

PARAMETER
CODE CLOCK RATE - Rc CODE LENGTH DATA RATE TRANSMISSION FREQUENCY

C/A SIGNAL
1.023 MCHIPS/SEC 1023 CHIPS (1 ms) 50 BITS/SEC L1 = 1575.42 MHz = 1540 Rc

P SIGNAL
10.23 MCHIPS/SEC 6 TRILLION CHIPS (1 WEEK) 50 BITS/SEC L1 = 1575.42 MHz = 154 Rc L2 = 1227.6 MHz = 120 Rc

DATA INCLUDES
TELEMETRY SYNCHRONIZATION INFORMATION (PREAMBLE, TIME) SATELLITE CLOCK AND EPHEMERIS PARAMETERS ALMANACS IONOSPHERIC DELAY AND UTC TIME MODELS
IMASIG-2

MATHEMATICAL SIGNAL REPRESENTATION

sL1 ( t ) = AP( t ) D( t )cos 2 f1t + 01 + 2 AC(t ) D(t )sin 2 f1t + 01 sL2 ( t ) =
A P( t ) D ( t ) cos 2 f 2 t + 02 2

A = L1 P SIGNAL AMPLITUDE

af af Da t f = 1 MESSAGE DATA BIT SEQUENCE

P t AND C t = 1 P AND C/A CODE PRN SEQUENCES

f1 AND f 2 = L1 AND L2 CARRIER FREQUENCIES 01 AND 02 = AMBIGUOUS L1 AND L2 CARRIER PHASES

IMASIG-3

PRN CODES

af af a f Pat f = X 1at f X 2 t + ai 1fT

Ci t = G1 t G2 t + nTc i
i

- FOR SATELLITE i - ni = INTEGER [1 TO 1023] ASSIGNED TO SATELLITE i FOR C/A CODE - i TAKES ON INTEGER VALUES BETWEEN 1 AND 37 FOR P CODE

Tc = C/A CODE CHIP WIDTH = 1/1.023 106 SECONDS Tp = P CODE CHIP WIDTH = 1/10.23 106 SECONDS

IMASIG-4

GPS SIGNAL WAVEFORM - L1 CHANNEL

IMASIG-5

GPS SIGNAL RECEIVED POWER

L1 FREQUENCY (1575.42 MHz)
C/A CODE: -160 dBW (10 16 WATTS)* P CODE: -163 dBW (5 10 17 WATTS)*

L2 FREQUENCY (1227.6 MHz)

P CODE: -166 dBW (2.5 1017 WATTS)*

ACTUAL LEVELS ARE 5-6 dB HIGHER

*INCLUDES 2 dB ATMOSPHERIC LOSS
IMASIG-6

RECEIVED GPS SIGNAL POWER

RECEIVED SIGNAL POWER - dBm

0

20

40

60

80

90

ELEVATION ANGLE - DEGREES

IMASIG-7

PRN CODE SPECTRAL PROPERTIES P CODE SPECTRAL DENSITY S spi

af

sin 2 fTc f = Ppi Tc 2 , < f < fTc

a f a f

- Tc = P CODE CHIP WIDTH -

Ppi = P CODE CARRIER POWER

- BANDLIMITED TO PROTECT RADIO ASTRONOMERS

-- PREVENTS A RECEIVER FROM ACHIEVING FULL CORRELATION -- RESULTS IN CORRELATION LOSS DUE TO FILTERING

IMASIG-8

PRN CODE SPECTRAL PROPERTIES (CONTINUED) C/A CODE SPECTAL DENSITY SHORT 1 MILLISECOND REPEATING CODE LINE SPECTRUM WITH COMPONENTS c ji , j = to + 1 kHz APART
j =+ j = -

ji

= Pci

Pci = C/A CODE CARRIER POWER

ENVELOPE OF LINE SPECTRUM

-

S ci

af

sin 2 fTc f = 1000 Pci Tc 2 fTc

a f a f
IMASIG-9

GPS SIGNAL POWER SPECTRAL DENSITY

IMASIG-10

PRN 2 C/A CODE SPECTRAL DENSITY

0 -10 -20 -30 -40 -50 -60 -70 -80 -90 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 PRN 2 LINE SPECTRUM ENVELOPE

C/A CODE SPECTRAL DENSITY - dBc/Hz

FREQUENCY OFFSET - kHz

IMASIG-11

C/A CODER WITH INITIAL G2 STATE

+

9 10

G1(t)

G1 CODER CODE CLOCK SET TO ALL 1'S

+
G1(t)G2(t+n iT ) c

INITIALIZE

G2 STATE INITIAL G2 STATE

1 2 3 4

5 6 7

8 9 10 G2(t+niTc)

+
G2 CODER

IMASIG-12

TYPICAL P CODER IMPLEMENTATION

RESET RESET COUNT TO 403,199 (ONE WEEK)

4092 DECODE

X1A EPOCHS 2.5 kHz

3750

FOR X1 EPOCH

Z COUNTER X1 1.5 SEC EPOCHS

Z-COUNT

X1A 4092 CHIPS 15,345,000 CHIPS

+
X1B 4093 CHIPS 10.23 MHz X1 CODE GENERATOR

RESET

COUNT 3750 EPOCHS PLUS 37 CHIPS

P(t) = X1(t)X2[t+(i-1)Tp]

X2A DELAY i CHIPS FOR SATELLITE i

+
X2B X2 CODE GENERATOR

15,345,037 CHIPS

IMASIG-13