CAPE - 2001 Pure Mathematics - Unit 2 Paper 02 Section A (Module 1)

( a)

The parametric equations of a curve are given by x ( i) Show that dy dx t3 et t t2 ( t 1 3) y t . et [4 marks]

( ii )

Hence state the values of t for which the derivative of the curve is not defined [3 marks]

( iii )

Determine the equation of the tangent at the stationary point on the curve [3 marks]

(b)

Using the derivatives of sin x and cos x with respect to x show that the derivative of tan x with respect to x is sec2 x tan . x y2 6 3 [3 marks] [5 marks]

( c)

A curve has equation dy dx

where

0< x <

( i)

Show that

( ii )

Hence calculate the exact coordinates of the point on the curve at which the gradient is equal to 2 [6 marks]

( iii )

Find an expression for

d y dx2 t . et et 3t e
2 t

in terms of y

[2 marks]

( a)

( i)

dy dx

t e

dy dx

et . ( t e t (t
t 2.

1) 3)

shown

( ii )

t = 0 and t = -3

( iii )

dy dx

t = -1

tangentx , y d sin . x dx cos . x

1 e

1 e

y x

2 e

(b)

d tan . x dx

cos . x . ( cos . x )

sin . x . ( sin . x )
2

( cos . x )

sec2 x

( c)

( i)

dy dx

sec2 x

dy dx dy dx

tan2 x

y2

( ii )

y2

2 6

y = -1, 1 3 4 4 6 ,1 12 d2 y dx
2

tan . x

x 12

7 > 12 3

stationary point at

( iii )

d 1 dx

2 y.

dy dx

2 y. 1

( a)

Find
x 2 x.e dx

( i)

[4 marks]

( ii )

(x

x 4).( 6

x)

dx

[5 marks]

(b)

The rate at which an air refreshener block evaporates is directly proportional to its volume. At time t weeks the volume of the block is V cm3 ( i) Denoting the positive constant of proportionality by k write down a differential equation relating V and t [2 marks] ( ii ) ( iii ) Hence show that V A.e
kt

where A is a constant

[4 marks]

Given that A and k are both positive sketch a graph showing the variation of V with t [2 marks]

( iv )

Initially the air refreshener block has volume 64 cm3. It loses half its volume after 6 weeks. Calculate the exact values of k and A [4 marks]

(v)

The air refreshener block becomes ineffective when its volume reaches 6 cm 3. Calculate the time to the nearest week at which the block would be replaced [4 marks] 2 x . ex d x 2 x . ex 2 ex 2 ex ( x

( a)

( i)

1)

( ii )

(x

x 4) ( 6

x) 2 ( 5. ( x 4)) 3 (5.( 6 x))

expands in partial fractions to

2 5 (x 4)

3 dx 5 ( x 6)

2 . ln ( x 5

4)

3 . ln ( x 5

6)

ln . C

(b)

( i)

dV dt

kV

( ii )

1 dV V

k dt

ln. V A.e
kt

kt

C eC

kt

( iii )
1

0.5

2 t

( iv )

64

A.e

k .( 0 )

64

64 e

kt

32

64 e

k .( 6 )

1 6

ln.

1 2

1 . ln 2 6

ln .2 . t

(v)

64 e

1 6

ln. 2 t

ln.

6 64

2.367 0.116

t = 20 weeks

Section B (Module 2)

( a)

( i)

Prove by mathematical induction that n r3 r=1 n2 ( n 4 1)2

[8 marks]

n ( ii ) Deduce that r=1 (b) Given that the sum of the first n terms of a series S is ( i) ( ii ) ( iii ) ( c) ( i) find the nth term of S show that S is a geometric progression find the sum to infinity of S Use the fact that 1 k 1 k 1 1 . ( k 1) k to show that 9 32
n

( 2 r)3

2 n2 ( n

1 )2

[2 marks]

[3 marks] [3 marks] [2 marks]

n k=1 1 k. ( k 1 ) 1 1 n 1 [4 marks]

( ii ) Deduce that k=1

1 k. ( k 1 )

[3 marks]

( a)

assume

An A1

n2 ( n 1 ) 2 4 1 A2 9

is true A1 and A2 are true

let n = k

Ak

k2 ( k 1 ) 2 4 k ( k 1) 4
2 2 3

for the (k + 1)th term

Ak

(k

1)

Ak

(k
1

1)

k 4

4k

Ak

(k
1

1) (k 4

2)

since

Ak

is true for A1 and A2

An

is true for all n N

n ( ii ) 8. r=1 r3

8 n2 ( n 4

1)2

(b)

( i)

Sn

Sn

32

32

(n

1)

Tn

33

32

( ii )

Tn

2 . 32

Tn

2 . 33

Tn Tn
1

32 3
3

n n

1 3

( iii )

T1

S 1

6 1 3

( c)

( i)

1 k

1 k 1

k 1 k k . ( k 1)

shown

Sn

1 1

1 2

1 2

1 3

...

1 n 1

1 n

1 n

1 n 1

Sn

1 n 1

( ii ) n

lim

1 n 1

( a)

Explain carefully and in your own words the Newton-Raphson method for numrically determining the root of the equation f (x) = 0 where f (x) is a continuous and differentiable function [9 marks]

(b)

( i)

Sketch the functions y = sin x and y = x2 on the same pair of axes and state why the function f. ( x ) has exactly two real roots sin . x x2 [4 marks]

( ii )

Construct a table for the function f (x) = sin x - x2 for x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1 [3 marks]

( iii ) ( iv )

Give the interval in which the non-zero root of f (x) lies Starting with a first approximation of find a better approximation

[3 marks]

[3 marks] (v) Calculate the value of to 3 decimal places [3 marks]

( a) Take a series of tangents at say Pn on y = f (x), solving for x at y = 0 gives x1 ~ 1. By a series of iterations x ~ n, where is an approximate root of f (x) = 0. Depending on the degree of accuracy can be determined. (b) ( i)

sin ( v ) 2 v 1 0 1 2

1 v

2 points of intersection of y = sin x and y = x2 implies 2 real roots

( ii )

x f. ( x )

0 0

0.25 0.185

0.5 0.229

0.75 0.119

1.0 0.159

( iii )

0.75 < x < 1.0 sin . ( 0.75 ) 0.75 cos . ( 0.75 ) 2 . ( 0.75 )
2

( iv )

x0

0.75

x1

0.75

x1

0.9051

x2

0.9051

sin ( 0.9051 ) 0.90512 cos . ( 0.9051 ) 2 ( 0.9051 ) sin ( 0.8777 ) 0.87772 cos ( 0.8777 ) 2 ( 0.8777 )

x2

0.8777

x3

0.8777

x3

0.8767

~ 0.877 (3 dec pl)

Section C (Module 3)

( a)

A die numbered 1 to 6 is biased in such a way that a 6 is twice as likely as any other score. Find P (6) the probability that a six shows when this die is thrown [3 marks]

(b)

Three dice two of which are biased as in 5 (a) above and the other fair are thrown ( i) Draw a tree diagram to represent the throwing of the three dice showing the probabilities of sixes and not sixes [12 marks] ( ii ) ( iii ) Find the probability that exactly one 6 turns up [5 marks]

Find the probability that when one 6 turns up it appears on the fair die [5 marks] ( a) P. ( 6) 2 7 2 7
2

(b)

( i)

on biased dice P (6) =

(independent)

P. 6

2 7

on fair die P (6) =

1 6

P. 6

5 6

let the biased dice be denoted as D (A) and D (B) with the fair die be denoted as D (F)

( ii ) P . 6D ( A ) P . 6

P (one six) = P. 6 P . 6D ( B ) P . 6 P. 6 P. 6

D( B )

D( F)

D( A)

D( F)

P . 6D ( F ) P . 6

D( A)

D( B )

2 7

5 7

5 6

5 7

5 7

1 6

P (one six) = 0.425

( iii )

P (fair die given one six) =

P . ( fair . die. and . one . six) P . ( one . six) 0.20

5 7

1 6

0.425

At the start of a month a customer owes a credit card company $1 000.00. In the middle of the month the customer pays $P to the company where P < 1 000.00 and at the end of the month the company adds interest at the rate R of 3 % of the amount still owing. This process is repeated in each subsequent month ( a) Find the value of P for which the customer owes $1 000.00 at the start of every month [6 marks] (b) Find the value of P for which the whole amount is paid off after the second payment [6 marks] ( c) Assuming that the debt has not been paid off after 4 payments show that the amount still owing at the beginning of the fifth month can be expressed as PR . R4 R 1 1

1000 R4

dollars

where R = 1.03

[6 marks]

(d)

Show that the value of P for which the whole amount owing is exactly paid off after the nth payment is given by

1000 R

n n

(R 1

1)

[7 marks]

( a)

1000 1000

( 1000 ( 1000

P)

( 1000

P ) ( 0.03 ) P = $29.13

P ) ( 1.03 )

(b)

[(1000 - P)(1.03) - P] = 0

P = $507.39

( c)

end of first month: end of second month:

Amount

( 1000

P ) ( 1.03 )

[(1000 - P)(1.03) - P] + [ (1000 - P)(1.03) - P] (0.03)

[(1000 - P)(1.03) - P] (1.03) ( 1000 P ) ( 1.03 ) 2 P . ( 1.03 ) ( 1000 Amount P ) ( 1.03 ) 3 P ) ( 1.03 ) 4 P . ( 1.03 ) 2 P . ( 1.03 ) 3 Amount

end of third month:

end of fourth month: ( 1000 ) ( 1.03 ) 4

( 1000

Amount

P . ( 1.03 ) 4 PR 2 PR 3

P . ( 1.03 ) 3 PR . 1 R2

consider

PR

...

...

GP with first term 1 and common ratio R (R > 1) 1 . R4 1 R 1 Amount 1000 R

4

S4

beginning of fifth month:

PR . R 1 R 1
4

(d)

1000 R

PR . R 1 R 1
n

PR . R

1000 R ( R

1)

1000 R ( R R. R
n

1)

1000 R

n n

(R 1

1)

10