INDEX

Abrahall, Chandos H., 15860, 162, 168

acceptability, 14, 378, 43, 534, 58, 67,
130, 138
adventurers, 7, 28, 31, 111, 129, 168, 168,
174, 179
Akaitcho, 97, 1056
Alaska, 3
Aleutian Islands, 62
alter egos, 15, 42, 57
Anderson, Charles, 734, 76
Anglicanism, 36, 140
animality, 47, 712
animals, 9, 21, 49, 534, 59, 64, 71, 81, 103,
11011, 113, 115, 127, 150, 161
anonymity, 32, 49, 79, 834, 91, 118,
1456, 173
anthropology, 7, 106
appropriation, 119
Armstrong, Alexander, 51
Armstrong, Walter, 177
Art Journal, 174, 177
Arthur, King, 27
Arundel, Lord, 24
Athenaeum, 126, 1312, 173
Attic Chest, 82, 84, 89, 103
Augustus, 95, 1079
Aupilaarjuk, Mariono, 149
Austin, Henry, 61, 159
authority, 15, 24, 38, 434, 467, 119, 123

Banks Island, 62
Baptiste, 106
barbarity, 72
Barentsz, Willem, 212, 85
Barren Grounds, 25, 40, 105
Barrow, John, 12, 9, 145, 19, 37, 67, 81,
847, 91, 93, 95, 978, 1389, 141,
158
Barrow Strait, 41
Barrows Bay, 46
Bathurst, Henry, 989
Beaufort Bay, 104
Beechey, William, 95, 97, 1045
Beechey Island, 11516, 120
Belcher, Edward, 61, 634, 1212, 131
beliefs, 5, 20, 33, 43, 94, 1401, 148
Bering Strait, 44, 62, 95, 127
Bible, 34, 142
Blackmore, R. D., 156
Blake, Robert, 159, 1645
Blake, William, 159, 1645
blood, 712, 104, 145, 161, 167
bodies, 64, 68, 72, 76, 109, 132, 135, 145,
161, 164
Bolckow, H. W. F., 173
Booth, Felix, 810, 33, 38, 48
Boothia Peninsula, 33, 131
Bourne, William Oland, 93
Boyle, Robert, 22
British Museum, 49
Britishness, 39, 177
Brodie, Erasmus, 158, 160, 168
Brown, Capability, 105
Buchan, David, 8, 28, 31, 39, 845
burials, 13, 68, 92, 139, 161, 163
Burke, Edmund, 145

Copyright

Back, George, 30, 956, 99, 105, 108

Bacon, Francis, 160
Baffin, William, 1, 44
Baffin Bay, 8, 28, 30, 38, 41, 436, 60, 115,
143
Baffin Island, 6, 137

217

218

Arctic Exploration in the Nineteenth Century

Canadians, 713, 101, 105

cannibalism, 14, 16, 30, 335, 42, 72, 113,
1335
canoes, 54, 110
Cape Byat Martin, 59
Cape Farewell, 22
Cape Horn, 104
Cape Melville, 42
Cape Swinburne, 156
Cape York, 149
capital, 45, 107
capitalism, 57, 11
caricature, 2, 49, 54, 589, 171
censorship, 15, 47, 67, 767
Charles I (king of England), 24
Charles II (king of England), 7
Charlton Island, 234
charting, 8, 29, 42, 44, 46, 49, 5960, 95,
111, 119, 137, 159, 163, 166, 175
China, 31, 77, 183
Chipewyans, 105
Christianity, 27, 36, 52, 98, 124, 138, 1403,
153
civilization, 5, 39, 52, 546, 725, 86, 104,
111, 133, 148, 152, 181
Clarence, Duke of, 109
class, 47, 60, 70, 83, 87, 101
climate, 24, 845
cold, 234, 27, 29, 71, 76, 95, 97, 100, 113,
142, 1457, 159, 163, 167, 176
Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, 85, 157, 164, 166
Collier, John, 172
Collinson, Richard, 613, 67
colonialism, 1, 7, 53, 101, 113
Columbus, Christopher, 39, 46
comic, 54, 58, 73, 1467
commerce, 1, 3, 7, 12, 31, 56, 83, 86, 172
common seamen, 15, 32, 41, 445, 61, 70,
101, 147
communication, 51, 73, 90
condescension, 53, 56, 60, 71
conquest, 7, 148, 182
Conrad, Joseph, 111
Conybeare (Mount), 111
Cook, James, 12, 20, 223, 47, 67, 109, 141,
143, 147
cooking, 812, 105
copper, 25

Copper Indians, 105, 150

Coppermine River, 256, 30, 95, 98, 112
correspondence, 98, 115, 174
costs, 34, 811, 13, 44, 478, 65, 67, 84,
11617, 120
courage, 21, 27, 301, 36, 41, 71, 99, 104,
108, 118, 1389
Cracroft, Sophia, 92, 12830
Craik, Dinah Mulock, 93
Crantz, David, 856
credibility, 378, 47, 50
Crimea, 30, 66, 115
criticism, 3, 9, 11, 26, 31, 33, 43, 456,
689, 75, 181
Croker, John Wilson, 9, 46, 81, 84
Crokers Mountains, 30, 32, 36
Cruikshank, George, 49, 58
culture, 25, 167, 25, 523, 578, 72, 109,
11920, 148, 1523, 181, 183
Cumberland Strait, 45, 59
cupidity, 39
curiosity, 14, 19, 21

Copyright

dancing, 45, 523, 56, 76, 1067

Danes, 512, 54, 85
Davis, John, 21, 85
Davis Strait, 37, 41
Dealy Island, 63, 66
De Fuca, Juan, 22, 24
De la Sizeranne, Robert, 177
desolation, 105, 142, 148, 151
dialects, 445
Dickens, Charles, 35, 72
Dickinson, Emily, 93
diplomacy, 14, 19, 109
Disco, 45
divine providence, 201, 28, 32, 69, 112,
140
Dodd, Charles R., 51
Dog-Ribs (Indians), 1056
dogs, 52, 77, 100, 111, 183
domination, 37
Domville, Dr., 656, 75
Donat, Robert, 178
Donne, John, 145
Doten, Lizzie, 93
Douglas, John (Bishop), 22
Drake, Francis, 7, 13, 1645

Index

219

Dryden, John, 58
Duranty, Edmond, 176

Frankenstein, 1, 31, 87
Franklin, Jane, 16, 79, 90, 101, 104
Franklin, John, 13, 8, 10, 12, 1516, 19, 26,
election, 146, 153
31, 614, 72, 79, 155, 162, 165, 182
electricity, 31, 102
Friedrich, Caspar David, 3
elegy, 3, 16, 113, 132, 162, 164, 165
Frobisher, Martin, 67, 21, 30, 85
Elizabeth I (queen of England), 67, 20,
frustration, 2, 15, 120, 173, 182
312, 40, 146, 156, 15960
Fry, Roger, 180
Empire, 12, 29, 301, 35, 39, 49, 59, 801, Fun (magazine), 171
103, 109, 111, 119, 138, 141, 153, 163, funerals, 91, 158, 160, 174
173, 181
fur trade, 256, 31, 42, 109
encounters, 910, 1516, 516, 86, 967,
Fury Beach, 9, 34, 468, 76, 103, 11617,
106, 131, 1379, 153
137
endurance, 201, 30, 74, 85, 108, 137, 157,
162
gallantry, 21, 28, 401, 69, 71, 91, 129,
Enlightenment, 25, 141, 149
158, 161
entertainments, 445, 82, 84, 106, 143,
Gell, Eleanor, 120
147, 151
Gell, John Phillip, 128
epic, 3, 28, 63, 848, 90, 93, 96, 102, 108,
Gellibrand, Henry, 23
112, 1578, 160, 162, 165, 173
gender, 80, 83, 87, 90, 97, 1023, 119
Ervick, 56
genre, 14, 23, 3841, 43, 45, 55, 57, 59, 158
Esquimaux, 15, 37, 39, 413, 45, 47, 49,
genre painting, 172, 177, 179, 183
517, 5960, 72, 1089, 138, 143,
geography, 1, 9, 20, 21, 25, 28, 29, 35, 37, 44,
14952
67, 88, 102, 117, 121, 123, 143
ethnicity, 60, 70
gifts (presents), 55, 79, 87, 104, 105, 107,
ethnography, 143, 152
143, 159, 169
Eurocentrism, 150, 153
God, 5, 11, 1924, 30, 36, 58, 65, 74, 76, 97,
evil, 63, 76, 146
113, 122, 127, 13845, 1523, 165
Ewerat, 152
Graham, James, 11516, 1212, 130
Exposition Universelle, Paris (1878), 176
Great Bear Lake, 99, 106
Great Fish River, 132
failure, 3, 6, 910, 22, 278, 38, 42, 44,
Great Slave Lake, 99
4851, 112, 121, 1247, 1578, 162,
Green Stockings, 101
173
Greene, Henry, 22
faith, 5, 1921, 23, 130, 140, 146, 148, 153
Greenland, 513, 60, 856, 14950
fame, 6, 14, 20, 38, 44, 47, 85, 89, 101, 118
Griffith, Jane, see Franklin, Jane
femininity, 16, 80, 93, 96, 1024, 112,
Grosvenor Gallery, 171, 174
11819, 1612
Grosvenor, Lord, 82, 88
Fildes, Luke, 171
grotesque, 51, 54, 57, 59, 73, 106
flags, see Union Jacks
Flaxman, John, 83, 89
Hakluyt, Richard, 20
Flaxman Island, 111
happiness, 1445, 1512
flogging, 767
Hare (Indians), 1056
fog, 16, 25, 27, 62, 74, 11113, 173
Harrison, Edwin, 168
Foggy Island, 11112
Harrison, John, 23
Fort Enterprise, 989, 105
health, 32, 62, 66, 68, 71, 80, 901, 103,
Fort Franklin, 105
116, 123, 127, 143, 147
Fort Providence, 42
Hearne, Samuel, 257, 30

Copyright

220

Arctic Exploration in the Nineteenth Century

hegemony, 75, 104, 109

hell, 111, 145
Hepburn, John, 101
heroism, 2, 6, 278, 324, 36, 38, 401,
434, 48, 501, 5860, 74, 77, 7981,
83, 86, 901, 93, 957, 102, 11112,
116, 11819, 121, 126, 129, 1335,
1389, 142, 15560, 1633, 166,
1714, 1812
Herschel, John, 32
Herschel Island, 111
hierarchy, 15, 103
Highlanders, 15, 558, 60, 105, 149
Homer, 155, 158, 160, 162
honesty, 100, 1501
honours, 41, 48, 501, 77, 93, 102, 107, 129,
13940
Hood, Robert, 956, 98, 1001, 110
Hope, George, 32, 37, 41, 46
Hopkins, Gerard Manley, 17, 1745, 183
Hoppner, Henry Parkyns, 468, 52
House, Humphry, 180
hubris, 23, 14, 19, 32, 36, 182
Hudson, Henry, 12, 39, 172
Hudsons Bay Company, 1, 7, 24, 26, 99,
106, 1312
Hudsons Strait, 151
humanism, 201
Humboldt, Alexander von, 24
humility, 6, 81, 97, 1257
hunger, 71, 76, 95, 97, 100, 113, 149
hybridity, 524, 71

interaction, 105, 151

interpreters, 15, 514, 61, 76, 95, 100,
1067, 109, 113
intertextuality, 58, 1645
Inughuit, 8, 557, 58
Inuit, 9, 156, 29, 517, 602, 68, 723, 95,
113, 119, 131, 143, 14853
Iroquois (Indians), 9
Jack (nickname), 53, 701
Jackson, John, 189
James, Henry, 173
Jopling, Louise, 182
journals, 43, 49, 61, 64, 73, 767, 106, 110
Kallie, 52
Kay, Henrietta, 823
Kellett, Henry, 627, 70, 75
Kendall, Edward Nicholas, 956, 99, 107,
110
Kennedy, J. F. (US President), 1011
Keskarrah, 105
King William Island, 2
knightliness, 911, 13, 41, 501, 77, 83, 92
Knox, Robert, 72

Copyright
identity, 1, 109
ideology, 11, 20, 43, 69, 81, 141, 181
Igloolik, 143, 150
Iligliuk, 1512
illustrations, 42, 46, 49, 52, 568, 812, 96,
98, 105, 1089, 111, 112, 171, 1734
imitation, 539, 75, 139, 168
imposture, 22, 41, 51, 153
Indians, 15, 51, 62, 96100, 1057, 143
indolence, 100
industriousness, 77, 11819
inscape (and instress), 17, 1735, 183
instructions (official), 16, 25, 31, 44, 51,
989, 102, 11617, 124, 131, 143
instruments, 20, 223, 25, 279, 34, 108

Lake Huron, 103

Lancaster Sound, 2, 30, 32, 34, 38, 40, 42,
459, 59
landscapes, 1, 3, 17, 82, 95, 103, 105, 111,
142, 145, 156, 172, 175, 183
Landseer, Edwin, 113
language, 15, 37, 52, 54, 601, 73, 75, 87,
105, 11819, 122, 152
Leopolds Islands, 46
literacy, 34, 65, 147
logbooks, 45, 49, 61, 64, 667, 75
loss, 3, 79, 1213, 16, 30, 64, 66, 108, 132,
134, 148, 1579, 162, 173
Loucheux (Indians), 96
Lough Swilly, 30
Lowlanders, 15, 60
Lyon, George Francis, 1467, 151
Macaulay, James, 138, 140
Mackenzie, Alexander, 267, 30
Mackenzie River, 30, 62, 95, 110, 112
madness, 77, 163
Magnetic Pole, 9, 22, 33, 48

Index
magnetism, 1023, 113, 143
Malaurie, Jean, 143, 149, 152
manuscripts, 70, 74, 76
mapping, 10, 41, 44, 47, 50, 63, 98, 102,
104, 107, 111, 173
Marshuick, 56
masculinity, 2, 16, 29, 35, 40, 434, 80, 83,
87, 96, 1012, 161, 172, 178, 1812
McClintock, Leopold Francis, 2, 10, 17, 93,
127, 1345, 1567, 160
McClure, Robert Le Mesurier, 2, 15, 61,
121, 123, 1323
Meigack, 56
Mercy Bay, 62, 69
Melville, Lord, 49
Melville Island, 623, 68, 121
memory, 22, 66, 93, 98, 101, 134
mentalities, 180
metaphor, 48, 145, 166
metaphysical poetry, 145
Mickle, William, 86
Miertsching, Johann, 61, 64, 747
Millais, John Everett, 23, 17, 171
Millais, John Guille, 181
Millington, John, 85
Milton, John, 141, 146, 152, 165
missionaries, 52, 85
Mitford, Mary Russell, 88, 90
mobility (social), 15, 75
modernism, 158, 173, 177
Montezuma, 58
Moravians, 61, 85
mosquitoes, 111
mourning, 23, 22, 1302, 159
Murray, John, 9, 26, 32, 34, 38, 401, 43, 45,
81, 834, 138
mutineers, 223, 39
myth, 12, 67, 1517, 41, 43, 67, 74, 77,
86, 100, 102, 104, 109, 1578, 1601,
1713, 1823

221

National Portrait Gallery, 180

nationalism, 1011, 17, 158, 168
natural sciences, 7, 25, 31, 54, 96, 99, 101,
143, 147, 161, 164, 175
Nelson, Admiral, 11, 156, 150, 1645
Nelson, James, 15, 61, 657, 6970, 746
Netsilik, 9
Niagara Falls, 101
North Georgia Gazette, 28, 144, 146
North West Company, 99
Northeast Passage, 19
Observation Island, 149
obsession, 24, 33, 63, 117, 133, 167
Obstruction Rapids, 1001
Olympic Peninsula, 22
Oolingbuck, 95
optical illusions, 42, 55, 102, 111
Orient, 6, 31
Osborn, Sherard, 15, 61, 159
oxymorons, 53, 156, 163

Copyright

naming, 467, 59
Nansen, Fritjhof, 174
Napoleon, 1, 14, 19, 289, 389, 155
Nares, George, 10
narrativization, 43, 45, 62, 183
NASA, 1113
Nash, Richard Beau, 523

Pacific Ocean, 6, 22, 29, 38, 401, 61, 143

paradise, 141, 146, 152
parody, 49, 59
Parry, the Rev. E., 139
Parry, William Edward, 3, 89, 1516, 21,
28, 34, 67, 967, 1045, 109, 137
pastoral zeal, 16, 153
paternalism, 16, 77, 150, 153
patience, 104, 108, 139, 140, 157, 167
patriotism, 3, 71, 801, 85, 87, 97, 102, 141,
146, 148, 156, 1589, 1713, 176,
179, 181
Peary, Robert, 10, 84
picturesque, 103, 110, 145, 183
piety, 21, 69, 89, 1401
Pillage Point, 108
Pim, Bedford, 63, 75, 77
poems, 1617, 23, 65, 838, 93, 96, 1012,
1445, 150, 155
Point Anxiety, 112
Point Back, 68
Point Griffin, 104
Point Turnagain, 100
Point Warren, 71
Porden, Eleanor, 15, 79, 967, 1014, 112,
129

222

Arctic Exploration in the Nineteenth Century

Porden, William, 889

portraits, 523, 56, 168, 174
Portugal, 86
postcolonialism, 119, 181
postmodernism, 180
precariousness, 37, 46
Pre-Raphaelites, 162, 180
Prince Regents Bay, 556
Prince Regents Inlet, 9, 46, 137
private ventures, 810, 33, 39, 48, 1268,
179
privateering, 7
Protestantism, 16, 86, 1401
Punch, 17980
Purchas, Samuel, 20, 27, 41, 44
Quakers, 143
Quarterly Review, 312, 35, 49, 845
quotations, 201, 26, 323, 35, 412, 47,
57, 65, 74, 91, 143, 1601
race, 39, 523, 60, 70, 724, 176, 181
Rae, John, 2, 35, 63, 723, 1315
Ralegh, Walter, 7, 1801
Rasmussen, Knud, 150
readership, 19, 2231, 36, 41, 45, 50, 55,
67, 845, 87, 95, 99, 1002, 110, 148,
151, 160
Reagan, Ronald (US President), 1213
religion, 5, 22, 27, 79, 89, 97, 13940, 147,
1523, 175
representation, 2, 1314, 21, 38, 424, 53,
901, 113, 11819, 1734
reputation, 15, 33, 38, 43, 49, 823, 101,
118, 152
rewards, 50, 63, 756, 1323, 137
rhetoric, 1112, 1416, 19, 23, 30, 31, 33,
35, 378, 423, 45, 501, 5960, 75,
97, 106, 117, 119, 122, 126, 138, 142,
146, 148, 156, 160, 162, 175
Richardson, John, 51, 89, 95, 104, 107, 110,
112
risk, 3, 24, 29, 75, 83, 98, 10910, 117, 120,
1223, 126, 131
rivalries, 50, 99, 171
Robinson, Henry Crabb, 89
romance, 38, 45, 83, 85, 95, 103, 110
Romanzoff Chain, 10910

Ross, James Clark, 89, 37, 48, 61, 125, 159

Ross, John, 13, 810, 1415, 278, 304,
37, 139, 149, 153
Royal Academy, 17, 171
Royal Geographical Society, 93
Royal Institution, 82, 845, 101
Royal Society, 22, 34, 1401
Rupert, Prince, 24
Rushdie, Salman, 180
Ruskin, John, 179
Russia, 85, 10910, 120, 148
Sabine, Edward, 37, 43, 49, 567, 144, 146
Sacheuse, John, 517
sacredness, 5, 7, 9, 13, 129
sacrifice, 1, 38, 41, 43, 80, 97, 1034, 116,
123, 1269, 158, 182
satire, 49, 58, 11819, 171, 179
science, 79, 13, 20, 40, 846, 96, 1013,
110, 139, 141, 1434, 160
Scoresby, William ( Jr.), 125, 127
scorn, 20, 83, 125, 128
Scots, 15, 37, 48, 524, 5860, 66, 72, 99,
105, 149
Scott, Walter, 81
Scott-Heron, Gil, 11
Shakespeare, William, 15960, 178
shamanism, 152
Shaw, George Bernard, 1789
Shelley, Mary, 12, 31, 36, 87, 102
Shelley, Percy Bisshe, 162, 164, 168, 174
Swinburne, Algernon Charles, 1, 3, 1617,
155, 174
Sickert, Walter, 178
Sir George Hopes Monument, 46
Somerset Island, 47, 62
Southampton Island, 137
Southey, Robert, 81
South-East Bay, 52
space, 10, 37, 107, 111, 163, 166
Spain, 24, 58
spectacle, 59, 72, 97, 10011, 119, 126, 172
spheres, 801, 90, 93, 96, 119
spirituality, 21, 27, 46, 127, 144, 1478,
1523
St Germain, 100
status, 5, 37, 52, 58, 97, 134, 139, 1723
stealing, 49, 56, 73, 77

Copyright

Index
steam, 78, 38, 127, 153
stereotypes, 118, 148, 178
Stevenson, Robert Louis, 182
Strait of Juan de Fuca, 22
style, 17, 35, 40, 48, 4950, 534, 70, 87, 97,
1413, 102, 172, 1757, 180
sublime, 23, 43, 95, 1013, 142, 1445,
148, 153, 1567, 163
superiority, 11, 39, 57, 70, 73, 106, 148,
1503, 176, 179, 181
Tate, Henry, 179
Tate Gallery, 174, 179
Taylor, Lieutenant, 767
Taylor, Tom, 174
technology, 4, 1213, 234, 36, 54, 100
telescopes, 55, 113
Tennyson, Alfred, 158
theatre, 58, 144, 146
Times, the, 121, 133
topoi, 163, 166
trading, 256, 31, 42, 52, 98, 10910, 152
translations, 52, 54, 69, 86, 162
Trelawny, Edward John, 168, 1745, 1823

223

values, 17, 34, 118, 1401, 145, 172, 179,

181, 183
Vancouver Island, 22
Vardill, Anna Jane, 87
Vidal, Owen, 155, 160, 162, 168
viewpoint, 74
violence, 14, 27, 38, 1078, 176, 181
virtues, 202, 30, 39, 56, 92, 120, 126, 135,
1445, 148
visual culture, 57, 172, 177
voyageurs, 71, 95, 97, 99, 100
Walker Art Gallery, 180
walking, 71, 99, 105, 112, 142
Watts, William, 235
Wellington Channel, 50, 116, 132
Wentworth, Thomas, 24
Wentzel, Willard, 98
Whale Island, 26
Wiebe, Rudy, 101
wilderness, 3, 120, 145, 181
William IV (king), 33, 109
Winter Harbour, 142
wintering, 21, 24, 51, 63, 105, 137, 1413,
151
women, 1516, 52, 56, 65, 73, 7981, 834,
87, 1016, 109, 116, 11820, 1269,
1334, 1501, 158, 1612, 178, 182
Woolf, Virginia, 177
Woon, John, 74
worthies, 278, 33, 41, 467, 50, 589, 138

Copyright

Union Jacks (flags), 57, 71, 90, 92, 101, 173,

181
Unknown Island, 52
usefulness, 3, 7, 10, 14, 22, 31, 35, 40, 435,
121, 141, 143
utilitarianism, 910, 31, 36