Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Dec 2010
Contents
1 PRINCIPLE................................................................................................ 4
1.1 High Speech Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA)............................................................ 4
1.2 Uplink Interference......................................................................................................... 5 1.3 HSUPA VS Uplink Interference.................................................................................... 7 1.4 HSUPA Phase 1(TTI 10ms) and Phase 2(TTI 2ms).................................................... 9
2 TEST REPORT.....................................................................................
10
2.1 Simulation Result from HQ Test Lab............................................................................ 10 2.2 HSUPA Load Test Result from Customer-xxxs Test bed............................................ 11
3 CASE STUDY......................................................................................... 19
3.1 Problem Description.................................................................................................... 19 3.2 Problem Analysis............................................................................................................. 22 3.3 Solutions and Recommendations.................................................................................... 25
The basic principle, test reports and case study from live network are included here to give a clear view on how the HSUPA service impact on the uplink performance and how to optimize the network to gain a maximum benefit of HSUPA.
Since HSPA service is widely used in the market, with a good understanding of this topic, the engineer will be able to operate and optimize the network well.
PRINCIPLE
HSUPA Phase 1, 10ms TTI offers the benefit of improved physical layer performance over R99, peak rate is 2 Mbps.
HSUPA (Phase 2), 2ms TTI offers the benefit of reduced system delays and higher potential throughput, peak rate is 5.76 Mbps.
(HSUPA TTI is configured via RNC MML command, SET CORRMALGOSWITCH: MapSwitch=MAP_HSUPA_TTI_2MS_SWITCH-1;)
Release 7 of 3GPP specification introduces the possibility of using 4 level Pulse Amplitude Modulation (4PAM) which equivalent to 16QAM to increase the maximum achievable throughput, peak rate is 11.5 Mbps. (support in Huawei RAN12.0).
The Received Total Wideband Power (RTWP) on the uplink is the sum of all user signals and the channel noise. Uplink Interference Composition is as follow;
Noise Floor include of thermal noise and Noise Figure (NF) of the system.
W Signal bandwidth, WCDMA signal bandwidth 3.84MHz NF: Hardware (NodeB/UE) dependency, typical value of macro NodeB =3 dB
If no other external factors e.g. external interference (from illegal sources), hardware issue. The main factor that impact on Uplink interference is Traffic Load which includes traffic load from the users of the cell and adjacent cells. The relationship between uplink load and uplink interference (Noise Rise) is as below, ( = Load factor)
NoiseRise =
ITOT = PN
1 1 ( 1 + i ) Lj
1 N
1 1 UL
UL load is affecting the noise level at the Node B receiver (Noise Rise). A typical value of cell load for dimensioning ranges from 30% to 70 % 50% is a good compromise between the number of sites and the offered capacity. Too high uplink noise level cause cell shrink (reduction of coverage), breathing effect. The relationship between Noise Rise and RTWP (Received Total Wideband Power),
From previous page, RTWP (Received Total Wideband Power) dB = Noise Floor (Pn) + Noise Rise (Iown + Iother) Example, (Noise Floor is often called as Background Noise")
With TMA: Equivalent Noise Figure will be reduced due to TMA. Example: NF Without TMA: (0.5+2.0) dB = 2.5dB , NFWith TMA (calculated from the formula above) Noise Floor (dBm) = -108 + (1.2) = -106.7 dBm , With 50% Uplink Load (Noise Rise =3 dB) - RTWP(dBm) = -106.7+3=-103.7 dBm 1.2 dB
It is great important to balance between the achievable throughput and system performance on the uplink. Therefore, Huawei systems apply the Load Control mechanisms to control the level of uplink interference in each service phase.
(More detail about Load Control Algorithms, please refer to Load Control Feature Document)
Load Control algorithms are different between HSUPA and R99 UL as follows:
1. Call Admission Control (CAC): For HSUPA, PBR-based decision is used to check whether the QoS requirement of existing users is fulfilled. The QoS is measured on the basis of the Provided Bit Rate (PBR) of the users. If the QoS requirement is fulfilled, new users are allowed to access the network. 2. Load Control (LDR) : -UL R99 is controlled by UL LDR trigger threshold if UL UU LDR algorithm is switch on. -HSUPA, its scheduling is controlled by Maximum Target Uplink Load Factor and the real uplink load contributed by none scheduled EDCH users.
MAX 320bit/2ms 64kpbs =160kbps (2) 10ms HSUPA Minimum Throughput=MAX one RLC pdu-bit rate GBR
=64kbps
If GBR not set in RNC (1) 2ms HSUPA Minimum Throughput =MAX one RLC pdu-bit rate GBR
(2) 10ms HSUPA Minimum Throughput =MAX one RLC pdu-bit rate GBR
=32kbps
To sum up, with different HSUPA TTI, 2ms and 10ms , the minimum guaranteed throughput of user is vary 160kbps vs 64kpbs / 160kbps vs 32kbps. So, when the uplink load is limited, the number of user that can access the cell is different (HSUPA TTI=2ms serve less number of user per cell due to higher guaranteed throughput which generating higher uplink interference).
2 TEST REPORT
2.1 Simulation Result from HQ Test Lab
HSUPA 2ms TTI- single antenna simulation (GBR=64kbps, MaxTargetUlLoadFactor =75%) FTP user number (simultaneously upload) is limited at 8 due to the limited capacity of air interface (uplink interference).
1R _A tenn X n a U umer U l oad nt Th g ut EN b p ofA rou hp en a% n kbp s CAT5 8 74. 43 1215. 63 CAT6 8 86. 07 1163. 18
FTP user number (simultaneously upload) is limited at 20 due to the limited capacity of air interface (uplink interference).
change the retransmission rate upon the Cell Load and UE Tx Power.
When cell load and UE Transmit Power are limited, the retransmission rate will be increased. Increasing the retransmission time requires less UE Tx power thus lower uplink interference.
When cell load and UE Transmit Power are less, the retransmission rate will be decreased to completely utilize the resources and increase the effective rate of UE.
Retransmission UE Transmit Eb/N0 * Coverage * Power * UL Interference* UE peak throughput peak low Cell Throughput Max User (Multi-users) Number
Large Small
low high
low high
large small
low high
high low
more less
high
(Please refer to the comparisons charts of Large and Small Retransmission performance in next pages).
TTI=2ms + IC TTI=2ms + IC+Adaptive (RAN12) Retransmission (RAN12) Test Case Antenna UserNumber Cell Load(% Cell Tput(Mbps) Cell Load(%) Cell Tput(Mbps) Cell Load(% Cell Tput(Mbps) ) ) 1 75% 3.50 70% 2.20 75% 3.90 2 75% 2.20 75% 1.50 75% 3.00 3 75% 2.00 75% 1.09 75% 2.40 4 75% 1.50 75% 1.10 75% 1.90 5 75% 1.20 75% 0.91 75% 1.90 6 75% 1.20 75% 0.98 75% 1.80 7 75% 1.10 96% 1.16 75% 1.60 1RX 8 92% 1.20 100% 1.20 75% 1.50 2 (Indoor 9 100% 1.10 75% 1.30 Case) 10 75% 1.20 11 75% 1.10 12 75% 1.10 13 90% 1.00 14 100% 0.95 15 16 TTI=10ms TTI=10ms + IC TTI=10ms + IC+Adaptive (RAN11) (RAN12) Retransmission (RAN12) Test Case Antenna UserNumber Cell Load(% Cell Tput(Mbps) Cell Load(%) Cell Tput(Mbps) Cell Load(% Cell Tput(Mbps) ) ) 1 40% 1.98 50% 1.80 40% 1.98 2 60% 3.90 75% 2.70 60% 3.90 3 75% 3.00 75% 2.25 75% 3.90 4 75% 3.00 75% 2.55 75% 3.20 5 75% 3.00 75% 2.15 75% 3.00 6 75% 2.40 75% 1.95 75% 3.00 7 75% 2.00 75% 1.95 75% 2.80 2Rxs 8 75% 2.40 75% 1.88 75% 2.40 3 (Outdoor 9 1.95 75% 2.50 75% 75% 2.50 Case) 10 1.76 75% 2.20 75% 75% 2.50 11 75% 2.00 75% 2.50 12 75% 2.00 75% 2.30 13 75% 2.20 75% 2.30 14 75% 1.50 75% 2.10 15 75% 1.70 75% 1.90 16
TTI=2ms (RAN11)
TTI=2ms TTI=2ms + IC TTI=2ms + IC+Adaptive (RAN11) (RAN12) Retransmission (RAN12) Test Case Antenna UserNumber Cell Load(% Cell Tput(Mbps) Cell Load(%) Cell Tput(Mbps) Cell Load(% Cell Tput(Mbps) ) ) 1 70% 4.40 75% 3.70 70% 4.40 2 75% 5.00 75% 2.20 75% 5.40 3 75% 4.00 75% 1.85 75% 4.20 4 75% 3.20 75% 1.90 75% 4.00 5 75% 2.50 75% 1.96 75% 3.50 6 75% 2.20 75% 1.98 75% 2.60 7 75% 1.90 75% 1.68 75% 2.30 2Rxs 8 75% 1.80 75% 1.71 75% 2.30 4 (Outdoor 9 75% 1.70 75% 2.20 Case) 10 75% 1.90 75% 2.20 11 80% 1.80 75% 1.90 12 85% 2.00 75% 2.00 13 100% 1.80 75% 1.80 14 75% 1.70 15 75% 1.70 16
Test Case 1: HSUPA TTI=10ms 1Rx Antenna without Rx-Diversity (Indoor Case)
Test Case 2: HSUPA TTI=2ms 1Rx Antenna without Rx-Diversity (Indoor Case)
Test Case 3: HSUPA TTI=10ms 2 RXs Antenna with Rx-Diversity (Outdoor Case)
Test Case 4: HSUPA TTI=2ms 2 RXs Antenna with Rx-Diversity (Outdoor Case)
Cel l Thr oughput Lar ge Ret r ansm ssi on i Cel Load Sm l Ret r ansm ssi on al i
Cel l Thr oughput Sm l Ret r ansm ssi on al i Cel l Load Lar ge Ret r ansm ssi on i
-In light cell load, small retransmission can give users higher throughput than large retransmission. -In medium and heavy cell load, large retransmission can achieve much more user numbers and cell throughput than small retransmission; the gain can be 20% ~30%. (Based on user numbers)
To achieve a maximum balance between cell capacity and peak rate of single user in uplink (2ms TTI bring the higher peak rate of single user, while 10ms TTI can bring the higher cell capacity). The operator can deploy another new feature (RAN12.0), HSUPA TTI Auto Reconfiguration together with Adaptive Retransmission. If the following condition has been fulfilled, this UEs TTI switch from 2ms to 10ms: The Uu Load on Congestion Status & the UEs bit rate < Rate threshold for 2ms to 10ms If both of the following conditions are fulfilled, this UEs TTI switch from 10ms to 2ms: the UEs bit rate > Rate threshold for 10ms to 2ms. UE Power is not limited. (If the 6A1 have been reported, the 6B2 shall be reported after that.)
3 CASE STUDY
3.1 Problem Description
Based on the customers feedback in 3G Network (RAN10.0) of Operator XXX, the customers had the difficulties to access the network ,sometime can access network but the data throughput is very low and the connections frequently dropped. This problem is appeared at operators office and nearby areas.
Symptoms: -Based on the Statistic, we observed same pattern of high RTWP and PS drop in all cells that circled in red. -These cells are located in the same areas, nearby operators office. -The highest RTWP appeared in Indoor cell, CHAMCHURI_C35-1 and the level of the uplink interference of other outdoor cells reduce upon the distant from this indoor cell. - Uplink interference (RTWP) increase very high reached the maximum value at -55 dBm during working hour (10:00 17:30 hrs) on working day. -We also conducted the FTP download and upload at the Indoor cell, both give a very low
throughput.
Operators Office
In the first place, we did not expected that the issue related to traffic load due to based on statistic, found that at the same number of HSUPA users, the RTWP didnt always high. (Maximum =20 HSUPA users per cell, the HSUPA user number is limited by Maximum HSUPA user number setting at RNC) Troubleshooting Steps, we had proposed 2 troubleshooting steps as below (1) Use Spectrum Analyzer to search for External Interference source in operators building
(2)
Conduct Field Test (FTP upload) and open RNC LMT online trace measurement in the Indoor Cell Results (1) There was no external interference detected by Spectrum Analyzer
(2)
Based on the field test (FTP upload) and RNC LMT online measurement of indoor cell, we
detected huge increment of RTWP when R99 test user doing the FTP upload (the test user only can get R99 service due to HSUPA user number already hit maximum 20 based on the setting). Test Steps
(1) Condition before start FTP upload test, based on RNC LMT online measurement of
indoor cell, the HSUPA user was always at 20 (HSDPA user number was more than 20) with the RTWP above -95 dBm.
(2)
We started FTP Upload on R99 (from Genex Probe, observed the average throughput was around 300kbps) and the sudden increment of RTWP upto -55 dBm was observed via online measurement. (We randomly checked the RTWP of nearby outdoor cells, their RTWP also increased accordingly).
(3)
Next, we started FTP Upload on HSUPA (from Genex Probe, observed the very low throughput, most of the time was 0 kbps) during that time observed no increment of RTWP via online measurement.
(4) We checked the Load Control parameters setting of this indoor cell; found that the
LDR (Load Reshuffling) didnt turn-on. This is the reason why RNC still scheduled bit rate to R99 users although current uplink load was high (above -95 dBm).
(5)
For HSUPA user, the scheduling is based on Maximum Target Uplink Load Factor which set to 75%, thus the bit rate was not scheduled to HSUPA user consequently no increment of RTWP.
Genex Probe
(6)
We recommended to turned-on LDR (UL: BE RATE REDUCTION) for Indoor Cell and monitor. Based on statistic after turn-on LDR, there was some improvement on RTWP and PS drop but not on data throughput. However, high RTWP still observed during peak hour but at shorter period than before.
(7)
We suspect there might be some issue with HSUPA service as well (We implemented the HSUPA Phase2 (TTI 2ms) in this network) .Thus, we conducted the HSUPA Load Test, to check how many HSUPA user (simultaneous FTP upload) that the cell can support.
From the test result, shown that for indoor case (with 1 Rx antenna), only maximum 7 simultaneous upload users can supported. If the HSUPA user number is exceed 7, will cause over-high RTWP. (Please refer to test result in previous session) We got confirmation from HQ that this is product limitation, the performance of HSUPA Phase 2 with 1Rx antenna is limited and only can be improved with new features (refer to previous sessions) in RAN12.0.
(2)
To upgraded capacity of indoor site by adding 2nd carrier. This is to improve user experience especially on data throughput.
(3)
To turn-on Load Control (LDR) to control the interference level which generated from R99 users.