Works Cited Primary Sources Barton, James L. Commerce of the Lakes and Erie Canal.

Buffalo: Seavers Power, 1851. Internet Archive. Web. 27 Dec. 2012. <http://archive.org/details/commercelakesan00bartgoog>. This source is a book, written by James L. Barton. Barton wrote many letters and books reflecting on the success and economics of the Erie Canal and the Great Lakes. This book includes a summary of the commerce of the Erie Canal, many statistics relating to the economic success of the Erie Canal, and a description of the importance of the Erie Canal. This source is a primary source because it was written in 1851 about the success of the canal in 1850, and it contains statistics and descriptions taken directly from observations of the canal. This source was written to convince the general public and the government to enlarge the Erie Canal in order to farther benefit the United States. Therefore, this source may be biased because it only contains facts which support the importance of the canal. This source was useful to the project because it contained statistics which show exactly why the Erie Canal was important. The Charles Dwight Hart Farm. N.d. Life on the Prairie in the Mid 1800s. Web. 20 Jan. 2013. <http://myhartt.com/KatherineHartNarrative.htm>. This source is a picture of a farm. It was useful to the project because it shows what life was like on farms in the mid 1800s, and it shows the farms that settlers moved West to purchase. It is a primary source because the picture is from the 1800s, and it is a picture of the farm taken by somebody on the farm.

Clark, Thomas Curtis. Water-ways from the Ocean to the Lakes. Scribners Magazine 1896: 103-13. History of the Erie Canal. Web. 27 Dec. 2012. <http://www.eriecanal.org/texts/Clarke/Clarke.html>. This source is a magazine article written by Thomas Curtis Clark. Clark was an engineer and author who built US railways and bridges. This source is an overview of the important waterways from the oceans to the Great Lakes and how they help transportation.This source was written for an audience of students interested in studying water way transportation, or the general public. This source is not biased because it mainly lists statistics, and has opinions from multiple perspectives. This source was useful to the project because it explained details about the Erie Canal, the expansion of the Erie Canal, and how the railroads didnt immediately affect the use of the Erie Canal. Currier, N. William Henry Harrison. N.d. Ohio History Central, Colombus. Ohio History Central. Web. 19 Jan. 2013. <http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/image.php? rec=1478&img=1157>. This source is a lithograph of William Henry Harrison, who wrote the Land Act of 1800. It is a primary source because it was made of him while he was alive, based off observations. Erie Canal Aqueduct. 1855. Rochester Public Library Local History Division, Rochester. Monroe County Library System. Web. 20 Jan. 2013. <http://photo.libraryweb.org/carlweb/jsp/FullRecord? databaseID=716&record=47&controlNumber=17081>. This source is an engraving of the aqueduct over the Genesee River. Fulton, Robert, and Gouverneur Morris. The Advantages of the Proposed Canal from

Lake Erie, to Hudsons River. Letter. 1814. Americas History NewsBank. Web. 7 Dec. 2012. <http://infoweb.newsbank.com.ezproxy.bpl.org/iw-search/we/Evans/? p_product=EAIX&p_theme=eaidoc&p_nbid=D4DG52SFMTM1NDkxNzk5NC4 yNjU0MzY6MTo4OnJhLTYwNjE1&p_action=doc&p_queryname=10440612B7 172640&p_docref=v2:0F2B1FCB879B099B@EAIX10440612B7172640@32170-110FF6B4BA737488@8>. This source is a letter, written from Robert Fulton to Governor Morris. Generally, the letter describes why it is necessary for New York State to build the Erie Canal. Robert Fulton was an engineer who designed the first successful steamboat. This source is a primary source because it was written based off Fultons direct observations of the canals in England, and based off his own calculations, to come to his own conclusions. This source was written for an audience of Governor Morris, to encourage the building of the Erie Canal. This source is biased because it only has one perspective, that the Erie Canal would greatly benefit the United States, but it is still reliable. This source was useful to the project because it showed why a canal was necessary for the US, and also how Englands canal success encouraged the building of the Erie Canal. Hill, John W. Canal Workers. 1832. New York Historical Society, New York. Big Apple History. Web. 20 Jan. 2013. <http://pbskids.org/bigapplehistory/building/topic1.html>. This source is a painting of the construction of the Erie Canal. It is a primary source because it was painted in 1832 based off observations of construction of the Erie Canal. Hill, John William. View on the Erie Canal. 1830. New York Public Lib., New York.

Erie Canal. Web. 21 Jan. 2013. <http://eriecanal.org/general-1.html>. This source is a picture of the Erie Canal. It was painted by John William Hill in 1830. Therefore, it is a primary source because it is based off observations of the Erie Canal and made in the time period of the Erie Canal. Lewis, Samuel. Louisiana. 1804. Rivers, Edens, Empires: Lewis & Clark and the Revealing of America. Lib. of Cong. Library of Congress. Web. 19 Jan. 2013. <http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/lewisandclark/lewis-before.html>. This is a map of the Louisiana Purchase. This is a primary source because it was drawn in 1804 based off observations of the Louisiana Purchase. Map of the Canal System of the State of New York. Map. History of the Canal System of the State of New York. By Noble E. Whitford. Albany: Brandow, 1906. Erie Canal Maps. Web. 24 Jan. 2013. <http://www.eriecanal.org/maps/canal_system1905.jpg>. This source is a map, which was originally published in a book. Generally, this source is a map of the Canal System of New York in 1906. It is a primary source as it was made in 1906, based off observations of the canal system of New York State. It was useful to the project because it shows the canals that were built by New York State after the success of the Erie Canal. Munson, Mary. Map of Ohio. Map. 1822. Ohio Historical Society. Colombus. Ohio History Central. Web. 19 Jan. 2013. <http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/image.php?rec=1473&img=1155>. This source is a map of Ohio in 1822, which shows Ohio after the Land Act of 1820. This is a primary source because it was made in 1822 by a person living in Ohio. One of the Busiest Streets in the World - State St., Chicago, Ill. 1903. Lib. of Cong. Prints

and Photographs Div., Washington. Cph 3a00137. Sharpe-Online Reference. Web. 3 Jan. 2013. <http://ref.sharpelearning.com/>. This source is a photograph of a busy street in Chicago. It was useful to the project because it showed how the Erie Canal helped Westward Expansion. PhillyLancasterTurnpike. 1794. Certificate Collector. Web. 19 Jan. 2013. <http://www.certificatecollector.com/html/collects/stage.html>. This is an illustration of a toll on the Philadelphia Lancaster Turnpike. It was drawn in 1794 when the road was first opened, so it is a primary source. Pierpont, Hez B. New York Canal Lands on Sale. N.p., 1823. Erie Canal Time Machine. Web. 8 Jan. 2013. <http://www.archives.nysed.gov/projects/eriecanal/ec_questions1830_broadside1. shtml>. This source is a broadside, or advertisement, made to advertise lands for sale along the Erie Canal. It was written by Hez B. Pierpont, who was advertising this land. This advertisement was intended for people living in New York, to encourage them to move West, to live along the Erie Canal. Generally, this source contains a description of the land for sale and why it is good to move there. This source is biased because it is written to encourage people to move along the Erie Canal, so it only says good things about living there. This is a primary source because it was written in 1823, before the canal was even completed, and it was written based off observations from the Erie Canal, not other sources. This source was useful to the project because it showed how the Erie Canal encouraged people to move West. Rutherfurd, John. Facts and Observations In Relation to the Origin and Completion of

the Erie Canal. 1825 ed. New York: N.B. Holmes, n.d. History of the Erie Canal. Web. 21 Dec. 2012. <http://www.eriecanal.org/texts/Rutherfurd.html>. This source is a book, written by John Rutherford, who observed the Erie Canal and quantified its success. Generally, this book contains maps, charts, and statistics about the success of the Erie Canal. It was written for an audience of people studying the importance of the Erie Canal. It is biased, as it only focuses on the importance of the Erie Canal, but it is still reliable. It is a primary source because it was written by an observer of the Erie Canal, who calculated statistics based off observations. This source was useful to the project because it provided specific statistics about the importance of the Erie Canal and also primary source maps and images. Tillman, Andrew P., et al. Erie Canal Celebration. N.p., 1825. Erie Canal Time Machine. Web. 19 Jan. 2013. This source is a picture of a broadside about the celebration for the opening of the Erie Canal. It is a primary source because it was made in 1825 to advertise for the Erie Canal. Turner, C.Y. The First Boat on the Erie Canal. N.d. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division, Washington D.C. Library of Congress. Web. 23 Jan. 2013. <http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2002709768/>. This source is a painting of the first boat to pass down the Erie Canal. It is a primary source because it was painted by an eyewitness to the event, someone who saw the boat pass down the Erie Canal. It was useful to the project because it shows the first boat to pass down the Erie Canal, which opened the canal. Van Rensselaer Richmond. Annual Report of the New York State Engineer and Surveyor.

Albany: Van Rensselaer Richmond, 1860. Erie Canal Maps. Web. 12 Jan. 2013. <http://www.eriecanal.org/maps.html>. This source was a map, made by the New York State surveyor and Engineer Van Rensselaer Richmond. This source is a map which shows the New York State Canal System in 1860. It is a reliable source because it is an accurate map of the canal system in 1860. This source contains no bias because it is an image. This is a primary source because the map was made by the surveyor as he observed the Erie Canal, so therefore he had personal knowledge, and drew the map from direct observations. This source was originally intended for the New York State Government to show the actual canal system so that they could have an accurate picture to record the success of the canal system. This source was useful to the project because it shows the canal system in the 1800s, so it shows the location of the Erie Canal, how the Erie Canal created cities throughout New York, and the network of canals that was built to connect all of New York to the Erie Canal.

Secondary Sources American Heritage: The Erie Canal. Prod. Warner Path News. American Heritage: The Erie Canal. Youtube, n.d. Web. 21 Jan. 2013. <http://www.youtube.com/watch? v=6_f7S4BojGI>. This source is a video about the Erie Canal. It was useful to the project because it gave a general overview of the Erie Canal and how it impacted Western Expansion. It is reliable because it simply provides a general overview, and is not biased because it contains no opinions, simply basic facts. Generally, the video gives a summary of DeWitt Clinton, the Erie Canal, and the locks of the

Erie Canal. It was intended for an audience of people interested in learning a short history of the Erie Canal. Benson, Sonia, Daniel E. Brannen, Jr, and Rebecca Valentine. Erie Canal. Encyclopedia of U.S. History. Ed. Lawrence W. Baker and Sarah Hermsen. Detroit: UXL, 2009. 515-19. Gale U.S. History in Context. Web. 7 Dec. 2012. <http://ic.galegroup.com.ezproxy.bpl.org/ic/uhic/ReferenceDetailsPage/Reference DetailsWindow? failOverType=&query=&windowstate=normal&contentModules=&mode=view& displayGroupName=Reference&limiter=&currPage=&disableHighlighting=&sou rce=&sortBy=&displayGroups=&search_within_results=&action=e&catId=&acti vityType=&scanId=&documentId=GALE%7CCX3048900206>. This source is a topic overview in an encyclopedia, the UXL Encyclopedia of US History. It was written by Sonia Benson, who has written many encyclopedia articles about US History. It is also written by Rebecca Valentine, an author who has published many books and articles about US History in the 1800s. This source is a summary of the Erie Canal: why it was built, the building process and the impact it had. This source was written for an audience of people interested in knowing a general history of the Erie Canal. It is not biased, as it is an encyclopedia article, written by three different authors with three different perspectives. This source was useful to the project because it contained a general overview of the history of the Erie Canal and the effects of the Erie Canal on westward expansion. Bernstein, Peter L. Wedding of the Waters: The Erie Canal and the Making of a Great Nation. New York: W.W. Norton and Company, 2005. Print. This source is a

book, written by Peter L. Bernstein. Peter L. Bernstein was a historian of American Financial history, and an author of many books about this topic. This book describes the creation of the Erie Canal, as well as the effects of the Erie Canal on Westward Expansion and the United States. This source was written for an audience of college students or historians studying the Erie Canal. This book was useful for the assignment because of its quotes about the effects of the Erie Canal on Westward Expansion and how that affected other states on the union. Also, it was useful for different reasons for the creation of the Erie Canal and because it lead me to other multimedia sources, like an useful interview. Byers, David R. Travel, Technology of. Encyclopedia of the New American Nation. Ed. Paul Finkelman. Vol. 3. Detroit: Charles Scribners Sons, 2006. 288-289. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 1 Jan. 2013. This source is an encyclopedia article, published in the Gale Enclyclopedia of the New American Nation. This source is written for an audience of people interested in learning about how technology affects transportation. Generally, this source describes how transportation was limited in the early eighteenth century, but throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries technology helped improve technology. This source has very little bias because it is an encyclopedia article, and a topic overview, so it is very general. Therefore, it does not have specifics or relate to a singular perspective, so it is not biased. This source was useful for this project because it explained why the canal was necessary because the transportation was so limited, as well as how technology used in the Erie Canal helped improve other canals and allowed people to move West

Canal History. New York State Canals. N.p., n.d. Web. 7 Dec. 2012. <http://www.canals.ny.gov/history/history.html>. This source is a website article, published by the New York State Canals Corporation. This source explains a general overview about the history of the Erie Canal. This source is written for an audience of people interested in learning about the history of the Erie Canal. It is intended to be a brief overview for the general public. This source is reliable, but may contain some bias as it is written by New York State, so therefore emphasizes the importance of the New York government in the building of the Erie Canal, and the importance of the state of New York in the impacts of the Erie Canal. This source was useful for the project because it gave a general overview of the history of the Erie Canal, as well as a history of New York State in the early 1800s. It was also useful because it went into detail about many people who were influential in the development of the canal. Colonies During the French and Indian Wars , 17541763. Map. Maps ETC. Maps ETC. Web. 16 Jan. 2013. <http://etc.usf.edu/maps/pages/7700/7701/7701.htm>. This is a picture of a map of the settlement of the United States during the French and Indian Wars. Cox, Thomas H. Gibbons v. Ogden: Document Analysis. Milestone Documents in American History. Ed. Paul Finkelman. 4 vols. Schlager Group, 2008. Salem History Web. 03 Jan. 2013. This source is an analysis of the Supreme Court Case of Gibbons vs. Ogden. It was written by Thomas H. Cox, a history professor at Sam Houston State University.In general, this source contains an overview of the Case of Gibbons vs Ogden, a case about using the newly invented steamboat for

interstate travel. and the effects it had. This source is intended for an audience of college students or scholars studying this Supreme Court Case, or interstate commerce. This source may be biased because it only analyzes the event from one perspective, but it is still a reliable source with a reliable summary of the event. This source was useful to the project because it showed how the steamboat was used before the Erie Canal, and how useful it was when it was on the Erie Canal. Crompton, Gerald. Shipping, Inland Waterways, North America. History of World Trade Since 1450. Ed. John J. McCusker. Vol. 2. Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA, 2006. 665-668. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 3 Jan. 2013. This source is a topic overview that was published in the Gale History Of World Trade Reference Book. It is written by Gerald Crompton, a professor of Economic History at University of Kent, as well as an author of many economic history studies and books. This source provides an overview of the history of travel by rivers and canals in Canada and the United States in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. This source is reliable as it was written by an established author who focuses on this topic. This source does not contain bias because it was written as an overview for a reference book, so it just gives facts, without going into detail about opinions on the Erie Canal. This article was written for people to gain a general understanding about how waterways help the transportation and economy of the United States and Canada in the 1800s and 1900s. This source was useful for the project because it explained in general how waterways can benefit a civilization, as they did for the United States, and also specifically how the Erie Canal helped the United States economy, Westward Expansion, and trade with the

interior of the country. Crutchfield, James A. Introduction: Westward Expansion from Jamestown to the Closing of the Frontier. Settlement of America. Sharpe Online Reference, 2013. Web. 3 Jan. 2013. <http://www.sharpe-online.com/SOLR/a/showcontent/fullarticle/24/Book023-PART1-article0>. This source is an encyclopedia article, written by James A. Crutchfield. Crutchfield has written many books about the history of the United States. This source is an overview of Westward Expansion: when it began, how long it lasted, and how it affected the United States. This source was intended for an audience of students interested in learning a history of Westward Expansion. This source is not biased because it contains statistics and quotes from other reliable sources, and it contains many different perspectives. This source was useful to the project because it explained Western Expansion thoroughly, and also explained the Erie Canals impact on Westward Expansion. Cutter, Barbara. Indian Trade Routes. Map. American Civilization Map and Picture Page. U. of Northern Iowa, n.d. Web. 16 Jan. 2013. <http://www.uni.edu/cutter/maps.htm>. This source is a digital map which shows the Native American Trade Routes in the American West. Deciduous Forest. 2012. Free Big Pictures. Web. 20 Jan. 2013. <http://freebigpictures.com/forest-pictures/deciduous-forest/>. This source is a picture of a deciduous forest. It was useful to the project because it shows the timber that was found in the American West. The Erie Canal. American Eras. Vol. 5: The Reform Era and Eastern U. S.

Development, 1815-1850. Detroit: Gale, 1997. 111-113. Gale U.S. History In Context. Web. 10 Dec. 2012. This source is a summary of the history of the Erie Canal, published in American Eras: the Reform Era and Eastern US Development. It was written for an audience of people looking to know a general history of the Erie Canal and how it affected the Eastern part of the United States. This source is not biased, as it is a reference article, which was written to supply background information about this topic, not to share an opinion. This source was useful to the project because it had quotes from many newspaper articles and other primary sources about the Erie Canal, and also provided a detailed summary of how the Erie Canal affected the entire Eastern United States. Erie Canal. Encyclopedia of New York State. Syracuse University Press, 2005. 514+. General OneFile. Web. 20 Dec. 2012. This source is an encyclopedia article about the Erie Canal in the Encyclopedia of New York State. Generally, it contains an overview of the history of the Erie Canal, and how it affected New York State. This source was intended for people who live in New York State, or who are interested in the history of New York State and the Erie Canal. This source may be biased because it is in the encyclopedia for New York, so it only explains how the Erie Canal benefited New York. This source was useful to the project because it explained how the Erie Canal benefited New York and also why the canal was originally needed. Erie Canal. City of Rochester NY. Ed. Patrick Flanigan. N.p., n.d. Web. 7 Dec. 2012. <http://www.cityofrochester.gov/eriecanal/>. This source was a website, published by the City of Rochester. This source contains a general overview of

the history of Rochester, and how the Erie Canal made Rochester become a bigger, successful city. This source was written for people who visit or live in Rochester and are interested in learning about the Erie Canal and how it affected their city. Also, it is written to encourage people to visit Rochester and the Erie Canal. This source many contain some bias as it is written to convince people to visit Rochester, so therefore only includes one perspective. This source was useful for the project because it explained how the Erie Canal helped one city develop, and also because it gave general information on the Erie Canal. Farmland. N.d. Heading West: Mountain Men and Explorers. Web. 16 Jan. 2013. <http://www.washoe.k12.nv.us/americanhistory/elementary/si_08_web_lessons/f orte.htm>. This source is a picture of farmland in the American West. Hammond, John Craig. Territorial Expansion. Encyclopedia of U.S. Political History. Ed. Michael A. Morrison. Vol. 2: The Early Republic, 1784 to 1840. Washington, DC: CQ Press, 2010. 349-352. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 1 Jan. 2013. This source is an encyclopedia article in the Encyclopedia of US Political History. It was written by John Craig Hammond, a historian who has written several books about American Westward Expansion. In general, this source describes causes and effects of Westward Expansion, as well as different conflicts which occurred because of Westward Expansion. This source is written for an audience of people interested in learning about American history or Westward Expansion, most likely a high school or college student. This source is not biased because it provides detailed information about the events that occurred, and when it discusses a conflict, it discusses both perspectives. This source was useful because it provided

a detailed information about Westward Expansion, and how the Erie Canal affected Westward Expansion. Koeppel, Gerald T. Bond of the Union: Building the Erie Canal and the American Empire. Philadelphia: Da Capo, 2009. Print. This source is a book, written by Gerald Koeppel. Gerald Koeppel is an author who has written books and many articles about the Erie Canal and New York State. This source describes the Erie Canal, from the first need for a water way to the second expansion of the Erie Canal. This source was written for an audience of people interested in learning a more in depth history on the Erie Canal, and how it affected the United States. This book is not biased because it contains so many different perspectives on every issue that it discusses. This source was useful for the project because it had many quotes from primary sources and because it gave a detailed explanation on the reasons why a canal was originally needed. Krzemien, Henry. The Canal Diggers. The Canal Diggers. Youtube, n.d. Web. 26 Jan. 2013. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vcDJ5hmTkpo>. This source is a movie about the men who built the Erie Canal. It was useful to the project because it describes in song how they built the Erie Canal. This clip is intended for people interested in learning about the Erie Canal and the people who built it. Generally, this source contains an overview of the story of the men who built the Erie Canal. Low Bridge - the Erie Canal Song. Erie Canal Song. Youtube, n.d. Web. 20 Jan. 2013. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HcNJ2RMOd3U>. This source is an audio clip of The Erie Canal Song. It was useful to the project because it tells the story of travel on the Erie Canal.

Map of the United States in 1819. Map. 1819. Map of the United States in 1819. Web. 26 Jan. 2013. <http://www.allposters.com/-sp/Map-of-the-United-States-in-1819Showing-Territory-under-Spanish-and-British-Control-Posters_i2875576_.htm>. This source is a map. It shows the United States in 1819. It was useful to the project because it shows the land the United States owned before it was settled by the Erie Canal. Mastromarino, Mark A. Livestock Production. Encyclopedia of the New American Nation. Ed. Paul Finkelman. Vol. 2. Detroit: Charles Scribners Sons, 2006. 302303. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 1 Jan. 2013. This source is an encyclopedia article about Livestock Production published in the Encyclopedia of the New American Nation. In was written by Mark A. Mastromarino. This source generally explains what agricultural products were produced in each state in the late 1700s and 1800s, and why there was such a shift in many states of products produced. This source was written for high school or college students interested in learning about Livestock Production. This source has no bias because it is just a general overview about the Livestock Produced in the United States, and is based off facts, so it is not biased. This source was useful for the project because it explained how the Westward Expansion after the Erie Canal caused many New England states to change the agricultural products they were producing because they could get many products cheaper from the new West. McNeese, Tim. The Erie Canal: Linking the Great Lakes. New York: Chelsea-Infobase, 2009. Print. This source is a book, written by Tim McNeese. Tim McNeese is a professor of history at York College in York, Nebraska, who wrote many

educational history books and teaching materials. The audience of this source is intended to be a student studying the Erie Canal. This source was written to educate people about the Erie Canal, how and why it was built, and why it is so important to the United States. This source was useful for the assignment because it had specific information about the transportation in America before the Erie Canal, and also because it explored the many reasons for building the Erie Canal and the importance of the many people involved. Morgard, Micheal. Louisiana Purchase. Louisiana Purchase. YouTube, n.d. Web. 19 Jan. 2013. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g0nW9bzP_wo>. This source is a video clip about the Louisiana Purchase. It was useful to the project because it contains a short, general overview of the Louisiana Purchase. It is not biased because it only contains general facts, no opinions. Generally, it provides an overview of the Louisiana Purchase and the people involved. It is intended for an audience of people interested in knowing a short history of Louisiana or Westward Expansion. New York. Worldmark Encyclopedia of the States. Ed. Timothy L. Gall. 7th ed. Vol. 2. Detroit: Gale, 2007. 585-615. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 16 Dec. 2012. This source is an encyclopedia article about the state of New York. It includes general facts about New York State, New York State History, and statistics about New York today. This article is written for someone interested in learning about New York State. This source is not biased because it contains facts and statistics, but since it is an encyclopedia article it contains no opinions, and very few controversial statements. This source was useful for the project because

it contained specific statistics about the population of New York around the time of the creation of the Erie Canal, the effects of the Erie Canal on New York State, and information about other canals created because of the Erie Canal. Nirgiotis, Nicholas. Erie Canal: Gateway to the West. New York: Franklin Watts, 1993. Print. This source is a book, written by Nicholas Nirgiotis. Nicholas Nirgiotis is a teacher and a freelance writer. This source contains a detailed history of America before the Erie Canal, the process of building the Canal, and the effects of the canal, especially on Westward Expansion. This book was written for an audience of people interested in learning about the Erie Canal and how it helped Westward Expansion. It is written to educate people with little knowledge of this topic. This source is reliable, and it contains no bias because it is written to educate people about the topic, and explains different perspectives on the Erie Canal. This book was useful for the project because it explained how the Erie Canal was used, gave background information on America in the 1800s, and explained how the Erie Canal lead to the creation of many more canals. It also included useful quotes from primary sources, and people from the 1800s. Pierson, Parke. Barging into the old northwest: the Erie Canal was the big ditch that gave the north the edge in the Civil War. Americas Civil War Jan. 2010: 21. Gale U.S. History In Context. Web. 10 Dec. 2012. This source is a magazine article, written by Parke Pierson. Parke Pierson is an author who has written many books and articles about the US Civil War. This source contains a general overview of why the Erie Canal helped the North win the Civil War. This source is written for high school or college students interested in studying the Civil War.

This article is biased because it only argues that the Erie Canal was important for winning the Civil War, so it only has one perspective, but it is still a reliable article. This article was useful for the project because it described the importance of the Erie Canal and how the Erie Canal changed US history. Povarov, Artem. Forestry Industry Tree Felling and Timber Logging. N.d. 123RF. Web. 16 Jan. 2013. <http://www.123rf.com/photo_5843404_forestry-industry-treefelling-and-timber-logging.html>. This source is a photo of timber, like the timber that Americans moved West to find. Rosenberry, Lois Kimball Mathews. The Erie Canal and the Settlement of the West. Buffalo: L.K. Mathews, 1910. Internet Archive. Web. 20 Dec. 2012. <http://archive.org/details/eriecanalsettlem00roserich>. This source is a book, written by Lois Kimball Mathews Rosenberry. Lois Kimball Mathews Rosenberry has written several books about the settlement of the United States and United States history. This source describes the effects of the Erie Canal on the settlement of the United States, and includes statistics about each state and the settlement of that state. This source was written for an audience of college students or scholars studying the Erie Canal, or American Westward Expansion. This source is not biased because every idea is based off accurate statistics and primary source quotations. This source was useful for the project because it had good maps charting the difference of settlement in western states, specific statistics for each Midwest state, and primary source quotations. Shaw, Ronald. Erie Water West: A History of the Erie Canal. Lexington: Univeristy of Kentucky, 1966. Print. This source is a book, written by Ronald E. Shaw. Ronald

E. Shaw was a professor of history at Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, and also grew up in New York State. This source describes America before the Erie Canal was created, as well as describing the effects of the Erie Canal on Westward Expansion. This book was intended for an audience of scholars or college students studying the Erie Canal or United States History. This source contains no bias because it was written for educational purposes, and includes many different points of view. This source was very useful for the assignment because it went into detail about not only the Erie Canal, but it had statistics and primary source quotes about how it affected Westward Expansion. I used this source for statistics about the effects of the Erie Canal on Westward Expansion, statistics about the use of the Erie Canal, and quotes about the reasons for building the Erie Canal. Sheriff, Carol. Erie Canal. Dictionary of American History. Ed. Stanley I. Kutler. 3rd ed. Vol. 3. New York: Charles Scribners Sons, 2003. 251-253. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 10 Dec. 2012. This source was an article in the Dictionary of American History. It was written by Carol Sheriff, a professor of history at William and Mary College. She has also written books about the Erie Canal. This source describes the general history of the Erie Canal, including why it was built, the actual process of building it, and the immediate and long term effects. This source was written for an audience of high school or college students looking for a more specific history about the Erie Canal. This source is not biased, as it was published in a dictionary, and explains several perspectives about the Erie Canal. It is also reliable, as it was published in a dictionary and written by a reliable author who is experienced in this topic. This source was useful for the

project because it provided information about why the canal was important by both explaining why it was necessary and the short and long term impacts of the canal. Technology and the Making of the West. Westward Expansion Reference Library. Ed. Allison McNeill, et al. Vol. 1: Almanac. Detroit: UXL, 2000. 205-229. Gale U.S. History In Context. Web. 10 Dec. 2012. This source is a topic overview article published in the Westward Expansion Reference Library. It was edited by Allison McNeill, an author and editor of many American History books. This article is a general overview about how technology in the 1800s led to Westward Expansion. This source is intended for an audience of high school or college students studying the factors which lead to the United States Westward Expansion. This source is reliable, and it is not biased as it is an overview without opinions, which only provides general facts. This source was useful to the project because it provided information about why people originally didnt move West, and then how canals and specifically the Erie Canal encouraged people to move West by connecting the West to the settled part of the United States. Turner, C.Y. The Marriage of the Waters. 1905. DeWitt Clinton High School, New York. Erie Canal Images. Web. 26 Jan. 2013. <http://www.eriecanal.org/general1.html>. This source is a painting, painted by C.Y. Turner on the wall of a high school. Generally, this source depicts DeWitt Clinton at the Wedding of the Waters Ceremony. This source is not biased as it is an illustration of the event, so it is reliable. This source was useful to the project because it shows the Wedding of the Waters Ceremony.

United States - Canals 1825-1860. Map. Historical Maps. U. of Texas, n.d. Web. 26 Jan. 2013. <http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/19-century/us-canals.jpg>. This source is a map of the canals in the United States. It shows a map of all the canals created between 1825 and 1860. This source is not biased as it is an accurate map of the canals. It was made for an audience interested in learning about the history of canals in the United States. It was useful to the project because it shows the canals created in the canal fever following the success of the Erie Canal. Vandenbroucke, Guillaume. The US Western Expansion. Nov. 2006. Economics Seminars. Web. 10 Jan. 2013. <http://economics.ucr.edu/seminars/fall06/ets/Vandenbroucke12-4-06.pdf>. This source is a transcript of a seminar given by Guillaume Vandenbroucke, an economics professor at the University of South California. This source contains a general overview of the United States Western Expansion, and statistics related to the economics behind it. This source was written for an audience of college students with a knowledge of economics. This source is not biased because it is based off many other sources, and tells statistics not opinions. This source was useful to the project because it gave detailed information about Western Expansion as a whole, and also how the Erie Canal affected it. Volpe, Paul. Impact of Erie Canal. MA thesis. U of Virginia. Digging Clintons Ditch. Web. 8 Dec. 2012. <http://xroads.virginia.edu/~MA02/volpe/canal/impact.html>. This source is an MA thesis, written by Paul Volpe. He was studying American Studies at the University of Virginia. This website contains an overview about the history of the Erie Canal and its effects on culture, economy, society, and

westward expansion. This source is intended for an audience of people interested in learning more about the Erie Canal. This source is not biased as it contains many different perspectives on almost every opinion it introduces. This source was useful for the project because it had a general overview about how the Erie Canal helped Westward Expansion and New York City become a major port city. Whitefield, Jim, prod. Erie Canal Clip. Erie Canal. Youtube, 12 Apr. 2012. Web. 28 Jan. 2013. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u06bUvR4cQs&feature=youtu.be>. This source is a video about the Erie Canal. Generally, it describes a brief history about the reasons for creating the Erie Canal, the building of the Erie Canal, and the use of the Erie Canal. It is a clip from an educational movie about the Erie Canal. Therefore, it is intended for an audience of students learning about U.S. history or the history of the Erie Canal. This source is not biased as it describes several perspectives on the Erie Canal, and mostly gives facts, not opinions. This source was useful to the project because it describes DeWitt Clintons influence in creating the Erie Canal.