Analysis of BJT circuits (8.1 8.

8)
o BJT amplifier parameter re o CE amplifiers o CE with RE amplifiers o EF amplifiers o CB amplifiers

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BJT amplifier parameter re

VCC R1 VB R2 RC IC

+ + -

b
0.7

BJT amplifier

RE

- + -

IC R E

VBB = VCC VBB =

R1 , RB = R1 // R2 (1) R1 + R2

IC R RB + 0.7 + IC RE = IC B + RE + 0.7 (2) 26mV IC

Find IC from (2) to find re =

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Example: Find IC and re

47k 8.2k

VCC=12V IC

b 1 = 0 0 15k
0.2K

VBB = VCC

R1 15 = 12 = 2.9V, RB = 47 // 15 = 11.37k R1 + R2 15 + 47

R 11.37k VBB = 2.9 = IC B + RE + 0.7 = IC (mA) + 0.2k + 0.7 100 2.2V 26mV 26mV IC (mA) = = 7.03mA re = = = 3.7 0.313k IC 7.03mA
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Types of BJT amplifiers

(a) Common Emitter (CE) High AV and low Ri (Voltage amplifications)

VCC

RC CB R1 CC

(b) Common Emitter (CE) with RE VCC Low AV and high Ri (Stability applications)

Ri vi

vo RL

R1

RC CC vo RL

Ri vi

CB R2

R2

RE

CE

RE

(a) common emitter (CE)

VCC
(c) Emitter Follower (EF) Very low Ro and high Ri ( Buffer applications)

(b) common emitter (CE) with RE

VCC RC CC Ri R2 RE CE vi vo RL

Ri vi

CB

R1

(d) Common Base (CB) Very low Ri and high AV (High Frequency applications)R1

CC R2 RE

vo RL

CB

(c) emitter follower (EF) EE2603-01

(d) common base (CB)

1. CE amplifiers
When the input to the amplier is at Base and the output of the amplier is at Collector, Emitter becomes common to both input and output and the amplier is Common Emitter (CE) amplier
VCC io Ri vi vin iin CB R1
B C

RC vo CC
E

Ro CE

vo iL RL

Rin

R2 RE

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VCC

CE amplier analysis
lFirst replace VCC with ac ground and all capacitors

io Ri vi vin iin CB R1
B C

RC vo CC
E

short, replace BJT with its equivalent circuit, Calculate Av ,Ri, Ro, Ai, from the equivalent circuit l CE amplier has the following ac circuit properties
v Ro = o = RC io

Ro CE

vo iL RL

Rin

R2

RE

Output resistance

vo Ri iin io RC Ro

vo iL RL

Input resistance

v Rin = in = RB // re iin

vi

vin

Voltage gain

ib (RC // RL ) R // RL v A = o = = C v vin ib re re

Rin

R1

R2 RE

vo Ri iin vin RB Rin ib

C B

Current gain

i Ai = L = iin vin

vo

vo v Rin RL AR in = = v in

io

Rin

RL

RL

bb i

vo iL

vi

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b e r

RC RL Ro 6

Example: Find Ro , Rin =

IL vin vo , Av = , Ai = of the folowing CE amplifier. iin vin Iin

VCC=12V 47k 8.2k VO b 1 = 0 0 10k 0.2K RO IL

VBB = VCC

Vin Iin R 11.37k VBB = 2.9 = IC B + RE + 0.7 = IC (mA) + 0.2k + 0.7 100 2.2V 26mV 26mV 15k IC (mA) = = 7.03mA re = = = 3.7 0.313k IC 7.03mA Rin

R1 15 = 12 = 2.9V, RB = 47 // 15 = 11.37k R1 + R2 15 + 47

Output resistance Ro =

vo = RC = 8.2k io

Input resistance

Rin =
Av =

vin = RB // re = 11 .37k // 100 3.7 = 0.36k iin

Voltage gain

ib (RC // RL ) R // RL vo 8.2k // 10k = = C = = 121.8 vin ib re re 0.037k

Current gain

Ai =

iin

iL

vo = vin

RL Rin

vo v Rin A R 121.8 0.36k in = = v in = = 4.38 RL RL 10k

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2. CE with RE amplifiers
The amplier is Common Emitter (CE) amplier but the Emitter capacitor CE is removed.

VCC io Ri vi vin iin CB R1

B C

RC vo CC
E

Ro

vo iL RL

Rin

R2

RE

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CE with RE amplier analysis

lFirst replace VCC with ac ground and all capacitors

vo Ri iin io RC RE Ro

vo iL RL

short, replace BJT with its equivalent circuit, Calculate Av ,Ri, Ro, Ai, from the equivalent circuit l CE with RE amplier has the following ac circuit properties

vi

vin

Rin

R1

R2

Ri

iin vin RB Rin

i (re ) + ib RE v Rin = in = RB // b = RB // re + RE Input resistance iin ib vo vo vo C = RC Output resistance Ro = ib io iL i

vi

b e r

bb i

RE

RC RL Ro

ib (RC // RL ) R // RL v Voltage gain A = o = = C v

vin

ib re + RE

re + RE

i Ai = L = Current gain iin vin

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vo

vo v RL in =

Rin

RL

R in AR = v in

RL

3. EF amplifiers
When the input to the amplier is at Base and the output of the amplier is at Emitter, then Collector becomes common to both input and output and the amplier is Common Collector (CC) amplier or Emitter Follower (EF) amplier
VCC

Ri iin CB vi vin

R1 CC R2 RE Ro vo RL iL

Rin
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EF amplier analysis
First replace VCC with ac ground and all capacitors short, replace BJT with its equivalent circuit, Calculate Av ,Ri, vi Ro, Ai, from the equivalent circuit EF amplier has the following ac circuit properties
i (re ) + ib RE // RL Input resistance = Rin = RB // b iin ib = RB // re + RE // RL vi Voltage gain (RE // RL ) ib (RE // RL ) v A = o = = =1 v vin ib [re + ( RE // RL ) ] re + ( RE // RL ) vin

Ri vin

iin iL R1 Rin R2 RE Ro vo RL

Ri

iin RB

ib

bb i b e r io RE
E

])

vin

iL v o RL Ro

v vo Ro = RE // o = RE // io ib
= RE //

Rin ib RB
+ -

Output resistance

( ib ) [re

+ ( RB // Ri ) ] ( RB // Ri ) = RE // re + ib R i

bb i vo RE Ro 11
+ -

Current gain

i Ai = L = iin vin

vo

vo v RL in =

Rin

RL

R in AR = v in

b e + E r io
-

RL

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4. CB amplifiers
When the input to the amplier is at Emitter and the output of the amplier is at Collector, then Base becomes common to both input and output and the amplier is Common Base (CB) amplier CB amplier without CB
VCC RC R1 R2 ie RE CC iin Ri vin Rin vi Ro vo iL RL

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CB amplier analysis
lFirst replace VCC with ac ground and all

capacitors short, replace BJT with its equivalent circuit, Calculate Av ,Ri, Ro, Ai, from the equivalent circuit l CB amplier has the following ac circuit R2 properties Voltage gain

B R1 ie RE

C E iin Ri vin Rin vi Ro

bb i ie RE E iin vin Rin Ro C RC

vo iL RC RL

ib (RC // RL ) RC // RL v A = o = = v vin ib [RB + re ] RB + re

ib RB

B b e r

vo iL RL

Input resistance

i (RB + re ) v Rin = RE // in = RE // b ie ib R = RE // B + re

i RL AR Ai = L = = v in Current gain iin vin RL Rin

vo

Ro = RC
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Output resistance

13

Effect of Base capacitor CB

CB amplier with CB If CB is connected in the Base circuit, RB is shorted by zero reactance of the capacitance. By substituting RB = 0 in the previous formula, we will have the followings:
R // RL v Voltage gain A = o = C v vin re

VCC R1 RC CC iin Ri vin Rin vi Ro

vo iL RL

CB

R2

ie RE

Input resistance

Rin = RE // re

Output resistance Current gain

Ro = RC

i RL AR Ai = L = = v in iin vin RL Rin

vo

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