IT - Ch#1

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Chapter #1
By: R ahm a Alh a jr i
Monday, December 3, 12
Computer
Computer (computing device): -An electronic device which accept data as an input process/ manipulate & gives information on output & store it away for further use to communicate.
Data & Information

Data Raw Facts
Numbers Text Images Sound Videos Symbols Characters
Information Processed data

Numbers Text Images Sound Videos Symbols Characters
Computer Components
1.People. -Uses & professionals / developers. 2.Hardware. -Physical mechanical electronic components attached to computer to which we can see & touch. 1. Input/Output devices. 2.Processing devices. 3.Storage devices. 3.Software. -Step by step instruction, programs & codes which tells computer hardware how to work. which we can see but not touch.
* People + Hardware + Software = Communication.
Hardware
1. Input
Mic barcode reader Keyboard Mouse Joystick Webcam Scanners Sensors Touchpad ...etc
Output
Speakers Printer Projector Monitor ...etc
Hardware
2. Processing device.
e.g. CPU (Central Processing Unit).
3.
Storage. A device that stores information. e.g. RAM, CD, Flash

1.Primary Storage (memory)
a) Temporary memory. b) Volatile memory. (if power goes off all data will be vanished)
2.Secondary Storage (memory)

a) Permanent memory. b) Non-Vo. (non-Volatile)
Communication devices
Through which it communicate with other Computer. E.g: .Modem .NC .Bluetooth
Types of Computer
1. Micro Controller. 2. Micro Computer. 3. Hand-held Computer. 4. Mainframes. 5. Super Computer.
Types of Soft ware

1. Application Software: specific task
Educational. (Microsoft Office , Photoshop) Entertainment. (Games) Home decoration. (Autocade) Research. Communications. (Browsers, Youtube, Facebook) Security/Privacy. (Anti-virus, Firewall) Business. (Microsoft Office)
Types of Soft ware

2. System Software: - which enables Application software to work.
(without System software, Application software will Not Work) Types of System Software:
1.Operating System. (Macintosh, Windows,Cos,Unicos,Linux,Unix) 2. Language translator. 3.Utility Programs.
Types of Soft ware

1.Operating System: A Master set of programs which perform certain operations/ functions.
All computing devices have its own operating system depending upon its nature & conguration. E.g.: Cray super computer use Cos and Unicos operating system . Apple computer devices use its own Macintosh operating system. Now a days, IBM, Toshiba, Acer, HP, DELL, use Linux, Unix, and Microsoft windows.
Types of Soft ware

2.Utility Programs: Are the programs provided by the Manufacture. i.e error checking programs ,maintenance applications. 3.Language translator: The software which translate data into information. e.g. 1) Inter-pretor.
2) Compiler. / complier use binary system.
CPU
CPU (Central Processing Unit) - a component (electronic) which process data into information.
it has 3 Units:
1.Control Unit: An electronic part which controls the flow

instruction during processing.
2.ALU: it perform certain operation:

1.Arithmetic Operation. (+,-,,). 2.Logical Operation. (<,>,=,)
2.Register: a temporary memory on CPU chip which store

instruction during processing.
Computer Literacy
Awareness. Knowledge. Interaction.
Machine Cycle (How CPU works)

Instruction Time ( i-Time)
C.U 2. Decode 1. Fetch A.L.U 3. Execute
Register
Execution Time ( e-Time)

Output
4. Store
Input
Main Memory
Machine Cycle (How CPU works)

Steps: 1. CPU will fetch data from Main Memory. 2.CU will decode data into machine language. (Step 1 & 2 is known as Instruction-Time) 3.ALU will perform operation & CU will execute. 4.CU will store result in register. (Step 3 & 4 is known as Execution-Time)
Speed of Processor
* Speed of processor or Machine Cycle = (i-Time + E-Time)
E.g. Speed of Computer = 1GHz (hertz) = represent 1 Cycle Bit = Either 0 or 1. Byte = 8 bits. KB = 1024 bytes. MB = 1024 x 106 { 1024 kb} GB = 1024 x 109 { 1024 mb} TB = { 1024 Gb}
Block Diagram of Computer

Secondary Memory
Input
CPU Main Memory (RAM) Communication
Output
The End
Chapter #1
R ahm a Ahmed Alh a jr i

IT - Ch#1

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I.

Data & Information

Information Processed data

Storage. A device that stores information. e.g. RAM, CD, Flash

2.Secondary Storage (memory)

Types of Soft ware

Types of Soft ware

Types of Soft ware

Types of Soft ware

1.Control Unit: An electronic part which controls the flow

2.ALU: it perform certain operation:

2.Register: a temporary memory on CPU chip which store

Machine Cycle (How CPU works)

Execution Time ( e-Time)

Machine Cycle (How CPU works)

Block Diagram of Computer

CPU Main Memory (RAM) Communication

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