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PREFACE.
nPHE Dutch
^

language being a collateral of the Modern German, there is considerable similarity between them, both having originated in the one form of construction, viz., old High German, and both having the same root words. This close relationship will naturally be found of great assistance to the student who, having a knowledge of either language, desires to learn the other.

The present manual is designed for students, and for those whose business or pleasure renders a practical acquaintance with the language a necessity, or at any rate a desideratum. Merchants, professional and commercial men visiting Holland or its dependencies, and travellers, officials, and settlers in South Africa will find it of great service and value. Dutch as spoken in Holland has been adhered to, for I found, whilst serving with the South African Field Force, that this is generally understood by the Boers and the Gape Dutch moreover, it is this parent tongue that is
;

being taught in the Government schools both in the Transvaal and the Orange River Colony. The very full outline of Grammar that forms a special and important feature of the work, will proTe most helpful to the student and all who desire to master the language.

The phonetic or third column will be found to give, at a glance, the pronunciation of the Dutch words in the second column, as they are spoken by the educated classes in Holland. This is
accomplished by means of Maelbokough's System of Phonetics, as employed throughout their Series of " Self-Taught " Manuals. The system is so simple that those previously unacquainted with either Dutch or German can, with its aid, make themselves
readily understood.
It is hoped that by facilitating the study and acquisition of the language, this Manual may help to strengthen the commercial and social ties between Great Britain and Holland, and also between the British and their Dutch fellow-subjects in South

Africa.

In conclusion, I gladly acknowledge

my

indebtedness to Miss

W. Klinkbkt,
the proofs.

of

Amsterdam,

for her valuable services in reviiing

C. A.

THIMM,

Captain,

late I.Y.,

South African Field Force.

London, 1904.

i\^20'r?38

DUTCH SELF-TAUGHT.
The Alphabet with Phonetic Pronunciation.
The Dutch Alphabet has 26
Characters.

letters

:
Phonetics
used.

A, a

Name and

English Pronunciation.

long, it is like a in father, as laden [lah'de(r)nj f When short, it has the same sound cut
short,

{ah) is either long or short. "^

When

...

ah
a(h)

B, b
C,
c

when otherwise as in English before

(bay)
(say)
a, o, u,
...
ij,

as brand [bra(h)nt]

...

...

...

final, is like p, as tab (top)

...
...

...

p
b

...

is

like kj
...

as as

canape
...

(kahnahpay)
before
e,
i,

...

...

k
s

z,

ei,

is
...

like

s,

civid
...

(seeveel)

...

...

...

Ch, ch -

D, d

has no corresponding sound in English. It is a guttural aspirate resembling the ch in the Scotch word loch, but is much sharper, as macht [ma(h)c/it] ...
(ch)
(^2/) ^*

...

ch

^^6 ^^ o^ ^ word

is

like

t,

as

pad
t ...

[pa(h)t]

E, e

otherwise as in English ... ... (ay) when long is like ay in day, as zeven
[zayfe(r)n]

...

ay
e

when
Note.
en,

At
er,

short,

it is like e

the end
be, ge, ver,
it

in men, as vet (fet) of a word, and in the

...

prefixes

and the
e

suffixes

is
,

like

in garden,

el, em, as koude

...

F, G, g
f

[kowde(r)]
(ef)

<7eZadcn [5re(r)lah'den]

e(r),

e
f

as in English

sound in Engfe'^y) has no corresponding .. fish it is a heavy guttural sound at the end of a word it ie pronounced like
;

...

g
ch

ch (see above), as
t

mag [ma(h)cA]

...

...

For rules relating to long and short vowels, see E(r) represents the sound of e as in term; the

p. 10.
(r) is

added (where
nr>t

necessary) in the phonetics, merely In order to give the e this sound to lengtft^n it and mast itself remtkiD unheard.

Characters.

H, h

Name and English Pronunciation. {hah) at the beginning of a word or syllable is always aspirated, as hagel (hah'^rel)
After
{ee)
t it

Phonetics
used.

I,

is silent,

as thans [ta(h)nss]

when long, like

...

ee in deep^ as ivoor (ee'-

vohr)

ee
i

&sja (yah) y in K, k as in English, and always before as knie (d) as in English L,

J
J

when
(kah)

short, like

in j9w, as wit (wit)...

(yO'V) like

yet,

sounded
k
1

n,

(k-nee)

M,

(em) as in
(dw) as in

N, n
0, o

English English
long, like o

m
n
in
sole,

(oh)

when

as doren

(doh'ren)

oh
o
...

when
^f P
(;?t/)

short, like o in not, as los (loss)

Q, q R, r
S, s

as bouquet (boo'ket) pronounced with greater vibration than in English, and a sharp in as mes (mess) never as in T, as in English U, u the French pronounced by
as in English
(keu) like k,
(err) is
is Tiever silent
(ess) is

P k

sibilant, like ss

loss,
. .

like z,

lose

ss
t

(tay)

(eu) is like

forming the

lips

into

a circle

(as

for

whistling), and sounding " eu " as sound. Ex.: huren [h&a'ren]

one

eu

When between two consonants, it

u in mud, as juk (yuk)
V, V (/ay)
is like

is like

u
f

a soft/, &sverdek [fe(r)rdek']

W,w
X, X
Z, z

(t^ay) is something like the English w, but the upper teeth should touch the lower lip

in

pronouncing

it.

Ex.

luijf

(weyf)

w
X
z

(eks)

as in English

(zed) as in

English

NoTB.C,

Q, and

X only

occur in words borrowed from other languages.

Vowels, Diphthongs, Gutturals,

The Vowels

<fcc.

are employed as Simple Vowels, and form Diphthongs.

also to

The Simple Vowels

ee
;

(-),

eu\

i,

ie

are Single and Double, o, oo; m, uu] also

; ;

viz.,
(-),

a,
oe.

aa

e,

For the Single Vowels see pp. 6 and 7

are as follows
:

the Double Vowels

Phonetics
used.

aa
ee
ie

like
,,

a in father, as rad (raht) ay in 6^a?/, as rf^-^Z (dayl) ...

<i<!p,

...

...

ah
ay
ee

...
...

...

like ee in

as diep (deep)

...

...
...

00

in go, as vroom (frohm)

(see
...

...

oh
eu

uu
eu

u when long natuur (nahteur)

''Alphabet"),
...

as
...

...

something like u in turn [not so open as (r), and longer]; better, like German o, as neu^
[nu(r)ss]
...

...

...

...

u, u(r)
...

oe

like oo in food, as boek (boo'k)

...

oo

The Diphthongs
ooi, ieu,

are au, on,

ei, ij,

ui, aai, eeu, oei,

:

pronounced as follows

aw ou)I
)

VI like ou;

m cow, as {rauw (row)... v [koud {kow

'

),

ow
;

I)

ei

has no exact counterpart in English it is somewhat like ey in they, very lightly pronounced, as meid (meyt) ... ... ...

ey

ij

ei (see

above), as dijk (deyk)

is like e
...

...

...

ey
e(r)

In the ending lijk{s), ij as dagelijks [dah7ele(r) ks]

yi
like oy in toy, lightly

in tei-m,
...
...

and quickly passed

... ...
...

over, as huis (hoyss)

...

oy
ah'i
oo'i

aai
oei

= = =

aa
oe

+ i short, which
...
...

see, as
...

maaien [mah'i...

e(r)n]

...

... ...

ooi

00

+i + t short,
short,

which which

see, as

moi (moo'i)

see, as hooi (hoh'i)

...

oh'i

9 ^ Diphthongs {cont,) eeu] These diphthongs are always followed by to, ieu) and the u in each is silent, so that we get
:

^used.*

eeuw ieuw

= =

eeuw or Note. (1) another syllable, the iv

+ w, + w, When
ee
ie

8,8 SiS

leeuw (l&y'w)

...

nieuwlnee'w)
ieuiv is
is

...

...ay'w ...ee'w

followed by joined on to this

syllable, as leeuwerik (lay'werik).

(2) Uw, as in zwaluw, thus zwaluw is pronounced
:

zwa(h)leiiw.

u long

+ w

Gutturals, &c. These gutturals have the same sound g and ch. at the end of a word, but must not be confounded, as they have different meanings
e.g.,

ligt

(lic/it),
...

lies

(verb)
...

licht

(lie/it),
...
...

light (noun)

...

ch

wh,

at the beginning of a word, is

pronounced
sch

joined, as scAijo (sc/ap) ... ... In the middle or at the end of a word, it is pronounced very like s, as tusschen [tus'se(r)n] bosch (boss) ... ... ...
as
s
t7i
,

and

s,

ss
t

th

is is

pronounced
a
soft,

like

t,

as tJians [ta(h)nss]

...

ng

one-consonant, nasal sound, prong in thing. It should never be divided into two sounds, as in finger, hunger, &c.; e.g., t'iw^^r [fing'e(r)r] ... ...

nounced

like

ng

PRELIMINARY NOTES.
Pronunciation. The student is recommended to familiarize himself at the outset with the few points in connection with the pronunciation of Dutch which present any difficulty, viz., the gutturals g and ch, and the diphthongs el, Ij, ui, and eu. The phonetic signs g and ch convey no adequate idea of the gutturals, which should, if possible, be learned from a native of Holland. The same plan would be advantageous as regards ei, ij, ui, and eu^ although their pronunciation is much simpler (see p. 8). It is best to learn the Vocabularies and Conversations by heart, 'by repeating them aloud, following the pronunciation in the

10
third column. Thus the tongue becomes expert in forming the words and the ear familiar with the sounds.

NoxB.

(1)
(2) (3)

Sometizaes a consonant is doubled in the phonetics to keep the preceding vowel short, as blind (blinnt). Ig is prononncd " e(r)flr (or e(r)c7i "), as in twintig [twinte(r)c7i] Ir is like " ir " in " mirror," not as in " bird "; the phonetic sign used is ir (italics), as firma (ftr'mah).

laid

1. In words of more than one syllable the stress is mostly on the root syllable, as in prevelen [pray'fe(r)le{r)n] 2. Prefixes are accented, as in aartsbisschop (ahrts'bissop), antwoord [a(h)nt'wohrt] ondank [on'da(h)nk]

Accent.

Exceptions: Be,
[be(r)-tah'le(r)n]
,

ge, er, her, ont, ver; as in gelooven [gre(r)loh'fe(r)n]

.

betalen

3. Suffixes are not accented; as in bedelaar [bay'de(r)lahr] loviperd [lom'pe(r)rt] kinderlijk [kin'de(r)rle{r)k] &c. Exceptions: Eel, egge, ei, es, ij, in, ier which are accented as in houweel (howayl'), prinses (prinsess'), &c.
, ,

N.B. The accented syllable is marked in the phonetics by the apostrophe ('), as above. In many Dutch words the accentuation foUows the
Eiiglish or falls naturally,

and the mark

is

omitted.

Long and Short Vowels. I. Double Vowels

long, aspaar<i(pahrt), stroom (strohm).
II.
(a)

are always

Single Vowels ara long or short, viz.: Long at the end of a syllable, as mager [mah-grer] oUfant [oh-lee-fa{h)nt] except at the end of a word, as stille
, ,

[stille(r)],
(6)

kraai (kiah'i), viooZ^^e [fee-ohlt'ye(r)]

Short
(1) between two consonants in the same syllable, as redden [red-de(r)n] kost (kosst), artisjok [a(h)r-tis-yok]; (2) in prefixes and suffixes, as gezang [gre(r)-za(h)ng] be, ,

ewijmen [be(r)-zweyme(r)n]
(3)

Note.A

before ch, as lucht (luc/it), licht (licM). consonant commences a syllable, as eten [ay-te(r)n not ayt-e(r)ni, papegaai [pah-pe(r)-gah'i], zeeboezem [zay-boo-ze(r)m] Where two consonants occur in the middle of a word, the syllables are divided between them, as vallen [fa(h)r-len], d/yiider [don!-de(r)r], except when the preceding syllable is merely a PREFIX ending in a vowel, as geblaf [ge(r)-bla(h)f' ].
single

Rules of Spelling. 1. The vowels a, e, o, u are written single at the end of a syllable, when accented, as va'der, ste'den, except in a number of words which have ee, and lo*ven, mu'ren others which have oo, as hee'ten, koo'pen, &o. 2. is written single in the suffix isch, as godisch. 3. The double vowels ee, oo, ie are written (a) At the end of words of one syllable as zee, stroo, drie. \b) In suffixes as hoiiweelen, Europeesche, werkelooze,
;

massief, graniet.
swre written with either a single or double vowel^ according to the meaning, as gene (that), geene (no); liopen (to hope), hoopeii (heaps) kolen (coals), koolen (cabbages), &o.

4.

Some words
;

VOCABULARIES.
1.

The World and

(See Notes

its

Elements.
p. 69,)

{De Wereld en hare Elementen.)

on Gendee, pp.
eO-Tl;

Aeticles,

English.

Dutch.

Pronunciation.
luc/it

Air cloud
cold

lucht f

Creator darkness

wolk f. koude f. Schepper m.

duisternis
f.

work
kowde(r)
scAep'pe(r)r
doyss'te(r)rniss

dew
dust earth

dauw m.
stof n.

dow (hke
stoff

cow;j

aarde

f.

East
echpse
fire

oosten n,
eclips f

ahrde(r) ohs'te(r)n
ayklipss'

vuur
mist
vorst

n.,

brand m.

feur, bra(h)nt

fog
frost

m.
f.

misst
forrst

God
hail

God m. hagel m.
hitte
f.

^ot
hah'5re(r)l
hitte(r)

heat

Heaven
Hell

hemel m.
helt.
licht n.

hay'me(r)l hel
licht

hght
lightning

hliksem

m.

blik'se(r)m

moon
,

full

new

maan f. voile maan f. nieuwe maan

maanlicht n.

mahn
fol'le(r)
f.

nee'we(r)

mahn mahn

moonlight nature

mahnlicAt
nahteur' nohr'de(r)n ray'^e(r)n-bohcA

North rainbow
shade, shadow sky

natuur f noorden n.
regenhoog

m.

schaduw
Z2^cAi f

f.

scAa(h)deuw
IxLcht

South sun thunder weather

zuiden n.
a;(m f

zoy'de(r)n

zon
don'de(r)r way'de(r)r wess'te{r)n

donder m.
w^ti^r n.

West
wind
world

westen n.

mn(i m.
wereld
f.

winnt
way're(r)lt

12
2.

Land and Water.

Dutch.

(Land en Water.)
Pronunciation.

English.

Bay
beach
cliff

baai m. strand n.
klip
f.

coast current dale

kust

bah'i stra(h)nt klip kusst

ebb
flow (rising tide)

stroom dal n. ebi.

vloed

m.

strohm
da(h)l

ep
floo't

m. m.

foam
hill

schuim n.
heuvel
iJ8 n.

scAoym
hu(r)'fe(r)l

ice

island lake

mainland mountain

eiland n. meer n. vastland n. herg m.

eyss eyla(h)nt

mayr
fa(h)stla(h)nt

mud
peninsula
rain river

modder

f.

schiereiland n. regen m.

bercA mod'de(r)r scAeer'eyla(h)nt ray'^e(r)n

reefeer'

rimer
rots f

f.

rock

rotss

sand
sea sea-shore shingle shore

Zand n.
zee f

za(h)nt

zay
f.

lage zeekust
kiezel n.

lah^e(r) zay'kusst
kee'ze(r)l
oofe(r)r',

oever m., strand n.

stra(h)nt

snow
star

sneeuw

f.

snay'w
sterr

sf^

storm (on land) stream

storm m. stroom m.
dool
^reii/

storrm

strohm
doh'i pe(r)tey [m.
vZodc/
efc f.

thaw
tide

m.
n.

[floot

high tide at low tide

at

koogwater n., laagwater n.,

20t u-afer n.

water, fresh

salt

OMi water n.
w;a(^;-raZ
S'oZ/
f.

waterfall

hoh^'wahte(r)r, lah^'wahte(r)r zoot wahte(r)r zowt wahte(r)r wahte(r)rfa(h)l

^ol'f

wave
well

wei, 6ro

f.

wel, bro(h)n

18
3.

Minerals and Metals.

English.

{Mineralen en Metalen.)
Pronunciation.

Dutch.

Agate

alum amber
brass

agaatsteen aluin f.

m.

amher m.
geel koper n.

bronze carbuncle

brons n. karbonkel

m.

cement
chalk
clay coal

cement n.
krijt n.
klei
f.

ah^aht'stayn ahloyn' a(h)mbe(r)r //ayl kohpe(r)r bronss kahrbon'ke(r)l se(r)ment

kreyt kley

kool

f.

copper
coral
crystal

koper n. koraal n.
kristal n.

kohl kohpe(r)r kohrahl'

krissta(h)l'

diamond
emerald
glass

diamant m. smaragd m.
glas n.

deeahma(h)nt
smahra(h)^^t
^la(h)ss

gold granite gravel

iron

goud

n.

^owt
^rahneet' kee'zelza(h)nt
[ze(r)r ey'ze(r)r ^e(r)^oh'te(r)n ey'-

graniet n. kiezelzand n.
ijzer n.

cast

gegoten ijzer

wrought

gesmeed ijzer
lood n.

^e{r)smayt ey'ze(r)r
loht ka(h)lk

lead

lime

kalk

f.

marble mercury
metals

rnarmer n.
kwikzilver n.

ma(h)r'me(r)r
kwikzilfe(r)r

metalen n.
mzjTi f

maytah'lern

mine
mortar
ore pearl

meyn
m.
f.

mortel
erfs n.

mort'e(r)l
e(r)rtss

joareZ

pahre(r)l

quartz

kwarts n.
rohijn

ruby
sapphire
silver
steel

sajier
;2;iZver

m. m.
n.

kwa(h)rtss rohbeyn'
sa(h)ffeer'
zilfe(r)r

staaZ n.
sf^en
<iin

stahl

stone
tin

m.

stayn
tin

n.

14
9.

Animals,

Birds,

and Fishes.
Pronunciation.

(Dieren, Vogels en Visschen.)

English.

Dutch.

AniTTial

dier n.

antelope

antilope

f.

deer a(h)nteelohpe(r)
5fe(r)bla(h)f

barking bear
bird blackbird bleating
bull

geblaf n.

m. vogel m.
beer

bayr
fohVe(r)l mayre(r)l
(/e(r)blaht'

merel f. geblaat n.
bul, stier

m.

bul

(like 6wf), steer

calf

carp
cat
cattle

kalf n. karper kat f.

vee n.

m.

ka(h)lf ka(h)rpe(r)r ka(h)t fay

chicken claw cock cod

colt

kuiken n.

koyke(r)n

klauw m.
Jiaan m. Tcabeljauw f
veuleii n.

klow

(like cow)

hahn
ka(h)belyow
fu(r)'le(r)n

cow
crab

koe

f.

koo
kra(h)p
krah'i

crow
cuckoo dog

krab f. kraai f koekoek m.

Amwi m.
ezel

koo'kook hont
ay'ze(r)l

donkey
dove duck
eagle
eel

m.

dwi/ f. eewd f. arend m. aaZ m.

olifant ved^r f.
vinwfiw

doyf aynt
ahre(r)nt ahl oh'leefa(h)nt
fay'de(r)r

elephant
feather
fins fish

m.
f.

pi.

fin'ne(r)n
fiss

visch
ros

fox fur
gills

m. m.
.

foss

hont n.

bont
kee'we(r)n bok, geyt ^a(h)nss korr'hoon

goat goose grouse

kieuwen f pi. fcoA; m., ^r^it f. gans f. korhoen n.

16
English.

Dutch.

Pronunciation.

gull

meeuw

f.

may'w
m.
scAel'fiss

haddock
hair

schelvisch

hare

haar n. haas m.
havik m. hoen m., hen kudde f. haring m.
f.

hahr habss
hahfik boon, hen
kud'de(r)

hawk
hen
herd herring hoof horn horse howling

hoef m. horen m., hoorn n. hohre(r)n,

hahring hoof

hohrn

paard n.
gehuil n.
Ia7n n. leeuwerik

pabrt ^e(r)hoyr

lamb
lark
lion

la(h)m

m.

lay'we(r)rik

leeuw

m.

lay'w
zay'krayft

lobster

mackerel

m. makreel m.
zeekreeft
ekster
f.

ma(h)krayl
ekste(r)r

magpie

mane monkey
mouse mule
neighing nightingale
ostrich

manen f. aa/? m.
muis n.
muilezel

pi.

mah'ne(r)n

ahp moyss

m.

gehinnik n. nachtegaal m.
struisvogel
wiZ

moyl'ayze(r)l ^e(r)bin'nik
na(h)c/ite(r)5^abl

m.

stroyss-foh^e(r)l

owl ox
oysters

05

m. m.
f.

oyl OSS
pi.

oesters

ooste(r)rss

parrot partridge

papegaai m.
patrijs
jpoot

pabpe(r)/7ah'i

paw
pheasant
pig

m. m.

pahtreyss'

poht
fahza(h)nt' fa(h)r'ke(r)n doyf

pigeon
pike quail
rat

fazant m. varken n. c?m/ f.

sno^/c

kwartel ra( f.

m. m.

snook
kwa(h)rte(r)l ra(b)t rahf za(h)l'm
zowte(r)fis3

raven

salmon
salt fish

raa/ f. aZm m.
zoutevisch

m.

16
English.

Dutch.

Pronanciatlon.

scales

schiibben f pi.
.

sheep snipe
sole

schaap n.
snip f, tong f.

sc/iubbe(r)n sc/iahp

snip

tong

sparrow swallow

swan
tail

musch f. zwaiuw f. zwaan m.

staart
lijster

muss
zwah'leuw

zwahn
stahrt
leyste(r)r tey'^e(r)r
fohre(r)l'

m.
f.

thrush
tiger

tijger

m.

trout turbot

forel t tarhot f.

turkey
turtle

kalkoen m.
zeeschildpad
f.

ta(h)rbot ka(h)lkoon'
zay'sc/iiltpa(h)t

whale
whiting

walvisch m. wijting n.

wa(h)rfiss wey'ting

wing
wolf

woodpecker wood-pigeon wool

5.

m. m. specht m.
vleugel
M7o^/

flu(r)Xr)l
wol'f
spec/it

woudduif
U'OZ f.

f.

wowd'doyf wol

Reptiles

&

Insects.

{Kruipend Gedierte en Insecten.)

Ant
bee
beetle butterfly
caterpillar
flea
fly

mier f. (honig)
tor,

meer
bij
f.

(hohning) bey
tor, kayfe(r)r

kever

m.

kapel f., vlinder m. kahpell', flin'de(r)r rups rups f.

vloo
vlieg
f.

floh
fleecA

f.

frog

kikvorsch
w?i9r
f.

m.

kikforss

gnat grasshopper mosquito

much
sprink'hahn muskeet'

moth
serpent

spHnkhaan m. nmskiet m. mot f.

sZaw.^
f.

mot
sla(h)ng

silkworm
snail

zijworm m.
siafc
f.

zeyworm
sla(h)k sla(h)ng

snake

sZan^

f.

17
English.

Dutch.

Pronunciation.

spider sting

spin

f.

spin
a(h)ng'e(r)l pa(h)t a(h)d'de(r)r

amfel

m.

toad viper

pad

f.

wasp

adder f. wesp f.

worm
6.

worm m.
Fruits, Trees, Flowers,
(See Shopping, p.

wesp wor'm

and Vegetables.

(Vruchten, Boornen, Bloemen en Groenten.)

109.)

Apple
artichoke ash

appel m.

artiyok
esch

f.

a(h)p'pe(r)l a(h)rtisyok ess

m.
f.

asparagus beans
beech-tree beetroot birch

asperge f

hoonen
beet f

pi.

beiikeboom
berk

m.
f.

a(h)sspersye boh'ne(r)n bu(r)'ke(r)bohm bayt berrk

blackberry

braambes
tak
kool

brahm'bess

bouquet branch cabbage

carrot cauliflower celery

bouquet, ruiker

m.

booket', roy'ke(r)r

m.
f.

ta(h)k

kohl

wortel

m.
f.

worrtel

bloemkool
selderij
f.

bloom'kohl
sel'de(r)rey

cherry chestnut

kers

f.

ke(r)rss
f.

kastanje

cinnamon
crocus

kaneel

kahsta(h)n-ye(r) kahnayl'

cucumber
currant, black
daffodil

krokus m. komkommer m, zwarte bes f. narcis f. takkenbos m. vijgeboom m. hazelnoot f.

krohkus

komkom'me(r)r
zwa(h)rte(r) bess narsiss ta(h)k'ke(r)nbos3

fagot
fig-tree
filbert

fey^e(r)'bohm hahze(r)lnoht

fir-tree

pijnboom m.
bloem
f.

flower
forest

peyn'bohm bloom
boss k-noflohk ^em'be(r)r

garlic

ioscA n. knojiook n.

ginger
Dutch Self-Tanght

gember m.

18
English.

Dutch.

Prontmciation.

gooseberry grapes (bunch ivy kernel

leaf

kruishes
of)

f.

tros

druiven klimop n.
f.

f . pi.

kroyss'bess tross droyfe(r)n

klimop
pit

pit

hlad n.
Citroen
la tit w
lelie f.

lemon
lettuce

m.

bla(h)t sitroon

f.

lahteuw
lay 'lee
foo'lee

Uly

mace
melon mulberry
myrtle
nettle

foelie

f.

meloen m. moerhei f. mitt f

.

me (r) 'loon
moor' bey
mir't
nayte(r)l

netel

f.

nut
oak-tree parsley

noot f. eikeboom
peterselie

noht

m.
f.

eyke(r)'bolim payte(r)rsay'lee

pear peas (green) pine (tree) pine-apple

peer f erwten
a'/wTias

payr
f.

pi.

erten

pijnboom m.
f.
f.

peybohm
ahnahna(h)3
a(h)nyeleer

pink

anjelier

plum
potato radishes raspberry root rose

pruim

f.

proym
ahrd'a(h)p-pe(r)l rahdey'ze(r)n fra(h)in'bohss
wor'te(r)l

aardappel m.
radijzen f.pl.

framboos
ivortel

f.

m.
f.

roos
si^^Z

f.

spinach
stalk (of

spinazie

rohss spinahzee
stayl

a plant)

m.
f.

strawberry

aardhei

ahid'bey

stump
tree tulip

(of

a tree)

sio?79

ioowi
twZj?

m. m.

stomp

bohm
tulp k-nol

f.

turnip vine
violet

AtwZ m.

wijngaard m.
viooltje n.

weyn'z/ahrt
fee-ohlt'ye(r)

walnut
watercress

ualnoot f. water kers f.

wo.? n.
tt'tZ^

wa(h)rnoht
wahte(r)rkerss wa(h)ss wilcA

wax
willow

m.

19
7.

Colours.

(Kleuren.J

(See Shopping, p. 109.)

English.

Dutch.

Pronunciation.

Black
blue

brown
crimson dark
green grey
light
lilac

zwart blauw bruin karmozijn donker groen

grijs
licht
lila

zwa(h)rt

blow
broin

(like cow)

karmohzeyn'
don'ke(r)r

^roon
(^reyss
licAt

orange pink
purple red
scarlet
violet

oranJ9
rose

leelah ohra(h)n'ye(r)
rose(r)

purper rood scharlaken rood paars violet

purpe(r)r roht
sc72a(h)rlahken roht

white yellow

wit
geel

feeohletf wit ^ayl

>

pahrs

8.

Times and Seasons.

(Tijden en Jaarfietijdev.)
100.)

(For Conversations see page

Afternoon
birthday

namiddag m.

nahmid'da(h)cA

Christmas

Eve dawn
day
day, to-

fe(h)rjahrda(h)cA verjaardag m. kerrstmiss Kerstmis f. Avond voor Kerstmis ahfont fohr kerrstdah'_^/e(r)raht [miss dag era ad m.

days of the week

dag m. hedent van daag dagen van de week

da(h)c/t

[dahg

hayde(r)n, fa(h)n da(h)/:/e(r)n fa(h)n

de(r)

wayk

Monday
Tuesday

Maandag
Dinsdag Woensdag Donderdag
Vrijdag

mahn'Ja(h)c/i
dinss'da(h)c/i
^>

Wednesday
Thursday
Friday Saturday

oonss'da(h)c/t

don\1e(r)rda(h)cA frey'da(h)cA
zah'terda(h)c/t
zon'da(h)c/i

Zaterdag

Sunday

Zondag

01

20
English.

Dutch.

Pronunciation.

Easter
evening, eve fortnight

Good-Friday
holiday

Paschen f. avond m. veertien dagen Goede Vrijdag m.

feestdag
uiir n.

pah'se(r)n

ah 'font
fay r teen dah//e(r)n ^oode(r) freyda{h)c/i faysst'da(h)c/i
eiir

m.

hour
,

half- an

een half uitr

ayn ha(h)lf

eiir

last

night

gisteravond
vastentijd

m.

,^isterrahfont

Lent Michaelmas midnight

Sint-Michiel

middernacht m.
midzonier

fa(h)stenteyt sint micA-eel' mid'de(r) r-na(h)cAt

Midsummer
minute

minuut

f. f.

midzohme(r)r meeneut'

month
months, the January February

maand
de

mahnt
de(r)

maanden

mahnde(r)n

Januari
Februari

yahneuah'ree
faybreuah'ree

March
April

Maart
April

mahrt
ahpril'

May
June
Jnly

Mei Juni
Juli

mey
yeu'nee
yeii'lee

August September
October

Augustus September
October

November December morning

morrow,
to-

November December
] j

ow^uss'tuss septem'be(r)r oktoh'be(r)r nohfem'be(r)r day-sem'be(r)r

morgen m.

mor^e(r)n

New
night

Years Eve

noon
quarter

of an

hour

Oudejaarsavond m. owde(r)yahrsahnacht m. na(li)cAt [font middag m. mid'da(h)cA kivartier L. kwa(h)rteer een kwartier {uurs) ayn kwa(h)rteer
(eiirss)

seasons, the

Spring

jaargetijden n.pl. Lente f.

y ahr^e (r) tey de (r) n

lente (r)

Summer Autumn
Winter

Zomer m. HerfSt m.
Winter m.

zohme(r)r
herrfst

win'te(r)r

21
English.

Dutch,

Pronunoiation.

second
sunrise sunset

seconde f. zonfiopgang
tijd

se(r)konde(r)

m.

zonsop'^a(h)ng

zonsondergang m.

zonson'de(r)rteyt

time
twilight

m.
i.

week
week-day weekly Whitsuntide year

schemering week f.

[^a(h)ng sc/iayme(r)ring

wayk
werrkda(h)cA
wayke(r)le(r)ks pinks te(r)ren

werkdag m.
wekelijksch
Pinkstei'en
f.

jaar n.
gisteren

yahr
^i3te(r)ren

yesterday

morning
evening
9.

morgen avond

m.0T'ge{r)n ah
'font

Holidays in Holhand.
Hemelvaartsdag m. hay'me(r)lfahrtsda(h)cA kerrst'da(h)cA Kerstdag m. pahss'da(h)c/i Paaschdag m. Goede Vrijdag m. ^oode{r) freyda(h)cA Nieuwjaarsdag m. nee' w- yahrssPinkster dag
i

(Alginneen erkende Feestdagen.)

Ascension

Day

Christmas Day Easter Day Good Friday

New

Year's

Day

Whitsunday
10.

m.

da(h)c^ pinkste (r)rda (h) ch

{St ad en Land.)
1(e.)

Town ind
(

Country.

For Conversations see page

Bank (mound)
barn
bridf(c

oever

m.
f.

oo'fe(r)r
sc/ieur

schiiur

brug
beek

f.
f.

brucA

brook
building (edifice)

bayk
^e(r)bow'

gebouw n.
krevpelhout n.

bush
cathedral

kru(r)pelhowt

country courtyard custom-house

dale ditch

domkerk land n.

f.

dom'kerrk
ia(h)nt
f.

binnenplaats

binne(r)nplahtss

douanenkantoor n.
dal n.
Zoot
f.

dooahnenka(h)nda(h)l sloht om'stra:yken

[tohr

environs

omstreken

f.pl.

22
English.

Dutch.

Pronunciation.

exchange farm
fence
field

beurs
/loeve

f.
f.

bu(r)rss
hoofe(r) scAut'ting
felt

schiitting

f.

veld

f.

foot-path
forest

voetjtad n.

foo't-pa(h)t

gate grass

hay
high-road
hospital

bosch n. poort 1, hek n. gras n. hooi n.

strautweij

boss pohrt, hek

^rci(h)ss

m.

Jwspitaal n.

hoh'i straht'wee^ hoss'peetahl

yah/7e(r)r

huntsman
hut inn (public-house)
log

jager m. hut f.
Jierberg
f.

hut
herr'be(r)rc^

blok n.

blok
i.

market

markt
iceide
viijl f.

ma(h)rkt
wey'de(r)

meadow
mile
mill

f.

molen m.
gedenktfc!,in n.

meyl moh'len
^e(r)denk'tayken pahleyss' pa(h)t hohft
poh-lee'tsee-beu'rob
i/e(r)fa(h)ng'e(r)-

monument
palace

paleis n. pac^ n.
/ioo/(i

path
pier police-station

n.

politie-bureaii n.

prison
river

gevaiigenu
rir/^)- f.
iref^r

f.

reefeer'

[nis

road
school

m.
f.

wec/t
sc/tohl

scliool

shepherd shop
soil

herder winkel
bodein,

m. m.
grand m.
f.

herr'de(r)r

win'kel boh'de(r)m, ^rront

feer'ka(h)nt, pleya straht

square
street

vierkant, plein u.

straat

timber tower

/w?^i n.

howt
toh'ren
sta(h)t
f.

for^i
sfarf

m.
f.

town
town-hall
university valley
village

stadhais n.
universiteit
t'a^^^i
rf/>rp
f.,

rfa/

n.

sta(h)t-hoyss euneeferseeteyt' fa(h)l'ley, da(h)l

n.

dorp

28
English,

Dutch.

Pronunciation.

waterfall

water val
u'oud n.

m.

wahte(r)rfa(h)l

wood

(trees, etc.)

wowt

11. Mankinel: Relations. (Menschelijk geslacht : Familiebetrekkingen.)

Aunt
bachelor

tante

f.

ta(h)n'te(r)
frey^e(r)zell

boy
bride

m. jongen m.
vriggezel

yo(h)ngen
broyt
broyde(i-)(/om

bridegroom
brother
child

cousin

hruid f. hruidegom m. hroeder m. kind n. neef m., nicht

dochter m. schoondochter
f.

brooder(r)

kinnt
f.

nayf, nicAt
doc/<tte(r)r

daughter
daughter-in-law family father father-in-law
girl

sc/tohn'docAte(r)r
g'e(r)zin

gezin n.

vader m. schoonvader m.
meisje n.

fah'de(r)r

sc/<ohn'fahde(r)r

meyssye(r)
kleyn'do^/tte(r)r

granddaughter
grandfather

grandmother grandson guardian

heir

kleindochter f. grootvader m. grootmoeder f. kleinzoon m.

voo//(/

^roht'fahde(r)r

^roht'moode(r)r kleyn'zohn
iohchi

m.

husband

man
mother
mother-in-law

[nqhfc erf'^enahm waw, echtgenoot m. ma(h)n, Qchi'gQ{xy menss, ma(h)n menschf man m.

erfgenaam m.

moeder f. schoonmoeder
71^^/

moode(r)r
f.

sc/iohn'moode(r)r

nephew
niece parents
sister

m.

nayf
nicAt

m'c/ii f.

ouders m.&f.pl.
zuster
;2;oo?i

owde(r)rss
zusste(r)r

f.

son son-in-law uncle widow*

m.

zohn

schoo7izoon

m.

sc/iohnzohn

widower
wife

oom m. weduwe f. weduwnaar m.

vrouw
f.

ohm
way'deu\ve(r)

way'deunahr
frow
[te(r)

vrouw, echtgenoot f t frow, ecAt'^e(r)noh-

woman

24
12.

The Human Body.

English.

(Het Menschdijk Lichaam.)

PronuBCiation.

Dutch,

Ankle

arm
back beard blood

m. arm m. ru(/ m. baard m.

enkel bloed n.

en'kel

a(h)rm
ruck bahrt
bloo't

body bones
bowels brain cheek
chest

lichaam n.
beenderen n.pl.

lic/iahm

ingewanden n.pl.
hersen en
ivang
borst
f. f.

f.pi

baynde(r)ren in'^e(r)wa(h)nden herrsenen

wa(h)ng
borsst

chin complexion
ears

kin f. gelaaUkleur ooren n. pi.

elleboog

kin
f.

^e(r)lahtsklu(r)r

ohren
elle(r)bohcA
ohc/t
^e(r)zic/it

elbow eye
face fingers foot

m.

oog n.
gezicht n.

vingers
i;oef

m.

pi.

fiug'e(r)rss
foo't

m.

forehead hair

voorlioofd n.
/iaar n.

fohr'hohft

hahr
ha(h)nt hohft
ha(h)rt nee'ren k-nee

hand head
heart kidneys

Aanrf

f.

^oo/ii n.

hart n. nieren f. pi.

/I'nie
f.

knee
leg

ie^'n

n.
pi.

bayn
lit
f.

limb
lips

lid n.
Zip^^en

lip'pe(r)n
layfe(r)r

liver

Zer^r

f.

lungs

longen
moTirf

f.

pi.

long'e(r)n

mouth
nails

neck nose
pulse shoulders
ide

m. nagels m. we/r m. neus m. j9oZ.s m.

fichouders
eijfl^
f.

mont
pi.

nah'^e(r)ls3

nek
nu(r)ss polss sc/<owde(r)rss zeyde(r)

m.

pi.

25
English.

Dutch.

Pronunciation.

skin spine

huid f. ruggegraat

hoyt
f.

ru^^e(r)^raht

stomach
throat

maag
keel
f.

f.

mahcA
(interior)

kayl, ha(h)ls

thumb
toe

duim m. teen m.
tong
tontZ
f.

[hals

m. doym
tayn tong
ta(h)nt

tongue
tooth
13.

m.
(

Health.
ongeluk n.

Gezondheid.
107.)

(For Conversations see page

Accident

o(h)n(7e(r)luk
f.

ambulance
apoplexy

ambulance
heroerte
f.

a(h)mbeula(h)n'-'
beroorte(r)
fe(r)rba(h)nt'
f.

[se(r)

bandage
biliousness bite (of a dog)
blister

verband n.
galachtigheid hondebeet m. hlaar f.

/7ahla(h)c/i'te(r)^-

bruise

kneuzing

f.

burn
to catch a disease

brandwonde

honde(r)bayt [heyt blahr k-nu(r)zing bra(h)nt'wonnde(r)

ayne(r)
zeekte(r)

eene ziekte krijgen

contagion
chemist's shop
chill

bcsmetting

apotheek
koiide
f.

f.

to catch a chill

koude vatten
winter
hoest

krey^en be(r)smetting ahpohtayk' kowde(r) kowde(r) fa(h)tten

winte(r)r [m. boost

chilblains

m.

cough
corn

m.

ekstewogn., likdoorn ek'sterohr/,likdohrn

cramp
cure deaf
dentist diarrhoea
diet

kramp m.
genezing do of tandarts diarrhee
dieet n.
arts, dokter

kra(h)mp nay zing dohf

r/e(r)

m.
f.

ta(h)nt'a(h)rts

deeahray
deeayt'

doctor

m.
n.
i.

a(h)rtss, dokte(r)r

draught

geneesmiddely

^e(r)nayss'midde(r)l, dra(h)nk'.

drankje

dumb
exercise

s<o?w.

stom

[y6(r)

lichaamsoefening

lif'Aahmsoo'fening

26
English.

Dutch.

Pronxinciation.

exhaustion
to faint

vitputtiny f. flauw vallen

fit

oyt'puttin^ (as nut) flow fa(h)llen

flowte(r)
-

fainting,

fatigued
fever
fit

flauwte vermoeid
koorts
f.

fe(r)rmoo'it

kohrtss
too'fa(h)l

toeval n.

fracture

breuk
jicht

f.

bru(r)k
yioht
f

gout headache hoarse

hospital
ill

f.

hoofdpijn
heesch

hospitaal n.
ziek
ziekte
f.

hohft'peyn hayss hosspeetahl zeek

zeekte(r)
slec/ite(r)

illness

indigestion indisposed, to be indisposition

slechte

spijsverterf.

ing

speyss'fe(r)rtayring

ongeateld zijn

on-//e(r)stelt'
i.

ongesteldheid

zeyn on -ge (r) stelt' -he}^

inflammation

ontsteking

f.

ontstayking

lame
medicine nurse ointment pain
paralysis
pill

mank
geneesmiddel
pleegzuster
f.

ma(h)nk

m.

^e(r)nayss'middel playgzusterr
za(h)lf

zalf t pijn f

verlamming
pil
f.

f.

peyn ferla(h)mming
pil

poison
poultice prescription

vergif n.

fe(r)r^if

pap

t.,

compres n.

pa(h)p, kompress
re(r)sept

recept n.

remedy
rest

middel n.
rust
f.

mid'del
russt
f.

scald scratch sea-sickness sick sore throat

brandivonde krab f.
zeeziekte f

bra(h)nt'wonde(r) kra(h)p

sprain sting
tonic

wart

zay'zeekte(r) missele(r)k peyn in de(r) kayl pijn in de keel verstuiking i. fe(r)rstoy'king stayk sleek ra. o/jwekkend middel n. opwekke(r)nt mid'wrat f. w-ra(h)t [del
misselijk

wound

wnnd

f.

wouut

27

14.
English.

Dress.

(Kleeding.j
&c.,

(See Shopping, Dressmaker,

Shoemaker, Laundress

pages

109 to 112.)

Dutch.

Pronunciation.

Blouse (lady's) bonnet

boots
bracelet braces

blouse

f.

kapothoed m. laarzen f.pl.

armhand m.
bretels f.pl.

blooze kahpo(h)thoot lahrze(r)n a(h)rm'ba(h)nt

bretells

brooch brush buttons button-hook cap

cloak
slothes- brush

hroche
horstel

f.

bro(h)sh
borste(r)l

m. knoopen m.pl. knoopenhaak m.

f

pet

mantel m.
kUerhorstel

k-nohpe(r)n k-nohpe\r)nhahk pet ma(h)nte(r)l

klay'rborste(r)l

m.
m.

coat
collar

jas

f.

yass

kraa(] m., hoord

comb
cotton

kam m.
katoen n. onderhroek
/i:Z<?e(i

bohrt [krahcA kahtoon'

krahc/i,

ka(h)m

drawers
dress gaiters

f.

n.

on'de(r)rbroo-k klayt

garters glove hair-pin

slohkousen f.pl. kousehanden m.pl.

slop'kowssen kow'se(r)ba(h)ndeD
ha(h)nt'sc/AOon

handkerchief hat
lace

handschoen m. haarspeld f. zakdoek m.

Aoeti
/ffl72t

hah r- spelt
za(h)k'dook hoot ka(h)nt fooring
ray7/e(r)nya(h)ss ha(h)lssnoor nahlt
oh'fe(r)r-ya(h)ss

m.
f.

lining

mackintosh
necklace needle overcoat parasol
petticoat

voering f. regenjaa i. hahsiwer n.

naald
overjas

f.

parasol
speld
;5a^
f.

f.

vrouwenrok

pa(h)rahsol frowe(r)nrok
spelt

pin pocket purse ring

shirt

m.
f.

za(h)k
bu(r)rs3 ring

6wrs

Wn^ m,
Atfmd n.

hemt

28
English.
1

Dutch.

Pronunciation.

shoe shoe-horn
skirt

schoen

m.
m.

sc/ioon

sclioenlioren

scAoonhohre(r)n

japonrok m.
pantoffel corset n.
f.

yahpo(h)nrok
pa(h)ntoffel
korset'

slipper stays (corset)

stockings thread
tie

kousen

f .pi.

draad m.
das
f

kowsse(r)u draht
da(h)ss broo'k

trousers

hroek f

umbrella
veil

paraplu

f.

pahrahpleu'
f.

sluier m., voile

vest n.

sloy 'e (r) r

fest

wa wle (r)

waistcoat

watch
16.

horlofje n.

horloh'^e(r)

Food and Drink.

U
.o 18,

(Voedsel en
e

Drankm.)
KM
to
106.)

(See alBO pages

and

for Conversations

ee pages

Bacon
beef
beef- steak

Spek n. rundvleesch n.
biefstick
bier n.

spek
runtflayss

m.

beefstuk
beer broht
ro,v7/e(r(broht
ferss' broht

beer bread

brown

, 7
,

new
stale

brood n. roggebrood versch brood oiidbakken brood

wittehrood
onthijt n.

white

owdba(h)k'ke(r)nwitte(r) broht [broht

ontbeyt' bohte(r)r koo'k, tulba(h)nt

breakfast butter

boter

f.

cake cheese chocolate

cigar
coffee

koek m., tidhand

kaas f. chocolade sigaar f.

/co/^> f.

f.

kahss chokolahde(r)
seer/ahr

kof'fee

cream
dinner eggs
fat

room m. middagwaal
eieren n. pi.
rf n.

rohra
n.

mid'da(h)^mahl
ey'e(r)re(r)n
fet

flour

gin

ham

mZ n. jenever m. ^/7i m.

mayl
ye(r)nayfe(r)r

ha(h)m

29
English.

Dutch.

Pronunciation.

honey
ice

honig
ijs

m.

hohnig
eyss she(r)ley neere(r)n la(h)msflayss

n.
f.

jam
kidneys

gelei

lamb
lean

nieren f.pl. lamsvleesch n. niager vleesch

lemonade meat

limonade

f.

mah^e(r)r flayss leemonah'de(r)

flayss

boiled roast

vleesch n. gekookt vleesch

^e(r)kohkt flayss
(/e(r)brahden flayss^

milk mustard

gebraden vleesch melk f. mosterd m.

schapevleesch n.
schapecoteletten
olie
i. f.

mel'k mossterrt
sc/iah'pe(r) flayss
sc/iali'pe(r)kohte(r)-

mutton

cutlets

oil

ohlee
f.

[lette(r)ni

omelet onion pepper pork

omelet

ui, aj 11171

m.

peper

f.

o(h)melet oy, ahyoin' paype(r)r

fa(h)r'ke(r)nsflayss-

varkensvleeseh n.

pudding
rice
roll

pudding m.
rijst
f.

pe(r)d'ding
reysst

hroodje n.
sla f .

salad
salt

broht'ye(r) slab

zout n.
saucijs n.

zowt
sohseyss'

sausage soda water soup sugar supper

sodawater n.
soep
f.

soh'dahwahte(r)r soop
soyke(r)r

suiker

f.

syphon
tea
thirst

souper n. siphon m.
f/i^g f.

soopay
seefo(h)n tay dorst tahba(h)k'

rfors*

tobacco

fa6a^

m. m.

under-done
veal vegetables

07igaar
kalfsvleesch n.

o(h)n^ahr
ka(h)lfs'flayss
f.pl.

groenten
a;2iy>i

^roonte(r)n

vinegar

m.

water
well-done

w;a<er n.

ahzeyn' wahte(r)r
grahr

gaar
wijn m.

wine

weyn

80
16.

House and Furniture.

(For Shopping, see p.

(Huis en Huisraad.)
109.)

English.

Dutch.

Pronunciation.

Armchair
ashes basin basket

leuningstoel

m.

asch

f.
f.

lu(r)ningstool a(h)ss

hom

viand
bed n.

ko(h)m ma(h)nt
f.

bed

bedroom
bedstead
bell

slaapkamer
ledihant n.

bet slahp'kahme(r)r laydeeka(h)nt

bel day'ke(r)n

belt
deken m.
rolgordijn

blanket

bUnd
book-case

box
candle -caDdlestick carpet ceiling
cellar

boekenkast f. doos f., kqfer

m.

kaars f. kandelaar
tapijt n.

m.

plafond n.

ro(h)lgo(h)rdeyn boo'ke(r)nka(h)st dohss, koffe(r) kahrss ka(h)nde(r)lahr tahpeyt' plahfon'

kel'de(r)r

chair

chamber-utensil

chimney
clock

m. m. waterpot m. schoorsteen m.
kelder
stoel

stool

wahte(r)rpot
sf/iohrstayn

counterpane cupboard
curtain

klok sprei Aast

f.

f.

cushion dining-room door drawing-room

feather bed
fire-place
floor

gordijn n. kussen n. eetkamer f.

d^ifr f

klok sprey ka(h)st ^ordeyn'

kus'se(r)n

ayt'ka(h)me(r)r
du(r)r

ontvangkamer
veer en bed n.

o(h)ntfa(h)ngkahfayre(r)n bet

stookplaats
vZoer

f.

stohkplahts
floo'r (like boor)

garden
.

grate

hearth

m. tt<m m. rooster m. haard m.

/mis n.
sleutel

toyn
rohsste(r)r

house
key
.kitchen

hahrt hoyss
slu(r)'te(r)l

m.
f.

keuken

ku(r)'ke(r)n

81
English.

Dutch.

Pronunciation.

lamp
landing
library

lamp

f.

la(h)mp

over loop
licht n.

m.
f.

bibliotheek

ohferrlohp beebleeohtayk'
lic7it

light
,

electric

electrisch licht
slot n.

elektreess licAt
slot
spee5re(r)l

lock looking-glass mattress

Spiegel

m.

piano
pillow pillow-case

matras f. piano f.
hoofdjxussen n.

mahtra(h)ss'

peeahnoh
hohft'kusse(r)n kus'se(r)nslohp

kussensloop n.

poker
loof

pook m. dak n.

pohk
da(h)k kahme(r)r ba(h)nk
bet'lahke(r)n kohlensc/io(h)p
bullet'

room
seat

kamer f. bank f.
bedlaken n. kolenschop m.
buffet n.

sheet shovel sideboard

smoke
soot

rook

m.

rohk
root

roet n.
ro^i/c f.

spark
staircase
stairs

fonk
tra(h)p tra(h)ppe(r)n
tahfe(r)l

trap f. trappen f.pl.

ta/gZ
f.

table table-cloth

tafellaken n.
fa?i^
f.

tahfe(r)l-lahken

tongs towel

handdnek m.

ta(h)ng ha(h)n'dook
kof'fe(r)r

trunk
wall

m. muur, wand m.
A-o^e?-

meiir, wa(h)nt
fenste(r)r

window
17.

venster n.

Coo king and Eating Utensils.

w kcngereedscJiapyperLj r-Ce (For Shopping, see p. 109.)

Coals
coffee-pot

/ro^e?i

f.pl.

kofjiekan

koh'le(r)n kotfeeka(h)n

cup
decanter dish firewood

kop m. karaf f.
scliotel

kop
kahra(h)f'
sc7ioh'te(r)l

m.

brandhout n.

bra(h)nt'howt

82
English.

Dutch.

Pronunciation.

fork

vork

f.
f.

forrk

frying-pan gas
glass

hraadpan
gas n.
glas n.
rooftter

brahtpa(h)n
^a(h)ss ^la(h)ss rohsste(r)r kaytel

gridiron
kettle

ketel

m. m.

knife
lid

mes

n.

mess
dekse(r)l

deksel n.

matches oven
plate

m. oven m.
lucifer

saucepan
saucer
serviette

bord n. stoofpan
servet n.

f.

leuseefehr ohfe(r)n bort stohfpa(h)n

sc/ioh'te(r)lt-ye(r)
serrfet'

schoteltje n.

soup ladle spoon

stove table-cloth tea-pot tray
18.
Aisle
altar

soeplepel
^tpZ

m.

soop'laype(r)l
laype(r)l
ka(h)c/ie(r)l

m.
f.

kachel

tafellaken n.
theepotj trekpot

m.

blaadje n.

tahfe(r)l-lahke(r)n taypot, trekpot blahd-ye(r)

Religion.
zijbeuk

(Godsdienst.)
9, p. 81.)

(See Vocabulary

m.

seybu(rjJi

altaar n.

a(h)l'tahr

baptism
belfry

doop m.
klokkentoren m. Bijbelgenootschap
n.

dohp
klok'kentohre(r)n
bey'be(r)]/7enoht-

Bible Society

cemetery chancel chapel

choir choir-master

begraafplaats koor n. kapel f.

f.

scAa(h)p be(r)^rahf-plaht3

kohr
kahpell'

koor n.
koormeester
/i:e?'A:

kohr

m.
f.

church
clergy

f.

kohr-maysste(r)r kerk
^ayss'te(r)le(r)kheyt
5fayss'te(r)le(r)ke(r)

geestelijkheid
geestelijke

clergyman

m.
f.
f.

Communion
confirmation donation

avondmaal n.
bevestiging

ah'font-mahl
be(r)feste(r)^ing

schenking

scAenking

88
English.

Dutch.

Pronunciation.

font

doopvont

f.

dohpfont
^ra(h)f ^e(r)za(h)ng (/e(r)za(h)ng-book kohr'lesse(r)nahr leetahnee' heuwe(r)le(r)k

grave

hymn

graf n. gezang n.
fjezanghoek n.

-book

lectern litany

koorlessenaar
litanie
f.

m.

marriage

huwelijk n.

mass
matins nave
offertory

mis f. vroegmis
naaf, schip
collecte f.
f.

miss
froo^-miss nahf, scAip
kollekte(r)
or'^e(r)l

organ
organist

org el n. organist

m.

or'^ahnisst'

pew
prayer -book preacher

hank

f.

ba(h)nk
^e(r)bet

gehed n. gebedenboek n.

^e(r)bayde(r)n-book

predikant
priester

m.
m. m.

praydika(h)nt
preeste(r)r
prote(r)sta(h)nt'

priest

m.

Protestant pulpit Roman Catholic

Protestant
preekstoel

prayk'stool

Roomsch-katholiek

sacrament
sacred salvation Salvation

sakrament n.
AeiZi^

rohmss-kahtoleek' sahkra(h)ment'
heyle(r)c/i

zaligheid

f.

Army

service
,

morning
evening

tombstone
verger vespers

ke(r)rk'deenst \ ^otsdeenst' ,. j ^ godsdienstge(r)n oofe(r)oefeninq f J ah'font) ning ^ra(h)f'stayn grafsteen m. koster m. ko(h)ste(r)r
morcjen]

Heilsleger n. kerkdienst f.

zah'le(r)5rheyt heylss'lay^e(r)r

mor'

'

vesper

f.

fesspe(r)r

Legal and Judicial Terms. 19. (Wettelijke en Rechterlijke Termen.)

Acquittal

agreement
allegation
allege, to

apology
Dutch Self-Taught

vrijspraak i. overeenkomst f. verklaring f. beweren verontschuldiging

freysprahk oh'feraynko(h)mst
fe(r)rklahring be(r)wayre(r)n
f.

fe(r)ront'scAulde(r)-

34
English.

Dutch

Prouuuciation.

arrest to
attest, to

in hechtenis nemen
verklaren verklaring

in

hec/tte(r)niss

nayme(r)n
attestation
f.

ferklahrre(r)n ferklahring

attorney

power of

advocaat m. volmacht, procuratie

a(h)tfohkahnt'
forma(h)c7it, proh-

authorise, to

maclitigeii

keurah'tee ma(h)cAti^e(r)n
be(r)slissing

award
bail
bailiff

beslissing horgtoclit

f.

m.

horg'tocht

bond

(for loan)

burglary case for the prosecution for the de-

deurwaarder m. onderpand n. inhraak f. aanklacht f.

verdediging
f.

du(r)rwahrde(r)r o(h)nderrpa(h)nt

inbrahk
ahn'kla(h)c^t
fe(r)rday'de(r)^ing
ahn'kla(h)c/it

fence charge (accusation) aanklacht f. beschuldigen to

,

claimant
client

eischer
client

m. m.
f.

be(r)scAulde(r)[ge{T)u. eysser
klee-ant' ahn'klahr/er
rec//.tba(h)nk
f erkohp'

complaint
conviction court of justice

aanklager m.
schuldigverklaring rechtbank f.

[ring

sc/iul'de(r)^ferklah-

deed (of sale) of assignment

verkoopcontract n. akte van a/stand f.

verdediging
f.

kon tra(h) kt
fa(h)n

a(h)kte(r)

a(h)f'sta(h)nt

defence defend (in court) defendant (in a suit) deposition (on oath) effects (goods) equity
estate real

fe(r)rdayde(r)^ing
fe(r)rdayde(r)</e(r)n

verdedigen verweerder verklaring

billijheid f

m.
f.

goederen n.pl.
hoedel

fe(r)rwayrde(r) fe(r)rklabring 70o'dere(r)n

bil'le(r)kheyt

and

personal evidence
excise
fee (of office)

boode(r)l roerend en onroer- roore(r)nt en on'roore(r)nt goo't end goed n. f., bewijs (7e(r)toyr/eniss, begetuigenis
tveyss

m.

accijns

m.

salaris n.

a(h)kseynss' sa(h)lahriss

86
English.

Dutch.

Proatmciatlos.

fine

forgery
illpgal

(payment in hoete f. [money) vervalsching

omvettig

boote(r)
f,

fe(r)rfa(h)lsing

onwette(r)c/i
f.

information injunction
injustice

aanhrenging
bevel

ahnbrengihg
va(h)nscAo(h)rrssing onrecAt inventahriss
be(r)fell

van schorsing

n. onrecht n.
inventaris
f.
f.

inventory
jail

gevangenis

^e(r)fa(h)ng'e(r)-

judge rechter m. judgment, to give uitspraak doen justice of the peace vrederechter m.

recAter

[nisa

oytsprahk doon
frayde(r)rec/ite(r)r

law, civil
,

burgerlijk wetboek n. bur^erle(r)k

strafwet f

criminal
-suit

stra(h)fwet

wet[boo'k

rechtsgeding n.
rechtsgeleerde
leener

rec7it's^e(r)ding

lawyer
lender non-suit, to oath to take an parties (in a suit) penal perjury
,

m.

m.

TQchtsge (r)layrde (r) layne(r)r

afwijzen
eed

m.

een eed doen partijen

lijfstrafelijk

a(h)fweyze(r)n ayt ayn ayt doon pa(h)rtey'en

leyfstra(h)ffe(r)-

meineed m.
requestrant
politie
f.

meynayt
m.

[le(r)k

petitioner police

raykwestra(h)nt

office

politie-bureau

pohleetsee

proceedings (legal) proces n. proof bewijs n. prosecution ( in vervolging

court)

-beuroh prohsees
be(r)weyss
[fohr-

f.

(yoorde fe(r)rf oiling

rechtbank)
eischer

de(r) refiAtba(h)nk]

prosecutor

m.

eysser
stra(h)f

punishment
release

straf f. ovtslag n.
diefstal
zegel n.

robbery

m,

ontsla(h)cA deefsta(h)l
zay^rel

seal
,

to

verzegelen

sentence statement
sue, to

vonnis n.
staat

fer(r)zay^e(r)le(r)D fonniss

m.

staht
fe(r)rfo\9'en

vervolgen

suit

procesy rechtsgeding proiisess,

rechts'-

|>e(r)ding

D2

86
English.

Dutch.

Pronunciation.

summons

(of court)

tenant (of house) testament (will)

testator

dagvaardmg huurder m.
uiterste
wil,

f.

da(h)^'fahrding heurde(r)r
will,

testa- oytersste(r)

ment m.
erfiater

tesstahment
e(r)rflahte(r)r

theft
thief
trial

diefstal

m. m.

die/

m.

deefsta(b)l deef

by jury

gerechtelijk

onder- ^e(r)rec/ite(r)le(r)k

zoek door de jury

onderzook dolir de(r) yeury

onwette(r)c/i gelde{v)ch ge{Y)tojge{r)

unlawful
valid

onwettig
geldig

witness
20.

getuige

m. &f.

Professions

&

Trades.

{Beroepen en Amhacliten.)
109.)

(For Shopping, see p.

Actor
architect
artisa,n

tooneelspeler

m.

architect

m.

handwei'ksman m.
kunstenaar m. bakker hankier m.
harhier

tohnaylspayle(r)r a(h)rsheetekt ha(h)ntwe(r)rks-

ma(h)n
artist

kunstenahr
ba(h)k'ke(r)r

baker

banker
barber bookseller

ba(h)nkeer
ba(h)r'beer

m.

boekverkooper

m.

boo'kfe(r)rkohbrouwe(r)r
slah^e(r)r
[pe(r)r

brewer butcher
carpenter chemist

brouwer m.
slager

m.

clergyman
clerk

coachman
commercial
confectioner

[ler

timmerman m. apotheker m. geestelijke m. klerk m. koetsier m.

tim'me(r)rma(h)n ahpohtayke(r)r
5raysste(r)le(r)ke(r)

travel- handelsreiziger

m.

suikerbakker

m.

klerrk kootseer [ze(r)5'e(r)r ha(h)nde(r)lssrey8oyke(r)rba(h)k-

cook cycle-maker

dairyman
dentist

koh m. njwielmaker m. melkboer m.

tandmeester m. ingenieur m. pachter m.

kok

fke(r)r

reyweelmahke(r)r melkboor
ta(h)ntmayste(r)r inshe(r)nee-u(r)r
pa(h)c/ite(r)r

engineer farmer

87
English.

Dutch.

Pronunciation.

farrier

hoefsmid
visscher

fisherman
florist

m. m.

hoofsmit
fisse(r)r

bloemist

m.

glazier

glazenmaker m.

bloomist' [ke(r)r 5rlahze(r)nmah^oofe(r)rna(h)n'te(r

governess
hatter jeweller laundress

gouvemante f. hoedenmaker m.
juwelier

hoode(r)nmahke(r)r
yeuwe(r)leer'

m.
f.

waschvrouw

wa(h)ss'frow

merchant
miller milliner

koopman m. molenaar m.
modemaakster
mijnwerker m. kindermeid f.
gezichtkundige
f.

kohpma(h)n
mohle(r)nahr

mohde(r)mahkste(r)r

miner nursemaid
optician

meyn we (r) rke (r) r

kinnde(r)rmeyt

m.

^ezicAtkun'de(r)-

photographer
physician

photograaf m.
arts J dokter

fohtoh^rahf
pohleetee-

[^e(r)

policeman
printer

politieagent

m. m.

ahrtss, dokte(r)r
ah//e(r)nt

saddler

drukker m. zadelmaker m.
schoolmeester
dienstbode
f.

schoolmaster
servant

m.

druk'ke(r)r zahde(r)l-mahke(r)r scAohl'mayste(r)r deenstbohde(r),

knecht

m.

knecAt
sc/ioon'mahke(r)r

shoemaker
smith
soldier

schoenmaker m. smid m.
soldaat

m.

surveyor
tailor

leacher

landmeter m. kleermaker m. leeraar, onderwijer

smit soldaht la(h)ntmayte(r)r klayr'mahke(r)r

layrahr,

onde(r)r-

m.
watchmaker
21.

horlogemaker n.

weyze(r)r [ke(r)r horloh^e(r) - mahen Verscheping.J

Ships and Shipping.

\

(^5c/t^;^en

(For Steamboat, see page 98 .)

Anchor
boat

anker n.
6oot
feo^^
f.

a(h)nke(r)r

bow
cabin cable

m.
f.,

/rajmt
Aa6eZ

/iwt

f.

boht hooch kahyoyt, hut

kahbe(r)l

m.

88
English.

Dutch.

Pronnnclntlon.

captain

kapitein
koers

m
f.

compass
course

kompas n.

kahpeeteyn kompa(h)s3
koorss

m.

crew deck
flag

hemanniny
dek n.
vlag
(port)
f.
i.

be(r)ma(h)nning dek
fla(h)c;t

harbour

haven
kiel
i.

helm
keel

roer n.

hahfe(r)n roor
f.

landing-stage light-house

landingplaats vuurtoren m.

keel la(h)nding-plahts feur'tohre(r)n

mast man-of-war merchantman

oar
pilot

mast m.
oorlogsschip n.

ma(h)sst
ohr'lo^sc/iip

koopvaardijsc/dp n. roeiriem m.
loods

m.

kohp'fahrdeysc/dp roo'i-reem lohts

rope
sail

seaman
ship

(sailor)

touw n. zdl n. matroos m.

scAijo

tow
zeyl

(like

now)

ma(h)trohss
sc^ip

n.

steersman
stern

stuurman m.
achtersteveii n.

steurma(h)n
a(h)c/ite(r)rstay-

tug

sleepboot

f.
f.

wharf
22.

w^,

/caai

slayp'boht [fe(r)n werrf, kah'i

(JReizm.)
09. 100.)

Travelling.
aankortut f. rekening f.
koetsier

(For ConverBations see pages 07.

Arrival
bill

ahn'komsst
rayke(r)ning
kootseer'
reytoyc/i

cabman
carriage

m.

rijtuig n.
koets
f.

coach

koots

coachman
departure engine
fare

(driver)

koetsier

m.
f.

kootseer'
fe(r)rtrek

vertrek n.

locomotief vracht f.
gids

lohkohmohteef
fra(h)c^t

guard
guide guide-book hat-box

conducteur m.

konduktu(r)r'
^idss
reyss'<7idss

m.
f.

reisgids n.

hoedendnos

hoode(r)ndohss

89
English.

Dutch.

Pronunciation.

hotel interpreter

hotel n.
toLk

hoh'tel
tol'k
f.

m. m.

landlady landlord luggage

office

kasteleines
(of hotel)

kastelein

ka(h)ste(r)leyness ka(h)steleyn

omnibus payment
porter

bagage f. kantoor n. omnibus m.

betaling f

bah^ah^e(r) ka(h)ntohr'

om'neebuss be(r) tabling

porteer'

portier

m.

railway railway carriage

railway-station reins

spoorweg m.

waggon m.
spoorweg station n. teugels m.pl. weg m. zadel m.
xtationschef

spohr'wecA wah'go(h)n

[see-on'

spohr'wec7i-stahtu(r)'^e(r)lss

road
saddle station-master

wecA
zah'de(r)l

m.

stahseeon'shef

steamer
ticket

stoomboot f. biljet, kaartje n.

eerste klasse biljet

stohm'boht
bilyet', kahrtye(r)

first-class

ayrste(r)
se(r)

kla(h)s-

bilyet'

-office
,

loket n.

lohkett
re (r)toor' bilyet

return

retourbiljet

train

train

m.
f.

travelling rug

reisdeken
A;o^<jr

treyn reyssdayke(r)n
kof'fe(r)r

trunk voyage waiting-room

23.

m.
f.

rm

f.

reyss

wachtkamer

wa (h) cMkahme (r )r
{Landen en Volken.)
a(h)f'reekah

Countries and Nations.

Afrika n.

Africa

America American
Asia
Australia Austria

Amerika n. Amerikaan m.
Azie n.
Australie n. Oostenrijk n.

ahmay'reekah ahmayreekahn'
ah'zee-e(r)

ohstrahlee-e(r)

Belgian

Belg m.
Belgie n.

oh'ste(r)nreyk helch
he\'gee-e{v)

Belgium Canada
Cape, the

Canada de Kaap
China n.

f.

kahnahdah de(r) kahp

sheenah

China

40
English.

Dutch.
Ia7id n.

Pronunciation.

country-

la(h)nt

Cuba Dane

Denmark Dutchman
empire

Cuba n. Dee7i m. Denemarken n. Hollander m. Hjk n.

keu'bah

dayn dayne(r)ma (h)rken

hoi'la(h)n-de(r)r

reyk
eng'e(r)la(h)nt

England Englishman Europe

France

Eng eland

n.

Engelschman m.
Euj'opa n. Frankrijk n. Fransclirnan m.
DuitscJier n.

Frenchman German Germany

Holland Hungarian

eng'e(r)lssma(h)n u(r)rohpah frahnk'reyk fra(h)nssma(li)n

doytsse(r)r doytssla(h)nt hol'la(h)nt

Duitschland

n.

Holland

n.

Hongaar m.
Hongarije n.
Indie n.
Oost-Indi'e

hongahr'
hongahrey'e(r)
indee-e(r)

Hungary
India
Indies, East

ohst indee-e(r)

West

Ireland

West-Indie lerland n.
ler

west indee-e(r)
eer'la(h)nt

Irishman
Italian
Italy

m.
n. n.
n.

eer

Italiaan m.
Itali'e

eetahleeahn
eetahlee-e(r)

Japan kingdom New Zealand

Japan

koninkrijk n.

yahpa(h)n kohninkreyk
neew-zayla(h)nt

Nieuw Zeeland
Noorwegen n.
iVoor m. BiLsland n.
i??<.s

Norway
Norwegian
Russia Russian

nohrway^e(r)n

nohr
russ'la(li)nt

w.

Scotchman
Scotland Spain Spaniard

5c/io(

m.

russ schoi
sc7iot'la(h)nt

Schotland n. Spanje m. Spanjaard m.

spa(h)nye(r) spa(h)n'yahrt

Swede Sweden
Swiss Switzerland

Zweed m. Zweden n. Zivitser m.

Zwitserland n.
Twr/c m. Turkije n.

zwayt
zwayde(r)n
zwit'se(r)r

zwit'se(r)rla(h)nt

Turk Turkey

turk turkaye(r)

41
24.

Commercial and Trading Terms.

(

Ha72dels- en Koopmanstermen.
(For Conversations see page
117.)

English.

Dutch.

Pronunciation.

Account,

to settle een rekening vereffe-

ayn

rayke(r)ning
a(h)fsloyte(r)n

an
,

nen
rekening afsluiten -courant gemeenschappelijke

to close

current
joint

of sale

verkooprekening
ontvangstbericht n. voorschot n.
adviesbrief

acknowledgment advance (of money)

advice, letter of

m.

agency agent
apprentice

agentschap n. agent m.
leer ling

m.
f.

arrangement
arrear, in assets

schikking
actief n.

ten achteren

authorize, to average (to ships)

machtigen
averij
f.

balance of account
-sheet

saldo n. saldo rekening

balans

f.

-koora(h)nt ^e(r)maynsc/Aa(h)ppe(r)le(r)ke(r) [ning ferkohprayke(r)ontfa(h)ngstberfohrscAot [ricAt a(h)dveessbreef a(h)^entsc/ia(h)p a(h)^ent layrling scAikking ten a(h)cAtere(r)n a(h)kteef ma(h)cAte(r)^en ahfe(r)rey sa(h)ldoh [ning sa(h)ldoh rayke(r). bahla(h)nss

fe(r)reffe(r)ne(r)n

banking

hankwezen n.

ba(h)nkwayze(r)n
tohnde(r)r formahwisse(r)l

bearer [tion toonder m. formawissel bill, accommodaivissel op zicht at sight

at three months'
drie zicht

maanden na

dree mahnde(r)n
nah
zicht

wis'se(r)l

op

zicAt

date of lading

bond, in

vrachthrief in entrepot

fra(h)cAtbreef in a(h)ntre(r)poh

bonded goods

opgeslagen goederen

op-^e(r)slah^e(r)n ^oo'dere(r)n

kleinhandel kooper m. buyer carriage- (post-) paid vrachtvrij

,

boekhouder m. book-keeper makelarij f. brokerage business, wholesale groothandel m.

retail

boo'khowde(r)r mahke(r)lahrey
(5(roht'ha(h)nde(r)l

m.

kleyn'ha(h)nde(r)l kohpe(r)r
fua(h)cAtfrey

42
English.

Dutch.

Pronunciation.

cartage catalogue charter a ship, to claim, to send in a

,

vracht catalogus

fra(h)c7it

m.

kahtahloh'^russ

een schip huren

een eisch instellen

ayn ayn

sc/iip

heure(r)a
instel[fe(r)n'

eyss

le(r)n

to

make good

a zijn recht staven

rescontrehuis n. klerk

zeyn recAt stahre(r)skontre(r)kle(r)rk [hoyss mahtsc/ia( h)ppey

clearing-house
clerk

m.
f.

company, limited
,

joint-stock

maatschappij maatschappij aandeelen

klacht
f.

op

complaint
contract
cost,

contract n.
ver(c.i.f.)

mahtsc7ia(h)ppey op ahndayle(r)n kla^)cAt kontra(h)kt

koste(r)n,
fe(r)ren*

insurance and kosten m.pl.,

zekeHnfi vracht f.
crediteur
f.,

freight

en

zaykering,
fra(h)cAt
f.

credit balance

credit-saldo n.

creditor

m.

kraydit'-sa(h)ldoh kray'deetu(r)r

custom-house

officer

douanen-kantoor n. dooahne(r)nka(h)ntohr doiianier m., kom- dooahniay, kommies

m.

meess
rec7ite(r)n

customs, duties

rechten n.pl,

damages
to claim at

vergoeding f. schade vergoeding vorderen

fe(r)r^oo'ding

scAahde (r) f er^oo' ding fordere(r)n

dree mahnde(r)n

dated

three

drie

maanden na

months' debit and credit

debtor
deliver, to

dato
debiteur
leveren
of)

nah
m.
f.

dah'toli

debet n., en credit n. daybe(r)t

en kray[dit-

daybeetu(r)r
layfere(r)n

delivered free

demurrage (days
director

franco levering Kg dag en m.pl. commissaHa m.

korting f disconteeren
f.

fra(h)nkohlayfe(r)li^dah/7e(r)n
[ring:

commissahrriss
korting disko(h)ntayre(r)n

discount
,

to

dividend warrant

coupon dock and harbour dokgeld double entry [dues dubbel

koopo(h)n
dok'(7elt

n.

boekhou-

dubbe(r)l boo'k-

den n.

howde(r)n

43
English.

Dutch.

Pronuuciation.

drawer

trekker
tolvrij

m.

trek'ke(r)r
oyt'foorrec/tt

duty, export
-free
,

uitvoerrecht

tolfrey

import
liable to

invoerrecht
onderhevif/

aan

tol

in'foorrec/it[ahn tol onde(r)rhayfe(i)c'^

in/7e(r)slohte(r)n
beylah<5re(r)

enclosed enclosure endorse, to

ingesloten
bijlage
f.

endosseeren

endorsement exchange (the)

firm

endossement n.
beurs
f.

endossayre(r)n a(h)ndo3se(r)ment
bu(r)rss

/irma

f.
f.

firmah

forwarding agent free on board (f.o.b.) gross weight [tor guarantee, guaranI.O.U. import and export information

verzending
exjpediteur
vrij

m.

aan boord

bi'uto-gemcht n. borg m. ik ben u schuldig invoer en uitvoer

fe(r)rzending expaydeetu(r)r frey aim bohrt breutoh-^e(r) wir/< t

bohrc/i
ik
[de(r)c/i

inquire, to

company policy premium

to introduce

inquiry insurance, marine broker

inform atie vragen vraag f.

f.

ben eii scAulinfoor en oyt'foor informahsee

frah^e(r)n frahcA

zeeverzekering

zayferzaykering assuran He-makela ar a(h)sseura(h)ntee-

m.
verzekeHvg-maa t-

schappij
-polis

f.

pohliss

mahke(r)lahr ferzaykering-mahtscAa(h)ppey

[mee

verzeke ring -prem ie

insure against, to
interest, rate of

verzekeren tegen

ferzaykering - pvayferzaykere(r)n tay^e(r)n

de(r) ren'te(r)foo-ii

de rentevoet

m.

introduction landing charges

liabilities

lighterage
load, to
loss

invoeren introductie f. onkosten van sen verplichtingen lichtergeld n. laden

verlies n.

miooTQ\t)ii
los-

introhduksee onkoste(r)n fa(h)n

losse(r)n
fe(r)rplic/iting-e(r)n
lic/iter^elt

f.pl.

lahde(r)n
fe(r)rleess

manager

directeur

m.

deerektu(r)r

44
English.
'

Dutch.

Pronunciation.

day dues foreign home London meat

,

market

markt

f.

cattle

veemarkt

markt dag m.

de

ma(h)rkt fayma(h)rkt ma(h)rkt-dahcA

-gelden

-^elde(r)n

buitenlandsche

boytenla(h)ndsse(r)
ina(h)rkt [fe(r)rbroyk

markt

[bridk n.

Vinnenlandsch ver- binne(t)nla(h)nts

Londensche
viarkt

de(r)

londe(r)n-

se(r)

ma(h)rkt

vleeschhal

flayss-ha(h)l

viarktprijs f. price negotiable, saleable fjanghaar te koop hied^n offer (for sale), to aanhiedingen n.pl. offers

ma(h)rkt-preyss

^a(h)ngbahr

kohp beede(r)n ahnbeeding-e(r)n

te(r)

order, to

hestellen

be(r)stellen

[she(r)

packing
partnership payable at sight port of delivery

emhallage f. vennootschaap f. betaalhaar op zicht

losplaats
prijslijst
f.

a(h)mba(h)llahfennohtsc/tahp be(r)tahlbahr op
lossplahts
[zicht

price, cost-list
,

inkoopsprijs
f.

m.

inkohps'preyss
preyssleysst fe(r)rkohpspreyss
a(li)n groh preyss preyssnoh'tayring oyterste(r) preyss ontfa(h)ngst fe(r)rmin'dering

selling

verkoopspHjs

wholesale en gro8 prijs quotation (of price) pHjsnoteering lowest uiterste prijs
,
,

f.

receipt

reduction
register, to

ontvangst f. veimindering
registreeren

f.

rer(^)istrayre(r)n

registered letter

aangeteekende brief ahn^e(r)taykenm. de(r) breef

tonnage

rent representative

tonneninhoud huurj pacht f.

representant m. verkooper m.
rescon tre-dageti

tonne(r)ninhowt
heur, pa(h)c7it repraysenta(h)nt fe(r)rkohpe(r)r [^en re(r)skontre(r)-dahohbleegahtsee-e(r)n ^e(r)wohne(r) ahn-

salesman (seller) settling days shares, debenture ordinary ,

obligatien

gewone aandeelen
preferente

daylen
,

preference

aandee-

prayfayrrente(r)

Im

ahndaylen

45
English.

Dutch.

Pronunciation.

shares, railway
ship, to

spoorweg - acti'en
verschepen scheepsmakelaar m. inschepingskosten zeehandel

spohrwecA-a(h)kteefersr-Zmypefr) [e^r)n

ship-broker shipping charges

house

solvent

in staat oni
talen

te

he-

scAayps'mahkelahr inscAaypingskosten zay'ha(h)nde(r)l in staht om te(r)

be(r) table (r)n

speculator stock stock-broker

stowage

spaykeula(h)nt [ten m. fond'sen [fekte(r)n fondsen makelaar in effec- mahke(r)lahr in efstuwage, bergplaats steuwah^e(r) berp'f. plahts
,

speculant

m.

telegraphic address telegram- adres

te(r)le(r)^ra(h)m'aiadress

towing charges
underwriter unloading

sleeploon n.

assuradeur ontladen

m.

wharf wharfage
wholesale price

werf

slayplohn a(h)sseurahdu(r)r ontlahden werf

kah'i^elt

kaaigeld n. en gros prijs

afsluiten

a(h)n groh preyss

a(h)fsloyte(r)n
( Wielrijden.)

winding-up
25.

Cycling.
as f. kogeldragers
bel
f.
.

(For Conversations see page 113J

Axle
ball bearings
bell

m .pl.

a(h)s koh^eldrah<7e(r)rs
bell

bicycle

rijwielf
ler

tweewie-

m.

tway'rey'weel, weele(r)r
feets

"bike'' brake

Jiets

rem

f.

rem
m.
se(r)ment ketting ahkataine
ketting-ra(h)t

cement
chain
chainless

cement n.
ketting

chain-wheel cone connection crank

cyclist
cyclist, lady

acatene kettingrad n. conus m. koppeling f.

kohnuss
koppe(r)ling

kruk

f.

kruk

wielrijder

m.
f.

wielrijderes

weel'reyde(r)r weelreyderess^

46
English.
,

Dutch.

Pronnn elation.

cycling race cycling track

cyclometer dismount, to
electro-plate, to
1

wielerwedstHjd wielerbaan f. cyclometer m.

afstijgen

m.

weele (r) r we t s trey t weelerrbahn seeklohmayte(r)r

'

a(h)f'stey5'en

enamel
foot-step fork

[(nickel'
\

vemikkelen email m. trapper m. vork f.

fe(r)rnikkelle(r)n

aymah'il
tra(h)ppe(r)r fork

frame
friction

raam

n.
f. f.

rahm
w-reyfing
^eer, fe(r)rsn6lling

wrijving

gear, gearing gear, high

gieVj versnelling
Iiooge versnelling

gear, low gear-case

ihge

\Qhge{v)

hoh^re (r) fe (r)rsnell[ing

kettingkast

kettingka(li)st
fe(r)rsnelt tot...
ha(h)nt'fa(h)tse(r)ls

geared to ... handles (grips) handle bar

versneld tot...
hajidvatsels n.pl.

hub
indiarubber

stnur n. wielnaaf

steur
f.

weelnahf
kah-oot' shook, rubbe(r)r sohluhtsee

gom-elastiek, caout- /7om-ayla(h)steek,

c/umCf rubber

solution

solutie

knapsack

knapzak m.
lamp, latitat

lamp
lamp bracket lamp wick

f.

haak voor de lamp lampepit f.

schakel

k-na(h)pza(h)k la(h)mp, la(h)ntahm' [la(h)mp hahk fohr de(r)

la(li)m'pe(r)-pit

protector leather (chamois) luggage-carrier

link lubricator

m.

sc/mhke(r)l

smeerpot

deksel

leer n. (zeem-)

bof/age-drager

map
mount,
nut
oil for
oil for

landkaart
to
stijgen

f.

deksel layrr (zaym-) bah<;rah^e(r) -drahla(h)nt-kahrt [^er

smayrpo(h)t

stey^en
slikbort

mudguard
burning
lubricating
1

slikbord n.

moer

f.

moor
f.

brandolie
olieka/n
f.
f.

87?teerolie f.

oil

can

bra(h)nt'ohlee smayr'ohlee oh'leeka(h)n

pe(r)dahl'

pedal

pedaal

47
English.
1

Dutch.

Prononciation.

pedal rubber

j)edaal- caoutchouc

pe(r)dahl'-kah-oot'-

pump pump

pomp
tube
old

i.
f.

pomp

[shook

pompslang

pump, to rags, some

pompen
eenige oude lompen,

pomp-sla(h)ng pompe(r)n
ayne(r)^e(r)

ow-

lappen

de(r) lompe(r)n

removable
repairing outfit

verplaatsbaar reparatiedoos
velg f

la(h)ppen fe(r)plahtssbahr
f.

rim
saddle saddle bag saddle pillar

raypahrahtseefellcA [dohss
zahde(r)l zahde(r)l-ta(h)ss' zahde(r)l-penn sc^roof ket'ting-bowtye(r)

zadel m. zadeltasch
zadeliJen

f.

screw

schroef

screw-bolt of chain kettingboutje

screwdriver
screw, to

schroevendraaier

m. scAroof'e(r)ndrah'ie(r)r

spanner
spokes spring
start off, to
steer, to

aanschroeven spakenspanner m. spaken f.pl.

veer f

ahn'sc/iroofe(r)n

spahkenspa(h)n-

spahken
fayr

[ne(r)r

vertrekken sturen
(lederen)

fe(r)rtrekke(r)n
steiiren

strap (leather) take to pieces, to

Hem m.
nemen

uit elkander

(layderen) reem oyt elka(h)nder

tighten up, to
toe clip
tricycle

spannen
teenhaak driemeler

nayme(r)n spa(h)nnen

taynhahk

m.
f.

trousers' clip

hroekveer f

tube, inner tube (outer cover) tyre (pneumatic)

binnenband buitenband

dree'weeler broo'k-fayr bin'nen-ba(h)nt boy'te(r)nba(h)nt

band (pneumatiscJie) band

losschroeven
ventiel n.

[pneumah-

tisse(r)]

unscrew, to
valve wallet
Nvheel (front)

los'sc/iroofe(r)n

fenteel

zak

m.

(back)

voorwiel n. achterwiel

za(h)k fohrweel
a(h)c/iterweel

26.

Motoring Terms.
(See also Cyclino. pp. 45

(Automobiel henamingen.)
A
IIS,

and Motoring,

p. 115.)

English.

Dutch.

Pronunciation.

Accumulator
battery

accumulator m.
hatterij
(steel)
f.
f.

a(h)kkeiimeulah'ba(h)tterey'
[tor

brake collar

renihand (stalen)

cam
carburator chain adjustment

kam

f.

remba(h)nt ka(h)m

(stah[le(r)n

carburator

m.
de

spannen

van
f.

kettingen

claw
contact breaker (trembler) driver driving pinion

tang, vork
ler

contactbreker,

tril-

ka(h)rbeurah'tor spa(h)nnen fa(h)n de(r) kettinge(r)n ta(h)ng, fork konta(h)ktbrayke(r)r, tririe(r)r

m.

chauffeur m. drijfkamwiel
elboog

elbow
electrical
electricity

m.
f.

shohfurr dreyfka(h)mweel elbohcA

aylektreess aylektreeseeteyt'

elektrisch
elektriciteit

exhaust

box

knalpot

m.
f.

kna(h)lpo(h)t
oyt'lahtklep fleegweel ha(h)ntfa(h)t[fohrhet in be(r)way^ing breng'e(r)n]

(silencer)

exhaust-valve
fly-wheel

uitlaatklep
vliegwiel

m.
(voor-

handle (starting)

handvat n.
het

in beweging
f.

brengen)

horse-power
ignition lever (handle) lever

paardekracht
ontsteking
f.

pahr d e (r ) kra (h) cAt

ontstayking hefbohm, ha(h)nt-

motor
petrol (some)

rack
reservoir

he/boom (handvat) he/boom m. [m. motor m. petroleum f. {wat) pal n.

resei-voir n.

hefbohm

[fa(h)t

mohto(h)r p a ytr olay

pa(h)l

um

[wa(h)t]

rayserfwahr

reversing gear

achterwaartsche ver- a(h)c7iterwahrts-e(r) snelUng f. fe(r)rsnelling speed, high voile vdart f. foUe(r) fahrt low geringe vaart , 5rering-e(r) fahrt changing gear gangwissel m. ,^a(h)ngwissell starting gear kleinste versnelling 'kleynste(r) fersnelsteering bar stuurstang f. steurssta(h)ng [ling tap tap m. ta(h)p

49
27.
English.

Photography.
Dutch.

( Photografie.
110.)

(For Conversations, 8a p.

Pronunciation.

Backgrounds

achtergronden m.

cloth

a(h)c/ite(r)r^ronden

stof

stof

[peer

backing paper

photografie-papier

fohtoh^rahfee'pah [dub-

camera f. camera [n. kahmerah dark slide (double) chassis (dubbel) m. sha(h)ssee
be(r)l]

dishes for develop- schalen (m.pl.)

om

sc/iahle(r)n

om te(r)

ing
for fixing

te ontu'ikkelen

draining rack dry plates exposure film

flash

fixeerschalen droogrek n.

ontwikke(r)le(r)n feexayrscAahle(r)n

droh^rek
droh^e(r) plahte(r)D
be(r)lic^ting

droge platen
helichting
f.

film n.

film
licht

[licAt

lamp

magnesium
instelloep

ma(h)5fnayseeum
bra(h)nt-punt
instel-loop

focus focussing glasses funnels glass measure half- plate

iris

hrandpunt n.
trechters m.pl.

trecMe(r)rss

glasmaat
iris

f.

halve plaat

f.

gla(h)ssmaht ha(h)Ife(r) plaht

eeriss deeahfra(h)^-

diaphragms

diaphragmas

mahs
lamp, dark-room
lens

lamp voor de donkere la(h)mp fohr de(r) kamer don'kere(r) kahlens f

mount
plate-holder
plate-lifter

passe par tout plaatvasthouder

plaatheffer

lenss [me(r)r pa(h)ss pa(h)rtoo plahtfa(li)sthowder

plaht -heffe(r)r

platinotypes printing

platinadruk drukken n.
f.

plah'teenahdruk

frame kopie'erraam scales and weights weegschalen

gewichten
sluiter

en

drukken kohpee-ayr'rahm way^'scAahlen en ^e(r)wicMen

shutter
,

voor tijd en time and infohrteyt en mohmomentopname ment'opnahme(r) stantaneous squeegees with persrollen van mas- pers'rollen fa(h)n solid rubber roller ma(h)sseef kahsief caoutchouc
[oot'.s7wok

f.

sloyte(r)r

Dutch Self-Taught.

50
English.

Dutch.

Pronan elation.

speed indicator

snelheidswijzer
drievoet (toeslaand)

snel'heydssweyzer
dree'foo-t
(too-

tripod (two-fold) view-finder

,
,

square oblong

zoeker m. ., vierkante

langwerpige

sooke(r)r [sla(h)nt feer'ka(h)nte(r) la(h)ngwer', ,

pe(r)cAe(r)

washing tanks
28.

spoeWdkken m.pl.

spoolba(h)kke(r)n

Fishing an d Shooting.
Hjl f. aas n.

(Visschen en Schieten.)

Axe

beyl

bait kogel m. bullet cartridge extractor patroontang f. patronen, kardoes cartridges

file

f.

ahss koh^el pahtrohn - ta (h) ng pahtrohnen, kahrfeyl

vijl

f.

[dooss'

fish-hook fishing-basket gear

hoekangel

m.
f.

vischmand

hoo'k-a(h)ng-e(r)l fiss'ma(h)nt
fiss'toycA

vischtuig n.
visch-snoer n.

-line

and wheel

fiss'snoor
fiss'net

-net

vischnet n.

rod
spear tackle

hengelroede hai-poen m.

f.

hen'^e(r)lroode(r)

ha(h)rpoon
kip'tahkel dobbe(r)r

float
fly

m. dobber m.
kiptakel

kunstvlieg

om

te

kunstfleecAom
weyta(h)ss drilbohr
,9e(r)wayr

te(r)

game-bag
gimlet

hengelen ueitasch f.
drilhoor
f.

heng-e(r)le(r)n

gun gunpowder
gunshot
gut

geweer n. buskruit n.
geweerschot n. dajin m.

buskroyt ^e (r) wayrsc/io (li) t

line

darmsnoer

n.

hammer
knife licence

hamer m.
mes n.
jachtakte
lucifer
spijker,
f.

da(h)rm da(h)rmsnoor hahme(r)r

mess
ya(h)o/i'ta(h)kte(r)

match
nail

leusseefe(r)r

pincers

ramrod

nagel m. nijptang t laadstok m.

speyker, nah^el neypta(h)ng

1

laht'stok

51
English.

Dntch.

Prontmclatlon.

range, out of
rifle

screwdriver

huiten schot boyte(r)n sc/io(ta)t geweer g'e(r)wayr schroevendraaier m. sc/iroo 'fe (r) ndrahischeede
schot n.
i.

sheath shot
tools

sc7tayde(r)

[e(r)r

gereedschap n.
slijpHteen

whetstone
wire-nippers
29.

m.

draadtang

scAot 5re(r)raytsscAa(h)p sleyp'stayn drahtta(b.)ng

Amusements.
'

{Vermaken.)

Actors admission

band
billiards

m.pl. tohnayl' spayl eras too'^a(h)ng [kesst harwonie- orkest n. ha(h)rmohnee'-ortooneelspelers

toegang

m.

biljart n.

bilya(h)rt'

cards chess
circus

kaartspelen schaakspgl n.

paardenspel n.
concert n.

concert

kahrt'spel-e(r)n sc^ahk'spel pahr'denspel konsert'

accompanist
choir

accompaynateur
zangvereeniging koor n.
orkestdirecteur ten
,

a(h)kkompanyahuLLl X
ii.

f.

chorus conductor instruments

m.

muziek-instru men-

za(h)ng'ferayne(r)[^ing kohr orkest'deerektu(r)r meuzeekinstreii-

brass, string

m.

blaas, strijk

f.

menten

orchestra

orkest n.

piano
pianist

klavier n., piano

klavierspeler,

piaf.

nist

m.
-es

singer

zanger m.,

blahss, streyk , [nob orkest klahfeer', peeah' klahfeer'spayle(r)r, peeahnist' za(h)ng-er, -ess
leet

song
voice

lud
stem

n.
f.

stem
da(h)m'spel
n.

draughts
driving

damspel n.
rijdeny
jac/it
f.

[e(r)n

mennen
n.
f.

reyde(r)n,
jai(h)chi

menn-

hunting

museum
music
music-hall opera-house

museum
muziek

meusayum
meuzeek'
[ta(h)n* ka(li)fay-sha(h)n-

cafi-chantant n.

operagebouw n.

oh'perah^re (r)bow

52
English.

Dutch.

Pronunciation.

picture gallery

schilderijenni useum

scMlderey'en

meusay'um
skates skating
skittles

schaatsen

f.pl.

Sf7iahtse(r)n

schaatsenrijde)i n.

keg els m.pl.

RcAahtse(r)nreykay^e(r)lss [de(r)n

swimming
the theatre
act ballet
box-oj0fice

zwemmen
tooneel n.

f.

zwemme(r)n
tohnayl' be(r)dreyf
ba(h)llet'
1

bedrijf n.
ballet n.

plaatsbiireau n.

cloak-room

kleedkamer
blijspel n.

t.

comedian

tooneelspeler

m.
I I I

comedy
curtain

plahtsbeuroli .'dayt'kahmer tohnayl 'spayler bleyspeyl

dancer
farce
footlights

manager

s^age-

opera-glasses

[eress' /jrohrdeyn' gordijn n. danser m., danse- da(h)n'ser, da(h)ns[res f. kluc/^t klucht i. foo'tlicMen voetlichten n.pl. deerektu(r)r directeur m. raysheessu(r)r regisseur m. beenok'l binocle m.
! i
;

performance
play

voorstelling

f.
I
I

fohr'stelling
spel, tohnayl'stuk

spel, tooneelstuk n.

programme
proprietor refreshment[room scene seats

programma n. eigenaar m.
kojiekamer
tooneel n.
f.

prohgra(h)m'mah
ey'^e(r)nahr

koffeekahmer
tohnayl' plahtsen
loshe(r)ss

boxes
dress circle

loges f.pl.

balcon n.
galerij
f.

ba(h)lko(h)n
^ahlerey'
pa(h)rter're(r)

balcony
gallery
pit

parterre n.

reserved
stalls

besproken
stalles f.pl.

besprohke(r)n
sta(h)l'less

stage
tickets

tooneel n.
^biljetten n.pl.

tohnayl'
bilyetten tru(r)rspel trur(r)rspelsspayfiohl
f.

tragedy tragedian
violin

treurspel n.

treurspeUpelsr
rtooZ
f.

m.

rie(r)r

walking

[wandeling

wa(h)nde(r)ling

68
30.
English.

Correspondence.
Dutch.

( BriefwUseling.)
102.)

(For Conversations, see p.

Pronunciation.

Address
blotting-paper

adres n. vloeipapier n.
hoek n.
[turn
f.,

a(h)dress
floo'i-pahpeer

book
date desk, writingenclosure

m. boo'k

[dahtum

da- da(h)5f'takening, schrijjiessenaar m. sc/ireyflesse(r)nahr beylah^e(r) bijlage f.

enveloppe
hierbij
f.

dagteekening

envelope herewith

a(h)nfe(r)loppe(r)

immediate
ink,

stand

onmiddelijk
inkt, inktkoker
hi'ief

m.

letter

m.
f.

heer'bey onmidde(r)lle(r)k inkt, inktkohker breef

breefe(r)nbuss

-box note paper

,

brievenbus
je n. brief

breef ye (r)
pa(h)peer'
post'pa(ii)peer

notepen, fountain
,

papier n.
postpapier n.
stolen

steel (nib)

pen
f.

f.

stahle(r)n pen

vulpen

fulpen (like

lull)

holder
pencil

penhouder m.
potlood n.

penhowder
pot'loht

penknife
a quire
scissors

pennemes n.
katerntje n.

penne(r)mess
kahterntye(r) scAahr zayVe(r)l
zay'5re(r)l-la(h)k
*

schaar
zegel n.

f.

seal

sealing-wax sheet (of paper) signature writing materials

zegellak n.
feZad,
I

i;<?Z

n.

bla(h)t, fell
f.

[ing

handteekening

ha(h)nd'tayke(r)nsc7ireyfe(r)n
sc/ireyf^e(r)rayt'-

schrijfgereedschap

so/ia(h)p

31.

Post-office

and Telegrams
p. 103.)

(Post- en Telegraafkantoof,)
(Vox Conversations, see

Book post
counterfoil description

drukwerk n.
souche
depeche

druk'werk
80ossje(r)
i.

m.

besohrijving

despatch-note
destination

m.
f.

be(r)sc4reyfing daypayc/ie(r)

bestemmin^

be(r)stemming

54
English.

Dateh.

Pronxmclatloxi;.

excess postage insured value

letter post

strafporf n.

verzekerde waarde
brieven-post

stra(h)fport fe(r)rzayke(r)rde(r)

wahrde(r)
breefe(r)n-post
post'wisse(r)l [howt postwissel m. order of contents aard van den inhoud ahrt fa(h)n den in'nature newspaper wrapper couranten strook f. koora(h)nte(r)n strohk number 5re(r)ta(h)l,ahnta(h)l getal, aantal n. parcel post post'pa(h)kette(r)n postpaketten postage paid fra(h)nkoh franco

money

stamp

postal (pillar-) box brUvenhus f. post-card briefkaart f. poflte-restante poste-restante

postman
postmaster
post-office

re-address, to
register, to

post'zay^e(r)l breefe(r)nbuss breefkahrt post resta(h)nte(r) breefenbesteller brievenbesteller m. post'deerektu(r)r postdirecteur m. post'ka(h)ntobr postkantoor n. op nieuw adresseeren op nee'w a(h)dre3postzegel

m.

say're(r)n

aanteekenen

reply paid

antwoord betaald
tdegi'amformulier telegraaf bode m. kantoor
f.

ahntayke(r)ne(r)n a(h)nt'wohrt be(r)[meuleer tahlt'

te(r)le(r)^ra(h)mfor-

telegraph form

messenger
office

te(r)le(r)grahf boh-

ka(h)ntohr'[de(r)

value of contents weight

waarde van den

gewicht n.
overvrichtf

in- wahrde(r) fa(h)n den [houd ge(T)wichi [in'howt

over,

under

het gewicht

beneden oh'fe(r)rwic/it,be(r)nayden het ge{T)[wichi

32.
Dntch.

Cardinal Numbers.
(For Oramxnatloal Notes

{Hoofdtelwoorden.) Me p. 8U)
Pronunciation.

PronnnciatloQ.

Dutch.

een

2 twee 8 drie
vier
viif
te*

ayn tway
dree
feer

feyf
zesfl

7 8 9 10 11 12

zeven acht

zayfe(r)n

a(h)cM
n&yge{r)n teen
elf

negen
tien

elf

twaalf

twahlf

55
Dutch.
'^PTononciation.

Dutch.

Pronunciation.

13 14 16 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 26

derr'teen veer tien fayrteen feyfteen vijftien zestien zesteen zeventien zayfe(r)nteen achttien a(b)cAt6en negentien nay5'e(r)nteeii
dertien
twi/ntig

70 zeventig 80 tachtig 90 negentig 100 honderd

101

zayfe(r)nte(r)c^

ta(h)cAtte(r)cA
na,yge{j:)iite{T)ch

twinte(r)cA.

een en tiointig

twee en
drie en
vier en
vijf en

26 zes en 27 zeven en 28 acht en 29 negenen 80 dertig derr'te(r)c/t 40 veertig fayrte(r)cA 60 vijftig {eyite(v)ch 60 zestig zeste{v)ch

ayn e(r)n
twinte(r)c/i

110 120 130 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900

honder(r)t

{en) een

{en) tien {en) twintig

(en) dertig

tweehonderd
drie vier
vijf
zes

zeven

acht

negen 1,000 duizend

doyze(r)nt

2,000 twee 3,000 drie 10,000 tien 1,000,000 millioen mil'h-oon (duizend negen honderd doyze(r)nt nay^e(r)n hondert en feyf, or [feyf en vijf, or negentienhonderd en vijf nay^e(r)nteenhondert en

33.

Ordinal Numbers.
de eerste tweede , derde
, ,

{Rangtelvworden.)
p. 81.)

(For Graaunatical Notes see

The 1st - 2nd - 3rd - 4th

-

de(r) ayrste(r)

twayde(r)
derrde(r)
feerde(r)
feyfde(r)

vierde
vijfde

6th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th 18th 14th Where

zesde

zesde (r)
zayfe(r)nde(r)
a(h)cAtste(r)

zevende
achtste

negende
tiende
elfde

nay^e(r)nde(r) teende(r)
elfde(r)

twaalfde
dertiende
veertiende
la

twahlfde(r) derrteende(r) fayrteende(r)

it will

pronuiioiabion

omitted,

be found given previously.

56
English

Dutch.

Pronunciation,

the 15th

de vijftiende
,, ,,
,,

de(r) feyf'teende(r)
)

- 16th
- 17th - 18th - 19th - 20th - 21st - 80th

zestiende

zess'teende(r)

zeventiende
achttiende

>

zayfe (r) nteende (r)

a(h)cA'teende(r) nay'^e(r)nteende(r)
twin'tG(r)5rste(r)

n
>j

,,
,,

negentiende
twintigste

>?
>

,, ,,
,,

eenentwingtigsti
dertigste
veertigste

55

ayn'e(r)ntwinte(r)(7derr'te(r)^ste(r) [ste(r)
fayr'te(r)^ste(r)
feyf'te(r)g'ste(r)

- 40th - 60th - 60th

70th 80th 90th 100th 1,000th

)?

vijftigste zesUgste ,,
,,
,
,

n
5
5

zess'te(r)^ste(r)

zeventigste
tachtigste

zayfe(r)nte(r)^ste(r)
ta(h)c/t'te(r)^ste(r)

>

,,
,,

negentigste

>
>

nay'^e(r)nte(r)^ste(r)

honderdste duizendste

hon'dertste(r) doy'ze(r)ndste(r)

84.

Collective and Fractional Numbers, &c. {Verzamelnamen en Breuken.)

(For

Grammatical Motes see

f.

p. 81.)

Century
,

eeiiw

half-a-

een halve eeuw

couple (pair)

paar

n.
n.,

[f.

ay'w [ay'w ayn ha(h)lfe(r) pahr [ne(r)^te(r)

crowd
decade double dozen a fifth
four-fifths

gedrang

tiental n. dubhel dozijn n. een vijfde

vier vijfden

menigte ^e(r)dra(h)ng,may' teenta(h)l dub'be(r)l

dohzeyn'

ayn

feyfde(r)

feer feyfde(r)n

twaalf dozijn^ grOS n. twahlf dohzeyn', half [gross helft helft f. quarter(fourth part) iderendeelj kwart. ii. fee're(r)ndayl,

a gross

kwa(h)rt
score
single, singly

een twintigtal
alleen
tienen, tientallen

ayn

twin'te(r)(7-

tens tenths a third three -fold three-quarters

tienden een derde drievoud

drie vierden

[ta(h)l a(h)llayn' teenen, teenta(h)rteende(r)n [le(r)n ayn derrde(r)

dree'fowt dree feerde(r)n

57
English.

Dutch.

Proncmciatioiu

threes three -sevenths

triple, triply

dHeen
drie zevenden

drievoudig

dree-e(r)n [de(r)ii zay'fe(r)ndree'fowde(r)c/i

dree

twice two-fold two-thirds

36.

tweemaal tweevoud twee derden

(Bijvoegelijke

twaymahl
tway'fowt

tway derrde(r)n
Naamwoorden.)
70.)

AdjectlYes.*

(Tor Orammatical Notes see pages 74 to

Arrog&^t bad
bitter

aanmatigend
slecht
hitter

ahn'ma(h)te(r)slecht
bitter

[^8(r)nt

blind blunt bold brave breadth

brisk

blind

blinnt

stomp
stoutmoedig

stomp
stowtmoode(r)c/i da(h)pper braydte(r)
layfe(r)nde(r)f7i

dapper
hreedte
f.

levendig

broad
certain

breed
zeker

cheap
clean
clear clever

goedkoop schoon
helder

brayt zayker ^ootkohp' scAohn helder

cold

bekwaam koud
tevreden

be(r)kwahm kowt
te(r)frayde(r)n

content dark deaf dear deep

dirty

donker doof
lief

don'ke(r)r

dohf
leef

diep
vuil

deep
foyl

disagreeable dishonest

onaangenaam
oneerlijk

onahn 'ge (r) n ahm

onayr'le(r)k

drunken
dry

dumb
dusty
early

dronken droog stom

stoffig

dronk'en drohch

stom
stoffe(r)cA irooch
[le(r)k

easy
*

vroeg gemakkelijk

^e(r)ma(h)kke(r)-

Some Noons

of quality are here given for convenient reference.

58
English.

Datch.
gelijk

Prononciatiloii.

equal
fair

^e(r)leyk
gunstig,
sc7iohn,^un'ste(r)c/i.

schoon,

faithless
false
fat
fierce
fit

blond trouweloos
valsch
vleezig, vet

blont trow'e(r)lohss
fa(h)lss
flay'ze(r)cA, fet

wUd
bekwaam, geschikt
plat

wilt

be(r)kwahm,
pla(h)t

^e(r).
[sc/iikt

fiat

foolish
free

dwaas
vrij

dwahss
frey
ge(r)dem:e{r)ch
friss
fol

frequent
fresh

gedurig
frisch

fuU gay
gentle

vol
vroolijk

good
great hairy

zacht goed groot harig

'foooi

frohle(r)k za(h)cAt
^roo't

^TOht hahre(r)cA

handsome happy
hard heavy
height

moh'i
9re(r)luk'ke(r)cA

gelukkig hardy moeilijk

ha(h)rt, mooile(r)k.

zwaar
hoogte
f.

zwahr
hoh^e(r) hohch
hai
ayrle(r)k hong-e(r)re(r)cA kwaht, Blecht, zeek. onbe(r)layft' onsc^ul'de(r)cA recht(&hT'de(r)ch kru(r)'pe(r)l

high hollow honest

koog
hoi
eerlijk

hungry
ill

hongerig

kwaad.

slecht, ziek

impoKte
innocent
just

onbeleefd

lame
large
late

onschuldig rechtvaardig kreupel

ruinit breed

roym, brayt
laht

laat

lean length
light

mager
lengte
licht
f.

mah^e(r)r
lengte (r)
licAt

long

lang

muddy

modderig

la(h)ng modde(r)re(r)cA

69
English.

Dutch.

Pronmioiatlon.

narrow

eng

new
oblong
old

nieuw
langwerpig

eng nee'w
la(h)ngwer'pe(r)c/i

oud
open
heleefd

open
polite

owt (= Eng. ohpen

be(r)layft

out)

poor
pretty-

arm
aardig
vertrouwelijk
trotsch

a(h)rm
ahrde(r)c/i

private

fe(r)rtrowe(r)le(r)k
tro(h)ts

proud
public

openbaar
zuiver

ohpenbahr
zoyfer
5re(r)rust

pure
quiet rich ; ripe

gerust
(of food)

rijk; vet,
rijp

zwaar

reyk; reyp

fet,

zwahr

rough round
sacred sad sharp short slow small

ruiv

reuw
ront
heyle(r)c^
ern'ste(r)cA,
[fe(r)cA

ront
heilig

emstigf droevig scherp kort

droo-

scAerp kort

langzaam
klein

la(h)ng'zahm kleyn
gl&(h)t
za,(h)chi

smooth
soft

glad
zacht

sound
sour square strange strong
stupid

gezond

zuur
vierkant

^e(r)zont zeur feer'ka(h)nt

vreemd
sterk donif

fraymt
sterrk

lomp

dom, lomp
zoot
snel, flucA

sweet
swift
;

zoet

tender (of food) feeder; malsch thick dik thickness dikte f. thin dun
thirsty
dorstig
tijdig

snel, vlug

tay'de(r)r

ma(h)la

dik
dik'te(r)

dun
dorss'te(r)cA

timely

troublesome

moeilijk, lastig

teyde(r)c^ [ste(r)cA moo'ile(r)k, la(h)

60
English.

Datoh.

Pronnnciation.

true
iigiy

waar
leelijk

wahr
lay'le(r)k

uncertain

onzeker
ongelijk

on'zayker
on'^e(r)le(r)k

unequal
unfit

ongeschikt
onbestendig
nuttig
vergeefsch

on'^e(r)sc^ikt

unsettled useful

onbe(r)sten'de(r)cA nut'te(r)cA
fer<5rayfss

vain

warm
weak
well

warm
slap,

wa(li)rm

zwak

sla(h)p,

zwa(h)k

wel, gezond not, vochtig

wet whole wide

wild wise

geheel

wel, 5re(r)zont na(h)t, toch'ie{r)ch ^e(r)hayl

wijd
urild

weyt
wilt

wijs

weyss

young
36.
(For

Jong

yong
fWerkwoorden.)
S2 to 00.)

Verbs.

Orammatical Kotes see pages

To
to

accept

admire
affirm

aanneme7i bewonderen
hevestigen

ahn'nayme(r) be (r) wonn'dere (r)

be(r)fes'te(r)^e(r)

to to to to to to
to

answer approve
arrive

antwoorden
goedketiren

a(h)nt'wohrde(r)
5roo'tku(r)re(r)

aankornen

ascend ask

opklimmen
vragen
verzekeren

ahn'kohme(r) op'klimme(r)
frah'^e(r)

to assure

fe(r)rzaykere(r)

awake

wekken
slaan, kloppen

to beat

wek'ke(r) slahn, klop'pe(r)

be(r(/7in'ne(r)
fer-

to begin to believe
to
to

heginnen
taken

gelooven, vertrouwen ,7e(r)iohfe(r),

blame
borrow

to boil
to breakfast to bring

koken
horgen, leenen
onthijten

brengen

to build

houwen

[trowe(r) iahke(r) kohke(r) bor^e(r), layne(r) ontbey'te(r) breng'e(r) bow'e(r)

61
English.

Dutch.

Pronunciation.

to

button

to

buy

knoopen koopen
herekenen

to calculate to carry to chat

to to

knohpe(r) kohpe(r) be(r)rayke(r)ne(r)

dra(h)'^e(r)

dragen
habhelen
vergelijken

ba(h)b'be(r)le(r)
fer^e(r)leyke(r)

compare
continue

to consent
to cook

toestemmen voortduren koken

hoesten

too'stemme(r)
fohrt'deure(r) koh'ke(r)
hoos'te(r)
[ke(r) dek'ke(r), be(r)dekda(h)n'se(r)

to
to

cough
dance

to cover
to deliver

dekken, bedekken

dansen
bevrijden

be(r)frey'de(r)

to
to

deny
descend

ontkennen
i

ontkenne(r)
"fertrek'ke(r)

to depart
to desire
to despise

vertrekken

afdalen
begeeren

a(h)f'dahle(r)
be(r)(9rayre(r)

verachten
twist en

fera(h)cAte(r)
twis'te(r)

to dispute

to doubt
to to

twijfelen

tweyfe(r)le(r)

draw dream

trekken, zuigen

trekke(r), zoy^e(r)

droomen
kleeden

droh'me(r)
klayde(r) drinke(r)
ay'te(r)

to dress
to drink

drinken
eten

to eat, dine
to

esteem to exchange to exclaim

to excuse
to explain to fall to feel

achten
ruilen, wisselen
uitroeperif

a(h)cAte(r)
rOyle(r),

[le(r>

wis'se(r)-

oyt'roope(r),

schreeuwen verontschuldigen verklaren

vallen
voelen

scAraywe(r)
feront-scAul'de(r)ferklah're(r)
fa(h)l'le(r)
{ie{r)

foole(r)
fin'de(r)

to find

to finish
to follow

vinden eindigen volgen

vergeten

eyn'de(r)^e(r)
ioige{T)

to forget
to gather to get

fer^ayte(r)

vergaderen
krijgen

fer^ahdere(r)
kreygre(r)

to get

up

opsUjgen, opstaan

op'stey^e(r),

[stahn op-

62
English.

Dntch.

Pronunciation.
5rayfe(r)

to give

geven

go to go
to to

in,

out

gaan
ingaan, uitgaan
groeien

^ahn
in'^rahn,

ojt'gahn

grow

^roo'i-e(r)

to hate to hear to hide

to

haten hooren
verhergen
eeren

hahte(r) hohre(r)
fe(r)rber'/7e(r)

to
to

honour hope
imagine

ayre(r)

hopen
niet weten

to ignore
to imitate

hohpe(r) neet wayte(r)

zicfi

zich verheelden

ferbaylde(r)

navolgen
heleedigen

nah'fol^e(r)
be(r)lay'de(r)^^e(r)

to insult
to insure

assureeren
invoeren spring en kennen, weten lachen
leeren

a(h)sseuray're(r)
in'foore(r)

to introduce to

to
to

jump know
laugh

spring'e(r)

ken'ne(r), wayte(r)
lah'cA^e(r)

to learn to lend

lay're(r)

leenen

layne(r)
liggen

to lie

down

gaan
leven

gahn

li/,^e(r)
'

to live

to to

lay'le(r)

dwell

wonen
zoeken naar
verliezen

to look for to lose

wohne(r) sooke(r) nahr

ferlee'ze(r)

to love

beminnen

be(r)mLn'ne(r)

to

marry meet mention

mistaken

huwen
onUnoeten vermelden
zich vergissen

heuwe(r)
ontmoot'e(r) fermelde(r)
zich fer<7is'se(r)

to be

to object
to offend
to offer

tegenwerpen
heleedigen

tay'^en-werpe(r)
be(r)layde(r).-7e(r)

to
to to to

open
pack up

aanbieden openen
bestellen

ahn'beede(r) ohpe(r)ne(r)
bestelle(r)

to order to paint

inpakken
schilderen

inpa(h)kke(r)
sc/iildere(r)

pardon

vergeven
betalen

fer^ayfe(r)

pay

be(r)tahle(r)

to plant

planten

pla(h)nte(r)

68
English.
Datcta.

Prontmciation.

to play
to pluck to praise to present

spelen

plukken
frijzen
voorstellen,

to to to to to

prove punish

bemjzen
strafen
iwisten

spayle(r) pluk'ke(r) [bieden preyze(r) [beede(r) aanfohr'stelle(r), ahn'be(r)weyze(r)

stra(h)i'fe(r)

quarrel be quiet read to reap to receive

to reflect (mirror) to refuse
to regret

twisste(r)

zich stilhouden

zich stil'howde(r)
lay'ze(r)

Uzen
oogst&n

oh^ste(r)
ontfa(h)n'5re(r)

ontvangen weerkaatsen
weigeren betreuren
verblijden

wayrkahtse(r)
wey'5fe(r)re(r)

be(r)tru(r)re(r)

to rejoice
to

ferbleyde(r)

remember
repay

herinneren
terugbetalen

herin'nere(r)
teru^'be(r)tahle(r)

to

to repeat to repent
to reply
*

herhalen

herhahle(r)
be(r)row'e(r)

berouwen antwoorden
rusten terugkeeren
(of bellen

a(h)nt'wohrde(r)
ruste(r)

to rest
to return to ring the bell to roast

[house) braden
laopeUj rennen

to

run

to say

zeggen
verzegelen

teru^'kayre(r) beUe(r) brah'de(r) lohpe(r), ren'ne(r) ze^^e(r)

ferzay^e(r)le(r)

to seal
to search

onderzoeken
zien

onderzoo'ke(r)
zee-e(r)

to see to sell to serve

to to

verkoopen dienen

ferkohpe(r) deene(r)
nah'i-e(r)

sew

naaien
toonen zuchten onderteekenen

show

tohne(r)

to sigh

to sign to sit

down

gaan

zitten

zucMe(r) ondertayke(r)ne(r) gfahn zitte(r)

8lah'pe(r)

to sleep to sneeze to
to

slapen

sow
speak

nuzen zaaim
tprekeji
1

neeze(r)
zah'i-e(r)

spray ke(r)

64
English.

Dutch.

Pronunciation.

to spin to spoil
to steal to study-

spiniun
hederven
stelen

spinne(r)
be(r)derfe(r)
stay'le(r)

studeeren

3teriday're(r)

to take to taste
to tell to thank
to think
to be thirsty

nemen
proeven, smaken
zeggen, vertellen

nayme(r)
proo'fe(r),

[ke(r)

smah'-

zeg'ge{r)f fertelle(r)'

danken
denken
dorst hebben

to

throw

to touch to translate
to travel

werpen raken
vertalen
reizen

da(h)n'ke(r) den'ke(r) dorst hebbe(r) wer'pe(r) rahke(r)

fe(r)rtah'le(r)

unbutton to uncover to understand to unpack

to to
to to

losknoopen
ontblooten

wash weep
weigh
wish

verstaan ^07it-)y uitpakk^n wasschen weenen, schreien

reyze(r) loss'k-nohpe(r) ontblohte(r) fe(r)rstahn

(ont-),

oyt'pa(h)k^

wa(h)s'se(r) [ke(r) wayne(r), achrej-

wegmi
willen

to will to

wenschen
wdrken, arbeiden
vereeren, aanbidden

w&y'ge{T) wirie(r) wens'se(r)

[e(r)

[de(r)

to
to

work
worship

wer'ke(r), a(h)r'beyferayre(r), ahnbid'-

to

wrap

wikkelen
schrijven

wik'ke(r)le(r) [de(r)
sc/ireyfen

to write

37.

Adverbs, Conjunctions, and Prepositions.

(

Bijwoorden, Voegwoorden^ Voorzetsels,

(For Orammatloal Notes sea pages 91 and
02.)

About
above above
all

om, omtrent boven

boven alles overeenkomstig, volgens
achter^

om, omtrent'
boh' fen boh'fen a(h)l'less

accordingly
after

ohferaynkom'ste(r)cA, fol^ens

na

a(h)cA'ter,

nah

afterwards again against

nadei'handy daarna

weder
tegen

nahderha(h)nt', way'der [dahrnah tay'^en

65
English.

Dutch.

Pronunciation.

all (adj.)

almost
already
also

gansch, geheel schier, bijna

reeds

5ra(li)nss,

5fe(r)hayl

scAeer,

beynah

rayts

ook
ofschoofij hoewel

ohk
offscAohn',
5re(r)hayl',

although
altogether

hooweir
te(r)-

geheel,

tezamen

always

altijd

among
and anywhere
as as

onder en

a(h)rteyt [zah'men on'der

en
ook, ergens

waar
als,

wahr ohk,

er^renss'

zooah

many,

as

much

zooveel, evenveel

a(h)lss,zoh-a(h)lss' zoh'fayl, ay'fe(r)nfayl

te(r)

as soon as at
at first
at last at least

zoodra
te

ah

zohdrah' a(h)ls3 [ii^W

in den heginne
ten laatste

in

den

be(r),^in'-

once badly because

at

ten minste dadelijk

slecht, erg

ten lahtste(r) ten minste(r) dahde(r)le(r)k

slecAt, e(r)rcA

omdat
voor

before

omda(h)t' fohr
a(h)cA'ter

achfer behind below {adv,dprep.) heneden

be(r)nayden
be(r)nay'fe(r)nss,

besides
better

benevens, bovendien
beter

bohfe^f^ndeen' bayter
tus'sen [fe(r)n ferder da(h)n, boh-

between beyond
but

tusschen verder dan, boven

maar, dock
door
dientengevolge

by
consequently

mahr, docA dohr

be(r)naydeu

[i/e(r)

deentenge(r)fol'^e(r)deu're(r)nde(r)

down
during
early either
...

beneden gedurende
vroeg

froocA
off... off

or

of ...of
elders

elsewhere

el'derss
ge[r)xiOOch'

enough
even
if

genoeg
zelfs al

zelfss a(ii)l

every {adj.)
Dutch Self-Taught

ieder

eeder
i*

66
English.

Dutch.

Pronunciation.

everywhere
except
far
firstly
(co7ij.)

overal
behalve

oh'fera(h)l
be(r)ha(h)l'fe(r)
ferr

ver
ten eersts

for (prep.)
for (cmij.)

voor

ten ayrste(r) fohr

want
can
nauwelijka
hier

wa(h)nt
fa(h)n now'e(r)le(r)ks

from
hardly here

heer

how

{adv.)

hoe
echter
hoeveel

hoo
echter hoofa}^' ? indeen'

however

how much?
if
if

indien

not

zoo niet

immediately in, within indeed

in future
inside

omniddellijk
in, hinnen inderdaad

zoh neet onmid'de(r)lle(r)k

in,

bin'nen

in de toelcowfit hinnen, imcendig in plaats van laat

inderdaht' in de(r) too'komst binnen, in'wende(r)c/i

instead of late
less

in plahtss fa(h)n laht

minder
gelijk, evenals

minnder
.g'e(r)Ieyk',

like
little (adj.)
little

ay'fe(r).

klein

kleyn

[na(h)lss

by

little

langzamerliand

la(h)ngzahmer[ha(h)nt' zayr nahbey', beynah

fayl,

more

meer
veel, zeer

mayr

much
near, nearly neither ... nor never next to not not at all

nabij, hijna

noch

...

noch

noch

...

iioch

nooit naast, hijna

niet

noh'it
iiahst,

beynah

neet
geheel niet

in

't

in

't

^e(r)hayl neet

nothing not yet

niets

neets

nog niet
thaiis,

noch neet
ta(h)nss, neu nerV/e(r)nss

now
nowhere
of

nu

nergens

van
natuurlijk

fa(h)n_
na(h)teur'le(r)k

of course

67
English.

Dutch.

Pronimciation.

often

dikwijls
op,

dik'weylss
op,

on on on on on on

aan

ahn
[<ie(r)

the contrary the left the opposite side the right

this side
(adj.)

integendeel
links

intay'^endayl
links

aan de
rechts

overzijde
zijde

ahn de(r)
rec/itss

oh'ferzey-

aan deze
eens

ahn dayze(r)
aynss
&y'ne{r)ch

zey[^^{^)

once only

eenig
alleen, slechts

(adv.)

a(h)llayn', slecMs

opposite or

tegengesteld

tay'^e(r)n^esstelt
off

otherwise {adv.) outside over perhaps presently, soon previously quickly rather

of anders
huitenzijde
f.

boven misschien
straks, dadelijk

a(h)n'derss boy'te(r)nzeyde(r) boh'fen

missc/ieen'
fohra(h)f'
sc/ieele(r)k
leefer,

[le(r)k

stra(h)ks, dahde(r)-

vooraf
schielijk
liever, eerder

ayrder

same

(the) (adj.)

zelfde

zelfde (r)

scarcely

secondly

seldom
since (prep.)

nauwelijks ten tweede zelden

sederty sints

now'e(r)le(r)kss

ten twayde(r) zelden

say'derrt, sintss
say' derrt

so

(conj.)

sedert
zoo, dus

zoh, duss
ayne(r)^e(r)
vroeg,

some

(adj.)

eenige

sometimes soon
suddenly then {adv. thence

somtijds

weldra, spoedig
plotseling

somteyts' weldrah, irooch, spoode(r)cA

plotsse(r)ling

conj.)

dan
van daar van dien tijd af daar

da(h)n
fa(h)n dahr fa(h)n deen
teyt
[a(h)f

thenceforth there
therefore thirdly

daarom
ten derde

dahr dahr'om
ten derrde(r)

through thus

door aldus

dohr
a(h)lduss'

F9

68
English.

Dutch.

Pronunciation.

to

too too much together

aan, naar ook

ahn, nahr

ohk
te(r) fayl

veel

tegelijk

te(r)5re(r)leyk

towards under undoubtedly

unless
until

jegens

onder
ongetwijfeld
tenzij
tot

yay'^e(r)nss on'der
on'/7etweyfelt

ten-zey'
tot

up upon
very
well

op
opf

op

aan

op,

ahn

zeer

zayr
^oot, zayr

goed, zeer

when
where
while
?

wanneer, toen

wa(h)nnayr', toon

waar

wahr

terwijl

te(r)rweyl

why?
willingly

waarom ?
gaarne

wahr'om

^ahr'ne(r)

with
with, near

mM
na, met

met
nah, met bin'nen zon'der
noc/t, toch

within (adv.) without (prep.)

yet

binnen
zo rider

nog, toch

MARLBOROUGH'S
Travellers' Practical

Manuals of Conversation.

SUBJECTS ARRANGED ALPHABETICALLY. Containing Travel Notes. Classified Conversations Railway, Steamer, Hotel, Luggage, Customs, Motoring, Cycling, <fec., Money, Weights and
Measures.
Dictionary in four languages of Words in Daily Use.

Mo. 1. ENGLISH, FRENCH, GERMAN and ITALIAN. (In one book.) (in one book.) No. 2. ENGLISH, FRENCH, GERMAN and DUTCH. Crown 12mo, 162pp. Wrapper. 119 net each Cloth, 3/- net each.
;

German Self-Taught, Grammar with

By W.
;

Key.

M.A. For learning the language by the Natural Method, with Phonetic Pronunciation. Containing Notes on Articles, Gender, Accents, <fec. ; Classified Vocabularies Conversational Phrases and Sentences Naval, Military and Commercial Terms Tables of Money, &c. A course of simple and practical lessons in the Rules of Grammar exemi)lified with Model Sentences, Exercises and Reading Lessons in German Characters.
E.
; ;

WEBER,

Facsimile

German Hand-writinc. Alphabetical Vocabulary.

Lroton Sio. 332pp.

&c.

Green Cloth,

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London:

E.

MARLBOROUGH &

Co., Publishers, 5i Old Bailey, E.C.4.

69

ELEMENTARY GRAMMAR.
The Dutch language has ten
parts of

speech:

The

Articles.

(Lidwoordm.)

There are two Articles, the Definite and the Indefinite. There are three Genders masculine (M.), feminine (F.), and neuter (N.), and four Cases Nominative (N.), Genitive (G.), Dative (D.), and Accusative (A.)

General Rule.
the singular genders.
;

Each gender has

is

its

in the plural there

ovsm form of declension in no distinction between the

DECLENSION.
The
Singular

Definite Article.
P.

N. the
G. of the to the A. the

M. de des

D.

den den

de der de de

N. het

Plural for

all

genders.

des het het

de der

den
de.

The
M. N. a, an een G. of a, of an eens
Singular:

Indefinite Article.
F.

N.

een{e)

een
eens

These

eener

endings are never used in the

een een{e*) TdHeldom fnThe A. a, an een{en*) een. een{e*) written. Note. The definite article is often used in Dutch, where there is no article in English, as Van de hand in de land, from hand to mouth. There are phrases, however, in which the definite article nsed in English is not used in Dutch, as Fiano spelen, to play the piano.

D. toa,toan..n(..^*)

The Noun.

(Het
:

zelfstandig

namnwoord,)

GENDER.
Masculine Nouns are {a) Names of males, when there is a separate name for the m^le whenjnot, names of great animals are masculine, as olifant
and those of small animals are feminine, as mouse. names of seasons [except Lente (f.), Spring], months, and days [except the compounds wi th month and year Mei(m.), elephant,
(f.),

muis

{h)

maand
{c)

(f.),

month

of

May;

voorjaar

(n.),

spring.

names

of trees [except Linde (f.), lime tree, and tamarinde (f.), tamarind], stones, coins [except munt (f.), coin; guinje (f.), guinea; pistool (f.), pistole; pond (n.), pound], and

mountains.

70
{d)

nouns

of one syllable indicating motion or action, as houWf stab greep, grasp, &c. Such words are feminine when they indicate objects having any relation to the action for instance, trap (m.), kick; trap (f.), staircase.
;
;

(e)

nouns ending in -oar, -aard, -enaar, -erd, -Im, -rm, -er, and most words ending in
lessenaar, desk

-enier, -el, -em, -sem^

-en, as

luiaard, sluggard

kruidenier, grocer beitel, chisel

halm, stalk storm,, storm

looper, stair-carpet regen, rain.

geweldenaar, tyrant vwsterd, mustard

adem, breath bloesem, blossom

Exceptions: Griffel (f.), slate pencil; schofel (f.), hoe; scherm (n.), screen palm (f.), palm of the hand; uniform (f.), uniform helm (i.),hTooia.
; ;

(/) all

words ending in -ing and -ling (when not derived verbs), as ketting, chain krakeling, cracknel.
;

from

{g)

nouns ending in -dom, when denoting a

growth.

state,

as

wasdom^

For EXCEPTIONS

see

under Neuter

(g).

Feminine
(a)

are

Names

of females (when there is a separate name for the female), flowers, vegetables, fruits, grains, foreign products, materials (when not neuter), ships (except those ending in -er), letters of the alphabet, ciphers, figures, musical notes, intervals, and foreign instruments [except doedelzak (m,), lioorn (m.), triangel (m.)]
1.

NoTK.

formed from names of other things take the goudenregen (m.), aroiiskelk (m.) e.g.* 2. Names of fruits ending in oen, ling, el, and er are masculine Citroen (m.), pippeling (m.), eikel (m.), aker (m.) koni3. Foreign names of fruits ending in el and er are feminine; e.g.,
of flowers

Names

gender of the

latter, as

kommer
(6)

(f.),

amandel

(f.)

nouns ending in
koude, cold
;

-e,

-de,

-te,

denoting inanimate objects, as

Jwogte, height.

Exceptions: Vrele (m.), peace; einde (n.), end; and the collective nouns ending in -te, which are Neuter.
(c)

nouns formed with the suffixes -held, -nis, -teit, as goedheidy goodness heeltenis, image majesteit, majesty.
; ;

Except Vonnis

(n.),

sentence; getuigenif

(n.),

testL

mony
{dj

concilie (n.), council; evangelic (n.), gospel.

-iek, -age, -ij, -ei,
sZi;7a<7e,

all

melodie, fabriek,
(e)

nouns ending in -ie, melody manufactory

in -ing,

and -uw, as wear and tear lei, slate

schaduw, shade.
as belooning,

schilderij, painting

Yerbal nouns

-fit,

and

-t,

reward
;

kunsty

art; vaart, canal.

Except Dienst (m), service last (m.), load schrift (n.), writing [Schrift (f.) is (Holy) Scripture] wicht (n.), weight.
; ;

71
(/)

Words

in -schapy when denoting a state or a collection, that are not neuter [see (h) under Neuter] as blijdschap, joy verwantschap, relation.
,

Neuter
{a)

are

The names

of

young animals, and those

;

class, as kalf, calf

(6)

zicijn,

swine [except

that indicate a whole Hond (m.), dog].

Collectiye nouns, as

leger,

army;
(f.),

volk, people.
trits (f.), threes.

Exceptions: Stad
(c)

town;

The names

of

materials from which objects are manufactured^

; :

as barnsteen,

amber goud, gold. Exceptions Materials which

:

are feminities

and tha

following masculine nouns

azijn, vinegar

honig,
(d)

honey

inkt, ink m/)sterdy mustard

room, cream wijn, wine.

The

infinitive mood of verbs, and all parts of speech useit as nouns, as het schoone, the beautiful [except adjectivea used as names of persons]

(e)

The names of countries, towns, and villages. Exceptions Geographical names which
:

by the

are preceded Feminine, as de dorre Sahara, the barren Sahara ["exckft Den Haag, the Hague; e.g., het bloeiende Den Haag, the prosperous Hague]
article de are
of

(/)
{g)

The names

diminutives, as het kindje, the

in -dow,,

little child.

Words ending

when denoting a collection

{g).

or a country,,

as vorstendom,, principality.

Exceptions: See under Masculine

{h)

Words ending

in -schap, when expressing a dignity, occupation^ or territory, as koningschap, royalty.

Exceptions
t)

See under Feminine

-sel,

(/).

All

words ending in
starch]

as blauwsel, blue [except

Stijfsely

(y)

Nouns formed from the stem of a verb with the inseparable

prefixes be-, ge-, onder-,
07it-,

ver-.

Exceptions
sale
;

Ontvang

(m.),

reception

verkoop (m.)>

verbouw (m.), growth.

Note. 1. Compound noTins have the gender of the principal word, as ??o/herTc (f.), Court chapel [except kerkhof (n.), graveyard, derived from
7w/(m.), garden; tijdslip
(n.),

epoch].

2. There are some nouns which have different genders, with different meanings, as

Tielrn (m.),

helmet, helm
(n.),

(f.),

plant
;

blik (m.), look, blik

dustpan

and many others.

72

DECLENSION OF NOUNS.
There are two declensions, termed the Strong and the Weak. Most nouns belong to the Strong, the Genitive ending in s. Those belonging to the Weak end in en in the Genitive.
GENERA.ri Rules. 1. Feminine nouns always remain unchanged throughout the singular, and their declension is indicated only by the article or pronoun.

Exceptions Family and proper names in the Genitive preceding another noun take s or 's, as moeders verjaardag, mother's birthday Maria's boeken, Mary's books. Should a pronoun or an adjective precede such expressions, the nominative is used, as mijn moeders verjaardag^ my mother's birthday.
: ;

2.

Masculine and Neuter nouns form their Genitive Singular in

[e]s (Strong declension), or in [e]n

(Weak declension). The following Masculine nouns belong to the Weak declension

mensch, man vorst, prince paus, pope lieer, lord liertog, earl prins, prince profeet, prophet* graaf, count also the Neuter noun hart, heart, and all Adjectives used as masculine and neuter Nouns and ending in e, as Jiet goede, the good.
Note. The Genitive and Dative are very seldom used
aan,
3. in speaking Dutch; in their place the Accusative is used, with the prepositions van, of, and van den vader, of the father, instead of des voders. to, as

tive,

The Accusatiye always has the same form and the Dative generally has also.

as the

Nomina-

Formation
The

of

Plural.

plural of nouns is formed by adding n, en, or s in the four cases, and is the same in all genders.
1. Nouns ending in el, em, en, er, aar, ier, aard, erd, age, and in Words borrowed a LONG vowel take s, as also all diminutives. from foreign languages take s, as bureaiis. The Dutch words ra^ via, and eega, ending in a long vowel, are in the plural raxts^ vheels; vlaas, custards; eegaas, spouses.
2. Nouns ending in e take n. Words ending in ie take s or n when the accent is not on ie, as provincies or provinci^n. They take en when ie has the accent e.g., m^hdieSn. Words ending in

e take en, as zee

zeeen.

3. All nouns ending in a hissing sound or in a diphthong take en, as huis (house), huizen, bakkerij (bakery), bakkerijen; also those ending in and, dam, eel, in, ing, ik, rik, schap, uw.

Words ending in or take s or en, as profestors or profesforen. Words ending in ier and eur take s when they denote persons, and en when they denote things, as portiers, door-keepers; portieren, coach-doors. Some words take either, as znoiis or zonen, sons; smida or smeden, smiths; gemaaU or gemalen, husbands.
4. When the final consonant of a noun is preceded by a short vowel, the consonant is doubled in the plural, as rat (f.), rat pi.

78
ratten except when the short vowel of the singular changes into a long vowel in the plural, as weg (m.), road pi. wegen.
;

changed into z, and the final / into V. This is always the case when these consonants are preceded by a long vowel, as haas (m.), hare pi. hazen; wolf {m..),
5.

The

final 5 in

many nouns

is

wolf

pi.

wolven.

6. Nouns ending in man and denoting a profession, change this into liedeji in the plural, as werkman (m.), workman pi. werklieden; Oranjeman, Noorman, hlindeman, as not denoting a profession, are in the plural Oranjemannen, Noormannen, blindemannen ; and those ending in heid change into heden, as scJioonheid (f.),

beauty
7.

pi.

schoonheden.
in the plural, as schip (n.),

Some nouns change their root vowel

ship

pi.

schepen

stad,

town

pi. steden.

8. There are many nouns having no plural, as in English, whilst others are used only in the plural thus,
;

(o)

Names

of materials

and most abstract nouns have no

plural

in Dutch.
(b)

Nouns denoting measure, weight, and number

;

are used in the Singular, although accompanied by plural numerals, but wichtjes, as tien voet lang, not tien voeten lang

maatjes, rijksdaalers,

stitivers,

kwartjes, cents.

Hij Ik

He has an income

heeft een inkovien van duizend gulden (collectively). of a thousand guilders, lieb hier drie guldens (singly).

I have three guilders here.

KoTE. 1. Some Neuter nouns take er before the plural-ending, and a few take er-en as well as er-s, as ei (sing.), eUren (pi.); hoen (sing.), Iioenderen or hoenders (pi.) The plural in eren is more sublime than that in Mijn woorden Ex., Hier zijn drie appels (Here are three apples). ers. waren als gouden appelen in zilveren schalen (Prov. xxv. 11). 3. The plural of vloo (f.), flea, is vlooien, and of koe (f.), cow, koeien.

Examples
De
vader, the father
;

of Declension.
;

de moeder, the mother

Singular.

het kind, the child.

Mas.

Fem,
de moeder der moeder de moeder de moeder
Plural.

N. de vader
G. des vaders

D. den vader A. den vader

Nent. het kind des kinds het kind het kind.

N. de vaders
G. der vaders D. den vaders A. de voders

de moeder der moeders

den moeders de moeders

de kinderen der kinderen den kinderen de kinderen.

74
Strong Declension. mouth een vrouio, a wife
;

Een mond,

e&n veld, a
Neut.

field.

Singular.
Mas. N. een mond G. eens vionds

Fem.
ee7ie
eetie

vrouw vrouw

een veld

D.

^n

(en)

A. een (eu)

mond mond

eener {eene) eene vrouw

Plural.

vrouw

eens velds een veld een veld.

N. m,onden
G. monden

D. 7no7iden
A. manden

vrouwen vrouwen vrouwen vrouwen

velden velden velden

velden.

Weak
Mas.

Declension.
Neut. hart, the heart

Singular.

N. de

bode, the

messenger

G. des hoden D. den hade A. den bode

Plural.

het des het het

harten hart
hart.

N. de boden, the messengers

G. der boden D. den boden A. de boden

de harten, the hearts der harten den harten de harten.

The Adjective.

(Het

bijvoeglijk

Naamwoord,J
57.

For list of Adjectives, see pp. 57 to 60;

Numerals, 54 to

The Adjective may be used good man, or as a predicate,

as an attribute, as de goede man, the as de man is goed, the man is good.

When used as a predicate and placed after a noun it is not declined, but retains the same form in all genders and numbers. As an attribute an adjective is declined as follows :
De
goede man, the good man;

de goede vrouw, the good woman

Singular.

het goede kind. the good child.

Mas. N. de goede man G. des goeden mans D. den goeden man A. den goeden man

Fem. de goede vrouw der goede vrouw de goede vrouw de goede vrouw
Plural.

Neut. het goede kind

des goeden kinds het goede kind het goede kind.

N. de goede mannen
G. der goede mannen D. den goeden mannen
A. de goede

mannen

de goede vrouwen der goede vrouwen den goeden vrouwen de goede vrouwen

de goede kvideren der goede kinderen den goeden kinderen de goede kinderen.

76
Not*. 1. Instead
of the masctUine and feminine genitive, van is generally used, as van den blinde (m.), of a blind man; van de blmde (t.), of ablind woman. In the neuter genitive van is always nsed, as van het goede. 2. If an article or a pronoun (not a personal pronoun) precedefl, th& adjective always has {e)n when the article or pronoun ends in 8 or n. 3. Adjectives not preceded by any word, or preceded by a word with indefinite signification, are not declined in the nominative and accusative neuter, as ieder nieuw huis, each new house. Adjectives pre4. The Superlatives and the Ordinal Numbers take e. ceding Masculine nouns drop the ending e in the nominative, dative if the quality refers to the and accusative, if they are used with eeii and profession, as een groote man, a tall man ; een groot man, a great man.

The following Adjectives are not declined:

(a)
(b)

Those ending in

er,

and derived from geographical names.

;

All adjectives of material ending in en but those ending in sch, like lakensch, duffelsch, and neteldoeksch, are declined.

(c)

Those ending in en.

(d)
(e)

The

adjectives rechter

and

linker.

All adjectives used as predicates or placed after the noun Also in phrases like e.g., God is goed, God Almachtig. Zoo groot eene opoffering, so great a sacrifice. (/) The comparatives, especially those of two, or more than two, syllables, as dapper dcr mannen, braver men uitvoeriger berichten, more detailed pieces of information.
;

Comparison
parative,
1.

of Adjectives.

There are three degrees of comparison and the Superlative.

the Positive,

the

Com-

2.

The Positive has no inflectional termination. The Comparative is formed by adding er to the r only is added when the adjective ends in e.

Positive

Note. 1. For the sake

of euphony Positives ending in r take d before er, as zwaar, heavy; zwaarder, heavier. 2. The Comparison of Equality is expressed by zoo...als, or even (even-

oo)...a?s, (just) as. ..as; e.g.,

even (zoo) vergenoegd als wij. He is (just) as contented as we. meer...dan, more 5. The Comparison of Superiority is expressed by ...than, or eerder...dan, rather than, or by the comparative only, followed
B.\i is

Ik hen zoo groot

als hij,

am as tall as he.

by dan e.g., HijismeeT handig dan geleerd. He is more clever than learned. This pupil is quick rather than Deze leerling is ecrder vlug industrious. dan vlijiig, John is taller than Peter. Jan is grooter dan Piet,
;

8.

The Superlative
groot, great
;

is

formed by adding

st to

the Positive, as

grootst, greatest.

Note.1.

the Positive ends in e this letter is dropped, as blijde, gay gayest. wija, wisewi/s*, 2. If the Positive ends in s or sch t only is added, as wisest frisch, treahfrischt, freshest.
If
blijflst,
;

76
S. The Superlative of Eminence is nsnally expressed by an adverb preceding the Positive, as uiterst klein, extremely small noogst gelukkig, most happy.
;

4. The Superlative is preceded by het when the highest quality predicated to an object under certain circumstances, as De Schelde is het breedst in The river Scheldt is broadest in Zeeland. Zeeland,

is

Adjectives which do not admit of comparison are those of those denoting the acme of a quality and mathematical qualities those ending in loos (such as vaderloos, fatherless) adjectives like bloedrood, blood-red, sneeuwwit, snow-white, &c. those which have an absolute signification, as rond, vierkant also geographical adjectives.
material
;
;

Irregular Comparison. comparison irregularly goed, good

;

The

following form their degrees of

best, best minst, least meest, most ergst, worst.
(1)

beter, better

weinig, little
veel,

much

kwaad, bad

minder, less meer, more erger, worse

Some

adjectives are used only attributively, as

those of material,

time, and place, like dagelijksch, boveitste; (2) those denoting the plnce where someone lives, as Amsterdamsch', (3) those which indicate the manner in which something takes place, as eene mondelhige boodschap. Other adjectives are used only predicately. Such are Bedacht, beducht,
:

behept, bestand, bijster, Tcwijt, wars, liandgemeen, leed.

The Pronoun.
1. 2.

{Het Voomaamwoord.)
:

There are seven divisions of Pronouns

Personal, Possessive.
4.

Interrogative. 5. Relative.

6. Indefinite.

7.

Determinative.

3.

Demonstrative.
I.

Personal Pronouns.
Singular.
3rd person. F.
eij (ee)

1st per.

2nd per.
Sing.

&

Plural
(Je)
(

M.
hij

N.

N.27.%

het
(zijns,
\

Uv
G. viijns
1

(mijner) j D. mij, to me A. mij, me

me

(uws,
(

zifns,

(
\

liaars,

uwer
jou u,Jou
u,
(je)
(je)

zijner hc7n {em, 'm) Jiem, (em, 'm)

harcr

haar haar

zijner het
het.

(ze, er)

Plural.
1st per.

M.

3rd person. P.
zij [ze)

N.
zij {ze)

N. wij (we) G. ons, onzer D. ons

A. cms

zij (ze)

huns, hunner haar, harer hun, ze haar {er)

hen, te

huns, hunner hun, ze

hen.
Me.

haar

{ze, er)

77
- Het " and its use. The names of inanimate objects in Dutch being often masculine or feminine, the pronoun referring to them must take their gender therefore the word it cannot always be rendered by het, as Hebt gij mijn hoed (m,) gezien ? Have you seen my hat ? Neen, ik heb hem niet gezien. No, I have not seen it. Hebt gij mijn boek (n.) ? Have you my book? Yes, I have it. Ja, ik heb het.
;

*"

The dative and accusative

of het,

when governed by

prepositions^
is

are always rendered by er, to which the preposition Het is ofben abbreviated to 't, as neein 7, take it.

appended.

Note. 1. In colloquial language ge, xve, me, and wij, mij, and zij. In conversation U is used
for the plural, as

ze are used instead of gryV for the singular as well as

U mij den weg wijzen ? Will you please show me the way ? In writing, gij is used in addressing friends in other cases U (uwe edelheid), with the verb in the 2nd person plural or 3rd person singular, as U hebt or U heeft. 3. The erenitives mijns, ons, uws, z^jns, hoars, occur in connection with zelfs, or geUjke only, as Hij en zijnx gelijken, he and persons like himself. Om hoars zelfs wil, for her own sake. 4. To emphasize the personal pronouns, the word zelf (sing.), pi. zelven^ is often added, as Ik zelf heb het gezi'en, I have seen it myself. Wij zelven hebben het gchoord, we have heard it ourselves. 5. The Personal pronouns are sometimes used instead of the Demonstrative, and often instead of the Correlative pronouns. (See p. 79.)
Wil
2.
;

Reflexive and Reciprocal Pronouns. The Dative and Accusative of the personal pronouns
as Reflexive Pronouns,

form

zich,

which

is

are used the third person having the Eeflexive used in the dative and accusative only for all

genders, singular and plural. Elkander [elkaar) and vialkander (malkaar), each other, are Reciprocal Pronouns, and take s in the Genitive the Dative and Accusative having the same form as the Nominative, as wij zullen elkander schrijven, we shall write to each other.
;

uw, thy or hun, their haar, her or their. They are used with or without a noun, and declined in the former case like mijn (except ons, which has the form onze in the nominative singular masculine).
:
;

Possessive Pronouns. The Possessive Pronouns are mijn, my ons, our

2.
;

your

zijn, his or its

Singular.

Plural
N.
(all

M.

F.

genders).

mijne mijn mijne mijner mijns mijner mAjnen mijn{en) mijne mijne. mijn mijne A. mijn{en) of mijne and mijnen, mijn is often used, as Ik roep mij7%Note.Instead broeder, I call my brother and mijiie is commonly pronounced as mijn.

N. mijn G. mijns D. mijn{en)

78

When

used substantively and preceded by an

:

article,

they are

declined as follows

Singular.

Plural
N.
het mijne van het mijne het mijne het mijne
(all

M.

P.

genders).

N. de mijne G. des mijnen D. den mijnen A. den mijnen

Note. l. Mijnen,
2.

de mijne der mijne de mijtie de mijne

de mijne der mijtie

den mijnen
de mijne.

Groet de uwen, remember me to your people. Often in Dutch the Definite Article is used when in English the possessive pronoun is used, as De otule man schiidde het hoofd, the old man shook his head.

zijnen, mven are used, when the plural of relations, friends, &c., as

no noun precedes them, In

3.

Demonstrative Pronouns.

Demonstrative pronouns maybe used substantively or adjectively. In the substantive form they are of the strong declension.

The articles dit, deze, this one, die or dat, gene, that, dezelfde, diezelfde, the same, are used substantively and adjectively. Zelve, Deze and die are inflected like the self, is used adjectively only. article de, dat like liet.
Deze and die are declined as follows:
Singular.

Plural
N. dit
{dezes),
(all

M. N. deze

F.

penders).

G. dezes D. dezen
A. dezen

deze dezer
deze{r)

van dit

deze dezer

UoTE.

deze The genitive of deze, used substantively,

(dezen), dit dit

is

dezen
deze.

always paraphrased.

Singular.

Plural
N.
(all

M.

F.

genders),

N.

die

G. diens

die dier
die{r)

dat
{diens),
{dien),

van dat

die dier

D. dien
A. dien

dat

dien
die.

die

dat
:

for the ITominative, for which gindsch is used gindsch huis, that house (yonder); gene huizen, those houses (yonder). The Genitive is paraphrased by vayi, the Dative by aan, which is also used with dit and dat, as van dien, van die, van dat, and van die, instead of the Genitives diens, dier, &c. Dezelfde, hetzelfde, diezelfde, datzelfde, used adjectively, are When used subinflected as an adjective preceded by an article. ;Btantively, they are declined like an adjective used substantively:
is

Gene

inflected like deze, but has

no singular form

Singular.

Plural
N. hetzelfde\
(all

M.

F.

genders).

N.

dezelfde G. deszelfden

D. denzelfden
A. denzelfden

dezelfde derzelfde dezelfde dezelfde

^,

hetzelfde hetzelfde J
j

^
^

,0

dezelfde derzelfde

denzelfden
dezelfde.

T9
for the neuter. For the i^ominasingular datgene is used. In the other eases it is declined an adjective used substantively. Zelve is placed after substantives and personal pronouns to strengthen their signification. The word zelf may be used invariably, as ik zelf, I myself. When it is declined, zelf is inflected as an adjective used substantively, but it has no Genitive form. Plural Singular.

Degene has no Genitive form

tiVe like

M.

N. zelf D. zelven
A. zelven

F. zelve zelve zelve

N.
zelve zelve zelve
is

(all

genders). zelve

zelven
zelve.

Sometimes a personal pronoun

tive, as

used instead of a demonstra-

Kent Neen
&c.,

gij

dien

officier ?

hem

niet, ivel

den andere.

Do you know that officer ? No not that one, but

;

the other.

CorrelatiYC Pronouns. The Demonstrative Pronouns degene, when connected with a Relative Pronoun, are termed Cor-

EELATivE Pronouns.

dat, wat, datgene, hetgeen,

They are degene, die or die, welke, and the Personal Pronouns hij, zij.
:

wie,

Interrogative Pronouns. There are four Interrogative Pronouns Wie ? (m. & f.) who ? applies to persons, and
4.
:

is

always used

substantively.

Wat

is used substantively and adjectively, and It is only used in the inanimate objects. Nominative and Accusative singular. In the other cases it is paraphrased by a preposition with the adverb waar i.e., instead of van wat, aan wat, in wat, Sec, waarvan, waaraan, waarin. &c., are used. Welk{e) ? which ? applies to persons and objects, used adjectively, and declined like a Possessive Pronoun. The genitive The strong undeclined is paraphrased by van (see under). form Welk? is used in the nominative and accusative
?

(n.)

what ?

applies to

singular of the masculine when one asks after a person in The weak form welke? (Ace, his dignity or profession. welhen ?) asks after the name of a person. Hoedanige ? what kind of ? This is somewhat obsolete, and the combination of wat voor een ? (een only being declined) what sort is frequently used, as Wat voor een man is hij ?

is

of

man

he

instead of Hoedanig een man

as follows
Plural.
(both genders).
:

is hij f

The Interrogatives are declined

Singular. F. M.

Singular.
N.

N.
G. D.
A.,

Who? of whom? whom? whom?

wie? wiens? wien? wien?

wie?
{wier?)

wie? wie?

wie? wier? wien? wie?

wat? of what? waarvan f to what? waaraan? what? watf

What?

80
Singular.

Plural
N.
?

M.

F.

(all

genders).
f

N. Which? welk{e) ? G. of which? van welken ? D. to which? welken ? welken? A. which?

welke ? van welke welke ? welke?

welk ? van welk welk 9 welk?

welke ? van welke

welken welke?

Examples

Welken (m.) man bedoelt gij ? Which man do you mean ? Welke (n.) boeken hebt gij gekocht ? Which books did you buy? The English interrogation, "What is your name?" is sometimes rendered in Dutch by Hoe heet gij ?
Instead of welk, wat voor een Wat man zou dat doen
5.
(or
?

simply wat) oan be used

Relative Pronouns. The Relative Pronouns are die, who dat, that welk, which and must agree with their antecedents in gender, number, and person. Die is declined thus
;
; :

Singular.

Plural.
N.

M.

F.

N.

G. of

Who whom

die

die

dat

(aU genders). die

wiens

D. to
A.

whom whom

wien
dien, wien

wier wie die, wie

waarvan
dat dat

wier

wien
die, wie.

In the accusative wien and wie are used with a proposition only, in all other cases die and dat, as De heer met wien, de dame The gentleman with whom, the lady with wJiom I travelled. mt wie ik reisde.
as

In speaking of a woman, welke is sometimes used instead of Het is die, welke ik zocht, it is she whom I was looking for.

die^

The genitive masculine welks seldom refers to persons. nominative and accusative is welk when used adjectively. The Relative Pronoun can never be omitted
done in English.

The
is

in Dutch, as I love.

De vriendin
6.

die ik

liefJieb.

The

friend

(whom)

Indefinite Pronouns.

The principal

Indefinite

Pronouns are

*mn, one, they, people.

s in the genitive), someone, somebody. *niem,and (takes s in the genitive), no one, nobody. *iets, something, anything; *niets, nothing; een, one; zcker, certain (only used adjectivally) geen, none *ee7i iegelijk, iedereen, elkeen or een ieder, everybody, everyone. *elkander or malkander, each other, one another (may take 5 in the genitive).

*iemand (takes

81
The following are sometimes used as nouns, when referring only which case they take n in the nominative, dative, and accusative cases : alle, all sommige, some eenige, some
;
; ;

to persons, in

vele,

many

weinige, few

ettelijke,

sundry.

Note.

1,

Pronouns marked

leder, elk, adjectivally.

2.

* may only be used substantively. everyone, everybody, can be used substantively or

3.
4.

ledereen and elTceen are invariable.

iegelijTe, een ieder, ieder, and elk have no plural, and in the Genitive singular take a \rhen used substantively.

Een

Numerals.
The Numerals, most
Cardinal Numbers
twee, &c.
of

(Telwoorden.)
special kind of adjective,

which are a

are divided into several classes.

(see

page 54) denote simple numbers, as een,

geen,

Note.1. Een and the negation

like

when

joined to a noun, are declined

the Indefinite Article.

2. Beide, both, is declined like the Definite Article ; if preceded by a defining word it is declined like an AdjecMve. 3. Millioen, billioen, trillioen, milliard are Neuter substantives* plural with en. 4. Honderd and duizend, when not preceded or followed by a numeral, are also substantives ; plural en. 5. The real Cardinal Numbers are indeclinable, except when used substantively, as twee vieren, two fours. 6. Honderd, if preceded by another numeral, is written with the preceding number in one word, as tweehonderd ; but not duizend, aa vier duizend.

of a series,

Ordinal Numbers (see page 65) denote numbers as forming parts and are formed from the Cardinals by adding de from 2-19, and ste from 20 upwards.

Exceptions: Eerste,
is

achtste.

Instead of driede, derde

used.
" and "the ' the former laatste, respectively, or deze

Note. 1.

The Ordinals are declined like adjectives. When referring to two persons or objects,
latter " are translated and gene.
2.

by de

eerate
:

and de

The Date

is

translated thus

De

twee en twiyitigste April, the 22nd

of April.
3.

Distinctives are formed from the Ordinals by prefixing the word

ten, as ten derde, thirdly.

4. MuiiTrPLicATiVES are formed by adding voud to the Cardinal numbers, as tweevoud, twofold, and are used substantively only. To form an adjective or an adverb from these words, ig must be added, as

tweevoudig.
6.

NuMBEBS OF Bbpetition
keer, or
;

maal,
twice

are adverbs which are formed by adding werf to the Cardinal numbers, as eenmal, once tweekeer,
;

driewerf, thrice, &c.

6. Pbactional Numbebs are formed by the suffix de, except half, half (one-half , en ?ia?/), as een derde, ane-thixdi; een vier de, one-tomfh. When half is used as an adjective, it is placed after the article, as een half uur, half-an-hour.

Dutch Self-Taught

82

Yerbs.*

{Werkwoorden.)

Auxiliary Verbs.

The Dutch language has four Auxiliary Verbs

Zijn or Wezen, to be. Hebben, to have.

Worden, to become. Zullen, will or shaU.

Hebben, to have.

Infinitive Present.

Zyn, Wezen,

to be

Worden, to be (become)
Perfect.

geweest zijn, to have been

zijnde, being

geworden zijn, to have been

Present Participle.

gehad hebben, to have had.

hebbende, having.

wordende, being
Past Participle.

geweest,

been

geworden,

been

gehad,

had.

Indicative Mood.f
Present.

ik ben,
hij is

am

ik word,
hij
gij
zij

I ajn

ik heb,
hij lieeft

I have

wordt

wij zijn
gij zijt
zij zijn

wij worden

wij hebben
gij hebt
zij

wordt worden
Imperfect.

hebben.

ik was,
hij

was

ik werd,
hij

was

ik had,
hij

had

was wij waren

gij
zij

werd wij werden

gij
zij

had vnj hadden

gij
zij

waart

waren

werdt werden

hadt hadden.

ik ben geweest,
I

have been
j

Past or Perfect Definite. ik ben geworden, ik heb gehad, I have had I have been
hij is
\

hij is
gij zijt
zij zijn

hij heeft

rd^^^st
)

zij zijn

'

zij liebben

Pluperfect.

ik

was geweest, I had been hij was \

waren
*
t

zij

was geworden, I had been hij was wij waren geworden gij waart zij waren
ik

ik had gehad, I had had

hij

had

zij

hadden

For list of Verbs, see pp. 60-64. In conjogating the verbs, the 2nd pars. sing, Imperatiye, as xmneceBsary.

is

omitted, except in the

88
Future Indefinite. ik zal worden, I shall be
hij zal

ik zal zijn, I shall be hij zal \ ivij zullen ^^^^ gij zult f zij zullen ]
I

ik zal hebben, I shall have hij zal \

wij zullen
-

gij zult
zij

worden

^^J^uUenL^
gij zult zij

zullen

zullen

>

ik zal gaweest zijn,

I shall

have been

Future Perfect. ik zal geworden zijn, I shall have been

Present Conditional. ik zou worden,
I should be hij zou \

ik zal gehad hebben, I shall have had.

ik zou{de) zijn, I should be

hij zou{de)
\

ik zou{de) hebben, I should have

hij

zou

wij zouden [ gij zoudt r*-^^

zij

wij zouden ^^^^^^^ gtj zoudt

zij

wij zouden gij zoudt

zij

;^^^^
'

zouden

zouden

'

zouden

Past Conditional.
ik zoud{e) geweest zijn, ik zou geworden zijn, ikzou{de) gehadhebben, I should have been I shouid have had I should have been

Sing. Plur.

wees I be (thou) weest 1 be (you)

Imperative Mood. word! be (thou) wordtl be (you)

heb
hebt

I !

have (thou) have (you)

Subjunctive Mood.
Present.

ik

zij,

that I

may

be

ik worde, that I

may

hij zij

wij zijn
gij zijt
zij zijn

worde wij worden gij worde zij worden

hij

ik hebbe, that I [be hij hebbe

may
[have

wij hebben gij hebbe zij hebben.

Imperfect.

ik ware, that I
hij

might be

ik werde, that I might be

ik hadde, that I might

have

ware wij waren

gij
zij

waret

waren

werde wij werden gij werde t zij werden

hij
Perfect.

hadde wij hodden gij haddet zij hodden.

hij

ik hebbe gehad, ik zij geweest, ik zij geworden, that I may have been that I may have been that I may have hij hebbe hij zij \ hij zij 'I wij hebben wij zijn "^'^'T;} geworden gehad. ^ gij hebbet gij zijt U''^'''^ gij zijt sij zijn f zij hebben zij zijn '
.
I I

had

-'

G9

84
Pluperfec*.

ik ware geweest, that I might have been

xk ware geworden, that

I

ik Tiadde gehad, that

I
hij
gij

hy ware \ ^^warenl

hij
,

might have been ware \

waret

might have had

hadde
haddet
\

gijwaret t^^^^^^t

^Vwarenl geworden "

gvj

wijhaMenl
zij

^^ y""^"

zij

waren

'

hadden

ZulUn,
Infinitive Present.

shall, will.

zullen.
Indicative Present.

Present Participle. zullende.

Subjunc. Imperf. j ik zoude, I should
hij zoude wij zouden gij zoudet zij zouden.
^''

ik zal, I shall
hij zal,

Imperfect. ik zou{de), I should hij zou{de)

'^"

wij zulien
gij zult
zij

wij zouden gij zoudt

zij

zullen

zouden

The other tenses are wanting.

tences with

The Dutch past participle must always be placed at the end in sencompound tenses Hij is koning geweest, he has been king. The auxiliary verb of compound tenses comes last when, in dependent
:
:

clauses, the verb is placed at the end of the clause Ik geloof, dat hij hier getoeest is, I believe he has been here. In compound tenses the participle or adjective must be placed directly after the verb, as Hij is gestraft geworden, he has been punished. The intransitive verb warden, to become, is conjugated in the same manner as warden, to be.

CONJUGATION OF VERBS.
Dutch Regular Verbs
are divided into

Past Participle. Weak Verbs have no vowel change, their past participle being formed by adding d or < to the root, and that of Strong Verbs by adding en to the root. The InfinitiYe of all verbs is formed by adding en to the root. The Ist person of Present Indicative is the stem of the verb.
NoTB. ^1.

Weak and

Strong.

When the root ends In a double consonant, both consonants are written before e alone iu all other cases only one is written. 2. The 1st person singular has the same form as the root. S. The 2ud person in all tenses of a verb always ends in t. 4. The 1st and 3rd person plural always end in en. Exceptions :; 5. The 3rd person Present Indicative always ends in t. hij kan, he can ; hij zal, he will he will, he wants hij is, he is ; hif
;
;

mag, he may.
6. The past participle takes ge, except with verbs which begin with the prefixes be, ge, er, her, ont, and ver, when they are inseparably compotmded with an adverb. The root of the verb then has the accent.

All
loot,

Weak Verbs. weak verbs form the Imperfect Indicative by adding de and the Past Participle by adding d.

to th*

85
k, p, t, s, sch, d and de change into t and te. Should the root end in d or ^ no extra d or t is added in the past participle:<ioo(Jen (to kill), gedond but doodde; pfaten {to talk), g6-

When the root ends in ch, f,

vraat hut praatte.

the final consonant of the root is or/, it changes into z or the infinitive, as vreezen, to fear; root vreea (not vreez). leven, to live; leef (notleev). The 3rd person singular of the Imperfect Indicative has the same form as the 1st. The 1st and 3rd person plural are formed by adding den or ten to the
ai

When

root.

Antwoorden,
Infinitive Present.

to answer.
Perfect.

Antwoorden, to answer.
Present Participle.

geantwoord hebhen, to have answered.

Past Participle.

antwoordende, answering.
Indicative Mood.
Present.

geantwoord, answered.

Imperfect.

Perfect.

ik antwoord,
I answer hij antwoordt

ik antwoordde, I answered
hij

antwoordde

ik heb geantwoord, I have answered hij heeft \

wij antwoorden
gij
ij

antwoordt antwoorden.
Pluperfect.

wij a/ntwoordden gij antwoorddet zij antwoordden.

Future Indefinite.
ik zal antwoorden, I shall answer.

zij

hebben

ik

had geantwoord, I had answered.

Future Perfect. ik zal geantvjoord hebben^ I shall have answered.

Pres. Conditional.

ik zou{de) antwoorden, I should answer.

Past Conditional. ik zoude geani/woord hebben, I should have answered.

Subjunctive Mood.
Present.

Imperfect.

ik antwoorde, that I may answer

ik antwoordde, that I might

hij

answer

antwoorde wij antwoorden

hij
gij
zij

antwoard{e)t antwoorden.
Perfect.

antwoordde wij antwoordden gij antwoorddet ij antwoorden.

Pluperfect.

ik hebbe geantwoord, that I may have answered.

Pres. Conditional.

ik hadde geantwoord, that I might have answered.

ik zoude antwoorden, that I should answer.

Past Conditional. ik zoude geantwoord hebben,

that I should have answered.

Imperative Mood. PL, antwoordt I answer (you)l Sing., antwoordt answer (thou)
I

86
The Negative form
is like that of English auxiliary yerbs I do not answer. ik antivoord niet,

The Interrogative form corresponds

auxiliaries
:

also to that of English

?

antwoard ik?

do I answer
?

The Negative-Interrogative form:

antwoord ik niet

do I not answer ?

Strong Verbs.
strong verb forms its past tense by a change in the radical vowel without any termination, and the past participle by the termination en and sometimes by a change of the radical vowel, as geven, to give gaf, gave gegeven, given.
; ;

stelen, to steal

stal,

stolen

gestolen, stolen.

be seen, the personal endings in the strong conjugation are the same as those of the weak. In conjugating a strong verb, the Infinitive, the singular of the Imperfect Indicative, and the Past Participle must be known. All other tenses are formed like those of a weak verb, with the exception of the Imperfect Subjunctive, which is formed from the plural of the Imperfect Indicative, as wij gaven, ik {hij) gave. The 3rd person plural Imperfect Subjunctive and Imperfect Indicative
will

As

are alike.

Geven,
Present. ik geef, I give hij geeft

to give.

Indicative Mood.
Imperfect. ik gaf, I gave hij gaf
Perfect.

ik heb gegeven,
hij heeft
\

have

[given

wij geven
gij geeft zij geven

wij gaven gij gaaft zij gaven.

Future Indefinite.
ik zal geven, I shall give.

wij hebben [ \9e9even. gijhebt zij hebben

'

Pluperfect.

ik had gegeven, I had given.

Future Perfect. ik zal gegeven hebben, I shall have given.

Past Conditional. ik zou{de) gegeven liebben, I should have given.

Pres. Conditional. ik zou{de) geven, I should give.

Subjunctive Mood.
Present, ik geve, (that) I
Perfect.

Imperfect.

may

give.

ik gave, (that) I
Pluperfect.

might

give.

ik hebbe gegeven, (that) I may have given.

Pres. Conditional.

ik hadde gegeven, (that) I might have given.

ik zotide geven,
(that) I should give.

Past Conditional. ik zoude gegeven hebben. (that) I should have given*

Imperative Mood.
Sing., geeft give (thou)
PI., geeft! give (you)
I

87
Classes of Strong Verbs. The strong verbs may be divided into seven classes, according to the vowel change. When these changes are known the conjugation is like that of a weak verb, and presents no difficulty.
1st Class. have in the present tense e or , followed by Z, m, w, or r with another consonant this second consonant may be the same as the first, or may be different. In the singular and plural of the Imperfect and in the Past Participle they have short o. Ex.

The verbs

of

the

first

class

Infinitive.

Imperfect.
... ...

Past Part.

beginnen, to begin ... bergen, to hide

hegon horg

begonnen
geborgen.

verbs helpen (to help), bederven (to spoil), sterven (to die), werpen (to throw), werven (to recruit), and zwerven (to wander) change o into ie in the Imperfect thus bedorven. ... ... ... ... bederven ... bedierf
;

N.B.

The

2nd Class.
followed by

the present tense a long e, The singular of the k. Imperfect has a short a, the plural a long a, the Past Participle a long 0. Ex. bevolen. beval bevelen, to order

The verbs

of this class have in a liquid consonant or

:

by

The following

deviate from the vowel-change in this class

komen, to come zweren, to swear scTierew, to shave

kwam
...
...

gekomen
gezworen
geschoren.

zwoor
schoor

3rd Class. In this class the verbs have in the present tense and in the Past Participle a long e, followed by a single consonant (except I, m, n, r, and fe), in the singular of the Imperfect a short a, and in the plural of the Imperfect a long a. Ex.
:

lezen, to read geven, to give

...

"

las

...

...

gaf

gelezen gegeven.

N.B.

Bidden

(to pray), liggen (to lie),

and

zitten (to sit)

have

instead of e in the Infinitive

Mood and

in the present tense.

4th Class.
Verbs of this class have in the ee, and in the Past Participle e. ... belijden, to confess bezwijken, to succumb ... bijten, to bite
hijgen, to

present tense

ij,

in the Imperfect

Ex.

beleed

beleden

bezweek
beet

bezweken
gebeten.

{A(m)tijgen, to impute; bezwijmen, to swoon; grijnen. to fret; pant krijschen, to shriek stijven, to encourage prijzm, Krijgen, to get stijven, to make stifi to state a price, are weak. (e.g., linen) ; and prijzen, to praise, are strong.
;
; ;

88
5th CliABS. Verbs in this class have in the present tense ie or ui, in the eingiilar of the Imperfect oo, in the plural of the Imperfect and in the Past Participle o. Ex.
:

bedriegen, to cheat bieden, to oSer buigen, to bend ...

...

...

bedroog bood boog

bedrogen geboden. gebogen.

Schuilen, to hide, and zieden, to boil, are weak or strong. Klieven, to cleave, is weak kluiven, to gnaw, is strong. Jagen, to hunt, and vragen, to ask, have a weak and a strong Imperfect, but a weak
;

Past Participle.

6th Class.

The verbs
Ex.

of this class

Participle a long a,

have in the present tense and in the Past and in the Imperfect singular and plural oe.
droeg groef

:
dragen, to carry graven, to dig

gedragen
gegraven.

Lachen, to laugh, has a weak Imperfect, as also laden, to load (Imp. laadde), and malen, to grind (Imp. nuialde).

7th Class. In this class the verbs have the same vowel in the present tense and in the Past Participle. In the Imperfect, a short or long t Ex. (*, ie). geblaeen blazen, to blow blies
:

braden, to roast

braadde

gebraden.

Irregular Verb*.
breken, to break brengen, to bring denken, to think doen, to do... dunken, to think durven, to dare gaan, to go hebben, to have koopen, to buy
..
.. ..

... ...
... ...

brak
bracht

dacht
deed, deden* docht durfde or dorst ging

gebroken gebracht gedacht

geduan
...

..

... ...
... ...

...

gedacht gedurfd

had
kocht kon, konden

gegaan gehad
gekocht

...
...

kunnen, can
moeten,

gekund
gemoeten

must

...

moest

mogen, to be allowe d ... plegen, to be accustc)med... staan, to stay ...

wet en, to

mocht
placht stond wist wilde OT
zfig

gemoogd

know

...
...

willen, will zien, to see eoeken, to seek zijn, to be zullen, shall

*

wou

gestaan geweten gewild

gezien gezocht geweest

...

...
...
...

eocht

was, waren zou, zouden

Separate forms for singular and plnxal.

See other instances below.

89

Compound Verbs.
Verbs are compounded with certain prefixes, which are either separable or inseparable from the verbs. Inseparable when the verb is compounded with a substantive, another verb (in which case the first verb drops the n), an adjective, or one of the adverbs door, mis, om, onder, over, voor, which are not accented and do not take ge in the Past Participle. Ex. Past Participle, geliefkoosd liefkoozen, to caress
:

handhaven, to maintain

gehandhaafd.

These compounds are all weak, even if the verb itself should be strong and take ge in the Past Participle. Verbs compounded with the adjective vol (full) are inseparable, and do not take ge in the Past Participle, as Het is volbrachty it is
finished.

Separable applies to compound verbs of which each part may be used in its original signification. These verbs are compounded with a substantive, an adjective, or an adverb. The last have the accent on the adverb. The verb has its proper conjugation, and the prefix ge is placed before the verb, as paardrijden, to ride on horseback ik rijd paard ik reed paard ik heb paardge^-eden.
:

Verbs compounded with the inseparable prefixes be, ge, ont, and ver do not take ge in the Past Participle, as behouden, to retain Past Part., behouden
:

er, her,

gelooven, to believe geloofd erkennen, to acknowledge erkend herinneren, to remember herinnerd onthouden, to remember onthouden ; verbranden, to burn verbrand.
;
;

Compound
voor,
(a)

verbs with the prefixes door, mis, om, onder, over,

these prefixes,

and weder are either separable or inseparable.

When

them, are used in their

and the simple verbs united with full and original meaning, the
;

compound verbs are separable takes the accent.

(&)

in this case the prefix

When

Thus:

these prefixes have lost their original meaning, the verbs are inseparable and the verb takes the accent. De rciziger heeft den geheelen nacht dooi '-gereisd.

The traveller has travelled all night. De reiziger heeft het geheele continent cZoor-reisd', The traveller has travelled through the whole country. When the clause is a principal sentence and the verb is in a
simple tense the prefix is placed at the end, as Oa met mij uit, go out with me. When beginning with a Relative Pronoun or a subordinating conjunction, the prefix keeps its place before the verb, the verb being placed at the end, as Ik wou wilde, dat hij terugkwam. I wish he would return.
:

90
Reflective Verbs.
Eeflective Verbs are frequent in Dutch, and besides their subject they always take a Reflective Pronoun of the same person and number as their subject, the pronoun usually being in the Accusative, as Ik Jierinner mij, I remember.

Note.

l.

Some

verbs take the Reflective Pronoun in the Dative, as

Hij geeft zich moeite, he gives himself trouble. 2. Some Reflective Verbs are rendered in English by a Passive Verb, aa zich sclicumen over, to be ashamed of zich vergissen, to be mistaken.
;

verbs reflective in Dutch are not so in English, as zich a.nmatigen, to assume zich baden, to bathe.
3.
;

Some

All Reflective Verbs are conjugated with the assistance of the auxiliary hebben, as Ik heb mij herinnerd, I have remembered.

Impersonal Verbs.
Impersonal Verbs are conjugated only in the 3rd person singular with the neuter pronoun het. There are some verbs as lieugen, to remember, spijten, to be sorry which only seem to be impersonal, but which really are personal. When one says Het spijt mij, dat gij ziek zijt, the real

subject

is

dat

gij ziek zijt,

and

het is only the substituting subject.

GENERAL NOTES ON THE VERBS.

A
verb always agrees with
its

subject in

number and

person.

in English by the Present Participle with the Auxiliary Verb to be is not used in Dutch hence ** I read," '* I am reading;" are rendered in Dutch by Ik lees.
;

The conjugation

In like manner, the conjugation which, in all its tenses, represents a future action does not exist in Dutch so that such a phrase as " I am about to write," is translated Ik gajuist schrijven.
;

The Gerund

(as earing, reading, writing) is

rendered in Dutch by
erring
is

the Infinitive used as a noun, as Dwalen

is menscJielijk,

human. With Imperatives, and

in negative interrogative sentences, the

It

English auxiliary verb to do is not translated in Dutch. rendered by tocJi in Imperatives, as Schrijf mij tech. Do write to me.

can be

The use
If is

of the Infinitive differs tn many respects from the English. a verb is named, it does not take the particle te (to) as in English, but simply rendered in Dutch thus gaan, to go; lezen, to read, &c.
:

In some phrases the Infinitive takes the place of the Present Participle in English, as Ik zag hem loopen, I saw him running.

The
is

particle te is used with the Infinitive when a purpose or intention indicated, and strengthened by the addition of om, as De mensch leeft niet om te eten, maar hij eet om te leven. Man does not live to eat, but he eats to live.

Te is also used when the Infinitive expresses the object to which action. &c., is directed, as Ik wensch htm te Mien, I wish to see him.

an

91

Adverbs.

(Bijwoorden.)
s,

Adverbs are formed by adding lijk, lijks, lings, e, ens, pjes, tjes, kens, gewijze, waarts to a noun or adjective, as
etgen, proper, dag, day,

jes^

kort, short,
ver, far, minst, least,

recht, right,
zoet, soft,

eigenlijk, properly dagelijks, daily; kortelings, shortly; op verre na, by far minstens, at least rechts, to the right, zoetjes, softly

warm, warm,
stil,

warmpjes, warmly
stilletjes, silently

silent,

sacht, soft, trap, degree,

zachtkens, softly. trapsgewijze, by degrees.

Some adverbs, like adjectives, admit of comparison (see page 75), as Hij schrift goed, zijn zuster het&>', doch zijn broeder het best, he writes well, his sister better, but his brother best.
Some words ending in lijk are adjectives, and are used as adverbs without changing their form, such as eerlijk, honest heerlijk, delightful weekelijk, delicate, &c. Words ending in lijks are adverbs, those ending
;

in lijksch are adjectives.

Several adverbs are formed from nouns by adding s, as links, on the daags, by day. ; Adverbs of manner or of time are always placed after the verb, as Hij leest nooit couranten, he never reads newspapers.
left

Adverbs
af,

of

place are

downwards

keen en weer, to
fro links, to the left

ergens, son^e where ginder, ginds, there, thither keen, henen, away

and

thuis, at home ver far, far off

na, nabij, near

op,

waar, where wijd en zijd, far

upwards

and wide.
gedurig, continually

Adverbs

of

time are

aanstonds, directly
altijd, altoos, steeds,

always

lang, long
ooit,

ever

doorgaans, generally
(For
list

vroeger ^^^'^^^^l
see pp..64r-68.)

formerly.

Conjunctions.
verb.

(Voegwoorden.)

Conjunctions have great influence upon the position of the They are divided into three classes: Co-ordinatb, Subordinate, Adverbial.
(a) Co-ordinate join words or sentences which are independent they are en, and doch, but &c. of each other The following do not alter the construction :En, and ; eohter, but, however; maar, but; of, or; want, for; zoowel...als, both.. .and.
; ;

(&) SuboFdinate connect clauses and sentences, one of which is dependent on the other. Simple as well as Compound subordinate conjunctions relegate the verb to the end of the clause.

92
When the first clanse of a compound sentence begins with a simple subordinate conjunction, then the principal second clause begins with the verb, and the subject follows it, as Voordat de slag begon, zongen de soldaten vroolijk. Before the battle began the soldiers sang merrily.
Simple Subordinates are
; :

aangezien, daar, as, since als, as, when hoe, how dat, that eer, voordat, before
;
;

als of, as &c., &o.

if

Correlative Subordinates are

aang&nmnen, gesteld, or verondersteld (dat), supposing (that); al...nog, even if; als...maar, provided (that)
5ro?wier...da^,

behalve...dat, besides; om...te, in order to; opdat...niet, lest; without 000... cZa^, so that ; &c, &c.
; ,

(c) AdYerbial require the subject to follow the verb, instead of preceding it, as Buitendien had hij vele vrienden, besides he had

many

friends.

The following

and require inversion

adverbial conjunctions are treated like adverbs, of the clause behalve, besides dus, thus bijgevolg, consequently echter, evenwel, however niet alleen...maar, not only bovendien, buitendien,
:

besides, moreover daarom, therefore

dientengevolge, accordingly

niet slechts...ma/ir, but also noch...noch, neither... nor of... of, either... or.

Note. All interrogative adverbs have in indirect questions the force of Relative Conjunctions; the verb therefore requires to be placed at the end of the clause.
(For
list

see pp. 64-68.)

Prepositions.

(Voorzetsds.)

All Prepositions govern the Accusative, with the exception of te, which, in some ancient expressions, takes the Dative after it, as Te goeder trouw, in good faith te elfder ure, very late, almost too late ten huize van, in the house of. In such cases also some other Prepositions govern the Dative, as In den beginne, in the beginning ; van goeden huize, of gentle birth bij monde van, by the words of onder eede, upon oath met dien verstande, under conditions; uit hoofde van, on account of. Nearly all Prepositions are used in the same way as adverbs. (For Prepositions in general use see pp. 64-68.)
; ;
;

Interjections.
Interjections express
:

{Tussckenwerps^eU.)

Imitations of Sounds,, such as Boem I plof ! plomp ! TcriTc I krak ! paf ! paf 1 &c. Jot and Surprise: ha! heisal hoezeel vivatl lie! hei! holla! Grief and Pain ach ! ai, ou ! och ! helaas! o wee ! Doubt ei ! ei ei ! wel ! hm ! Abhorrence : aba ! ba ! foei !
: :

NOTB. Expressions such

as lieve hemeU (good gracious 1), goede hemelt (good heavens !), &c., are sometimes used as interjections, sJthough they are whole sentences or substantives in the vocative.

98

U5EFUL AND NECESSARY IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS AND PHRASES.

{Eigenaardige Uitdrukfangen en Spreekwijzen.)
English.

Dutch.

Pronunciation,

If

you please

Als het u belief

a(h)lss het eu be(r)leeft

Dank u No, thank you Have the goodness Wees zoo goed Zeer verplicht Much obhged
Yes, sir (miss)

da(h)nk eu wayss zoh ^oo't

zayr
(juf- yah,
ferplic/jt

Ja,

mijnheer

meynhayr

(yuf-

No, madam Allow me Bring (send)

me

frouw) Neen, mevrouw Vergun mij Breng (zend) mij

frow)

nayn me(r)frow
fer^un

mey mey

breng (zent)

Excuse

me Give me Tell me
Will you tell me? Does anyone here speak English ?

niet kwa- naym mey neet kwah[le(r)k [lijk ga^ji mey Geef mij Wees zoo goed mij wayss zoh^oo't mey te(r)

Neem mij

te

zeggen

ze^r'^en

iemandj die iss heer eema(h)nt de& eng-e(r)lss spraykt? Engelsch spreekt? I should like to Ik zou u willen ik zow eu wille(r)n speak to you sprayken spreken What can I do for Wat kan ik voor u wa(h)t ka(h)n ik fohr eu you? doon? doenf You are too kind Qij zijt te goed ^ey zeyt te(r) ^roo't Please take a seat Ga zitten, als H u ^ah zitten, a(h)lss't eu
Is hier

belieft

be(r)leeft

What do you want ? Wat What do you mean? Wat

wa(h)t ferla(h)ngt ^ey ? wa(h)t bedoolt ^ey ? bedoelt gij ? I believe (think) so Ik geloof (vermoedj ik ^e(r)lohf (fermoot) het wel het wel I believe (think) not Ik geloof van neen ik ^e(r)lohf fa(h)n nayn What do you say ? Wat zegt gij ? wa(h)t ze^t grey ? I have no objection Ik ben er niet tegen ik ben er neet tay^en
verlangt gij ?
[to it

your pardon What did you ask? It does not matter Never mind What is the matter?
I beg

pa(h)rdo(h)n wa(h)t hoogi gey ? Het doet er niets toe het doot er neets too Het komt er niet op het komt er neet op ahn\aan wa(h)t iss er ? Wat is er ?

Pardon

Wat

vroegt gij ?

94
English.

Dutch.

Pronunciation.

I understand
I

Ik versta
het

(ik begrijp^ ik ferstah [ik be(r)^reyp]

het
niet

do not understand Ik versta het Make haste Haast u wat Maak voort! Come along Take care Pas op
Listen
I

ik ferstah het neet

hahsst

eii

wa(h)t

mahk
[hier
!

Oome in Go away

here
1

Luister Kom hinnen

fohrt I pa(h)ss op ! loysster

kom binnen
^ah
wec/t

heer

This way

That way Too soon, Very well It snows

It freezes,

late

weg Deze weg hierheen Die weg, daarheen Te game, laat

J

Ga

dayze(r) wec/i, heerhayn dee wec/i, dahrhayn laht te(r) ^ow,

Heel goed

thaws

It is very dirty

Het sneeuwt Het vriest, dooit Het is erg vuil

Is het glad ?

hayl ^oo't het snay'wt

het freesst, doh'it het iss ercA foyl iss het 5rla(h)t ?

Is it slippery ? I nearly fell Do you think it will rain? I am afraid so It is very windy

[len

Ik ben lijna gevallen ik ben beynah ge(r)fa(h)lGelooft u, dat het ^e(r)lohft eu da(h)t het
zal

gaan regenen?

za(h)l

^ahn ray^^e(r)nen?

Ik

het wah'it emch wa(h)t iss het kowt It is very cold, warm Het is erg ko ud, warm het iss erc^ kowt, wahrm We must have afire Wijmoesten het vmir wey moostG(r)n het feur aanleggen ahnle^^^en It is dark Het is donker het iss donker It will soon be dark Het spoode(r)cA zal spoedig het za(h)l donker zijn donker zeyn It is a fine day Het is een mooie dag het iss ayn moh'i-e(r) [da(h)c/* Of course Natuurlijk nahteurle(r)k On the contrary Integendeel intay/yendayl After all Bij nader inzien bey nahder inzeen The other day Verleden, onlangs ferlayden, onla(h)ngs Between ourselves Ondei' ons gezegd onder onss gQiv)zQgt

How

cold

it is

van wel Het waait erg Wat is het koud

vrees

ik frayss fa(h)n wel

Everybody knows ledereen weet That is of no con- Dat beteekent

sequence
I

eederayn wayt
niets

remember

it

da(h)t be(r)tayke(r)nt neets Ik herinner het mij ik herinner het mey

Plotseling

All at once

plotsse(r)ling

95
English.

Dutch.

Pronunciation.

Leave

You You

me alone are joking are right

Laat mij met

rust

laht

mey met

russt

Gij schertst Gij hebt gelijk

af\

Don't be angry That depends

So much

Wees niet boos Dat hangt er van the more Zooveel te meer
heart Van ganscher

^ey scAertst ^ey hebt ^e(r)leyk wayss neet bohss [a(h)f

da(h)t ha(h)ng't er fa(h)n zohfayl te(r) mayr

With

all

my

liarte

fa(h)n
te(r)

gahnsge(r) hahrde(r) sta(h)t

^aht ^ey er^enss hayn ? nahr bohfen Down stairs nahr be(r)nayden Naar beneden I am in a hurry ik heb er^e(r) hahst Ik heb erge haast Where have you Waar komt gij van- wahr komt ^ey fa(h)n-

I am going to town Ik ga naar de stad Are you going any- Gaat gij ergens Up stairs [where? Naar boven [keen

ik

^ah nahr

come from ? Don't go away I shall go home On horseback Neither do I That is j ust like you

daan /
weg Ik zal naar huis Te paard [gaan Ik evenmin Dat is net iets voor u
niet
is

Ga

dahn ? g&h neet wec^ ik za(h)l nahr hoyss ^ahn

te(r)

pahrt

ik ayfe(r)nmin

neet la(h)ng ^e(r)layden ik kom eu zeg'gen She is always well Zij is altijd goed zey iss a(h)lteyt ^foo't [dahn dressed ^e(r)klayt [done [daan gekleed No sooner said than Zoo gezegd, zoo ge- zoh ge{r)zegt, zoh ^e(r)I like being here Ik ben gaarne hier ik ben ^ahrne(r) heer
I

een vriend mine van mij Not long ago [you Niet lang geleden I have come to tell Ik kom u zeggen
is

He

a friend of Hij

hey

da(h)t iss net eets fohr eu iss ayn freent fa(h)n

mey

As much as
I value
it

have been told I can

Men

heeft mij gezegd men hay ft mey ^e(r)ze^t zohfayl ik ka(h)n Zooveel ik kan

very much Ik waardeer het zeei ik wahrdayr het zayr Ik ben er aayi gewoon ik ben er ahn //e(r)wohn Who is it that calls Wie roept mij? [niet wee roopt mey ? It is not my fault Het is mijne schuldl het iss meyn sc^ult neet
I

am used to it [me ?

Expressions of Surprise, Sorrow, Joy, Anger, &c. ( Uitdrukkingen van Verbazing, Smart, Vreugde, Toorn, dc.)

What?
Is it possible ?

Wat! Hoe
Is het mogelijk
1

wa(h)t hoo iss het moh^e(r)le(r)k

! I

Indeed

Heusch J

hu(r)ss

96
English.

Dutch.
is

Pronunciation.

That

is

impossible Dat

onmogelijk

da(h)t

iss

onmoh^e(r)-

You
1

surprise

me
!

Je verbaast mij

ye(r) ferbahst
I

mey

[le(r)k

Oh it's nothing 0, het is niets oh het iss neets I am sorry for it Het spijt mij het speyt mey What a pity Hoe jammer hoo ya(h)mmer I am very glad Ik ben heel blij ik ben hayl bley [ke(r)cAl How happy I am Wat ben ik gelukkig! wa(h)t ben ik ^e(r)lukI
!

How
He
is

delightful

Wat

heerlijk

very angry Hij is zeer boos You are very wrong Grij hebt groot onge[lijk What a shame Welfoei! How could you do Hoe kon u dat doen?

For shame

[so ?

Welfoei!
Gij
zijt

You
to

are very

much

zeer te be-

wa(h)t hayrle(r)k! iss zayr bohss ^ey hebt ^roht on-^e(r)wel foo'i [leyk hoo kon eu da(h)t wel foo'i [doon ? ^ey zeyt zayr te(r) be(r)-

hey

blame Don't answer

rispen

rispen
niet

Antwoord

a(h)ntwohrt neet
Inlichtingen vragen,)

Making Enquiries.

Verstaat gij mij ? ferstaht ^ey mey ? hear me ? Will you kindly...? Wilt gij zoo vrien- wilt ^^ey zoh freende(r)delijk zijn ..J le(r)k zeyn ? [me? Do you understand Begrijpt gij mij ? ber/reypt ^ey mey ? Wat is dat ? What is that ? wa(h)t iss da(h)t ? Zijt gij er zeker van? zeyt^ey er zayker fa(h)n?" Are you sure ? wahr iss ... ? Whereis...? [that? Waar is ..J hoo hayt da(h)t? What do you call Hoe lieet dat? What does that Wat beteekent dat ? wa(h)t be(r)tayke(r)nt

Do you

da(li)t? mean? Waarvoor dient dat? wahrfohr deent da(h)t ? for ? What is that Can I see Mr. H. ? Kan ik Mijnheer H. ka(h)n ik meynhayr H.

spreken

sprayke(r)n
hij

When

does he re-

Wanneer komt
terug?

wa^)nnayr
teruc/i ?

komt

hey

turn ? Please give him card

my

Wees zoo goed hem wayss zoh ^oo't meyn kahrtye(r) mijn kaartje te
geven
^rayfen

hem
te(r)

I will call again to- Ik zal, morgenoch- ik za(h)l, mor^renocW^ent teru^kohme(r)n, tuff*tend tei'ugkomen, morrow, between sen teen en elf eur tiLsschen tien en elf 10 and 11 a.m.

\uur

97
Notioes.
English.

Kennisgevingen,
Pronunciation.

Dutch.

Apartments

Bedroom

for single

gentleman

Entrance, exit Fire alarm Furnished rooms Gemeubileerde kaJust published Juist verschenen Keep off the grass Blijf van het gras Knock, ring Klop, hel \af Notice Public Publieke kennis!

kahmerss Slaapkamer voor een slahpkahmer fohr ayn heer alleen hayr a(h)llayn Ingang, uitgang in5ra(h)ng, oyt^a(h)ng Brandsein [mers bra(h)nt'seyn [kahmerss
^e(r)mu(r)beelayrde(r) yoysst fersc/iayne(r)n bleyf fa(h)n het ^ra(h)sa
klop, bel

Kamers

[a(h)f

Private

No

admittance
al-

No smoking

Prive [geving Verboden toegang Niet rooken

publeeke(r) kennisspreefay [5'ayfing ferbohde(r)n too^a(h)ng neet rohke(r)n

^^/ayn

lowed No thoroughfare Geen doorgang Please do not touch Verzoeke niet aan
te

dohrga(h)ng
neet rah ken

ferzooke(r)
te(r)

ahn

raken

Please wipe your

push Refreshments
Pull,

To be

let

Verzoeke voeten te ferzooke(r) foo'ten te(r) Trek, duw [vegen trek, deuw [feet [fay^en Ververschingen ferferssing'en Te huur [kamers te(r) h&ur [kahmerss

Unfurnished rooms Ongemeubileerde Unfurnished bedslaapkamer room to be let huur

on^e(r)mu(r)beelayrde(r)
te

slahpkahmer heur

te(r)

The Railway.
To the
station

(Be Spoorweg.)
38.)

(See Vocabulary 22, p.

Get my luggage Take it to the

I

nahr het stahseeon Naar het station Haal mijne bag age hahl meyn bah^ah^e(r)

Breng het naar de breng het nahr de(r) garde robe cloak-room ga(h)rde(r) rohbe(r) wish to register Ik wensch het aan ik wenss het ahn te(r)
te

it

geven
is

^ayfe(r)n
het

It is

over weight
is

Het

boven gewicht

Here

Where

is

the ticket Hier is het biljet the wait- Waar is de wacht?

het iss bohfen het wicAt heer iss het bilyet'

5re(r)-

ing-room

kamer]

wahr iss de(r) wa(h)cMkahmer ?

Dutch Self-Taught

98
English.

Dutch,

Pronunciation.

Where

is

the book-

Waar

is Jiet loket ?

wahr

iss

het lohkett ?

lavatory
bufifet ?

ing-office ?
het buffet ?
?

het buffet? [de(r)?

de(r)
^rey

de retirade?
gij

re(r)teerahsnel-

Are you going by Gaat

met den ^aht

met den
ayn
zeen

the express ? treyn ? sneltrein? Show me a time- Laat mij een spoor- laht mey table boekje zien bookye(r) When does the Wanneer vertrekt de wa(h)nnayr train start ? trein / treyn ? Can I book through Ka7i ik een door- ka(h)n ik
to
...

spohr'-

fertrekt de(r)

gaand hiljet krijgen naar ... ?

(second)

first

Een

eerste

ayn dohr'^ahnt bilyet krey^en nahr ...? (tweede) ayn ayrsste(r) [twayde(r)]
kla(li)sse(r)

class single ticket

to...

klasse hiljet e^ikele

reis

bilyet en?

naar
is

...

ke(r)le(r) reyss nahr...

How much
A
carriage corridor riage

is it ?

Hoeveel

het ?

hoofayl iss het

We want a sleeping
car-

Wij m oeten een slaap- wey mooten ayn slahpwah^en hebben wagen hebben Een wagen viet cor- ayn wah^en met korreedohr ridor
Betourbiljetten

Return tickets

re(r)toorbilyetten

A carriage for ladies Een Een A non-smoking

compartment
Is

dames coupe
niet
trein

this

the train

for ...?

Do

change anywhere on the

I
?

treyn dit de(r) nahr... ? Moet ik ergens on- moot ik er^enss onderwec7i ohfersta(h)ppen? derweg ovei'stapiss

coupe rooken de dit Is naar... ?

ayn dahmess koopay ayn koopay neet robke(r)n

journey

pen
I
?

Where
change
Is

must
for
...

Waar
Is

moet ik over- wahr moot ik ohfersta(h)ppen nahr...? stappen naar... ?

deze

this

seat

en-

plaats

be- iss

dayze(r) plahts be(r)-

? sproken ? er iss .'/ayn plahts plaats Er is geen Roej) den conducteiir roop den konduktu(r)r The train is just De trein is op het de(r) treyn iss op het punt te(r) fertrekken Viint te vertrekgoing to start

gaged ? There is no room Call the guard

sprohken

Open the door the window

Opefii

de deur het raain

[keii

ohpen
het

de(r) du(r)r

rahm

99
English.

Dutch.

Pronunciation.

the station Hier is het station heer iss het stahseeon Welk station is welk stahseeon iss dit? station is this? dit? Do we stop here ? Houden wij Jiier op ? howden wey heer op ? Do we alight here? Stappen wij hier uit ? sta(h)ppen wey heer oyt ?
is

Here

What

Do we change
carriages here ?

Moeten

How

long

do we

hier moote(r)n wey heer oliwij overstappen ? ferrsta(h)ppen ? Hoe lang houden hoo la(h)ng howde(r)n

stop here ?

wij hier

stil ?

wey heer
feyf

stil?

Five minutes The goods train in

Vijf minuten De goederentrein

meeneuten

de(r) ^rooderentreyn

Send

this

by

fast

Zend

dit

per snel

zent dit per sneltreyn

train

trein

By slow

train
is lost

My

luggage
it

Forward

on

to

. .

Per gewonen trein per ^e(r)wohnen treyn Mijn bagage is zoek meyn bah^ah^e(r) iss [nahr... [naar... zook Zend het dan door zent het da(h)n dohr
biljet

Give me your ticket (reef mij uw Here it is Hier is het

g&jf heer

mey euw
iss

bilyet

het

The Steamboat.
(See Vocabularies 21

{De Stoomboot.)
&
22,

pages

37 to 39.)

When
When

do we start ? Hoe laat

[arrive ?
ivij?

vertrekJcen

hoo laht fertrekken wey

shall
1

we
lug-

[aan? [ahn? Hoe laat komen wij hoo laht kohme(r)n wey

Time is up Where is your

Het

is tijd is
?

het iss teyt

ba-

Waar
gage

uwe
in

wahr

iss

euwe(r)

bah-

gage? Let us go down

into the cabin
is

Laten

wij
is

de

^ah^e(r) lahten wey in de(r) kah-

yoyt ^ahn mijn kooi ? wahr iss meyn kohi? I want a cabin to Ik wensch een hut al- ik wenss ayn hut a(h)l' layn te(r) hebben myself leen te hebben [goed Look for my things Kijk eens 7iaar mijn keyk ayns nahr meyn ^oo't There was another Er was nog een er wa(h)ss nocA ayn koftrunk fer koffer Come to the Cus- Kom mede naar het kom mayde(r) nahr het dooahne(r)nka(h)ntohr tom-house douanenkantoor Have you your Hebt gij uw pas- hebt ^ey eiiw pa(h)ss'pohrt ? passport ? poort /
kajuit

gaan

Where

my berth? Waar

H2

100
English.

Dutch.

Pronunciation.

Will you examine Wees zoo goed dezen wayss zoh ^oot dayzen this trunk ? kof'fer nah te(r) zeen ? koffer na te zien ? Here are the keys Hier zijn de sleuteh lieer zeyn de(r) slu(r)telss Have you anything Hebt u iets aan te hebt eu eets ahn te(r) to declare ? geven ? ^ayfen ? I have nothing Ik heb niets, dat ik heb neets, da(h)t ahn liable to duty aan rechten onrec/iten onderhayfe(r)c/i
derhevig
officer
is

iss

The Custom-house De douanier

de(r)

dooahn-yay

What
Is

the duty luggage passed ?

is

Wat
Is

zijn de rechten}

wa(h)tzeynde(r) rec/tten?

my
I

Can

remove

it ?

bah^ah^e(r) bag age iss meyn dohrgre(r)lahten ? doorgelaten? Kan ik ze wegne- ka(h)n ik ze(r) we^naywijne

men ?
Arrival.

men?
(Aankomst.)

hahl ayn reytoycA Call a cab ohpen, dachi Open, dicht Open, closed What is the fare Wat is de wacAfi wa(h)t iss de(r) fra(h)c^t fohr de(r) rit (pereur), voor de rit [per by the journey uur), koetsier? kootseer ? (by the hour),
een rijtuig

Haal

cabman
Put

luggage in the cab Drive me to ... Drive quickly Drive slower Stop Go on
!

my

Zet mijne bagage in zet meyn bah^ah5'e(r) in

het rijtuig

het reytoycA
. .

Breng mij naar

Rijd vlug Rijd langzamer

breng

mey nahr

...

reyt fluc/i reyt la(h)ng'zahmer

Houd op! Ga
Wacht!
Ik wensch uit
te

door!

howt op
wa(h)c/it

<3fah

dohr

Wait!
I -wish to get out

stap- ik

pen

wenss oyt pen

te(r) sta(h)p-

The Omnibus and Tram. (De Omnibus en Tram.) de(r) omneebuss ha(h)l. The omnibus sta- De omnibus halte
tion
te(r)

Give me a ticket Conductor

Inside Outside

Geef mij een kaartje g&yi mey ayn kahrtye(r) konduktu(r)r Conducteur bin'nen in Binnen in boh' fen op Boven op

101
English.

Dutch.

Pronunciation.

'

Full

"

" Vol''

''fol"

...? Do you go to ... ? Gaat dit zet mey a(h)f in ... niij af in ... Zet Put me down at What fare to...? Hoeveel host het tot. J hoofay 1 kosst het tot...? Is there room for Is er hinnen plaats iss er binnen plahts fohr

naar ..J

^aht dit nahr

two inside ?
for three outside Fares, please
Electric,

Room

voor twee? Plaats voor boven op

tway
op

drie plahts fohr dree bohfen

het u kahrtye(r)3,

KaartjeSf
helieft

ah
,

a(h)lss het

horse,

EleJftrische-

steam tram

eu be(r)leeft paar- aylektrisse(r)-, pahrden-, stohmtra(h)m deUj stoomtram

The Hotel.
(See Vocabularies 15

(Het Hotel.)
&
\7,

pages

28

&

30.)

Which
hotel

is ?

the best

Wat

is

het

beste

wa(h)t

hotel ?

Let us have supper Laat

ons

spoedig

iss het beste (r) hoh'tel ? laht onss spoode{r)cA soo-

soon payren soupeeren our rooms Zijn onze kamers zeyn onze(r) kahmerss Are ready ? ger&yt ? gereed ? I want a bedroom Ik moet een slaap- ik moot ayn slahpkahmer heb'ben kamer hebben Let me see the Laat mij de kamer laht mey de(r) kahmer zeen room zien wa(h)t iss het tahreef ? What s the charge ? Wat is het tarief? da(h)t iss te(r) deur That is too dear Dat is te duur I want a cheaper Ik verlang een goed ik ferla(li)ng ayn ^oo'tkohpere(r) one koopei'e hebt eu ayn kahmer met Have you a double- Hebt u een kamer tway bedden ? bedded room? Viet twee bedden ? Zijn er ook brieven zeyn er ohk breefen fohr Are there any
i

voor mij? [plaats? [plahts ? mey ? me ? Waar is de zekere wahr iss de(r) saykerre(r) Where is the W.C? Can I have a warm Kan ik em warm ka(h)n ik ayn wa(h)rm
letters for

bath?
Give

me the

bad krijgen? ba(h)t krey<5ren? key of Geef mij den sleutel ^ayf mey den slu(r)tel
mijner kamer? meyner kahmer Breng mij wat warm breng mey wa(h)t wa(h)rm wahter water

my room
Bring

me some warm water

102
English.

Dutch.

Pronunciation.

luggage Breng mijne hagage breng meyn bah.7ah^e(r) naar beneden nahr be(r)nayden Give me a candle, Wees zoo goed mij wayss zoh goot mey ayn please een kaars te geven kahrss te(r) ^rayfen We leave early to- Wij vertrekken mor- wey fertrekken moreen morrow gen vroeg hooch

Take

my

down

Correspondence.
(See Vocabulary

( Briefwisseling.)
SO,

page

53.)

I
I

must write a
letter

Ik moet een brief ik moot ayn breef schvejsclirijven

fen

want some paper Ik heb //a7:>zer en ik heb pahpeer en inkt and ink inkt noodig nohde(r)cA Have you any thin Hebt u ook dun hebt eu ohk dun post'note paper ?
"Will

postpapier ? pahpeer ? mij wat wilt ^e(r) mey wa(h)t ge geven ? ^ayfen? layn mey ayn fel Lend me a sheet Leen mij een vel Een katerntje (pa- ayn kahterntye(r) (pahA quire pier) peer) Do you like a hard Houdt u van een howt eu fa(h)n ayn steyfe(r) off ayn sla(h)pstijve of een slap or soft pen ?

you give some ?

me

Wilt

I like it

hard

(fine,

pe(r) pen ? pe pen ? Ik houd van een stij- ik howt fa(h)n ayn steyve (Jijne, breede
j

broad)

fe(r) [feyne(r),brayde(r)]

Is your letter for Moet uw brief naar moot euw breef de(r) post? de post ? the post? is the day of De hoeveelste is het de(r) hoofaylste(r) What fa(h)ndahc^ vandaag the month ? hay den heden de het iss To-day is the first Het is
eerste

nahr
iss

het

de(r)

ayrsste(r)

ferzay^el euw breef er iss ^ayn la(h)k Er is geen lak There is no wax Take this letter to Breng dezen brief breng dayzen breef nahr de(r) post naar de post the post be(r)tahl het portoh Betaal het porto Pay the postage koora(h) ntenstrohk Newspaper wrapper Courantenstrook Please deliver this Wees zoo goed dit wayss zoh goo't dit zelf te(r) brengen zelf te brengen by hand

Seal your letter

Verzegel

uw

brief

108
Post-OflBce and Telegrams. Postkantoor en Telegrammen.)
(See Vocabulary
31,

page
I

58.)

English.

Dutch.

Pronunciation.

Office of origin

Kantoor

van

af-

ka(h)ntohr

fa(li)n a(h)f-

origin

Name and
Signature

address

of sender

Where

is

the tele-

graph office ? Have you any letters,

telegrams,
... ?

for

Mr.

Will this letter go

to-night ?

z ending zending Naam en adres van nahm en ahdress fa(h)n den afzender den a(h)fzender ha(h)nt-taykening Handteekening Waar is het tele- wahr iss het te(r)le(r).^rahf-ka(h)ntohr ? graafkantoor ? Hebt gij ook hHeven, hebt ^ey ohk breefen, te(r)le(r)^^ra(h)mmen, telegrammen voor fohr meynhayr ...? Mijnheer ..J Wordt deze brief wo(h)rt dayze(r) breef fa(h)n ahfont noc/i van avond nog fe(r)zo(h)nden? verzonden ?

What

is the post- Hoeveel port moet ik age of this letter ? hiervoor betalen ? To register a letter Een brief aanteekenen By to-day's post Met de post van vandaag By return of post Per ommegaande I wish to send ... Ik wilde zenden... What is the charge? Hoeveel kost het 1 The first ten words De eerste tien [word woorden Every additional leder woord meer When does the Wanneer vertrekt de post leave for post naar EngeEngland ? land ] When is the next Wanneer is de voldelivery ? gende bestelling? When does the Wanneer is het kan-

hoofayl pohrt moot ik heerfohr be(r)tahlen ? ayn breef ahntayke(r)post fa(h)n fa(h)ndah7^ per omme(r)^ahnde(r)
ik willde(r)

nen met de(r)

zenden
?

...

hoofayl kost het

de(r) ayrste(r)

teenwohr-

den
eeder wohrt

mayr

wa(h)nnayr fertrekt de(r) eng-e(r)post nahr

la(h)nt
?

wa(h)nnayr

iss de{r) fol-

^e(r)nde(r) be(r)stelling?

wa(h)nnayr

office close ?

toor gesloten

het iss ka(h)ntohr ^e(r)slohten?

Ik moet een postwis- ik moot ayn postwissel Order for... hebben fohr... sel hebben voor Payable at het the Betaalbaar aan het be(r)tahlbahr ahn General Post hohft postka(h)ntohr hoofd postkantoor Office, London te Louden te(r) londen
I

want a Postal

. .

104
English.

Dutch.

Prontmciatlon.
iss

Is the

London mail

Is

de

in yet ?
Is there a foreign

Louden komen ?

mail uit al aange-

de(r)

mayl oyt
?

Ion-

den

a(h)l

ahn^e(r)posst-

kohmen
ook post- ka(h)n

Kan men
])aketten

men ohk

parcel post ?

naar

het

pahketten

nahr

het

buitenland verzen-

boytenla(h)nt

ferzenbestel-

den?

den?
lahtste(r)

The
is

latest delivery

De

laafste hestelUng de(r)

at

...

heeft

om

. . .

plaats

ling hayft om...plahts

Breakfast.
(See Vocabularies 13
<fe

(Ojithijt.)
17,

pages

28

&

SO.)

Breakfast
Is the tea

Is breakfast ready ? Is het ontbijt klaar? iss het ontbeyt klahr ? Het ontbijt is klaar het ontbeyt iss klahr is readj'^

made ?
...?

Is de thee gzet ?

Drinkt u ...? This cream is sour Deze room is zuur Will you take ...? Gebruikt u ...? These eggs are Deze eieren zijn hard
drink

Do you

iss de(r) tay /7e(r)zet ? drinkt eu ..,? dayze(r) rohm iss zeur

/7e(r)broykt eu ...?

hard Give me the Pass me ...^ This butter

fresh

dayze(r) hart

ey-eren

zeyn

salt

is

^ayf mey het zowt Geef mij het zout aan ^ayf mey Geef mij ahn not Deze boter is niet dayze(r) boliter iss neet
. .
. . .

versch

[meer

ferss

Bring some more

Is

Breng
de
is

nog
koffie

ivat

breng

noc/t

wa(h)t mayr
sterrk

the coffee strong Is

sterk iss

de(r)

kof'fee

enough

geoioeg /

It is excellent

We
A A

want

more
. .

cups

Take some more

piece of toast

uitmuntend meer wey heb'ben mayr kop'kopjes tioodig ye(r)ss nohde(r)cA Neem nog wat naym nock wa(h)t

Zij

ge(r)nooch ? zey is oytmuntent

Wij

hebben

. .

Een

stukje

geroo

ayn stukye(r)
terrt

5'e(r)rohss-

sterd brood

broht

Cold meat
rasher
Coffee with milk Coffee without milk or cream

Koud vleesch Ken sneedje spek

kowt flayss ayn snaydye(r) spek kof'fee met melk Koffle met melk Koffie zonder melk kof'fee zonder melk rohm of room
de tafel af

off

Bemove

the things

Neem

naym

de(r) tahfel a(h)f

105

Dinner.
English.

(Middagmaal,)
&
17i

(Sea Vocabulariss 15

pages

28

&

SO.)

Dutch.
spijs-

Pronunciation.

Show me
of-fare

the bill- Laat mij de kaart zien [ready ?

laht

mey

de(r)

speyss-

What have you Wat is er gereed ? What soup will you Welke soep neemt u ?
Gravy soup [have? Bouillon 11 ave you any ? Hebt gij ook ..J
. .
.

kahrt zeen wa(h)t iss er ^erayt ? welke(r) soop naymt eu.

booil'lon

Fried soles

hebt ^rey ohk ...? Gebakken long ^e(r)ba(li)k'ken tong What wine will Welken wijn drinkt welke(r)n weyn drinkt you have? u? eu? Hier is de wijnkaart beer iss de(r) weyn-kahrt Here is the list We shall dine at Wij eten om drie wey ayten om dree eur uur three o'clock Are you hungry, Hebt gij honger, hebt ^ey hong-er, dorsfc ?
thirsty ?
I dorst ?
ik

Ik heb erg en dorst very thirsty What shall I help Wat mag ik u

am

heb er^e(r)n dorst

ma(h)c/i
?

wa(h)t
{7

ik

eu

nayn, da(h)nk eu Bedien uzelf bedeen euzelf Cayenne pejjer kahyennc(r) payper Hier is spinazie en heer iss speenahzee en spruitkool [den sproytkohl [den Ohange the plates Breng aiidere bor- brenga(h)nde(r)re(r) borGive me a clean Geef mij een schoone <7ayf mey ayn scAohne(r) fork, knife vork, mes fork, mess Bring me a glass Breyig mij een glas breng mey ayn ^la(h)ss of water water wahter something Geef mij wat te //ayf mey wa(h)t te(r) to drink drinken drinken A corkscrew Een kurkentrekker ayn kurkentrekker This wine is flat Deze u'ijn is ver- dayze(r) weyn iss ferschaald
sc/iahlt

you to ? No, thank you Help yourself Cayenne pepper Here are spinach and broccoli

geven ? Neen, dank u

ay fen

Tea.

(Thee.
k
17,

J
28

(See Vocabularies IS

pages

&

80.)

Tea is ready Pour out the

De
tea

thee is gereed thee in

de(r) tay iss ^erayt

Schenk de

schenk de(r) tay in

Bring a saucer

Breng

een schoteltje

breng ayn scAohteltye(r)

106
English,

Dutch.

Prontmclatlon.

Eing,

if

you please Wees

zoo

goed

te

wayss

zoh

^oo't

te(r)

schellen

schellen

little more milk Nog eeii weinig melk noch ayn weyne(r)r^ [melk More bread Meer brood mayr broht ayn bohterha(h)m A slice of bread and Een boterham

butter

Will you take some Wilt

cake?

small piece
toast

Make more
This
tea
is

u wat koek wilt eu wa(h)t koo'k nemen? ftu(r)lba(h)nt] naymen? Een klein stukje ayn kleyn stukye(r) Maak nog wat ge- malik noch wa(h)t ^e(r)(tulhand)

roosterd brood

rohssterrt broht
dit
iss

excelleDt Dit

is

uitstekende

oytstaykende(r)

thee

tay

It is late

It is

not late

It is still early

Are

you
?

tired,

Evening. (Avond.j het iss laht Het is laat het iss neet laht Het is niet laat het iss noch irooch Het is nog vroeg Zijt u moe, slape zeyt eu moo, slahpe(r)-

sleepy

Hg ?
Volstrekt niet

re{i) ch ?

Not at all Not much

It is

folstrekt neet

only ten

am

It is

neet erc^ Niet erg Het is pas tien uur het iss pa(h)ss teen eur ik heb slabp sleepy Ik heb slaap time to go to Het is tijd om naar het iss teyt om nahr bet
bed

bed
Is

my room
see

ready?; Is

gaan mijne kamer

te

'

te(r)

^ahn

^- iss

meyn kahmer ^erayt?

Go and

Ga

zelf zien

\reedl\g2h. zelf zeen

I

Good night

Goeden nacht

^oo'de(r)n na(h)rAt

The Time.
Please tell time

(De Tijd,)
8,

(Sea Vocabulary

page

19.)

me

the]

Wees zoo goed mij wayss zoh

te

^roo't

mey

te(r)

zeggen, hoe laat

zeg'gen,
iss

hoo laht het

het is

iss het ? Hoe laat is het 1 time is it ? meeneiiten ohfer over teen Ten minutes past Tien minuten zayfe(r)nen zevenen seven negen het hayft yoysst naymen It has just struck Het heeft juist pe(r)slah7en geslagen nine

What

hoo laht

107
English.

Dutch.

Pronunciation.

quarter past one Kwartier over eenen upon three Het is op slag ran Half-past four [drieen Half vijf Twintig minuten Twenty minutes voor zessen to six Tien minuten over half zes A quarter to eight Kwartier voor achExactly 3 o'clock Precies drie uur [ten The clock is strik- De klok slaat At what time? [ing Op welk uur ?
It is just

kwa(h)rteer ohfer aynen het iss op sla(h)cA fa(b)n ha(h)lffeyf [dree'e(rjn

twinte(r)cA meeneuten fohr zessen teen meeneuten ohfer ha(h)lf zess kwa(h)rteer fohr a(h)cApre(r)seess dree eiir [ten de(r) klok slaht op welk eur ? om hoo laht ?

Om
9.0 a.m.
*s

hoe laat

Morgens uur

negen smor^enss nay^ren eur

zay-

7.0 p.m.

*8

Namiddags zeven snahmidda(h)cAs uur fen eur

(Gezondheid.)
IS,

Health.

(See Vocabulary

page

25.)

Do you

slahpt eu goo'i ? sleep well ? Slaapt u goed ? I hope you will Ik hoop, dat a spoe ik hohp, da(h)t eu spoode(r)c7i bayter zult zeyn soon be better dig beter zult zijn

How are you ? Pretty well I am very well Not very well, ill I have a headache a sore throat
got a chill
I feel sick

Hoe gaat

het

hoo ^aht het eu

ik

Tamelijk wel Ik ben heel wel Niet erg wel, ziek Ik heb hoofdpijn pijn in de
keel

tahme(r)le(r)k wel

ben hayl wel

heb hooftpeyn peyn in de(r)

neet ercA wel, zeek

ik fool

ik

kayl
ben verkouden

ben ferkowden

Ik

Send for a doctor I want to see a ... She has a cough She is hoarse

mij misselijk Laat een dokter halen Ik wensch een ... te [zien Zij hoest
voel

mey misse(r)le(r)k

laht
ik

ayn dokter hahlen wenss ayn ... te(r)

[zeen

Zij

is

Where

is there a chemist's shop ? How much is the

Waar

schor is een

zey boost zey iss scAor

apo-

wahr

iss

ayn

ahpoh-

theek ?

tayk?

doctor's fee for

be(r)rayke(r)nt Hoeveel herekent de hoofayl de(r) dokter fohr aydokter voor eene
visits ?

a visit ?

ne(r)

feeseete(r) ?

108
English.

Dutch.

Pronunciation.

Have

this prescrip-

Laat

dit

recept

laht dit re (r) sept klahr-

tion

made up

klaai'maken

mahken

tablespoonful Driemaal daags een dreemahl dah^ss ayn aytlaypel three times a day eetlepel To be taken after Na elken maaltijd nah elken mahlteyt in each meal te(r) naymen in te nemen Shake the bottle scAut de(r) fless Schud de fiesch fer^if Poison Vergif Outward applica- Alleen voor uitwen- a(h)l'layn fohr oytwention only dig gehruik de(r)c/^ grG(r)broyk

One

In Town.

(In de Stad.)
10,

(See Vocabulary

pafe

21.)

Where go? Which

to...?

shall
is

we

Waar

ziillen
1

wij
ireg

wahr zullen wey hayn<7ahn ?

heengaan
the

way Wat

is

de

wa(h)t

iss

de(r)

wecA

naar..J

nahr...?

Ongeveer een mijl the street Ga de straat op Is it far from here? Is het ver van hier ? How far is it to... ? Hoe ver is het naar. / Where can I get Waar kan ik een omnibus krijgen / an omnibus ? Loop vliig Go quickly layigzaam slowly Laat ons gaan Let us go Show me the way Wijs mij den weg Turn to the right Sla rechts om Houd links aan Keep to the left Tweede straat turning Second Take the first to Sla de eerste straat the left and the links en de tweesecond to the right de rechts in Steek den weg over Oross the road Is this thewayto...? Is dit de weg naar.. J In what street are In welke straat zijn de beste winkels? the best shops ?

"Where does this road lead ? To the right, left A-bout a mile

Waar
JI

gaat deze weg wahr ^aht dayze(r) wec/i

?

een

hayn
rec/its,

Rechts, links

links

Go up

^ah

on-^e(r)fayr ayn meyl de(r) straht op iss het fer fa(h)n beer ? boo fer iss het nahr ...?

wahr ka(h)n

ik

ayn om-

neebus krey^en ? lohp flucA la(h)ngzahm laht onss ^ahn weyss mey de(r)n wecA slab recMs om

howt

links

ahn

twayde(r) straht
slab de(r) ayrste(r) straht
links en de(r) de(r) rechts in
iss dit de(r)

tway-

stayk de(r)n wec/i ohfer

in welke (r)

wecAnahr...? straht zeyn

de(r) ]Lieste(r)winkelss?

109
English.

Dutch.

Pronunciation.

Please
to
...

direct

me

Which

omnibus
I

[tram] must take for...?

I don't

DoyouknowMr. ..? know anyone of that name

He
I

is

a friend of
[well

mine

know him very Where does he live?

Close by

Wees zoo goed mij wayss zoh ^oo't mey den weg te wijzen de(r)n wec/i te(r) weynaar ... zen nahr... Welke omnibus welke(r) omneebuss {train] moet ik [tra(h)m] moot ik nemen naar ...? naymen nahr ...? Kent u Mijnheer ... ? kent eu me(r)nhayr ... ? Ik ken niemand van ik ken neema(h)nt fa(b)n dien naam deen nahm Hij is een vriend hey iss ayn freent fa(h)n van mij mey Ik ken hem zeer goed ik ken hem zayr ^oo't Waar woont hij ? wahr wohnt hey ?
Dichtbij dicAtbey Kiint u mij egn goed kunt eu
hotel

Can you
to a
Is
...,

direct

me

mey ayn

^^oo't

good hotel ? Mr. ..., Mrs.

at

aanwijzen
y

hoh'tel

home

Good morning

How
I

do you do

must go

Me- iss frow ..., te(r)hoyss vrouw ..., tehuis? ^roo'den mohr^en Goeden morgen hoo fahrt eu ? Hoe vaart u ? ik moot ^ahn Ik moet gaan
Is Mijnheer...

ahnweyzen ? meynhayr ..., me(r)?

Good-bye, farewell Adieu, vaarwel Goeden avond Good evening Goeden nacht Good night

ahdee'u(r), fahrwel

^ooden ahfont
^oode(r)n na(h)cAt

Shopping.

(In een Winkel.)

0, 7,

(Sae Yocabolaries

14 to 17.

&

20.)

hoofayl kost da(h)t ? da(h)t iss te(r) fayl That is too much Dat is te veel wa(h)fc kost da(h)t? What is the price? Wat kost dat ? Will you send them Wilt u die dadelijk wilt eu dee dahde(r)le(r)k zenden ? zenden ? at once ? Ik wensch ... te ik wenss ... te(r) kohI wish to buy... pen koopen ik naym dit Ik neem dit I will take this zent ze(r) nahr ... Zend ze naar ... Send them to... heb kahtoon noh ik katoen heb calico Ik I want some de(r)c/i noodig laht mey lint zeen mij lint I should like to see Laat zien some ribbons
is it ?

How much

Hoeveel kost dat?

110
English.

Dutch.
is

Pronunciation.

This colour
dark, light

Have you any

too Deze kleur is te dayze(r) klu(r)r iss te(r) donker, te licht donker, te(r) liclii nar- Hebt u ook smaller, hebt eu ohk sma(h)ller,

breeder brayder ? a Wat host dit de el ? wa(h)t kost dit de(r) el? It is faded [yard ? Ret is verschoten het iss fersc/iohten Show me some Laat mij katoen laht mey kahtoon cotton zien zeen Some gloves Handschoenen ha (h) ndsc^oonen others Andere ahnde(r)re(r) Not so fine Niet zulke mooie neet zulke(r) moh-i-e(r) This will do Deze zijn goed dayze(r) zeyn ^oo't Sewing-silk Naaizijde nah'i-zeyde(r) A skein Een streng ayn streng Mixed pins Spelden van vei'- spelde(r)n fa(h)n fer-

rower, broader?
is

What

this

schillende grootte

Tape

What

a bodkin are they a

Band ;
het

een rijgpen

t.

scAille(r)nde(r) ^rohte(r) ba(li)nt ; ayn rey^pe(r)n

Hoeveel

kosten

ze

hoofayl

koste(r)n

ze(r)

paar ? het pahr ? Dat is te duur da(h)t iss te(r) deiir Pas deze eens aan pa(h)ss dayze(r) aynsahn They fit you very Zij passen u zeer zey pa(h)ss'en eu zayr [men goed well [with me ^oo't I will take them Ik zal ze me'enemen ik za(h)l ze(r) maynaypair ? It is too dear Try on these

Send

this

home Zend
De

dit

dadelijk

zent

dit

dahde(r)le(r)k

directly

naar huis
rekening

nahr hoyss
de(r) rayke(r)ning

The

bill

The Dressmaker.
(See Vocabulary

(De Naaister.)
14, p.

27J
|

Here is the dress Bier maker

is

de naaister

heer
te(r)

iss

de(r)

nah'is-

[komen

Laat haar hinnen- laht hahr binnenkohmen Have you brought Hebt u mijne japon hebt eu meyn yahpon

Show her

in

Here

may^ebra(h)cAt ? heer iss ze(r) [pa(h)ssen? Will you try it on ? Wilt u deze aanpas- wilt eu dayze(r) ahnzey pa(h)st eu ^oo't Zij past u goed It fits you well The sleeves are not De inouwen zijn niet de(r) mowen zeyn neet
dress ?

my

meegebracht
is ze

it is

Hier

[sen ?

wide enough

wijd genoeg

weyt 5fe(r)noocA

Ill
English.

Dutch.

Pronunciation.

The Add

skirt

is

too

De rok

is te

nauw

de(r) rok iss te(r)

now

narrow
another breadth

It is

Doe er nog eene doo e(r) noch ayne(r) bahn bey haan bij short-waisted Hij is te kort van hey iss te(r) kort fa(h)n
taille

ta(h)lye(r)
taille

[ta(h)lye(r)

la(h)ng fa(h)n Maak at deze ver- mahk a(h)l dayze(r) feranderingen a(h)ndering-en alterations What trimming Welk garnituur welk ^ahrneeteur zowdt zoudt u aanraden? eu' ahnrahden ? would you put on? licMblow lint Light blue ribbon Lichtblauw lint You shall have it Uzult het Zaturdag eu zult het zahturda(h) c7i hebben hebben on Saturday

long-waisted Make all these

It is

lang van

Without
Don't

[me Zander mankeeren zonder ma(h)nkayren fail disappoint Stel mij niet teleur stel mey neet te(r)lu(r)r

The Shoemaker.
I

(De Schoenmaker,)
109.)

(For Shopping see page

wish to see some Ik

shoes

zeen scAoonen hayren-, kinheeren-, dahmess-, gentle- DamesLadies', der-sc/ioonen enz men's, children's kindersciioenen enz The soles are rather De zolen zijn tame- de(r) zohlen zeyn tahte

wensch schoenen
y

eenige ik

wenss

ayne(r)^e(r)
te(r)

zien

thick, thin

lijk dik,

dun

me(r)le(r)k dik,

dun
now,

They

are too tight, Zij zijn te nauw, kort, lang short, long Te hooge hakken Ileels too high I cannot get my Ik kan er mijn voet niet in krijgen foot in Here is a shoe-horn Hier is een hoom

zey

zeyn

te(r)

kort, la(h)ng te(r) hoh^e(r) ha(h)kken ik ka(h)n er meyn foo't neet in krey^/en heer iss ayn hohrn They hurt my heel, Zij doen mijn hiel zey doon meyn heel, taynen, w-rayf, zayr teenen, wreef, zeer toes, instep er neet in I cannot walk in Ik kan er niet in ik ka(h)n

fake my measure Neem mij de maat naym mey de(r) maht zoo ik moot ze(r) zoh spooze moet I must have them as Ik
soon as possible
sf)oedig

them

loopen

lohpen

mogelijh

de(r)c/t mo(h)^e(r)le(r)k

hebben

hebben

112

The Laundress.
(See Vocabulary U, p.
27,

(Be Waschvrouw,)
and Washing
List, below.)

English.

Dutch.

Pronunciation.

too limp Dit is te slap dit iss te(r) sla(h)p don't put Er is niet genoeg er iss neet ge{r)nooch enough starch stijfsel in [(hoord) steyfsel in [(bohrt) I miss a collar Ik mis een kraaq ik miss ayn krahcA See how badly Zie eens, hoe slecht: zee aynss, hoo slecht dit that is ironed, dit is gestreken, iss ^e(r)strayken, ^e(r)starched g est even stayfen You have scorched, U hebt deze japon eu hebt dayze(r) yalitorn, this dress geschroeid, gepon ^/e(r)sc/irooit, ge{r)scheurd scAurt Y^ou put too much U doet te reel hlauw eu doot te(r) fayl blousel blue in my sel in mijn linnenin meyn linne(r)n^oo't linen goed This is not mv Dit is mijn zakdoek dit iss meyn za(h)kdook handkerchief niet \ning? neet [ke(r)ning ? Have you your bill? Hebt u uwe reke- hebt eu euwe(r) rayik za(h)l eu be(r)tahlen I will pay you Ik zal u betalen I want this linen Ik wensch dit lin- ik wenss dit linne(r)n washed gfe(r)wa(h)ssen nen gewasschen te te(r) hebben hebben When can I have Wanneer kan ik het\ wa(h)nnayr ka(h)n ik het kreygen ? it? kHjgen ? Please return this Wees zoo goed het den\ wayss zoh goo't het de(r)n
is

This

You

linen on

...

...terug te zenden]

You must
back this

bring
list

moet

deze

lijst
'

...terucA te(r) zenden eu moot dayze(r) leyst

terugbrengen

teru^breng-e(r)n

Washing
Collars Cuffs

List.*

(WaschUjst.)
(Voor Heeren.)

FOR GENTLEMEN.

Flannel waistcoat
Neckties

Night shirts Pants (drawers)

Kragen, boorden m. krah^^en, bohrden ma(h)nc/tetten Manchetten f.pl. fla(h)nellen fest Flanellen vest n. da(h)s'sen Dassen f.pl. n.pl. na(h)c/t.t-hemden Nachthemden Onderbroeken f.pl. onderbroo'ken

THIHM (C. A.) Dutch Washing Book for Ladies and Gentlemen. With Counterfoils in English, alphabetically arranged for the use of Tourists and others.
Red wrapper,
8vo.
6d.

118
English.

Dutch.

Pronunciation.

Pocket handker-

Zakdoeken m.

za(h)kdooken

Shirts [chiefs Hemden Silk handkerchiefs Zijden zakdoeken

hemden
zeyden za(h)kdooken sokken kowssen
fla(h)neU
fest

Socks Stockings Under-vest Waistcoat (vest)

Sokken f. Kousen f. Flanel n.

Vest

FOB LADIES.

(VoOV Dames.)
I

Apron
Bodice

Schortje, boezelaar

Japonlijf n.

sc^ort-ye(r), booze (r)lahr yahpo(h)nleyf

Cap
Chemise Drawers
Dress Dressing-gown Night cap Night gown
Petticoats flannel

Muts

f.

Hemd
Japon

n.
f.pl.

muts hemt
onderbroo'k

Onderbroek
f.

Peignoir

yahpon paynwahr
slahpmuts na(h)cM-yahpon rokken fla(h)nellen rokken zeyden kowssen

Slaapmuts f. Nachtjapon Rokken m.

Flanellen rokken

Silk stockings

Zijden kousen

Sleeves

Mouwen
Corset Servetten

mowen
korset
serfetten

Stays (corsets)

Napkins Towels

Handdoeken m.pl.
(

ha(h)ndoo'ken

Cycling Phrases.
I

Uitdrukkingen voor Wielrijders.)

25,

See Vocabulary

page

45.)

want my machine Ik
with
all

heb

mijn

wiel ik

heb meyn weel nohde(r)c^

Fitted

noodig Voorzien van

toebehooren

alle

accessories I wish to hire

fohrzeen fa(h)n a(h)lle(r) toobe(r)hohren

...

By the What

hour, day are your

?

Ik wen sell ...te huren ik wenss ... te(r) heuren Bij het uur, den dag bey het eiir, den da(h)c/t wa(h)t iss euw preyss? Wat is uw prijs ?

terms

Have you a
shelter ?

To

tighten

nut

cycle Hebt u een berg- hebt eu ayn ber^plahts fohr weelen ? plaats voor wielen? aanschroe- ayn moo'r ahnscAroofen loosen Een moer los'sc/iroofen ven losschroeven

Dutch SeLf-Taught

114
English.

Dutch.

Pronunciation.

Are the roads good or bad ?

Zijn de wegen goed zeyn de(r) way^en ^oo't

of slecht
?

off slecht ?

The chain is off De ketting is los I must inflate my Ik moet mijne bantyres
I

de(r) ketting iss loss

ik
ik

moot meyn ba(h)nden oppompen heb ... ^e(r)brohken

...

have broken Are you ready

...

?
...

den oppompen Ik heb gebroken Zijt gij gereed ?

. . .

We
My

will start at
bell

Wij zullen om
vertrekken

...

wey

zeyt ^ey ^^erayt ? zullen om

fer-

Ring your

Bel eens

tyre is puncMake haste! [tured

Mijn band Haast u

Stop

is lek

trekken bel aynss meyn ba(h)nt hahsst eu

stop
!

iss

lek

Stop Look out Don't go so fast Keep straight on We must light up

! 1

Kijk uit ! Loop niet zoo vlug

keyk oyt

lohp neet zoh fluc^

^ah recht oyt recht uit Wij moeten onze Ian wey mooten o n z e (r) taarns aansteken la(h)ntahrns ahnstayken My lamp requires Ik heb een nieuive ik heb ayn nee we (r) pit a new wick fohr meyn la(h)mp pit voor mijn lamp
[guide
?

Ga

noodifj

[kaart

Have you a road Hebt u

;

een afstands- hebt eii

;

[kahrt ? nohde(r)c/t ayn ahfsta(h)nts-

Yes which one do Ja; welke wilt u yah welke (r) wilt eu you require ? hebben ? hebben ? The one for Amster- Die voor Amsterdam dee fohr a(h)msterda(h)m dam and environs en omstrayken en omstreken I want my machine Ik wensch mijn fietn ik wenss meyn feets te(r) cleaned lahten sc/iohnmahken te laten schoojimaken Where can I Waar kan ik mijn wahr ka(h)n ik meyn
lahten re(r)pahrayren ? repair Kunt u dit voor mij kunt eu dit fohr mey ' this for me ? re(r)pahrayren ? repareeren? How long will it Hoe lang zal het hoo la(h)ng za(h)l bet deure(r)n ? take? duren ? am a member Ik ben lid van de ik ben lit fa(h)n de(r) lonI densse(r) weelreyderss Londensche Wielof the London heer iss meyn klub hier rijders Club; Cyclists' Touring be(r)weyss fa(h)n litis mijn beivijs van Club here is my mahtsc/ta(h)p lidmaatschap ticket
bicycle
?
Jiets

get

my

laten

repa-

feets

mended Can you

reeren ?

116

Motoring Phrases.
English

Gesprekken over Automohielen.

4S,

(For Vocabulary see page

also Cycling, pages 45

I

& 118.)
Pronunciation.

Dutch.

Have you examined Hebt u mijne

speed-chan ging gear ? Replace my brake

ver

hebt

eu

meyn

fe(r)r-

my

snelling

nageke

ken

snelling nah^e(r)kayker(r)n ?
fe(r)rzet

Verzet mijn

rem

meyn rem

The
I

steering-gear Het stiiur is niet in het steur iss neet in orde is out of order orde(r) want a carbura- Ik heb een carbura ik heb ayn karbeurahtor tor nooclig voor tor for voiturette nohde(r)c^ fohr ayn een klein rijtuig kleyn reytoycA

My

gehroken ^e(?')brohken Neem een andere naym ayn a(h)nde(r)re(r) Change it A pinion is wanted Er is een rondsel er iss ayn rondsel nohfor noodig voor de de(r)cA fohr de(r) kleythe small ne(r) a(h)ss axle Heine as
I

back spring broken

is

Mijn

achterveer

is

meyn

a(h)c/tterfayr

iss

have lost horn (hooter)

my

Ik heb mijn
loren

Jwom
ver-

ik

heb

meyn hohrn

(blaashoorn)

Have you an
cumulator
volts ?

ac Hebt u osn mulator four

volts ?

(blahsshohrn) ferlohren accu- hebt eu ayn a(h)kkeuvier

You must
radiator

fix

to

the the

moet het radieertoestel

meulahtor feer _foltss? eu moot het raydeeayrtoostel

aan

het

ahn het rahm

a petrol Geef mij een petro ^agf mey ayn paytrohle(r)umboyss leumbuis tube Een ayn ohtohmoh'beel kahrt dutomobiel An automobile op linnen kaart op linnen map on cloth What is the power Welke kracht heeft welke(r) kra(h)c7it hayft dayze(r) mohtor ? deze motor 1 of this motor ? This is an eight- Dit is een acht paar dit iss ayn a(h)c/it pahrde(r)kra(h)c/it mahdekracht machine horse-power sheene(r) engine Is it a good hill- Kan men er goed ka(h)n men er ^oo't may stey^e(r)n ? mee steigen ? climber ? I want an expe- Ik heb een erva ik hep ayn erfahre(r)n besteurde(r)r [shohfren bestuurder rienced driver fu(r)r] nohde(r)cA (chaujf'eur) noodig

frame Give me

raam

bevestigen

be(r)feste(r)^en

116

Photographic Phrases.
English.

{Uitdrukkingen aan het Fotografeeren.)

49.)

(For Vocabulary see p.

Dutch.

Pronunciation.

Must permission
be obtained to
I

Moet

verlof worden moot ferlof worden ahn/7e(r)frah^t om te(r) aangevraagd om te

photograph ? fohtogrrahfayren ? fotografeeren ? wish to take the Ik wensch het inwen- ik wenss het inwende(r)interior ^e(r) fa(h)n het hoyss dige van Jiet huis te(r) nayme(r)n te nemen \Yhat exposure Hoe lang meet ik hoo la(h)ngmoot ik de(r) opnahme(r) lahte(r)n must I give it ? de opname laten deure(r)n? duren? The light is too Het licht is te sterk het licht iss te(r) sterk
[bra(h)nt-punt het neet in What size of plate Welke grootte van welke(r) ,^rohtte(r) fa(h)n do you use ? plaat gebruikt u? plaht <7e(r)broykt eu? I only use quarter- Ik gebruik alleen een ik <7e(r)broyk a(h)llayn plate kivartplaat ayn kwa(h)rt-plaht Have you a dark Hebt gij een donkere hebt ^ey ayn donkere (r)
It is

strong out of focus

[brandpunt

Het

is

niet in

het het

iss

room want some

kamer ?
ten
te

kahmer

to develop Ik wensch eenige pla- ik wenss ayne(r)^e(r) plah-

plates

ontwikkelen

What
It is

a beautiful

Wat

eene prachtige

photograph

fotografie

a perfect pic- Het is eene vol te(r) a(li)fbaylding maakte afbeelding ture This plate is spoilt Deze plaat is be- dayze(r) plaht iss be(r)dorfen dorven

ten te(r) ontwikke(r)len wa(h)t ayne(r) pra(h)c/ite(r)^e(r) fohto^rahfee het iss ayne(r) folmahk-

due to over- Dat is aan te lange da(h)t iss ahn te(r) opnahla(h)ng-e(r) opname te wijten me(r) te(r) weyten I am going to print Ik ga nog meer af- ik ^ah noch mayr a(h)fdrukken mahke(r)n drukk'en maken more copies This was spoilt in Dit is bij het af- dit iss bey het a(h)fdrukken be(r)dorfen drukktn bedorven the printing The grouping is De groepeering is de(r) ^rroopayring iss zayr ^roo't zeer goed very good I have secured Ik heb eenige fraaie ik heb ayne(r)<7e(r) frah'i-

That

is

exposure

some
views

beautiful

gezichten

verkre-

e(r)

(jfe(r)zic/tteu

fer-

gen

kray^en

117

Commercial and Trading.

(For Vocabulary see page

(HandeUtermm.)
41.)

English.

Dutch.

Pronunciatioii

Where can I ob- Waar kan ik een wahr ka(h)n ik ayn ha (h) nde (r) Isreyze (r) tain a commerhan delsreizigers
-

cial

traveller's
?

permit

vergunning gen ?

krij-

^rerss

fer^unning krey-

^en?

is the fee for Wat kost eene ver- wa(h)t kost ayne(r) ferthe permit ? ^unning ? gunning ? I represent the Ik vertegenwoordig ik fertay(5fe(r)nwohrfirm of... de(r)c/i de(r) iirma,h... de Jirma May I show you Mag ik u mijne mon ma(h)c/i ik eu meyn my samples ? monstersslahte(r)n zeen sters laten zien ? Send our account Zend onze rekening zent onze(r) raykening mahnde(r)le(r)ks in in monthly maandelijks in Give me a receipt Geef mij een ont- ^ayf mey ayn ontfa(h)ngbe(r)weyss vanghewijs zeyn Messrs. ... have De Heeren ... zijn de(r) hayren
. .

What

failed

failliet

fa(h)lyeet
is

What

assets [liabilities] are there ?

Hoe

groot

het
?

hoo ^roht

iss

het a(h)k-

aktief [passief]

teef [pa(h)sseef] ?

Show me a balance Toon

sheet

mey mij een balans tohn la(h)nss

ayn

bah-

er iss ayn ahboyss in euThere is an error Er is een abuis we(r) raykening in your account uwe rekening I shall send in a Ik zal eene vorde ik za(h)l ayne(r) forde(r)ring inzenden claim ring inzenden Will you accept a Wilt u een wissel wilt eu ayn wisse(r)l

bill?

at three

months
is

op
Welk

accepteeren?
drie

maanden

op dree mahnden
welk deefeedent
iss ier

a(h)kseptayren

What

dividend is verklaard ? Your luggage is Uwe hagage is aan liable to duty rechten onderhevig This cheque needs Deze cheque moet worden geendosseerd endorsing Have you declared Heht u de waarde gedeclareerd ? the value ? de vracht I will prepay the Ik zal vooruitbetalen carriage Quote me a price Noteer ons een prijs

dividend declared ?

klahrt ? euwe(r) bah^ah^e(r)

iss

ahn recAten onderhayfe(r)c7i dayze(r) shek moot worden 5fe(r)endossayrt hebt eu de(r) wahrde(r)
^e(r)dayklahrayrt ?
ik

za(h)l de(r) fra(h)c^t

fohroy t-be (r) tahlen

nohtayr onss ayn preyss

118
English.

Dutch.

Pronunciation.

Is

monsters / monsterss ? Please make me Wees zoo goed mij wayss zoh ^foo't mey out a list of the eene lijst op te ayne(r) leyst op te(r) samples I carry ma ken van de mahken fa(h)n de(r)
monsters,
die

there any duty on samples ?

Is er eenig recht op iss er ayne(r)c/i recht

op

ik

monsterss, dee ik may-

medeneem de(r)naym i Indicating quality Aantoonende kwali- ahntohne(r)nde(r) kwahand quantity teit en kwantiteit leeteyt en kwa(h)nteeteyt

Changing Money.

(Geld msselen.)

Where can I get Waar kan ik geld wahr ka(h)n ik ^elt wismoney changed? wisselen ? se(r)len ? Where the Waar is de bank wahr iss de(r) ba(h)nk is
bank
I
(a

money?

(een

geldwissel-

[ayn ^eltwisse(r)lahr]?

changer)

aar)?

want change for Ik won a five - pound biljet

note Will you give

me
?

Dutch money

wow ayn ba(h)nkbilyet fa(h)n feyf pont wisse(r)len pond msselen Wilt u mij Hol- wilt eu mey holla(h)ndss la7idsch geld geven? ^elt ^ayfen ?
een

hank- ik
vijf

van

What

Wat is de koers van wa(h)t iss de(r) koorss fa(h)n eng-elss ^elt? exchange on Engelsch geld ? English money ? Will you change Wilt u deze souve- wilt eu dayze(r) soofe(r)me these sove- reinen (ponde7i) reynen (ponden) fohr
is

the

voor mij wisselen? reigns ? mey wisse(r)len? Will you cash this Wilt u deze cheque wilt eu dayze(r) shek

cheque

for

me ?

voor
selen ?

mij

inwis-

fohr

mey

inwisse(r)-

Please give

me

and

silver,

len? gold Wees zoo goed mij wayss zoh goud en zilver te ^owt en not
geven, geen papiewissel
is

^oo't
zilfer

mey
te(r)

paper money

^ayfen, ^ayn pahpeewisse(r)l

A
It

bill of
is

exchange Een payable at Hij

ayn hetaalhaar hey

[ren geld

[ren ge\i

iss be(r)tahlbahr

op

zicAt op zicht mey het be(r)Give me the Geeft mij Jiet bedrag ^ayf dra(h)cA in ... in ... amount in ... Have you an agent Hebt u een agent hebt eu ayn absent in...?

sight

[in ...?

[in

..

119

MONEY.

{Geld.)

Dutch Money, with English and American Equivalents.

[Note. These equivalents are subject
to the fluctuations in exchange.]

GOLD.
Dutch.
10 gulden (or guilders)
...

ENGIilSH,

Amebican.
dols.

B.

d.

cents

16

16

SILVER
2^ gulden or florins (or"rijksdaalder")
4
1
")

gulden (100 cents) i gulden

1

2 8

5 stuivers (25 cents 2 stuivers (10 cents 1 stuiver (5 cents)

" kwartje " dubbeltje ")

...

10
5 2
1

41 20 10
4

BRONZE.
2J cents

OJ
100 cents

...

20 stuivers

gulden

(or florin).

PAPER.
50, 60, 100, 200, 300, 500,

Notes are issued by the Bank of Netherlands and 1,000 gulden.

for 10, 25, 40,

English and American Money, with Dutch Equivalents.

English.
1 pound (1) 1 half-crown (2s. 6d.) 1 florin (2s.) ... 1 shilling (Is.) 1 penny (Id.)
1

Dutch.
12 gulden 1 gul. 10 St.
1 guJ. 4 st.

American
100 dollars 10 1 60 cents 10 1 cent

Dutch.
241 gul. 5 St. 24 gul. 2^ St.
1 gul. 8 St. 1 gul. 4 st.

12 stuivers
1 st.
(5 cts.)

halfpenny

(^d.)

2^ cents

6 stuivers 2^ cents

Exchange. The rate of exchange ordinarily varies from about 12 gulden 2^ cents to 12 g. 12^ c. to the English pound..

120

WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.

(Maten en
Gewicliten.)

The Metric system

;

is

and measures the old nomenclature towns and villages.

used throughout Holland for all weights is sometimes used in small

MEASURES OF LENGTH.
English.

(Lengtemaat.)
English.

1 inch = 2.5399 duimen (centimeter) 1 foot 30 duimen ,, 1 yard= 91 duimen ,, 1 furlg. (220 yds.) =201 ellen (meter) 1 mijl (kilo1 mile (1760 yds.)

Dutch.

duim (centimeter) = 0.394 in. =1 foot 30 duimen

1

Dutch.

1 el (meter)
1

ft.

3 in.

1.093

yds.; 39.37 in.

honderd meter (hectometer)

(kilometer)
,,

5 miles

meter) 610 meter 8 mijlen (kilometer)

1 mijl

= 109 yds. 1 ft. = 1093 yds. 2 ft.

3 miles 220 yds.

5 mijlen

WEIGHTS.
English.

(Gewichten,)
Dutch.

J oz. (Letter Post) ... 1 oz 8 ozs. (^Ib.) 1 lb. (avoirdupois) ... Iqr. (281bs.) 1 cwt. (112 lbs.) 1 ton (20 cwt. or 2240 lbs.)
Dutch.

= = = = =

16J wichtjes 31.1 248.8

497.6 ,, 27.168 ponden 111.47 2229.4 ,,

or

gram

(about)

(nearly 1 pond)
(13.9 kilograms) (55.7 ) (1114.7 )
English.

1 wichtje (gram)

100 wichtjes 250

= =
=
J kilo.*)

15.432 grains
3.2 ozs.

pond (500 wichtjes or 100 ponden (50 kilo.)

1

8 (^Ib.) lib. (about)

1000

(500

100 lbs. 7i ozs. 1004 lbs. 11 ozs. (8 cwt. 3qrs. 24 lbs.)

= =

LIQUIDS, &c.
English.

{Vloeistoffen,
Dutch.

em.)
English.

Dutch.

0.57 kan (liter) 1 pint 1.14 kan (liter) 1 quart (2 pts.) 4.5434 kan 1 gallon (4 qts.) 9 kan 1 peck (2 gals.) 36 kan ., 1 bush el (8 gals.)

= = = =

kan 5 kan 50 kan 100 kan

1

(liter)
,,
,,

,,

1.76 pints gallon 1 pint =11 gallons =22 gallons (2J bushels)

=1

The word

" kilogram " ii always abbreviated to " kUo."

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