UN Statistical Yearbook For Asia and The Pacific 2012

STATISTICAL YEARBOOK FOR ASIA AND THE PACIFIC
2012
Country profiles
We appreciate your feed-back Questions or comments concerning this publication may be addressed to the Director of the ESCAP Statistics Division, United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, Bangkok, Thailand, 10200 by emailing stat.unescap@un.org ESCAP encourages all readers and users of the Yearbook to complete the electronic readership survey (http://www.unescap.org/stat/data/syb2012/readership-questionnaire.asp)
Statistical Yearbook for Asia and the Pacific 2012
United Nations Publication Copyright United Nations 2012 All rights reserved ST/ESCAP/2647
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Preface
This 2012 edition of the Statistical Yearbook for Asia and the Pacific is the first in a new publication schedule and is being published only online for the first time. Starting from this edition, the Yearbook will be available as a printed edition every two years and as an online edition in intermediate years. The Yearbook remains a publication for a non-specialized audience interested in development issues in the AsiaPacific region. While keeping its richness in information content, we try to maintain a user-friendly format, including using numerous charts to visualize statistical information. The 2012 Yearbook includes country profiles for the 58 regional members and associate members of ESCAP. The country profiles present key indicators selected from the complete list of indicators that are published in the Yearbook. For each country, statistical information is presented in tables with the latest available values and numerous statistical charts presenting trends over the last 20 years, and, where possible, comparison with regional and world averages. The country profiles are complemented by regional and sub-regional tables providing an overview of Asia-Pacific in comparison with other major regions of the world and selected country groups. While only key statistical information is available through the country profiles, more complete tables are available on the Yearbook website at http://www.unescap.org/stat/data/syb2012. Tables are published as data files to facilitate their re-use and further processing by data users. The statistical database from which the Yearbook is published is available online at http://www.unescap.org/stat/data/statdb/DataExplorer.aspx. Being updated twice a year (end of March and end of October of every year), the online database contains complete time series. In our continuous attempt to improve the Statistical Yearbook, we need to hear from its users. Please kindly take the time to fill the readership questionnaire available at http://www.unescap.org/stat/data/syb2012/Readership-Questionnaire.asp .
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Team for the preparation of the Statistical Yearbook for Asia and the Pacific 2012
The primary responsibility for producing the Statistical Yearbook lies with the ESCAP Statistics Division, under the guidance of Haishan Fu, Director, Statistics Division. The team for the production of the Statistical Yearbook includes: Coordination Eric Hermouet Statistics and data management Krisana Boonpriroje, Nongnuch Hiranyapaisansakul, Marisa Limawongpranee, Nixie Mabanag-Abarquez, Teerapong Praphotjanaporn, and Panpaka Supakalin Editing Isabel Pereira Rodrigues Layout and process management The Statistical Yearbook 2012 has been produced through a script in R developed by Eric Hermouet, with the assistance of Harumi Shibata, Habibur Rahman Khan, Emanuela Furfaro and Nan Ye. Cover design Laksanawadee Klawploadtook and Krisana Boonpriroje.
Acknowledgements
This publication would not have been possible without the contribution of data from numerous international agencies (listed below) which compiled and produced statistics. Special thanks are extended to the ILO Employment Trends Unit, the UNESCO Institute for Statistics, and the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) for providing datasets and contributing to the calculation of regional and economic aggregates. List of online data sources Asian Development Bank (ADB), Key Indicators EM-DAT: Emergency Events Database Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), Global Forest Resources Assessment International Energy Agency Database International Labour Organization (ILO), Key Indicators of the Labour Market Sixth Edition International Monetary Fund (IMF), International Financial Statistics International Telecommunication Union (ITU), World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Inter-Parliamentary Union, Women in National Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), Global Report: UNAIDS Report on the Global Epidemic 2010 UNSD, National Accounts Main Aggregates Database Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Development Database on Aid from DAC Members; OECD.Stat database; and The Gender, Institutions and Development database UNdata ESCAP, Transport Division UNESCO Institute for Statistics, Data Centre United Nations Comtrade United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), World Investment Report United Nations Environment Programme, Emission Database for Global Atmospheric Research United Nations Millennium Development Goals Indicators United Nations Population Division (UNPD); World Population Prospects, The 2010 Revision; World Urbanization Prospects, The 2009 Revision; World Migrant Stock, The 2008 Revision United Nations Service Trade Database WHO Global Health Observatory; World Malaria Programme, World Malaria Report 2011; WHO Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse; Global status report on road safety World Bank, Development Research Group, World Development Indicators World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) World Trade Organization (WTO) http://www.adb.org/ http://www.emdat.be/ http://www.fao.org/ http://www.iea.org/ http://www.ilo.org/ http://www.imf.org http://www.itu.int/ http://www.iucn.org/nature http://www.ipu.org/wmn-e/ http://www.unaids.org/AIDS/globalreport http://unstats.un.org/unsd http://www.oecd.org
http://data.un.org/ http://www.unescap.org/ttdw/ http://www.uis.unesco.org http://comtrade.un.org/ http://www.unctad.org/ http://edgar.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ http://mdgs.un.org/ http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/ http://esa.un.org/migration/ http://unstats.un.org/unsd/ http://www.who.int http://apps.who.int/ghodata/ http://data.worldbank.org/ http://unwto.org/ http://www.wto.org/
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Asia-Pacific development 2012
Did you know?

People
More than 4.2 billion people lived in the Asia-Pacific region in 2011, constituting 60% of the worlds population...
The region includes the only two countries in the world that have populations exceeding 1 billion: China and India.
Fertility rates have declined in the region; in 2011, the region-wide fertility rate was equal to the replacement rate (2.1 births per woman)
East and North-East Asia and North and Central Asia have the lowest fertility rates in the region, 1.6 and 1.8 live births per woman, respectively. The highest rates are found in South and South-West Asia, at 2.6, and the Pacific island developing economies, at 3.6. Among female adolescents (women aged 15-19 years) in the Asia-Pacific region, during the period 2005-2010, the fertility rate was 45.2 live births per 1,000 women less than half the rate in Africa and almost triple the rate in Europe. Afghanistan and Nepal were the only two countries in the region whose adolescent fertility rate exceeded 100.
The Asia-Pacific region has the highest ratio of boys to girls in the world...
In Asia and the Pacific, the child sex ratio (boys per 100 girls aged 0-14) was 110 in 2011, much higher than the sex ratio under natural conditions (105). The population sex ratio in the region was 104 (men per 100 women) in 2011. The child sex ratio and the population sex ratio are higher than in any other region of the world. In 2011, China had the highest child sex ratio (121) and population sex ratio (108) in the region.
The elderly numbered 301 million in the Asia-Pacific region in 2011...

The proportion of the elderly (aged 65 and above) in Asia and the Pacific increased from 5.3% in 1990 to 7.1% in 2011, representing a 36% increase in their share of the total population. By subregion, the share of the elderly increased by 51% in East and North-East Asia, 42% in South-East Asia, 31% in South and South-West Asia, 20% in North and Central Asia, and 19% in the Pacific. Over the last decade, the life expectancy for both women and men increased in every country in the Asia-Pacific region (with available data); the largest increase was seen in Nepal, where the life expectancy for women increased by 4.1 years, and for men by 3.7 years.
Urbanization in the Asia-Pacific region is increasing, along with the rest of the world...
Between 2005 and 2010, the urban proportion of the worlds population overtook the rural proportion. That tendency continued in 2011, rising from 49% in 2005 to 51% in 2011. In Asia and the Pacific (the second least urbanized region in the world) the proportion of the urban population increased from 33% in 1990 to 43% in 2011. Between 2005 and 2011, the proportion of the urban slum population in the region decreased from 35% to 31%.
In 2010, the Asia-Pacific region was host to 53 million international migrants...

Migrants living in the region comprised 25% of the worlds total migrant population in 2010. The proportion of migrants in the total Asia-Pacific population was 1.3%.
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In 2011, 2.4 million infants and 3.0 million children under 5 died in the Asia-Pacific region representing a 4% reduction from 2010 mortality rates.
During the period 1990-2011, the under-five mortality rate decreased by 50%, from 83 deaths per 1,000 live births in 1990 to 42 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2011. The infant mortality rate dropped from 61 deaths per 1,000 live births in 1990 to 33 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2011. As of 2011, Afghanistan still had the highest under-five mortality rate (101), followed by Pakistan (72), Tajikistan (63) and Myanmar (62). In 2011, the lowest under-five mortality rate in the region was registered in both Japan and Singapore, each with 3 deaths per 1,000 live births.
The maternal mortality ratio in the Asia-Pacific region declined by more than 50% during the past two decades, from 379 deaths per 100,000 live births in 1990 to 146 deaths per 100,000 live births in 2010.
In 2012, regionally, and when compared to 1990 levels, the lives of over 200,000 women were saved. Nevertheless, over 100,000 maternal deaths in the region occurred in 2012, which accounted for 37% of the worlds total maternal deaths. The difference in the maternal mortality ratios between low-income and highincome countries was extreme: 260 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births in low-income countries; 8 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births in high-income countries. Maternal mortality is closely linked with antenatal care. In 2010, approximately 14 million women in the region did not have a single pregnancy-related antenatal care visit, and 22 million births were not attended by skilled health personnel (19 million of these births occurred in South and South-West Asia).
In 2010, in the Asia-Pacific region, 191,066 people living with HIV had access to antiretroviral therapy (ART), an increase from 2009
In 2009, there were 14,400 additional deaths from AIDS than in 2005. However, given that between 2000 and 2005 there were 66,200 additional deaths from AIDS, this was progress.
Malaria affected 10.6 million people in the Asia-Pacific region in 2010...

In Asia and the Pacific, the number of reported cases of malaria declined during the period 2005-2010, down by 575 thousand annual reported cases. Despite this decline, 3,310 people in Asia and the Pacific died due to malaria in 2010. Papua New Guinea had the highest malaria incidence in 2010, with 18,287 cases per 100,000 population, followed by Solomon Islands (13,660), Timor-Leste (10,590) and Vanuatu (7,023).
Although the incidence rate of tuberculosis declined during the last two decades in the Asia-Pacific region, 5.9 million new cases were reported in 2010...
In Asia and the Pacific there were 142 new cases of tuberculosis diagnosed per 100,000 population in 2010, and a total of 8.7 million people were living with tuberculosis.
In the Asia-Pacific region smoking prevalence is higher among men than women
In 2009, 42% of the men in Asia and the Pacific were smoking (compared to 37% of all men globally); 5% of the women in Asia and the Pacific were smoking (compared to 9% of all women globally).
In the last two decades, in the Asia-Pacific region, female participation in the labour force declined overall, but increased in the non-agricultural sectors...
Female participation in the Asian and Pacific labour force declined from 65 employed women per 100 employed men in 1991 to 62 employed women per 100 employed men in 2010. During the same period, female participation in the labour force increased in non-agricultural sectors, from 49 women per 100 employed men in 1991 to 54 women per 100 employed men in 2010. In Asia and the Pacific, 45% of employed women were engaged in the agricultural sector in 2009, compared with 37% of men. The proportion of women employed in industry and services has remained relatively constant in the last 20 years, from 17% in 1991 to 19% in 2009 in industry, and from 22% in 1991 to 36% in 2009 in services.
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Womens access to land and property remains very limited in some countries in the Asia-Pacific region
Womens access to land was classified (by OECD) as very limited in seven countries in South and South-West Asia (Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, the Islamic Republic of Iran, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka), two countries in South-East Asia (Lao Peoples Democratic Republic and Timor-Leste), two countries in the Pacific (Fiji and Papua New Guinea) and one country in East and North-East Asia (Mongolia).
In almost all countries in the Asia-Pacific region, women remain underrepresented in national and local politics
In terms of parliamentary representation, in 2011, women occupied slightly more than 30% of the seats in their national parliaments in only two countries in Asia and Pacific: Nepal (33%) and New Zealand (34%).
The number of people living in extreme poverty in the Asia-Pacific region declined from about 1.7 billion in 1990 to 0.8 billion in 2010
Based on the available data, in 2010 the proportion of people living in extreme poverty (those living on less than PPP$1.25 per day) was highest in Bangladesh (43%), followed by India (33%). In 2010, 57% of the world population living in extreme poverty lived in Asia and the Pacific, down from 71% in 1990.
In 2010, in the Asia-Pacific region, 380 million people lacked access to improved water sources and 1.74 billion lacked access to improved sanitation
Region-wide access to improved water sources increased from 73% of the total population in 1990 to 91% in 2010. In 2010, 97% of the urban population and 86% of the rural population had improved water sources. Access to improved sanitation increased from 36% to 58% of the total population during the same period. Rural access to improved sanitation grew from 22% to 46% between 1990 and 2010, while urban access grew from 65% to 75%.
Environment
The Asia-Pacific region accounted for 50% (up from 38% in 1990) of the worlds total CO2 emissions in 2009...
In 2006, the total CO2 emissions in Asia and the Pacific stood at 14.5 billion tons. The annual growth rate was, however, decreasing. In 2009, total CO2 emissions grew in the region by 2.6%, down from 4.1% in 2008. In 2009, China was the single largest emitter of greenhouse gases worldwide, emitting 6.8 billion tons of CO2, which was 1.1 billion tons more CO2 than from all of North America. However, as of 2009, on a per capita basis, the North American rate of emissions was 3.3 times higher than that of China. The subregion with the highest carbon intensity in 2009 was North and Central Asia, with 824 grams of CO2 emissions per 1 dollar of GDP (2005 PPP); South-East Asia was the subregion with the lowest carbon intensity, with 391 grams of CO2 per 1 dollar of GDP (2005 PPP).
In 2009, the Asia-Pacific region produced more energy than any other region in the world, accounting for 46% of total global production...
Within Asia and the Pacific, the subregion with highest energy production in 2009 was East and North-East Asia, with 2.3 billion tons of oil equivalent; the Pacific was the subregion with the lowest production of energy, with 326 million tons of oil equivalent. In per capita terms, in 2009, the total primary energy supply (TPES) in Asia and the Pacific was 1,367 kgs of oil equivalent, which was 24% below the worlds average. Between 2000 and 2009, electricity production in Asia and the Pacific grew by an average of 5.3% per year, and its share of world electricity production increased from 34% to 44%.
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East and North-East Asia produced 5,262 billion kWh of electricity in 2009, almost 60% of the Asia-Pacific total, with China and Japan collectively accounting for 4,744 billion kWh. Between 2000 and 2009, the household electricity consumption grew on average 6.8% each year in South and South-West Asia, while it decreased 1.2% in North and Central Asia. However, in 2009, South and South-West Asia was still the subregion with the lowest household electricity consumption in the region, with 169 kWh per capita. The highest household electricity consumption was in Pacific subregion, with 2,752 kWh per capita, mainly due to the performance of Australia and New Zealand.
In 2009, the Asia-Pacific region accounted for 30% of the worlds primary forest and 54% of the worlds planted forest...
During the last decade, the total forest area in Asia and the Pacific increased by 89,291 square kilometres, but there were huge differences between subregions. South-East Asia lost about 332,000 square kilometres of forest, an area roughly equal to the size of Viet Nam. In contrast, East and North-East Asia increased its amount of forest area by 454,284 square kilometres, an area larger than Uzbekistan.
Natural disasters killed (on average) more than 70,000 people every year during the past decade in the Asia-Pacific region, and in 2011 the mortality from natural disasters was particularly high for East and North-East Asia...
In 2011, the Asian and Pacific region paid a huge human toll as a result of natural disasters. In East and NorthEast Asia almost 21 thousand people died due to natural disasters. In 2011, more than 170 million people in Asia and the Pacific were affected by natural disasters. South-East Asia was particularly hard hit by natural disasters. In 2011 alone, 14.3 million people in South-East Asia were impacted by natural disasters. Of the worlds total, in 2011, Asia and the Pacific included 83% of those affected by natural disasters, 81% of deaths due to natural disasters, and 80% of economic damage from natural disasters. In 2011, East and North-East Asia was the subregion with highest economic damages from natural disasters, with Japan accounting for 74% of the economic damages in the entire region.
Economy
Defying the ongoing world financial crisis, the Asia-Pacific region maintained positive GDP growth in 2010
GDP growth in Asia and the Pacific was positive in 2010, at 6.6%. The low and lower-middle income countries showed average GDP growth rates of 6.1% and 9.4%, respectively. Growth in upper-middle and high income countries was 5.5% and 4.5%, respectively, almost similar to growth rates for the world. The gross domestic investment rate in Asia and the Pacific increased in 2010 to 3.9%, up from its negative rate in 2009. In 2010, the regional average investment rate was 31% of GDP.
Monetary effects of the ongoing global financial crisis are also apparent in the Asia-Pacific region
Inflation in Asia and the Pacific increased from 2.6% in 2009 to 3.8% in 2010. Japan was the only country in the region that experienced deflation in 2010. In 2011, the central bank discount rate was lowered in 5 of the 26 Asia-Pacific countries for which data were available 12 were heightened and 9 stayed constant. In Asia and the Pacific, 13 currencies depreciated vis--vis the United States dollar, 26 currencies appreciated and 24 currencies appreciated by 2.0% or more.
In 2010, compared to other regions, the Asia-Pacific region had the lowest unemployment rate at 4.6%...
Unemployment rates in all other regions of the world (Africa, 8.1%; Europe, 9.7%; Latin America and Caribbean, 7.2%; North America, 9.5%) were higher than that in Asia and the Pacific in 2010. Of those employed in Asia and the Pacific, 39% were in the agricultural sector, 37% in services and 24% in industry.
Employment is higher for men than women...

Male employment-to-population ratio in the region was 76, while the female ratio was 48. Notably, 6 of the 10 countries in South and South-West Asia had a male employment-to-population ratio of more than double the female ratio.
In 2011, with 36% of total merchandise exports, the Asia-Pacific region surpassed Europe to become the top exporter of merchandise
In 2011, the share of total world merchandise exports in Asia and the Pacific (36.3%) was higher than that in Europe (36.1%). The total share of world merchandise imports in the region, in 2011, was 34.7%, well below Europes share of 36.1%. In the past decade, the share of export and imports of merchandise from the Asia-Pacific region has shown the largest gains, increasing from 28.4% and 25.1% in 2002 to 36.3% and 34.7% in 2011. In contrast, the shares of Europe and North America in world merchandise exports for the period 2002-2011 dropped from 43.6% to 36.1% and 14.6% to 10.6%, while the share of imports declined from 41.1% to 36.1% and 21.2% to 14.9% respectively.
Trade dependence in the Asia-Pacific region has more than doubled since 1990...
As measured by the ratio of merchandise exports to GDP, the regional dependence on trade increased from 11% in 1990 to 31% in 2011.
In 2011, China was the top exporter and importer of services in the Asia-Pacific region...
Between 2000 and 2011, Japans share of export of services fell from 22% to 12.5%, and import of services fell from 29% to 14%. Chinas share of export of services increased from 10% to 16%, and its share of import of services doubled from 10% to 20%, making it the country with the highest exporter and importer of services in the Asia and the Pacific, followed by India, whose share of export and import of services more than doubled, from 5% to 13% and 5% to 11% respectively.
In 2010, foreign direct investment (FDI) inflow to the Asia-Pacific region increased by 23%...
FDI increased from US$351 billion in 2009 to US$431 billion in 2010. FDI as a proportion of GDP increased in three subregions: East and North-East Asia, 1.6%; South-East Asia, 5.0%; and the Pacific, 2.6%. In 2010, the major sources of FDI outflow in the region were China, Japan, the Russian Federation, and Hong Kong, China. Collectively, in 2010, they provided almost one fifth of the world total FDI outflow.
Overseas workers remittances contribute substantially to many countries in the Asia-Pacific region
In 2010, remittances from overseas workers in Asia and the Pacific increased by 12%, from US$125 billion in 2009 to US$140 billion in 2010. Remittances were most significant, as a proportion of GDP, for Tajikistan (at 40%), Kyrgyzstan (27%), Nepal (21%), Samoa (20%), Bangladesh (11%) and the Philippines (8%).
Connectivity
The Asia-Pacific region accounted for more than 50% of the worlds mobile-cellular population in 2008, and the number of subscribers continues to grow
The total number of mobile-cellular subscribers in Asia and the Pacific grew from 52% in 2008 to 57% in 2011, and the rate of growth shows no sign of abating.
With over 1.1 billion users in 2011, the number of Internet users in the Asia-Pacific region represents about half (49.7%) of the world's total Internet user population (2.3 billion)
During the period 2005-2010, the average annual growth rate in the Internet user population in the region was 20% higher than the world average of 13%. However, the percentage of Internet users (per 100 people) in the region stood at 27% in 2011 well below the world average of 33%.
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In 2011, over 30 million fixed (wired) broadband subscribers were added in China alone, which accounted for 50% of the increase in the total number of subscribers worldwide (60 million)
Despite the large increase in the number of fixed (wired) broadband subscribers in China, the Asia-Pacific region, with 6.7 broadband users per 100 people, remains well below the level of use in North America (29.1) and Europe (25.1).
In 2010, 20 of the worlds top container ports (in terms of throughput) were in the Asia-Pacific region, including the top five...
The top five container ports in Asia and the Pacific were located in China; Japan; Republic of Korea; Singapore; and Hong Kong, China.
During the period 1995-2009, the overall demand for Asian and Pacific rail passenger transport services grew by 76%; freight transport grew by 89% to 2010...
In 1995 there were 1.2 trillion passenger-kilometres and 2.9 trillion ton-kilometres of freight transported by railways in Asia and the Pacific. In 2009 there were 2.2 trillion passenger-kilometres, and in 2010 there were 5.5 trillion ton-kilometres of freight. The railways of China, India and Japan registered the highest number of passenger-kilometres in 2009. In 2010, China, India and the Russian Federation recorded the most freight (in tons-kilometres).
Half of the substandard roadways in the Asian Highway network were upgraded to the minimum standard between 2004 and 2010...
Approximately 17,000 kilometres of Asian Highway substandard roads were upgraded to the minimum standard (double bituminous-treated roads with two lanes) between 2004 and 2010, leaving only 8.0% of network roadways below the minimum standard.
In 2010, inbound tourist arrivals in the Asia-Pacific region totalled nearly 250 million (27% of the worlds total number of tourist arrivals)...
The number of inbound tourist arrivals in the region totalled nearly 250 million in 2010, up 11% from 2009. With the exception of the Pacific, all of the subregions recorded double-digit percentage increases in inbound tourist arrivals. In the region, expenditures by inbound tourists rose to US$350 billion in 2011, up from US$310 billion the previous year. China, Malaysia and Turkey saw the most inbound tourism arrivals.
The Asia-Pacific region accounted for over 25% of the worlds total CO2 emissions from transport in 2009
In 2009, the transport industry in Asia and the Pacific emitted 1,752 million tons of CO2 (total world CO2 emissions in 2009 was 6,544 million tons). Of those emissions, the road sector was responsible for 84% of the emissions, 12.6% came from aviation and 2.9% from rail.
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Table of contents
Preface............................................................................................................................................................... iii Production team ............................................................................................................................................... v Acknowledgements ......................................................................................................................................... vi Asia-Pacific development 2012: Did you know? .......................................................................................... vii Country profiles Afghanistan ............................................................................................................................................ 1 American Samoa ................................................................................................................................... 3 Armenia .................................................................................................................................................. 5 Australia.................................................................................................................................................. 7 Azerbaijan............................................................................................................................................... 9 Bangladesh ........................................................................................................................................... 11 Bhutan................................................................................................................................................... 13 Brunei Darussalam.............................................................................................................................. 15 Cambodia ............................................................................................................................................. 17 China ..................................................................................................................................................... 19 Hong Kong, China.............................................................................................................................. 21 Macao, China ....................................................................................................................................... 23 Cook Islands ........................................................................................................................................ 25 Democratic Republic of Korea......................................................................................................... 27 Fiji.......................................................................................................................................................... 29 French Polynesia ................................................................................................................................. 31 Georgia ................................................................................................................................................. 33 Guam .................................................................................................................................................... 35 India ...................................................................................................................................................... 37 Indonesia .............................................................................................................................................. 39 Iran, Islamic Republic of.................................................................................................................... 41 Japan...................................................................................................................................................... 43 Kazakhstan........................................................................................................................................... 45 Kiribati .................................................................................................................................................. 47 Kyrgyzstan............................................................................................................................................ 49 Lao Peoples Democratic Republic.................................................................................................. 51 Malaysia................................................................................................................................................. 53 Maldives................................................................................................................................................ 55 Marshall Islands................................................................................................................................... 57 Micronesia, Federated States of ....................................................................................................... 59 Mongolia............................................................................................................................................... 61 Myanmar............................................................................................................................................... 63 Nauru .................................................................................................................................................... 65 Nepal..................................................................................................................................................... 67 New Caledonia .................................................................................................................................... 69 New Zealand........................................................................................................................................ 71 Niue....................................................................................................................................................... 73 Northern Mariana Islands.................................................................................................................. 75 Pakistan................................................................................................................................................. 77 Palau ...................................................................................................................................................... 79 Papua New Guinea ............................................................................................................................. 81
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Philippines............................................................................................................................................ 83 Republic of Korea............................................................................................................................... 85 Russian Federation.............................................................................................................................. 87 Samoa.................................................................................................................................................... 89 Singapore .............................................................................................................................................. 91 Solomon Islands.................................................................................................................................. 93 Sri Lanka............................................................................................................................................... 95 Tajikistan .............................................................................................................................................. 97 Thailand ................................................................................................................................................ 99 Timor-Leste .......................................................................................................................................101 Tonga ..................................................................................................................................................103 Turkey .................................................................................................................................................105 Turkmenistan.....................................................................................................................................107 Tuvalu .................................................................................................................................................109 Uzbekistan..........................................................................................................................................111 Vanuatu...............................................................................................................................................113 Viet Nam ............................................................................................................................................115 Regional and subregional comparative tables Asia-Pacific and other regions of the World ................................................................................119 Asia-Pacific: Country income level groups ...................................................................................122 Asia-Pacific: Selected groups - ASEAN, SAARC, ECO, Central Asia ....................................125 Technical notes.............................................................................................................................................128 Statistical methods........................................................................................................................................145
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Afghanistan
Unless otherwise specified, the charts below use the following color legend: world aggregate; AsiaPacific aggregate; Afghanistan
Health
Mortality rate (death per 1 000 live births) Infant, 2011 Underfive, 2011 Children underfive underweight (%), 2004 Maternal mortality ratio, 2010 (deaths per 100 000 live births) Antenatal care, at least 1 visit, 2010 (% of women with live birth) Population living with HIV, Total adults, Female adults, HIV prevalence rate, (% of population aged 1549) Maternal mortality 19902010 72.7 101.1 32.9 460.0 63.4
Education
Net enrolment in primary education (*), 1993 Net enrolment in secondary education (*), 2007 Gross enrolment in tertiary education (*), 2009 (*) % of respective school aged population Adult literacy rate (*), Male (*), Female (*), (*) % of population aged 15 yrs and above 25.7 24.1 3.3
1.2
Gender disparity in education Ratio of female to male enrolment rates
Population total (millions), 2011 Population growth (annual average, %), 200510 Urban population (% of total), 2011 Population density (population per km), 2011 Foreign population (% of total), 2010 Net migration rate, 200510 (migrants per 1 000 pop.) Fertility rate (live births per woman), 2011 Adolescent fertility rate, 200510 (live births per 1 000 women aged 1519 yrs) Life expectancy (years), 200510 Male Female
32.4 2.6 22.9 49.7 0.3 2.6 6.2 118.7 47.3 48.5 48.8
deaths per 100 000 live births 500 1000 1500 2000
Demographics trends
Births attended by skilled health personnel
Ratio
0.6
No data available
0.0 1993 1993 Primary 1993 2007 Secondary 1990 2009 Tertiary
Public expenditure on education as % of GDP, as % of total government expenditure,

1990 2010
Gross domestic expenditure on research and development(% of GDP), 18.0 74.0 9.0 1.6 2.1 4.0
12 10 % per annum 8 6 4
Government health expenditure, 2010 (% of government expenditure) Number of physicians (*), 2009 Number of hospital beds (*), 2010 (*) per 10 000 population
Pupils per teacher
Annual population growth rate, 19902011
Years of life lost (YLL), (% of YLL), 2008 Communicable diseases Noncommunicable diseases Injuries
Pupils to teacher ratio, 19902010

60 50 40 30 20
in primary education
15 2 0 1990 2000 2010 % of GDP 10
Total health expenditure, 19952010

Pupils per teacher
1990 40
1995
2000
2005
2010
in secondary education
35 30 25 20 15 2000 2005 2010 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Population age structure, 1990 and 2011

Female 80+ yrs 7579 7074 6569 6064 5559 5054 4549 4044 3539 3034 2529 2024 1519 1014 59 04 20 15 10 5 0 0 5 10 Male
1995
Poverty & inequalities

1990 2011
Population living in poverty below $1.25 2005 PPP a day, (% of pop.), below national poverty line (% of pop.), 2008 Gini index(income equality coefficient), 2008 Population lacking access to improved water sources (% of pop.) , 2010 Rural Urban improved sanitation (% of pop.) , 2010 Rural 50.0 58.0 22.0 63.0 70.0 40.0
0.0
People lacking access to improved water sources and improved sanitation, 19902010
36.0 27.8
Million people 15.0 20.0 Water Sanitation
10.0
5.0
15
20
Urban
% of total population Statistical Yearbook for Asia and the Pacific 2012 ESCAP Statistics Division
1995
2000
2005
2010
Page 1
Air pollution and climate change

Carbon dioxide emissions, 2009 Total (millions tons of CO2 ) Grams per 1 000 GDP 2005 PPP dollars Consumption of ozone depleting substance (grams per capita), 2009 1.6
Economic growth
GDP at current prices (billion US $), 2010 Growth rate (annual average, %), 200510 Per capita (2005 PPP $), 2010 Gross domestic investment rate (% of GDP), 2010 15.7 7.5 1 185
Connectivity
Fixed telephone mainlines (*), 2011 Mobile cellular subscriptions (*), 2011 Internet users (*), 2011 Fixed broadband internet subscribers (*), 2010 (*) per 100 population 0.0 54.3 5.0 0.0
26.5
CO2 emissions per capita, 19902011

Million 2005 US dollars
9600 8640 7680 6720 5760 4800 3840 2880 1920 960 0 1990
Value added by sector

Agriculture Industry Services Per 100 population 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 2000 1995 2000 2005 2010
Internet users, 20002011
No data available
2005
2010
Water
Renewable water available (m per capita per annum), 2010 Domestic water withdrawal (m per capita per annum), 2007 2 069 7.0
Fiscal balance
Government revenue (% of GDP), 2009 Government expenditure (% of GDP), 2009 8.7
Per 100 population
10 8 6 4 2 0 2000
Fixed broadband internet subscribers, 20002011
21.8
Monetary measures
Inflation rate(% per annum), Exchange rateagainst US dollar, 2011 (% change per annum) 0.6
Water withdrawal by sector, 2000
Agriculture 98.8 %
Industry 0.6 % Domestic use 0.7 %
Labour
Employmenttopopulation ratio, 2011 Population aged 15 and above Females aged 15 and above Males aged 15 and above Unemployment rate (% of labour force), 2005 Females Males Youth unemployment rate % of labour force aged 1524, 45.1 13.8 74.1 8.5 9.5 7.6
2005
2010
Railway density (*), Road density (*), 2010 (*) Km of railway/road per 1 000 km land area Paved roads(% of roads), 2010 Passenger cars(per 1 000 population), 2010 Road traffic deaths (per 100 000 population), 2007
64.6 29.3 21.0 36.3
Energy
Total primary energy supply (kg of oil equivalent) Per capita, Per 1 000 GDP 2005 PPP dollar,
Energy consumption by sector, 19902009

% of total final consumption 40 30 20 10 0
Employment by sector, 19902010
Transport sector CO2 emissions per capita, 19902009
No data available
No data available
1990 2009 Industry
1990 2009 Transport
1990 2009 Residential
Biodiversity
Areas protected Marine (% of territorial water) Terrestrial (% of surface area) Forest area(% of land area), 2010 0.0 0.4 2.1
International relations
Exports of merchandise(% of GDP), 2010 Imports of merchandise(% of GDP), 2010 Exports of services(% of GDP), 1989 Imports of services(% of GDP), 1989 FDI inflows(% of GDP), 2010 FDI outflows(% of GDP), ODA received(% of GDP), 2010 Workers remittances received(% of GDP), Net external debt (% of GDP), 2010 2.5 32.9 0.0 2.9 1.3 40.7 14.7
Inbound tourism expenditure (% of GDP), Outbound tourism expenditure (% of GDP),
The present country profile for Afghanistan is part of a series of country profiles for each of the 58 ESCAP regional members and published as part of the Statistical Yearbook for Asia and the Pacific 2012. Further information regarding data series used in this country profile, including indicator definitions and data sources, are available from the Statistical Yearbook website at http://www.unescap.org/stat/data/syb2012. For most indicators, times series data from 1990 to the latest year with data available can also be accessed and downloaded from the online database available from the website. ESCAP Statistics Division October 2012
Forest area, 19902011

35 30 % of land area 25 20 15 10 5 0 1990 2000 2010
120 100 Percentage 80 60 40 20
Intraregional imports and exports shares, 19902011

Exports Imports
Natural disasters
Deaths(number per annum), 2011 People affected (1 000 per annum), 2011 Economic damages (% of GDP), 2010
Page 2
83 1 753 0.0
Statistical Yearbook for Asia and the Pacific 2012 ESCAP Statistics Division 0 1990 2000 2010
American Samoa
Unless otherwise specified, the charts below use the following color legend: world aggregate; AsiaPacific aggregate; American Samoa
Health
Mortality rate (death per 1 000 live births) Infant, Underfive, Children underfive underweight (%), Maternal mortality ratio, (deaths per 100 000 live births) Antenatal care, at least 1 visit, (% of women with live birth) Population living with HIV, Total adults, Female adults, HIV prevalence rate, (% of population aged 1549)
Education
Net enrolment in primary education (*), Net enrolment in secondary education (*), Gross enrolment in tertiary education (*), (*) % of respective school aged population Adult literacy rate (*), Male (*), Female (*), (*) % of population aged 15 yrs and above
Demographics trends
Population total (thousands), 2011 Population growth (annual average, %), 200510 Urban population (% of total), 2010 Population density (population per km), 2011 Foreign population (% of total), 2010 Net migration rate, 200510 (migrants per 1 000 pop.) Fertility rate (live births per woman), Adolescent fertility rate, 200510 (live births per 1 000 women aged 1519 yrs) Life expectancy (years), 200510 Male Female 69.5 1.7 93.0 348.0 41.5
Maternal mortality
No data available
No data available
No data available
Primary Secondary Tertiary
Public expenditure on education as % of GDP, as % of total government expenditure, Gross domestic expenditure on research and development(% of GDP), Years of life lost (YLL), (% of YLL), 2008 Communicable diseases Noncommunicable diseases Injuries Government health expenditure, (% of government expenditure) Number of physicians (*), Number of hospital beds (*), (*) per 10 000 population

in primary education No data available

4
3 % per annum

1
in secondary education No data available

1990 2000 2010
No data available

Population living in poverty below $1.25 2005 PPP a day, (% of pop.), below national poverty line (% of pop.), No data available Gini index(income equality coefficient), Population lacking access to improved water sources (% of pop.) , Rural Urban improved sanitation (% of pop.) , Rural Urban
No data available
Statistical Yearbook for Asia and the Pacific 2012 ESCAP Statistics Division
Page 2

Carbon dioxide emissions, 2009 Total (millions tons of CO2 ) Grams per 1 000 GDP 2005 PPP dollars Consumption of ozone depleting substance (grams per capita),
Economic growth
Growth rate (annual average, %), 200510 Per capita (2005 PPP $), Gross domestic investment rate (% of GDP),
Connectivity
Fixed telephone mainlines (*), 2010 Mobile cellular subscriptions (*), Internet users (*), Fixed broadband internet subscribers (*), (*) per 100 population 15.2
Value added by sector CO2 emissions per capita, 19902011
No data available No data available
No data available
Water
Renewable water available (m per capita per annum), Domestic water withdrawal (m per capita per annum),
Fiscal balance
Government revenue (% of GDP), Government expenditure (% of GDP),
Monetary measures
Inflation rate(% per annum), Exchange rateagainst US dollar, (% change per annum)
No data available
Water withdrawal by sector
No data available
Labour
Employmenttopopulation ratio, 2011 Population aged 15 and above Females aged 15 and above Males aged 15 and above Unemployment rate (% of labour force), 2000 Females Males Youth unemployment rate % of labour force aged 1524, 1990 5.1 6.0 4.9 11.9 Railway density (*), Road density (*), (*) Km of railway/road per 1 000 km land area Paved roads(% of roads), Passenger cars(per 1 000 population), Road traffic deaths (per 100 000 population),
Energy

No data available
No data available
1990 2009 Industry
1990 2009 Transport
Biodiversity
Exports of merchandise(% of GDP), Imports of merchandise(% of GDP), Exports of services(% of GDP), Imports of services(% of GDP), FDI inflows(% of GDP), FDI outflows(% of GDP), ODA received(% of GDP), Workers remittances received(% of GDP), Net external debt (% of GDP),
The present country profile for American Samoa is part of a series of country profiles for each of the 58 ESCAP regional members and published as part of the Statistical Yearbook for Asia and the Pacific 2012. Further information regarding data series used in this country profile, including indicator definitions and data sources, are available from the Statistical Yearbook website at http://www.unescap.org/stat/data/syb2012. For most indicators, times series data from 1990 to the latest year with data available can also be accessed and downloaded

100 90 % of land area 80 70 60 50 40 30 1990 2000 2010
from the online database available from the website.
No data available
Natural disasters
Deaths(number per annum), 2011 People affected (1 000 per annum), 2011 Economic damages (% of GDP),
Page 3
ESCAP Statistics Division October 2012
0 0
Armenia
Unless otherwise specified, the charts below use the following color legend: world aggregate; AsiaPacific aggregate; Armenia
Health
Mortality rate (death per 1 000 live births) Infant, 2011 Underfive, 2011 Children underfive underweight (%), 2005 Maternal mortality ratio, 2010 (deaths per 100 000 live births) Antenatal care, at least 1 visit, 2010 (% of women with live birth) Population living with HIV, Total adults, 2009 Female adults, 2009 HIV prevalence rate, 2009 (% of population aged 1549) Maternal mortality 19902010 3.1 0.2 64.3 104.2 10.5 4.9 1.7 35.7 73.7 70.8 77.2
deaths per 100 000 live births 50 150 250 350 100
Education
15.6 17.5 4.2 30.0 99.1 1 900 1 000 0.1
1.2
Net enrolment in primary education (*), 2007 Net enrolment in secondary education (*), 2010 Gross enrolment in tertiary education (*), 2010 (*) % of respective school aged population Adult literacy rate (*), 2010 Male (*), 2010 Female (*), 2010 (*) % of population aged 15 yrs and above
87.1 86.3 51.5
99.6 99.7 99.4
Demographics trends
Births attended by skilled health personnel, 2005
Ratio
0.6
% of live births 40 60 80
Public expenditure on education as % of GDP, 2010 as % of total government expenditure, 2009

Urban Rural
20
3.2 13.0 0.27
1990
2010
Richest Poorest
Gross domestic expenditure on research and development(% of GDP), 2009
Pupils per teacher

2
Years of life lost (YLL), (% of YLL), 2008 Communicable diseases Noncommunicable diseases Injuries Government health expenditure, 2010 (% of government expenditure) Number of physicians (*), 2009 Number of hospital beds (*), 2009 (*) per 10 000 population
77.0 14.0 9.0 6.4 37.6 37.0
35 30 25 20 15

1 % per annum
1 15 2 Pupils per teacher
1990 30
1995
2000
2005
2010
25 20 15 10 5 2000 2005 2010 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 % of GDP 10
3 1990 2000 2010

Female
80+ yrs 7579 7074 6569 6064 5559 5054 4549 4044 3539 3034 2529 2024 1519 1014 59 04
1995
Male

1990 2011
Population living in poverty below $1.25 2005 PPP a day, (% of pop.), 2008 below national poverty line (% of pop.), 2010 Gini index(income equality coefficient), 2008 Population lacking access to improved water sources (% of pop.) , 2010 Rural Urban improved sanitation (% of pop.) , 2010 Rural 2.0 3.0 1.0 10.0 20.0 5.0
0
1.3 35.8
Thousand people 400 Water 300 Sanitation
30.9
200
100
14 12 10
10 12 14
Urban
1995
2000
2005
2010
Page 3

Carbon dioxide emissions, 2009 Total (millions tons of CO2 ) Grams per 1 000 GDP 2005 PPP dollars Consumption of ozone depleting substance (grams per capita), 2009 4 287.0 8.1
Economic growth
Connectivity
33.4
8 Tons per capita 6 4 2 0

6800 6120 5440 4760 4080 3400 2720 2040 1360 680 0 1990

1990
2000
2010
2005
2010
Water
Fiscal balance
Per 100 population
10 8 6 4 2 0 2000
24.5
Monetary measures
Inflation rate(% per annum), 2011 Exchange rateagainst US dollar, 2011 (% change per annum) 7.7 0.3

Agriculture 65.8 %
Industry 4.4 %
Labour
Employmenttopopulation ratio, 2011 Population aged 15 and above Females aged 15 and above Males aged 15 and above Unemployment rate (% of labour force), 2008 Females Males Youth unemployment rate % of labour force aged 1524, 2008
800
2005
2010
Domestic use 29.8 %
Energy
Total primary energy supply (kg of oil equivalent) Per capita, 2009 Per 1 000 GDP 2005 PPP dollar, 2009 843 175
40.9 31.8 52.1 28.6 35.0 21.9 45.5
Railway density (*), 2010 Road density (*), 2010 (*) Km of railway/road per 1 000 km land area Paved roads(% of roads), 2010 Passenger cars(per 1 000 population), 2010 Road traffic deaths (per 100 000 population), 2007
29.0 270.5 90.5 94.0 13.6


Agriculture Industry Services

1.0 0.8 Tons per capita 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0
Thousand people
600
400
200
1990 2009 Industry
1990 2009 Transport
0 1990 2000 2010
1990
2000
2010
Biodiversity
Exports of merchandise(% of GDP), 2011 Imports of merchandise(% of GDP), 2011 Exports of services(% of GDP), 2011 Imports of services(% of GDP), 2011 FDI inflows(% of GDP), 2011 FDI outflows(% of GDP), 2011 ODA received(% of GDP), 2010 Workers remittances received(% of GDP), 2010 Net external debt (% of GDP), 2010 13.6 42.4 8.4 11.4 5.4 0.8 3.6 0.8 65.1
Inbound tourism expenditure (% of GDP), 2011 Outbound tourism expenditure (% of GDP), 2011
4.9 5.6
The present country profile for Armenia is part of a series of country profiles for each of the 58 ESCAP regional members and published as part of the Statistical Yearbook for Asia and the Pacific 2012. Further information regarding data series used in this country profile, including indicator definitions and data sources, are available from the Statistical Yearbook website at http://www.unescap.org/stat/data/syb2012. For most indicators, times series data from 1990 to the latest year with data available can also be accessed and downloaded from the online database available from the website. ESCAP Statistics Division October 2012

35 30 % of land area 25 20 15 10 5
80 60 Percentage 40 20

Exports Imports
1990
2000
2010
Natural disasters
Page 4
0 0 0.0
0 1990 2000 2010
Australia
Unless otherwise specified, the charts below use the following color legend: world aggregate; AsiaPacific aggregate; Australia
Health
Mortality rate (death per 1 000 live births) Infant, 2011 Underfive, 2011 Children underfive underweight (%), Maternal mortality ratio, 2010 (deaths per 100 000 live births) Antenatal care, at least 1 visit, 2008 (% of women with live birth) Population living with HIV, Total adults, 2009 Female adults, 2009 HIV prevalence rate, 2009 (% of population aged 1549) Maternal mortality 19902010 22.6 1.7 89.3 2.9 21.2 10.5 2.0 16.5 81.4 79.7 84.1
Education
4.1 4.5 7.0 98.3 20 000 6 200 0.1
1.2
Net enrolment in primary education (*), 2010 Net enrolment in secondary education (*), 2010 Gross enrolment in tertiary education (*), 2010 (*) % of respective school aged population Adult literacy rate (*), Male (*), Female (*), (*) % of population aged 15 yrs and above
97.1 85.5 79.9
Demographics trends
Ratio 0.6 0.0 1990 2010 Primary 1993 2010 Secondary 1990 2010 Tertiary
No data available

1990 2010
5.1 12.9 2.37
Gross domestic expenditure on research and development(% of GDP), 2008 79.0 6.0 15.0 16.8 29.9 38.0
Pupils per teacher

2.0
35 30 25 20 15

1.5 % per annum
1.0
0.5
15
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
% of GDP 10
0.0 1990 2000 2010
No data available

Female
80+ yrs 7579 7074 6569 6064 5559 5054 4549 4044 3539 3034 2529 2024 1519 1014 59 04
1995
2000
2005
2010
Male

1990 2011
Population living in poverty below $1.25 2005 PPP a day, (% of pop.), below national poverty line (% of pop.), Gini index(income equality coefficient), 1994 Population lacking access to improved water sources (% of pop.) , 2010 Rural Urban improved sanitation (% of pop.) , 2010 Rural 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0

80.0 Thousand people 100.0 Water Sanitation
35.2
60.0 40.0 20.0
14 12 10
10 12 14
Urban
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Page 4

Economic growth
GDP at current prices (billion US $), 2010 Growth rate (annual average, %), 200510 Per capita (2005 PPP $), 2009 Gross domestic investment rate (% of GDP), 2010 1 271.9 2.7 34 216
Connectivity
27.6
25 Tons per capita 20 15 10 5 0

Billion 2005 US dollars
850 765 595 510 425 340 255 170 85 680

Agriculture Industry Services 100 Per 100 population 80 60 40 20 0 2000 1995 2000 2005 2010
1990
2000
2010
0 1990
2005
2010
Water
Fiscal balance
Per 100 population
30 25 20 15 10 5 0 2000
26.8
Monetary measures

Agriculture 73.8 %
Labour
2005
2010
Energy
Total primary energy supply (kg of oil equivalent) Per capita, 2010 Per 1 000 GDP 2005 PPP dollar, 2009 5 651 175
10 8 Million people
62.1 55.7 68.6 5.1 5.3 4.9 11.3
1.1 106.4 38.7 550.0 7.7



5 4 Tons per capita 3 2 1 0
6 4 2
1990 2009 Industry
1990 2009 Transport
0 1990 2000 2010
1990
2000
2010
Biodiversity
Exports of merchandise(% of GDP), 2011 Imports of merchandise(% of GDP), 2011 Exports of services(% of GDP), 2011 Imports of services(% of GDP), 2011 FDI inflows(% of GDP), 2011 FDI outflows(% of GDP), 2011 ODA received(% of GDP), Workers remittances received(% of GDP), Net external debt (% of GDP), 20.9 18.8 3.9 4.6 3.2 1.5
2.6 2.6
The present country profile for Australia is part of a series of country profiles for each of the 58 ESCAP regional members and published as part of the Statistical Yearbook for Asia and the Pacific 2012. Further information regarding data series used in this country profile, including indicator definitions and data sources, are available from the Statistical Yearbook website at http://www.unescap.org/stat/data/syb2012. For most indicators, times series data from 1990 to the latest year with data available can also be accessed and downloaded from the online database available from the website.

35 30 25 20
% of land area
100 15 Percentage 1990 2000 2010 80 60 40 20

Exports Imports
Natural disasters
Page 5
1 8 0.2
Azerbaijan
Unless otherwise specified, the charts below use the following color legend: world aggregate; AsiaPacific aggregate; Azerbaijan
Health
Education
38.5 44.7 8.4 43.0 76.6 3 500 2 100 0.1 Net enrolment in primary education (*), 2010 Net enrolment in secondary education (*), 2006 Gross enrolment in tertiary education (*), 2010 (*) % of respective school aged population Adult literacy rate (*), 2009 Male (*), 2009 Female (*), 2009 (*) % of population aged 15 yrs and above 99.8 99.8 99.7 84.4 79.3 19.1
1.2
Demographics trends
Ratio
0.6

Urban Rural
20
3.2 10.9 0.25
1990
2010
Richest Poorest
Pupils per teacher

2.0
66.0 26.0 8.0 4.2 37.8 75.0
35 30 25 20 15 10

1.5 % per annum
1.0
0.5
15

Pupils per teacher
1990 30
1995
2000
2005
2010
25 20 15 10 5 2000 2005 2010 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 % of GDP 10
0.0 1990 2000 2010

Female
80+ yrs 7579 7074 6569 6064 5559 5054 4549 4044 3539 3034 2529 2024 1519 1014 59 04
1995
Male

1990 2011
0
0.4 15.8
Thousand people 4 000 Water 3 000 Sanitation
33.7
2 000
1 000
14 12 10
10 12 14
Urban
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Page 5

Economic growth
Connectivity
17.0
27000 24300 Million 2005 US dollars 18900 16200 13500 10800 8100 5400 2700 0 1990 21600

Agriculture Industry Services Per 100 population 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 2000 1995 2000 2005 2010
1990
2000
2010
2005
2010
Water
Fiscal balance
Per 100 population
15
28.2
10
Monetary measures

Agriculture 76.4 %
Labour
0 2000 2005 2010
Energy
3
60.6 57.5 63.9 6.0 6.9 5.2 14.5
25.2 640.7 50.6 86.0 12.5

% of total final consumption 50 40 Million people 30 20 10 0 2


1.0 0.8 Tons per capita 0.6 0.4 0.2
1990 2009 Industry
1990 2009 Transport
0 1990 2000 2010
0.0 1990 2000 2010
Biodiversity
2.9 3.4
The present country profile for Azerbaijan is part of a series of country profiles for each of the 58 ESCAP regional members and published as part of the Statistical Yearbook for Asia and the Pacific 2012. Further information regarding data series used in this country profile, including indicator definitions and data sources, are available from the Statistical Yearbook website at http://www.unescap.org/stat/data/syb2012. For most indicators, times series data from 1990 to the latest year with data available can also be accessed and downloaded from the online database available from the website. ESCAP Statistics Division October 2012

35 30 % of land area 25 20 15 10 1990 2000 2010
120 100 Percentage 80 60 40 20

Exports Imports
Natural disasters
Page 6
0 0 0.0
Bangladesh
Unless otherwise specified, the charts below use the following color legend: world aggregate; AsiaPacific aggregate; Bangladesh
Health
Mortality rate (death per 1 000 live births) Infant, 2011 Underfive, 2011 Children underfive underweight (%), 2007 Maternal mortality ratio, 2010 (deaths per 100 000 live births) Antenatal care, at least 1 visit, 2010 (% of women with live birth) Population living with HIV, Total adults, 2009 Female adults, 2009 HIV prevalence rate, 2009 (% of population aged 1549) Maternal mortality 19902010 150.5 1.1 28.6 1 046.2 0.7 4.0 2.2 78.9 67.8 68.2 69.7
Education
36.7 46.0 41.3 240.0 52.8 6 200 1 900 0.1
1.2
72.7 47.4 10.6
56.8 61.3 52.2
Demographics trends
Ratio
0.6

Urban Rural
20
2.2 14.1
1990
2010
Richest Poorest
Gross domestic expenditure on research and development(% of GDP),
Pupils per teacher

3.0 2.5 % per annum 2.0 1.5 1.0
34.0 52.0 14.0 7.4 3.0 3.0
70 60 50 40 30 20

15 0.5 0.0 1990 2000 2010 % of GDP 10

Pupils per teacher
1990 45 40 35 30 25 20 15
1995
2000
2005
2010

Female 80+ yrs 7579 7074 6569 6064 5559 5054 4549 4044 3539 3034 2529 2024 1519 1014 59 04 20 15 10 5 0 0 5 10 Male
1995
2000
2005
2010
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010

1990 2011
0.0
43.3 31.5 32.1
45.0
22.5
15
20
Urban
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Page 6

Economic growth
Connectivity
24.9
6 5 Tons per capita 4 3 2 1 0

1990
2000
2010
2005
2010
Water
Fiscal balance
Per 100 population
10 8 6 4 2 0 2000
15.9
Monetary measures
Agriculture 87.8 % Industry 2.1 % Domestic use 10 %
Labour
50 40 Million people Tons per capita 30 20 10
2005
2010
Energy
67.6 54.2 80.8 5.0 7.4 4.2 9.3
21.8 1 837.8 9.5 2.0 13.9

% of total final consumption 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0


1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0
1990 2009 Industry
1990 2009 Transport
0 1990 2000 2010
1990
2000
2010
Biodiversity
0.1 0.7
The present country profile for Bangladesh is part of a series of country profiles for each of the 58 ESCAP regional members and published as part of the Statistical Yearbook for Asia and the Pacific 2012. Further information regarding data series used in this country profile, including indicator definitions and data sources, are available from the Statistical Yearbook website at http://www.unescap.org/stat/data/syb2012. For most indicators, times series data from 1990 to the latest year with data available can also be accessed and downloaded from the online database available from the website.

35 30 % of land area 25 20 15 10
100 80 Percentage 2000 2010 60 40 20

Exports Imports
1990
Natural disasters
Page 7
102 1 673 0.0

Bhutan
Unless otherwise specified, the charts below use the following color legend: world aggregate; AsiaPacific aggregate; Bhutan
Health
Mortality rate (death per 1 000 live births) Infant, 2011 Underfive, 2011 Children underfive underweight (%), 2010 Maternal mortality ratio, 2010 (deaths per 100 000 live births) Antenatal care, at least 1 visit, 2010 (% of women with live birth) Population living with HIV, Total adults, 2009 Female adults, 2009 HIV prevalence rate, 2009 (% of population aged 1549) Maternal mortality 19902010 42.0 53.7 12.7 180.0 97.3 1 000 500 0.2
Education
Net enrolment in primary education (*), 2011 Net enrolment in secondary education (*), 2011 Gross enrolment in tertiary education (*), 2011 (*) % of respective school aged population Adult literacy rate (*), 2005 Male (*), 2005 Female (*), 2005 (*) % of population aged 15 yrs and above 52.8 65.0 38.7 88.3 53.8 8.8

1.2
Demographics trends
Population total (thousands), 2011 Population growth (annual average, %), 200510 Urban population (% of total), 2011 Population density (population per km), 2011 Foreign population (% of total), 2010 Net migration rate, 200510 (migrants per 1 000 pop.) Fertility rate (live births per woman), 2011 Adolescent fertility rate, 200510 (live births per 1 000 women aged 1519 yrs) Life expectancy (years), 200510 Male Female 738.3 1.9 35.4 19.3 5.5 4.9 2.3 50.2 65.8 65.4 69.3
Ratio
0.6
No data available

1990 2010
4.0 9.4
4 3 2 % per annum 1 0 1 2 3 1990 2000 2010
Pupils per teacher
50 45 40 35 30 25 20

15

Pupils per teacher
1990 45 40 35 30 25 20 15
1995
2000
2005
2010
% of GDP
10

Female 80+ yrs 7579 7074 6569 6064 5559 5054 4549 4044 3539 3034 2529 2024 1519 1014 59 04 20 15 10 5 0 0 5 10 Male
1995
2000
2005
2010
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010

1990 2011
0
10.2 23.2
400 Thousand people 500 Water Sanitation
38.1
300 200 100
15
20
Urban
2000
2005
2010
Page 7

Economic growth
Connectivity
47.9

1300 1170 1040 910 780 650 520 390 260 130 0 1990

No data available
2005
2010
Water
Fiscal balance
Per 100 population
10 8 6 4 2 0 2000
39.0
Monetary measures
Agriculture 94.1 % Industry 0.9 % Domestic use 5 %
Labour
300
2005
2010
Energy
69.1 62.8 74.5 4.0 5.3 2.6 12.9
200.9 62.0 46.0 13.8


Thousand people
200
No data available
100
1990 2009 Industry
1990 2009 Transport
0 1990 2000 2010
Biodiversity
Exports of merchandise(% of GDP), 2011 Imports of merchandise(% of GDP), 2011 Exports of services(% of GDP), 2011 Imports of services(% of GDP), 2011 FDI inflows(% of GDP), 2011 FDI outflows(% of GDP), ODA received(% of GDP), 2010 Workers remittances received(% of GDP), 2010 Net external debt (% of GDP), 2010 38.5 59.0 4.9 6.9 0.9 8.8 0.3 60.4
4.7 3.6
The present country profile for Bhutan is part of a series of country profiles for each of the 58 ESCAP regional members and published as part of the Statistical Yearbook for Asia and the Pacific 2012. Further information regarding data series used in this country profile, including indicator definitions and data sources, are available from the Statistical Yearbook website at http://www.unescap.org/stat/data/syb2012. For most indicators, times series data from 1990 to the latest year with data available can also be accessed and downloaded from the online database available from the website. ESCAP Statistics Division October 2012

90 80 % of land area 70 60 50 40 30 1990 2000 2010
140 120 Percentage 100 80 60 40 20 0

Exports Imports
Natural disasters
Page 8
1 20 0.0
1990
2000
2010
Brunei Darussalam
Unless otherwise specified, the charts below use the following color legend: world aggregate; AsiaPacific aggregate; Brunei Darussalam
Health
Mortality rate (death per 1 000 live births) Infant, 2011 Underfive, 2011 Children underfive underweight (%), Maternal mortality ratio, 2010 (deaths per 100 000 live births) Antenatal care, at least 1 visit, 2009 (% of women with live birth) Population living with HIV, Total adults, Female adults, HIV prevalence rate, (% of population aged 1549) Maternal mortality 19902010
Education
5.6 7.2 24.0 99.0
1.8
99.1 97.4 17.2
95.2 96.8 93.6
Demographics trends
Ratio
1.2
0.6
No data available

1990 2010
2.0 13.7 0.04
Pupils per teacher

3.0 2.5 % per annum 2.0 1.5 1.0
35 30 25 20 15 10

15 0.5 0.0 1990 2000 2010 % of GDP 10

Pupils per teacher
1990 30
1995
2000
2005
2010
25 20 15 10 2000 2005 2010 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Female
80+ yrs 7579 7074 6569 6064 5559 5054 4549 4044 3539 3034 2529 2024 1519 1014 59 04
1995
Male

1990 2011
Population living in poverty below $1.25 2005 PPP a day, (% of pop.), below national poverty line (% of pop.), Gini index(income equality coefficient), Population lacking access to improved water sources (% of pop.) , Rural Urban improved sanitation (% of pop.) , Rural
No data available
14 12 10
10 12 14
Urban
% of total population Statistical Yearbook for Asia and the Pacific 2012 ESCAP Statistics Division Page 8

Economic growth
Connectivity
14.7

1990
2000
2010
2005
2010
Water
Fiscal balance
Per 100 population
10 8 6 4 2 0 2000
28.5
Monetary measures
No data available
Labour
Employmenttopopulation ratio, 2011 Population aged 15 and above Females aged 15 and above Males aged 15 and above Unemployment rate (% of labour force), 1991 Females Males Youth unemployment rate % of labour force aged 1524,
200
2005
2010
Energy
62.8 52.5 73.1 4.7 6.7 3.7
564.0 77.2 485.0 14.3

% of total final consumption 60 50 Thousand people 40 30 20 10 0

Agriculture Industry Services Tons per capita

3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5
100
1990 2009 Industry
1990 2009 Transport
0 1990 2000 2010
0.0 1990 2000 2010
Biodiversity
Exports of merchandise(% of GDP), 2010 Imports of merchandise(% of GDP), 2010 Exports of services(% of GDP), 2010 Imports of services(% of GDP), 2010 FDI inflows(% of GDP), 2010 FDI outflows(% of GDP), 2010 ODA received(% of GDP), 1995 Workers remittances received(% of GDP), Net external debt (% of GDP), 68.4 18.9 8.1 10.5 4.8 0.0 0.1
2.4 4.4
The present country profile for Brunei Darussalam is part of a series of country profiles for each of the 58 ESCAP regional members and published as part of the Statistical Yearbook for Asia and the Pacific 2012. Further information regarding data series used in this country profile, including indicator definitions and data sources, are available from the Statistical Yearbook website at http://www.unescap.org/stat/data/syb2012. For most indicators, times series data from 1990 to the latest year with data available can also be accessed and downloaded from the online database available from the website. ESCAP Statistics Division October 2012

90 80 % of land area 70 60 50 40 30 1990 2000 2010
120 100 Percentage 80 60 40 20

Exports Imports
Natural disasters
Page 9
0 0 0.0
Cambodia
Unless otherwise specified, the charts below use the following color legend: world aggregate; AsiaPacific aggregate; Cambodia
Health
Education
1.2
Demographics trends
Ratio
0.6

Urban Rural
20
2.6 12.4 0.05
1990
2010
Richest Poorest
Government health expenditure, 2010 (% of government expenditure) Number of physicians (*), 2008 Number of hospital beds (*), (*) per 10 000 population
10.5 2.3
Pupils per teacher
31.0 60.0 10.0

60 50 40 30 20
3 % per annum
15

Pupils per teacher
1990 40
1995
2000
2005
2010
35 30 25 20 15 2000 2005 2010 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 % of GDP 10
0 1990 2000 2010

Female 80+ yrs 7579 7074 6569 6064 5559 5054 4549 4044 3539 3034 2529 2024 1519 1014 59 04 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 5 10 Male
1995

1990 2011
0.0
22.8 30.1 37.9
10.0
5.0
15
20
25
Urban
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Page 9

Economic growth
Connectivity
17.2

8500 7650 6800 5950 5100 4250 3400 2550 1700 850 0 1990

1990
2000
2010
2005
2010
Water
Fiscal balance
Per 100 population
10 8 6 4 2 0 2000
20.7
Monetary measures
Agriculture 94 % Industry 1.5 % Domestic use 4.5 %
Labour
8
2005
2010
Energy
81.2 77.6 85.1 1.7 1.8 1.5 3.4
3.7 216.7 6.3 18.0 12.8

90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 % of total final consumption


1.0 0.8 Tons per capita 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0
6 Million people
1990 2009 Industry
1990 2009 Transport
0 1990 2000 2010
1990
2000
2010
Biodiversity
12.5 2.4
The present country profile for Cambodia is part of a series of country profiles for each of the 58 ESCAP regional members and published as part of the Statistical Yearbook for Asia and the Pacific 2012. Further information regarding data series used in this country profile, including indicator definitions and data sources, are available from the Statistical Yearbook website at http://www.unescap.org/stat/data/syb2012. For most indicators, times series data from 1990 to the latest year with data available can also be accessed and downloaded from the online database available from the website. ESCAP Statistics Division October 2012

80 70 % of land area 60 50 40 30 1990 2000 2010
120 100 Percentage 80 60 40 20

Exports Imports
Natural disasters
Page 10
247 1 640 4.3

China
Unless otherwise specified, the charts below use the following color legend: world aggregate; AsiaPacific aggregate; China
Health
Mortality rate (death per 1 000 live births) Infant, 2011 Underfive, 2011 Children underfive underweight (%), 2009 Maternal mortality ratio, 2010 (deaths per 100 000 live births) Antenatal care, at least 1 visit, 2009 (% of women with live birth) Population living with HIV, Total adults, 2009 Female adults, 2009 HIV prevalence rate, 2009 (% of population aged 1549) Maternal mortality 19902010 1 347.6 0.5 47.8 140.5 0.1 0.3 1.6 8.4 72.7 71.8 75.3
Education
12.6 14.6 3.4 37.0 92.2 730 000 230 000 0.1 Net enrolment in primary education (*), 1997 Net enrolment in secondary education (*), Gross enrolment in tertiary education (*), 2010 (*) % of respective school aged population Adult literacy rate (*), 2010 Male (*), 2010 Female (*), 2010 (*) % of population aged 15 yrs and above 94.3 97.1 91.3 96.4 25.9
1.2
Demographics trends
Ratio
0.6
No data available
0.0 1992 1997 Primary Secondary 1994 2010 Tertiary

1990 2010
1.9 13.0 1.70
Pupils per teacher

2.0
35 30 25 20 15

1.5 % per annum
1.0
0.5
15

Pupils per teacher
1990 30
1995
2000
2005
2010
% of GDP 10 25 20 15 10 2000 2005 2010 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
0.0 1990 2000 2010

Female
80+ yrs 7579 7074 6569 6064 5559 5054 4549 4044 3539 3034 2529 2024 1519 1014 59 04
1995
Male

1990 2011
0
13.1 2.8 42.5
Million people 675 900 Water Sanitation
450
225
14 12 10
10 12 14
Urban
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Page 10

Carbon dioxide emissions, 2009 Total (millions tons of CO2 ) Grams per 1 000 GDP 2005 PPP dollars Consumption of ozone depleting substance (grams per capita), 2009 6 832 826.8 15.3
Economic growth
Connectivity
49.3

4000 3600 2800 2400 2000 1600 1200 800 400 3200

Agriculture Industry Services Per 100 population 50 40 30 20 10 0 2000 1995 2000 2005 2010
1990
2000
2010
0 1990
2005
2010
Water
Fiscal balance
Per 100 population
15
22.5
10
Monetary measures

Agriculture 64.6 %
Labour
0 2000 2005 2010
Energy
500 400 Million people
70.9 65.3 76.2 4.0
7.1 413.9 53.5 34.0 16.7

% of total final consumption 50 40 30 20 10 0


1.0 0.8 Tons per capita 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0
300 200 100
1990 2009 Industry
1990 2009 Transport
0 1990 2000 2010
1990
2000
2010
Biodiversity
0.9 1.3
The present country profile for China is part of a series of country profiles for each of the 58 ESCAP regional members and published as part of the Statistical Yearbook for Asia and the Pacific 2012. Further information regarding data series used in this country profile, including indicator definitions and data sources, are available from the Statistical Yearbook website at http://www.unescap.org/stat/data/syb2012. For most indicators, times series data from 1990 to the latest year with data available can also be accessed and downloaded from the online database available from the website.

35 30 25 20
% of land area
100 15 Percentage 1990 2000 2010 80 60 40 20

Exports Imports
Natural disasters
Page 11
746 123 963 0.2

Hong Kong, China

Unless otherwise specified, the charts below use the following color legend: world aggregate; AsiaPacific aggregate; Hong Kong, China
Health
Education
1.2
Demographics trends
Population total (millions), 2011 Population growth (annual average, %), 200510 Urban population (% of total), 2011 Population density (population per km), 2011 Foreign population (% of total), 2010 Net migration rate, 200510 (migrants per 1 000 pop.) Fertility rate (live births per woman), 2011 Adolescent fertility rate, 200510 (live births per 1 000 women aged 1519 yrs) Life expectancy (years), 200510 Male Female 7.1 0.7 100.1 6 469.9 38.9 5.1 1.1 3.2 81.6 79.9 85.7
Maternal mortality
Ratio
0.6
No data available
No data available
Public expenditure on education as % of GDP, 2010 as % of total government expenditure, 2010 Gross domestic expenditure on research and development(% of GDP), 2009 Years of life lost (YLL), (% of YLL), 2008 Communicable diseases Noncommunicable diseases Injuries Government health expenditure, (% of government expenditure) Number of physicians (*), Number of hospital beds (*), (*) per 10 000 population
Pupils per teacher
3.6 20.2 0.79
35 30 25 20 15 10


3
2 % per annum

0
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010

1990 2000 2010
No data available

Female
80+ yrs 7579 7074 6569 6064 5559 5054 4549 4044 3539 3034 2529 2024 1519 1014 59 04
Male 1990 2011

Population living in poverty below $1.25 2005 PPP a day, (% of pop.), below national poverty line (% of pop.), Gini index(income equality coefficient), 1996 Population lacking access to improved water sources (% of pop.) , Rural Urban improved sanitation (% of pop.) , Rural 43.4
No data available
14 12 10
10 12 14
Urban

Economic growth
Connectivity
23.7

250 225 200 175 150 125 100 75 50 25

Agriculture Industry Services Per 100 population 80 60 40 20 0 2000 1995 2000 2005 2010
1990
2000
2010
0 1990
2005
2010
Water
Fiscal balance
Per 100 population
35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 2000
17.4
Monetary measures
No data available
Labour
2005
2010
Energy
57.0 49.6 65.4 5.2 4.3 6.0 12.6
Railway density (*), Road density (*), (*) Km of railway/road per 1 000 km land area Paved roads(% of roads), 2010 Passenger cars(per 1 000 population), 2010 Road traffic deaths (per 100 000 population),
100.0 56.0



2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0
1990 2009 Industry
1990 2009 Transport
0 1990 2000 2010
1990
2000
2010
Biodiversity
Areas protected Marine (% of territorial water) Terrestrial (% of surface area) Forest area(% of land area), 0.0 41.8
Inbound tourism expenditure (% of GDP), 2011 Outbound tourism expenditure (% of GDP),
14.3
The present country profile for Hong Kong, China is part of a series of country profiles for each of the 58 ESCAP regional members and published as part of the Statistical Yearbook for Asia and the Pacific 2012. Further information regarding data series used in this country profile, including indicator definitions and data sources, are available from the Statistical Yearbook website at http://www.unescap.org/stat/data/syb2012. For most indicators, times series data from 1990 to the latest year with data available can also be accessed and downloaded from the online database available from the website.
No data available
100 80 Percentage 60 40 20

Exports Imports
Natural disasters
Page 18
0 0 0.0
Macao, China
Unless otherwise specified, the charts below use the following color legend: world aggregate; AsiaPacific aggregate; Macao, China
Health
Education
Net enrolment in primary education (*), 2010 Net enrolment in secondary education (*), 2010 Gross enrolment in tertiary education (*), 2010 (*) % of respective school aged population Adult literacy rate (*), 2006 Male (*), 2006 Female (*), 2006 (*) % of population aged 15 yrs and above 93.5 96.5 90.7 82.4 76.2 64.9

1.2
Demographics trends
Population total (thousands), 2011 Population growth (annual average, %), 200510 Urban population (% of total), 2011 Population density (population per km), 2011 Foreign population (% of total), 2010 Net migration rate, 200510 (migrants per 1 000 pop.) Fertility rate (live births per woman), 2011 Adolescent fertility rate, 200510 (live births per 1 000 women aged 1519 yrs) Life expectancy (years), 200510 Male Female 555.7 2.4 100.1 19 833.1 55.1 19.8 1.1 3.0 80.0 78.7 83.5
Maternal mortality
Ratio
0.6
No data available
No data available
Public expenditure on education as % of GDP, 2009 as % of total government expenditure, 2009 Gross domestic expenditure on research and development(% of GDP), 2009 Years of life lost (YLL), (% of YLL), 2008 Communicable diseases Noncommunicable diseases Injuries Government health expenditure, (% of government expenditure) Number of physicians (*), Number of hospital beds (*), (*) per 10 000 population
Pupils per teacher
2.6 13.0 0.08
40 35 30 25 20 15


4
3 % per annum

1 Pupils per teacher
1990 30
1995
2000
2005
2010

1990 2000 2010 25
20
15

Female
80+ yrs 7579 7074 6569 6064 5559 5054 4549 4044 3539 3034 2529 2024 1519 1014 59 04
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Male

1990 2011
No data available
14 12 10
10 12 14
Urban

Economic growth
Connectivity
12.7

Per 100 population 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 2000
2005
2010
Water
Fiscal balance
Per 100 population
30 25 20 15 10 5 0 2000
Monetary measures
No data available
Labour
400
2005
2010
Energy
69.8 65.3 74.7 3.6 2.8 4.3 7.5
Railway density (*), Road density (*), (*) Km of railway/road per 1 000 km land area Paved roads(% of roads), 2010 Passenger cars(per 1 000 population), 2010 Road traffic deaths (per 100 000 population),
100.0 144.0


Thousand people
300
200
No data available
100
1990 2009 Industry
1990 2009 Transport
0 1990 2000 2010
Biodiversity
Exports of merchandise(% of GDP), 2011 Imports of merchandise(% of GDP), 2011 Exports of services(% of GDP), 2011 Imports of services(% of GDP), 2011 FDI inflows(% of GDP), 2011 FDI outflows(% of GDP), 2011 ODA received(% of GDP), 1999 Workers remittances received(% of GDP), 2010 Net external debt (% of GDP), 2.6 24.2 118.9 31.5 13.3 0.2 0.0 0.3
103.8 4.6
The present country profile for Macao, China is part of a series of country profiles for each of the 58 ESCAP regional members and published as part of the Statistical Yearbook for Asia and the Pacific 2012. Further information regarding data series used in this country profile, including indicator definitions and data sources, are available from the Statistical Yearbook website at http://www.unescap.org/stat/data/syb2012. For most indicators, times series data from 1990 to the latest year with data available can also be accessed and downloaded from the online database available from the website. ESCAP Statistics Division October 2012
No data available
120 100 Percentage 80 60 40 20

Exports Imports
Natural disasters
Page 27
0 0 0.0
Cook Islands
Unless otherwise specified, the charts below use the following color legend: world aggregate; AsiaPacific aggregate; Cook Islands
Health
Mortality rate (death per 1 000 live births) Infant, 2011 Underfive, 2011 Children underfive underweight (%), Maternal mortality ratio, (deaths per 100 000 live births) Antenatal care, at least 1 visit, 2008 (% of women with live birth) Population living with HIV, Total adults, Female adults, HIV prevalence rate, (% of population aged 1549) 8.1 9.5 100.0
Education
Net enrolment in primary education (*), 2010 Net enrolment in secondary education (*), 2011 Gross enrolment in tertiary education (*), (*) % of respective school aged population Adult literacy rate (*), Male (*), Female (*), (*) % of population aged 15 yrs and above 94.4 77.7

1.2
Demographics trends
Maternal mortality
Ratio
0.6
No data available
No data available
0.0 1998 2010 Primary 1998 2011 Secondary Tertiary
Public expenditure on education as % of GDP, as % of total government expenditure, 1999 Gross domestic expenditure on research and development(% of GDP), Years of life lost (YLL), (% of YLL), 2008 Communicable diseases Noncommunicable diseases Injuries Government health expenditure, 2010 (% of government expenditure) Number of physicians (*), 2009 Number of hospital beds (*), 2005 (*) per 10 000 population 62.0 23.0 15.0 11.9 28.9 63.0
13.1
35 Pupils per teacher 30 25 20 15 10


3
2 % per annum
15

Pupils per teacher
1990 30
1995
2000
2005
2010
% of GDP 10 25 20 15 10 2000 2005 2010 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
1 1990 2000 2010
0 1995

Population living in poverty below $1.25 2005 PPP a day, (% of pop.), below national poverty line (% of pop.), No data available Gini index(income equality coefficient), Population lacking access to improved water sources (% of pop.) , 2007 Rural Urban improved sanitation (% of pop.) , 2010 Rural Urban 5.0 12.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0

Thousand people 2.0 Water 1.5 Sanitation
1.0
0.5
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Page 11

Economic growth
GDP at current prices (million US $), 2010 Growth rate (annual average, %), 200510 Per capita (2005 PPP $), Gross domestic investment rate (% of GDP), 2010 247.8 1.0
Connectivity
Fixed telephone mainlines (*), 2010 Mobile cellular subscriptions (*), Internet users (*), Fixed broadband internet subscribers (*), (*) per 100 population 35.6
15.4

300 270 240 210 180 150 120 90 60 30 0 1990

No data available
No data available
1995
2000
2005
2010
Water
Fiscal balance
Government revenue (% of GDP), 2009 Government expenditure (% of GDP), 2009 27.3 34.4
Monetary measures
No data available
No data available
Labour
Employmenttopopulation ratio, 2011 Population aged 15 and above Females aged 15 and above Males aged 15 and above Unemployment rate (% of labour force), 2001 Females Males Youth unemployment rate % of labour force aged 1524, 1991 13.1 14.8 11.7 14.7 Railway density (*), Road density (*), (*) Km of railway/road per 1 000 km land area Paved roads(% of roads), Passenger cars(per 1 000 population), Road traffic deaths (per 100 000 population), 2007 30.2
Energy

No data available
No data available
1990 2009 Industry
1990 2009 Transport
Biodiversity
Exports of merchandise(% of GDP), 2010 Imports of merchandise(% of GDP), 2010 Exports of services(% of GDP), Imports of services(% of GDP), FDI inflows(% of GDP), 2010 FDI outflows(% of GDP), 2010 ODA received(% of GDP), 2010 Workers remittances received(% of GDP), Net external debt (% of GDP), 2.0 109.0 0.3 0.0 5.4
44.4
The present country profile for Cook Islands is part of a series of country profiles for each of the 58 ESCAP regional members and published as part of the Statistical Yearbook for Asia and the Pacific 2012. Further information regarding data series used in this country profile, including indicator definitions and data sources, are available from the Statistical Yearbook website at http://www.unescap.org/stat/data/syb2012. For most indicators, times series data from 1990 to the latest year with data available can also be accessed and downloaded from the online database available from the website. ESCAP Statistics Division October 2012

70 60 50 40
% of land area
120 30 1990 2000 2010 100 Percentage 80 60 40 20

Exports Imports
Natural disasters
Page 12
0 0 0.0
DPR Korea
Unless otherwise specified, the charts below use the following color legend: world aggregate; AsiaPacific aggregate; DPR Korea
Health
Mortality rate (death per 1 000 live births) Infant, 2011 Underfive, 2011 Children underfive underweight (%), 2009 Maternal mortality ratio, 2010 (deaths per 100 000 live births) Antenatal care, at least 1 visit, 2009 (% of women with live birth) Population living with HIV, Total adults, Female adults, HIV prevalence rate, (% of population aged 1549) Maternal mortality 19902010 24.5 0.5 60.3 202.9 0.2 0.0 2.0 0.7 68.4 65.5 72.0
Education
26.3 33.2 18.8 81.0 100.0 Net enrolment in primary education (*), Net enrolment in secondary education (*), Gross enrolment in tertiary education (*), (*) % of respective school aged population Adult literacy rate (*), 2008 Male (*), 2008 Female (*), 2008 (*) % of population aged 15 yrs and above 100.0 100.0 100.0
Demographics trends
No data available
No data available

1990 2010
Gross domestic expenditure on research and development(% of GDP), 52.0 39.0 10.0 32.9 132.0

2.0
Years of life lost (YLL), (% of YLL), 2008 Communicable diseases Noncommunicable diseases Injuries Government health expenditure, (% of government expenditure) Number of physicians (*), 2003 Number of hospital beds (*), 2002 (*) per 10 000 population

1.5 % per annum
1.0

0.5

2000 2010
0.0 1990
No data available

Female
80+ yrs 7579 7074 6569 6064 5559 5054 4549 4044 3539 3034 2529 2024 1519 1014 59 04
Male

1990 2011
Population living in poverty below $1.25 2005 PPP a day, (% of pop.), below national poverty line (% of pop.), Gini index(income equality coefficient), Population lacking access to improved water sources (% of pop.) , 2010 Rural Urban improved sanitation (% of pop.) , 2010 Rural 2.0 3.0 1.0 20.0 29.0 14.0
0.0

10.0
5.0
14 12 10
10 12 14
Urban
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Page 12

Carbon dioxide emissions, 2009 Total (millions tons of CO2 ) Grams per 1 000 GDP 2005 PPP dollars Consumption of ozone depleting substance (grams per capita), 2009 66 3.7
Economic growth
GDP at current prices (billion US $), 2010 Growth rate (annual average, %), 200510 Per capita (2005 PPP $), Gross domestic investment rate (% of GDP), 12.3 0.1
Connectivity

1990
2000
2010
2005
2010
Water
Fiscal balance
Per 100 population
10 8 6 4 2 0 2000
Monetary measures

Agriculture 76.3 %
Labour
2005
2010
Energy
Total primary energy supply (kg of oil equivalent) Per capita, 2009 Per 1 000 GDP 2005 PPP dollar, 795
Employmenttopopulation ratio, 2011 Population aged 15 and above Females aged 15 and above Males aged 15 and above Unemployment rate (% of labour force), Females Males Youth unemployment rate % of labour force aged 1524,
74.0 68.9 79.4
Railway density (*), Road density (*), 2010 (*) Km of railway/road per 1 000 km land area Paved roads(% of roads), 2010 Passenger cars(per 1 000 population), Road traffic deaths (per 100 000 population),
212.2 2.8

% of total final consumption 80 70 50 40 30 20 10 0 60

1.0 0.8 Tons per capita 0.6 0.4 0.2
No data available
1990 2009 Industry
1990 2009 Transport
0.0 1990 2000 2010
Biodiversity
The present country profile for DPR Korea is part of a series of country profiles for each of the 58 ESCAP regional members and published as part of the Statistical Yearbook for Asia and the Pacific 2012. Further information regarding data series used in this country profile, including indicator definitions and data sources, are available from the Statistical Yearbook website at http://www.unescap.org/stat/data/syb2012. For most indicators, times series data from 1990 to the latest

80 70 % of land area 60 50 40 30 1990 2000 2010
year with data available can also be accessed and downloaded from the online database available from the website.
No data available
Natural disasters
Page 13
74 57 0.0
Fiji
Unless otherwise specified, the charts below use the following color legend: world aggregate; AsiaPacific aggregate; Fiji
Health
Education
14.1 16.4 6.9 26.0 100.0 1 000 200 0.1
1.2
96.7 83.5 16.1
Demographics trends
Population total (thousands), 2011 Population growth (annual average, %), 200510 Urban population (% of total), 2011 Population density (population per km), 2011 Foreign population (% of total), 2010 Net migration rate, 200510 (migrants per 1 000 pop.) Fertility rate (live births per woman), 2011 Adolescent fertility rate, 200510 (live births per 1 000 women aged 1519 yrs) Life expectancy (years), 200510 Male Female
Ratio
0.6
No data available

1990 2010
4.5 14.7
2.0
Pupils per teacher
35

30
1.5 % per annum
25
1.0
20
0.5
15

Pupils per teacher
1990 30
1995
2000
2005
2010
% of GDP 10 25
0.0 1990 2000 2010
20
15 2000 2005 2010 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Female
80+ yrs 7579 7074 6569 6064 5559 5054 4549 4044 3539 3034 2529 2024 1519 1014 59 04
1995
Male

1990 2011
0
5.9 31.0
Thousand people 300 Water 250 200 150 100 50 Sanitation
42.8
14 12 10
10 12 14
Urban
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Page 13

Economic growth
Connectivity
17.6

2900 2610 2320 2030 1740 1450 1160 870 580 290 0 1990

No data available
2005
2010
Water
Fiscal balance
Per 100 population
10 8 6 4 2 0 2000
29.0
Monetary measures

Agriculture 61.2 %
Labour
Industry 10.8 % Domestic use 28 %
2005
2010
Energy
56.7 36.5 76.2 8.6 12.9 6.4 13.1
188.3 49.2 117.0 7.1

No data available
No data available
1990 2009 Industry
1990 2009 Transport
Biodiversity
23.4 3.3
The present country profile for Fiji is part of a series of country profiles for each of the 58 ESCAP regional members and published as part of the Statistical Yearbook for Asia and the Pacific 2012. Further information regarding data series used in this country profile, including indicator definitions and data sources, are available from the Statistical Yearbook website at http://www.unescap.org/stat/data/syb2012. For most indicators, times series data from 1990 to the latest year with data available can also be accessed and downloaded from the online database available from the website. ESCAP Statistics Division October 2012

60 55 % of land area 50 45 40 35 30 1990 2000 2010
120 100 Percentage 80 60 40 20

Exports Imports
Natural disasters
Page 14
0 0 0.0
French Polynesia
Unless otherwise specified, the charts below use the following color legend: world aggregate; AsiaPacific aggregate; French Polynesia
Health
Education
Demographics trends
Maternal mortality
No data available
No data available
No data available


3.0 2.5 % per annum 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 1990 2000 2010

in secondary education No data available No data available

Female
80+ yrs 7579 7074 6569 6064 5559 5054 4549 4044 3539 3034 2529 2024 1519 1014 59 04
Male

1990 2011
0.0

3.0
1.5
14 12 10
10 12 14
Urban
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Page 14

Economic growth
GDP at current prices (billion US $), 2010 Growth rate (annual average, %), 200510 Per capita (2005 PPP $), Gross domestic investment rate (% of GDP), 2010 6.7 1.6
Connectivity
17.3

5900 5310 4130 3540 2950 2360 1770 1180 590 0 1990 4720

No data available
2005
2010
Water
Fiscal balance
Per 100 population
15
10
Monetary measures
No data available
Labour
Employmenttopopulation ratio, 2011 Population aged 15 and above Females aged 15 and above Males aged 15 and above Unemployment rate (% of labour force), 2007 Females Males Youth unemployment rate % of labour force aged 1524, 2002 11.7 13.4 10.6 33.2
0 2000 2005 2010
Railway density (*), Road density (*), (*) Km of railway/road per 1 000 km land area Paved roads(% of roads), Passenger cars(per 1 000 population), Road traffic deaths (per 100 000 population),
Energy

No data available
No data available
1990 2009 Industry
1990 2009 Transport
Biodiversity
10.8 5.9
The present country profile for French Polynesia is part of a series of country profiles for each of the 58 ESCAP regional members and published as part of the Statistical Yearbook for Asia and the Pacific 2012. Further information regarding data series used in this country profile, including indicator definitions and data sources, are available from the Statistical Yearbook website at http://www.unescap.org/stat/data/syb2012. For most indicators, times series data from 1990 to the latest year with data available can also be accessed and downloaded from the online database available from the website.

45 40 % of land area 35 30 25 20 15 10
100 80 Percentage 2000 2010 60 40 20

Exports Imports
1990
Natural disasters
Page 15
0 0 0.2
Georgia
Unless otherwise specified, the charts below use the following color legend: world aggregate; AsiaPacific aggregate; Georgia
Health
Education
18.3 20.5 1.1 67.0 97.6 3 400 1 500 0.1
1.2
99.6 79.4 28.2
99.7 99.8 99.7
Demographics trends
Ratio
0.6

Urban Rural
20
3.2 7.7 0.18
1990
2010
Richest Poorest
6.9 47.6 31.0
Pupils per teacher
75.0 15.0 10.0
35 30 25 20 15 10 5

1 % per annum
15

Pupils per teacher
1990 30
1995
2000
2005
2010
25 20 15 10 5 2000 2005 2010 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 % of GDP 10
2 1990 2000 2010

Female
80+ yrs 7579 7074 6569 6064 5559 5054 4549 4044 3539 3034 2529 2024 1519 1014 59 04
1995
Male

1990 2011
0
15.3 24.7
1 200 Thousand people 1 500 Water Sanitation
41.3
900 600 300
14 12 10
10 12 14
Urban
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Page 15

Economic growth
Connectivity
19.5
11000 9900 Million 2005 US dollars 8800 7700 6600 5500 4400 3300 2200 1100

1990
2000
2010
2005
2010
Water
Fiscal balance
Per 100 population
10 8 6 4 2 0 2000
33.9
Monetary measures

Agriculture 58.2 %
Labour
2005
2010
Energy
55.0 48.2 63.2 16.5 16.1 16.8 35.5
22.5 292.5 94.1 126.0 16.7

% of total final consumption 50

Agriculture Industry Services 1000 Thousand people 800 600 400 200 Tons per capita

1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0
40 30 20 10 0
1990 2009 Industry
1990 2009 Transport
0 1990 2000 2010
1990
2000
2010
Biodiversity
8.4 3.1
The present country profile for Georgia is part of a series of country profiles for each of the 58 ESCAP regional members and published as part of the Statistical Yearbook for Asia and the Pacific 2012. Further information regarding data series used in this country profile, including indicator definitions and data sources, are available from the Statistical Yearbook website at http://www.unescap.org/stat/data/syb2012. For most indicators, times series data from 1990 to the latest year with data available can also be accessed and downloaded from the online database available from the website.

45
% of land area
40
35 100 30 Percentage 1990 2000 2010 80 60 40 20

Exports Imports
Natural disasters
Page 16
7 2 0.0
Guam
Unless otherwise specified, the charts below use the following color legend: world aggregate; AsiaPacific aggregate; Guam
Health
Education
Demographics trends
Maternal mortality
No data available
No data available
No data available


3.0 2.5 % per annum 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 1990 2000 2010


Female
80+ yrs 7579 7074 6569 6064 5559 5054 4549 4044 3539 3034 2529 2024 1519 1014 59 04
Male

1990 2011
0.0

1.0
0.5
14 12 10
10 12 14
Urban
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Page 16

Economic growth
Connectivity
Fixed telephone mainlines (*), 2010 Mobile cellular subscriptions (*), Internet users (*), 2009 Fixed broadband internet subscribers (*), 2010 (*) per 100 population 36.4 50.6 1.7

Per 100 population 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 2000
2005
2010
Water
Fiscal balance
Per 100 population
10 8 6 4 2 0 2000
Monetary measures
No data available
Labour
Employmenttopopulation ratio, 2011 Population aged 15 and above Females aged 15 and above Males aged 15 and above Unemployment rate (% of labour force), 2002 Females Males Youth unemployment rate % of labour force aged 1524, 11.4 9.8 12.8
2005
2010
Energy

No data available
No data available
1990 2009 Industry
1990 2009 Transport
Biodiversity
The present country profile for Guam is part of a series of country profiles for each of the 58 ESCAP regional members and published as part of the Statistical Yearbook for Asia and the Pacific 2012. Further information regarding data series used in this country profile, including indicator definitions and data sources, are available from the Statistical Yearbook website at http://www.unescap.org/stat/data/syb2012. For most indicators, times series data from 1990 to the latest

55 50 % of land area 45 40 35 30 1990 2000 2010
No data available
Natural disasters
Page 17
0 0
India
Unless otherwise specified, the charts below use the following color legend: world aggregate; AsiaPacific aggregate; India
Health
Mortality rate (death per 1 000 live births) Infant, 2011 Underfive, 2011 Children underfive underweight (%), 2006 Maternal mortality ratio, 2010 (deaths per 100 000 live births) Antenatal care, at least 1 visit, 2008 (% of women with live birth) Population living with HIV, Total adults, 2009 Female adults, 2009 HIV prevalence rate, 2009 (% of population aged 1549) Maternal mortality 19902010 1 241.5 1.4 30.3 378.0 0.4 0.5 2.6 86.3 64.2 63.9 67.1
Education
47.2 61.3 43.5 200.0 75.2 2 300 000 880 000 0.3 Net enrolment in primary education (*), 2008 Net enrolment in secondary education (*), Gross enrolment in tertiary education (*), 2010 (*) % of respective school aged population Adult literacy rate (*), 2006 Male (*), 2006 Female (*), 2006 (*) % of population aged 15 yrs and above 62.8 75.2 50.8 92.1 17.9
1.2
Demographics trends
Ratio
0.6

Urban Rural
20
3.1 10.7 0.76
1990
2010
Richest Poorest
3.0 2.5 % per annum 2.0 1.5 1.0
3.6 6.5 9.0
Pupils per teacher
35.0 52.0 13.0
50 45 40 35 30 25 20

15 0.5 0.0 1990 2000 2010 % of GDP 10

Pupils per teacher
1990 40
1995
2000
2005
2010
35 30 25 20 15 2000 2005 2010 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Female
80+ yrs 7579 7074 6569 6064 5559 5054 4549 4044 3539 3034 2529 2024 1519 1014 59 04
1995
Male

1990 2011
0
32.7 29.8 33.4
450
225
14 12 10
10 12 14
Urban
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Page 18

Economic growth
Connectivity
34.8

1400 1200

Agriculture Industry Services Per 100 population 35 30 25 20 15 10 5
1000 800 600 400 200
0 2000 1995 2000 2005 2010 2005 2010
1990
2000
2010
0 1990
Water
Fiscal balance
Per 100 population
10 8 6 4 2 0 2000
15.4
Monetary measures
Agriculture 90.4 % Industry 2.2 % Domestic use 7.4 %
Labour
300
2005
2010
Energy
53.6 27.7 78.0 3.6 4.5 3.3 10.3
21.5 1 382.2 49.3 12.0 16.7



1.0 0.8 Tons per capita 0.6 0.4 0.2
100
1990 2009 Industry
1990 2009 Transport
0 1990 2000 2010
0.0 1990 2000 2010
Biodiversity
1.0 0.7
The present country profile for India is part of a series of country profiles for each of the 58 ESCAP regional members and published as part of the Statistical Yearbook for Asia and the Pacific 2012. Further information regarding data series used in this country profile, including indicator definitions and data sources, are available from the Statistical Yearbook website at http://www.unescap.org/stat/data/syb2012. For most indicators, times series data from 1990 to the latest year with data available can also be accessed and downloaded from the online database available from the website. ESCAP Statistics Division October 2012

35
% of land area
30
25 60 20 Percentage 1990 2000 2010 50 40 30 20 10

Exports Imports
Natural disasters
Page 19
1 038 12 504 0.1

0 1990 2000 2010
Indonesia
Unless otherwise specified, the charts below use the following color legend: world aggregate; AsiaPacific aggregate; Indonesia
Health
Education
1.2
Demographics trends
Ratio
0.6

Urban Rural
20
3.0 17.1 0.08
1990
2010
Richest Poorest
Pupils per teacher

2.0
45.0 41.0 13.0 7.8 2.9 6.0
35 30 25 20 15 10

1.5 % per annum
1.0
0.5
15

Pupils per teacher
1990 30
1995
2000
2005
2010
% of GDP 10 25 20 15 10 2000 2005 2010 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
0.0 1990 2000 2010

Female
80+ yrs 7579 7074 6569 6064 5559 5054 4549 4044 3539 3034 2529 2024 1519 1014 59 04
1995
Male

1990 2011
0
18.1 12.5 34.0
100
50
14 12 10
10 12 14
Urban
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Page 19

Economic growth
Connectivity
32.5

400 360 320 280 240 200 160 120 80 40 0 1990

1990
2000
2010
2005
2010
Water
Fiscal balance
Per 100 population
10 8 6 4 2 0 2000
16.5
Monetary measures

Agriculture 81.9 %
Labour
Employmenttopopulation ratio, 2011 Population aged 15 and above Females aged 15 and above Males aged 15 and above Unemployment rate (% of labour force), 2009 Females Males Youth unemployment rate % of labour force aged 1524, 2009 62.8 46.8 79.1 7.9 8.5 7.5 22.2
2005
2010
1.9 262.9 59.1 45.0 16.1
Energy

% of total final consumption 60 50 Million people 40 30 20 10 0 10

Agriculture 50 40 30 20 Tons per capita Industry Services

1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2
1990 2009 Industry
1990 2009 Transport
0 1990 2000 2010
0.0 1990 2000 2010
Biodiversity
1.2 1.3
The present country profile for Indonesia is part of a series of country profiles for each of the 58 ESCAP regional members and published as part of the Statistical Yearbook for Asia and the Pacific 2012. Further information regarding data series used in this country profile, including indicator definitions and data sources, are available from the Statistical Yearbook website at http://www.unescap.org/stat/data/syb2012. For most indicators, times series data from 1990 to the latest year with data available can also be accessed and downloaded from the online database available from the website.

70 60 50 40
% of land area
100 30 Percentage 1990 2000 2010 80 60 40 20

Exports Imports
Natural disasters
Page 20
129 18 0.0
Iran (Islamic Rep. of)

Unless otherwise specified, the charts below use the following color legend: world aggregate; AsiaPacific aggregate; Iran (Islamic Rep. of)
Health
Education
1.2
Demographics trends
Ratio
0.6
No data available

1990 2010
4.7 19.8 0.79
Pupils per teacher

3.0 2.5 % per annum 2.0 1.5 1.0
40 35 30 25 20

15 0.5 0.0 1990 2000 2010 % of GDP 10

Pupils per teacher
1990 40
1995
2000
2005
2010
35 30 25 20 15 2000 2005 2010 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Female 80+ yrs 7579 7074 6569 6064 5559 5054 4549 4044 3539 3034 2529 2024 1519 1014 59 04 20 15 10 5 0 0 5 10 Male
1995

1990 2011
Population living in poverty below $1.25 2005 PPP a day, (% of pop.), 2005 below national poverty line (% of pop.), Gini index(income equality coefficient), 2005 Population lacking access to improved water sources (% of pop.) , 2010 Rural Urban improved sanitation (% of pop.) , 2010 Rural 4.0 8.0 3.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0
1.5 38.3
Million people 20.0 Water 15.0 Sanitation
10.0
5.0
15
20
Urban
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Page 20

Economic growth
Connectivity
32.6

300 270 240 210 180 150 120 90 60 30 0 1990

1990
2000
2010
2005
2010
Water
Fiscal balance
Per 100 population
10 8 6 4 2 0 2000
Monetary measures
Labour
2005
2010
3.7 118.3 73.3 113.0 35.7
Energy


Agriculture 10 Million people 8 6 4 2 Tons per capita Industry Services

2.0
30 20 10 0
1.5
1.0
0.5
1990 2009 Industry
1990 2009 Transport
0 1990 2000 2010
0.0 1990 2000 2010
Biodiversity
Exports of merchandise(% of GDP), 2010 Imports of merchandise(% of GDP), 2010 Exports of services(% of GDP), 2010 Imports of services(% of GDP), 2010 FDI inflows(% of GDP), 2010 FDI outflows(% of GDP), 2010 ODA received(% of GDP), 2010 Workers remittances received(% of GDP), Net external debt (% of GDP), 2010 26.0 16.8 1.9 5.0 0.9 0.1 0.0 3.3
0.8 4.0
The present country profile for Iran (Islamic Rep. of) is part of a series of country profiles for each of the 58 ESCAP regional members and published as part of the Statistical Yearbook for Asia and the Pacific 2012. Further information regarding data series used in this country profile, including indicator definitions and data sources, are available from the Statistical Yearbook website at http://www.unescap.org/stat/data/syb2012. For most indicators, times series data from 1990 to the latest year with data available can also be accessed and downloaded from the online database available from the website. ESCAP Statistics Division October 2012

35 30 % of land area 25 20 15 10 5
60 50 Percentage 2000 2010 40 30 20 10

Exports Imports
1990
Natural disasters
Page 21
0 0 0.0
0 1990 2000 2010
Japan
Unless otherwise specified, the charts below use the following color legend: world aggregate; AsiaPacific aggregate; Japan
Health
Mortality rate (death per 1 000 live births) Infant, 2011 Underfive, 2011 Children underfive underweight (%), Maternal mortality ratio, 2010 (deaths per 100 000 live births) Antenatal care, at least 1 visit, (% of women with live birth) Population living with HIV, Total adults, 2009 Female adults, 2009 HIV prevalence rate, 2009 (% of population aged 1549) Maternal mortality 19902010 126.5 0.0 67.1 334.6 1.7 0.4 1.4 5.0 82.7 79.9 86.8
Education
2.4 3.4 5.0 8 100 2 700 0.1 Net enrolment in primary education (*), 2010 Net enrolment in secondary education (*), 2010 Gross enrolment in tertiary education (*), 2010 (*) % of respective school aged population Adult literacy rate (*), Male (*), Female (*), (*) % of population aged 15 yrs and above 100.0 99.5 59.7
1.2
Demographics trends
Ratio
0.6
No data available
0.0 Primary 2000 2010 Secondary 1990 2010 Tertiary

1990 2010
3.8 9.4 3.36
Pupils per teacher

2.0 1.5 % per annum 1.0 0.5 0.0
35 30 25 20 15

15 0.5 1.0 1990 2000 2010 % of GDP 10

Pupils per teacher
1990 30
1995
2000
2005
2010
25 20 15 10 2000 2005 2010 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Female
80+ yrs 7579 7074 6569 6064 5559 5054 4549 4044 3539 3034 2529 2024 1519 1014 59 04
1995
Male 1990 2011

0.0

24.9
60.0 40.0 20.0
14 12 10
10 12 14
Urban
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Page 21

Economic growth
Connectivity
20.2

6000 5400 4200 3600 3000 2400 1800 1200 600 4800

1990
2000
2010
0 1990
2005
2010
Water
Fiscal balance
Per 100 population
30 25 20 15 10 5 0 2000
19.5
Monetary measures

Agriculture 63.1 %
Labour
2005
2010
Energy
57.4 47.3 68.2 4.5 4.1 4.8 8.0
55.0 3 313.8 79.6 454.0 5.2



2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5
30 20 10 0
1990 2009 Industry
1990 2009 Transport
0 1990 2000 2010
0.0 1990 2000 2010
Biodiversity
Exports of merchandise(% of GDP), 2011 Imports of merchandise(% of GDP), 2011 Exports of services(% of GDP), 2011 Imports of services(% of GDP), 2011 FDI inflows(% of GDP), 2011 FDI outflows(% of GDP), 2011 ODA received(% of GDP), Workers remittances received(% of GDP), 2010 Net external debt (% of GDP), 15.2 15.8 2.6 3.0 0.0 2.1 0.0
0.2 0.7
The present country profile for Japan is part of a series of country profiles for each of the 58 ESCAP regional members and published as part of the Statistical Yearbook for Asia and the Pacific 2012. Further information regarding data series used in this country profile, including indicator definitions and data sources, are available from the Statistical Yearbook website at http://www.unescap.org/stat/data/syb2012. For most indicators, times series data from 1990 to the latest year with data available can also be accessed and downloaded from the online database available from the website. ESCAP Statistics Division October 2012

80 70 % of land area 60 50 40 30

Exports Imports
1990
2000
2010
Natural disasters
Page 22
19 975 364 3.9

0 1990 2000 2010
Kazakhstan
Unless otherwise specified, the charts below use the following color legend: world aggregate; AsiaPacific aggregate; Kazakhstan
Health
Mortality rate (death per 1 000 live births) Infant, 2011 Underfive, 2011 Children underfive underweight (%), 2006 Maternal mortality ratio, 2010 (deaths per 100 000 live births) Antenatal care, at least 1 visit, 2006 (% of women with live birth) Population living with HIV, Total adults, 2009 Female adults, 2009 HIV prevalence rate, 2009 (% of population aged 1549) Maternal mortality 19902010
100
Education
25.0 28.3 4.9 51.0 99.9 13 000 7 700 0.1
1.2 Ratio
88.2 89.6 40.8
99.7 99.8 99.6
1.8
Demographics trends
Population total (millions), 2011 Population growth (annual average, %), 200510 Urban population (% of total), 2011 Population density (population per km), 2011 Foreign population (% of total), 2010 Net migration rate, 200510 (migrants per 1 000 pop.) Fertility rate (live births per woman), 2011 Adolescent fertility rate, 200510 (live births per 1 000 women aged 1519 yrs) Life expectancy (years), 200510 Male Female 16.2 1.1 58.8 5.9 19.2 0.1 2.5 30.0 65.8 61.6 72.5
0.6

Urban Rural
20
3.1 12.1 0.23
1990
2010
Richest Poorest
Pupils per teacher

2
59.0 16.0 24.0 11.4 41.0 76.0
35 30 25 20 15

1 % per annum
15

Pupils per teacher
1990 30
1995
2000
2005
2010
25 20 15 10 5 2000 2005 2010 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 % of GDP 10
2 1990 2000 2010

Female
80+ yrs 7579 7074 6569 6064 5559 5054 4549 4044 3539 3034 2529 2024 1519 1014 59 04
1995
Male

1990 2011
0
0.1 8.2
29.0
450
225
14 12 10
10 12 14
Urban
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Page 22

Economic growth
Connectivity
25.3

1990
2000
2010
2005
2010
Water
Fiscal balance
Per 100 population
10 8 6 4 2 0 2000
22.2
Monetary measures
Agriculture 86.6 %
Labour
2005
2010
Energy
5 4 Million people
67.5 62.1 73.7 6.6 7.5 5.6 6.7
5.3 35.9 89.9 167.0 30.5



1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0
3 2 1
1990 2009 Industry
1990 2009 Transport
0 1990 2000 2010
1990
2000
2010
Biodiversity
1.0 1.2
The present country profile for Kazakhstan is part of a series of country profiles for each of the 58 ESCAP regional members and published as part of the Statistical Yearbook for Asia and the Pacific 2012. Further information regarding data series used in this country profile, including indicator definitions and data sources, are available from the Statistical Yearbook website at http://www.unescap.org/stat/data/syb2012. For most indicators, times series data from 1990 to the latest year with data available can also be accessed and downloaded from the online database available from the website.

35 30 % of land area 25 20 15 10 5 0
100 80 Percentage 2000 2010 60 40 20

Exports Imports
1990
Natural disasters
Page 23
2 12 0.0
Kiribati
Unless otherwise specified, the charts below use the following color legend: world aggregate; AsiaPacific aggregate; Kiribati
Health
Education

1.2
Demographics trends
Maternal mortality
Ratio
0.6
No data available
No data available
Public expenditure on education as % of GDP, 2002 as % of total government expenditure, Gross domestic expenditure on research and development(% of GDP), Years of life lost (YLL), (% of YLL), 2008 Communicable diseases Noncommunicable diseases Injuries Government health expenditure, 2010 (% of government expenditure) Number of physicians (*), 2010 Number of hospital beds (*), 2010 (*) per 10 000 population 60.0 36.0 4.0 12.1 3.8 14.0
11.6
40 Pupils per teacher 35 30 25 20


3.0 2.5 % per annum 2.0 1.5 1.0
15 0.5 0.0 1990 2000 2010 % of GDP 10

Pupils per teacher
1990 30
1995
2000
2005
2010
25 20 15 10 2000 2005 2010 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
0 1995

0.0

35.0
17.5
1990
1995
2000
2005
Page 23

Economic growth
GDP at current prices (million US $), 2010 Growth rate (annual average, %), 200510 Per capita (2005 PPP $), 2010 Gross domestic investment rate (% of GDP), 2010 146.2 0.6 2 214
Connectivity
58.9

120 100 80 60 40 20 0 1990

No data available
2005
2010
Water
Fiscal balance
Per 100 population
10 8 6 4 2 0 2000
75.6
Monetary measures
No data available
Labour
2005
2010
Railway density (*), Road density (*), 2010 (*) Km of railway/road per 1 000 km land area Paved roads(% of roads), Passenger cars(per 1 000 population), 2010 Road traffic deaths (per 100 000 population), 2007
827.2 101.0 7.4
Energy

No data available
No data available
1990 2009 Industry
1990 2009 Transport
Biodiversity
2.2 8.8
The present country profile for Kiribati is part of a series of country profiles for each of the 58 ESCAP regional members and published as part of the Statistical Yearbook for Asia and the Pacific 2012. Further information regarding data series used in this country profile, including indicator definitions and data sources, are available from the Statistical Yearbook website at http://www.unescap.org/stat/data/syb2012. For most indicators, times series data from 1990 to the latest year with data available can also be accessed and downloaded from the online database available from the website. ESCAP Statistics Division October 2012

35 30 % of land area 25 20 15 10 1990 2000 2010
140 120 Percentage 100 80 60 40 20 0

Exports Imports
Natural disasters
Page 24
0 0 0.0
1990
2000
2010
Kyrgyzstan
Unless otherwise specified, the charts below use the following color legend: world aggregate; AsiaPacific aggregate; Kyrgyzstan
Health
100
Education
27.0 30.6 2.7 71.0 96.9 9 700 2 800 0.3
1.2
87.5 78.9 48.8
99.2 99.5 99.0
Demographics trends

Urban Rural
20
6.2 24.7 0.16
1990
2010
Richest Poorest
Pupils per teacher

2.0
55.0 30.0 15.0 10.7 23.0 51.0
35 30 25 20 15 10

1.5 % per annum
1.0
0.5
15

Pupils per teacher
1990 30
1995
2000
2005
2010
% of GDP 10 25 20 15 10 2000 2005 2010 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
0.0 1990 2000 2010

Female
80+ yrs 7579 7074 6569 6064 5559 5054 4549 4044 3539 3034 2529 2024 1519 1014 59 04
1995
Male

Population living in poverty
1990 2011
6.2 33.7
below $1.25 2005 PPP a day, (% of pop.), 2009 below national poverty line (% of pop.), 2010 Gini index(income equality coefficient), 2009 Population lacking access to improved water sources (% of pop.) , 2010 Rural Urban improved sanitation (% of pop.) , 2010 Rural
36.2
10.0 15.0 1.0 7.0 7.0 6.0
1 000
500
20
15
10
10
15
20
Urban
0 1995 2000 2005 2010
Page 24

Economic growth
Connectivity
28.4

3000 2700 2400 2100 1800 1500 1200 900 600 300 0 1990

1990
2000
2010
2005
2010
Water
Fiscal balance
Per 100 population
10 8 6 4 2 0 2000
32.4
Monetary measures
Labour
2005
2010
2.2 177.3 91.1 44.0 23.6
Energy


Agriculture 1000 Thousand people Tons per capita Industry Services

1.5
30 20 10 0
800 600 400 200
1.0
0.5
1990 2009 Industry
1990 2009 Transport
0 1990 2000 2010
0.0 1990 2000 2010
Biodiversity
13.9 11.5
The present country profile for Kyrgyzstan is part of a series of country profiles for each of the 58 ESCAP regional members and published as part of the Statistical Yearbook for Asia and the Pacific 2012. Further information regarding data series used in this country profile, including indicator definitions and data sources, are available from the Statistical Yearbook website at http://www.unescap.org/stat/data/syb2012. For most indicators, times series data from 1990 to the latest year with data available can also be accessed and downloaded from the online database available from the website. ESCAP Statistics Division October 2012

35 30 % of land area 25 20 15 10 5 0 1990 2000 2010
120 100 Percentage 80 60 40 20

Exports Imports
Natural disasters
Page 25
0 0 0.0
Lao PDR
Unless otherwise specified, the charts below use the following color legend: world aggregate; AsiaPacific aggregate; Lao PDR
Health
100
Education
1.2
6.3 1.5 34.3 26.6 0.3 2.5 2.7 39.0 66.1 66.0 68.9
Demographics trends
Ratio
0.6

Urban Rural
20
3.3 13.2 0.04
1990
2010
Richest Poorest
Pupils per teacher

3.0 2.5 % per annum 2.0 1.5 1.0
28.0 58.0 13.0 5.9 2.7 7.0
40 35 30 25 20

15 0.5 0.0 1990 2000 2010 % of GDP 10

Pupils per teacher
1990 35
1995
2000
2005
2010
30 25 20 15 10 2000 2005 2010 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Female 80+ yrs 7579 7074 6569 6064 5559 5054 4549 4044 3539 3034 2529 2024 1519 1014 59 04 20 15 10 5 0 0 5 10 Male
1995

1990 2011
0
33.9 27.6
36.7
2 000
1 000
15
20
Urban
1995
2000
2005
2010
Page 25

Economic growth
Connectivity
37.1

4300 3870 3440 3010 2580 2150 1720 1290 860 430 0 1990

No data available
2005
2010
Water
Fiscal balance
Per 100 population
10 8 6 4 2 0 2000
24.8
Monetary measures
Agriculture 93 % Industry 4 % Domestic use 3.1 %
Labour
2005
2010
171.4 13.5 2.0 18.1
Energy

No data available
No data available
1990 2009 Industry
1990 2009 Transport
Biodiversity
5.9 3.3
The present country profile for Lao PDR is part of a series of country profiles for each of the 58 ESCAP regional members and published as part of the Statistical Yearbook for Asia and the Pacific 2012. Further information regarding data series used in this country profile, including indicator definitions and data sources, are available from the Statistical Yearbook website at http://www.unescap.org/stat/data/syb2012. For most indicators, times series data from 1990 to the latest

80 70 % of land area 60 50 40 30 1990 2000 2010
No data available
Natural disasters
Page 26
48 467 0.0
Malaysia
Unless otherwise specified, the charts below use the following color legend: world aggregate; AsiaPacific aggregate; Malaysia
Health
Education
5.6 6.5 12.9 29.0 78.8 100 000 11 000 0.5
1.2
95.9 67.9 40.2
93.1 95.4 90.7
Demographics trends
Ratio
0.6
No data available

1990 2010
5.8 18.9 0.63
Pupils per teacher

3.0 2.5 % per annum 2.0 1.5 1.0
35 30 25 20 15 10

15 0.5 0.0 1990 2000 2010 % of GDP 10

Pupils per teacher
1990 30
1995
2000
2005
2010
25 20 15 10 2000 2005 2010 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Female
80+ yrs 7579 7074 6569 6064 5559 5054 4549 4044 3539 3034 2529 2024 1519 1014 59 04
1995
Male

1990 2011
0
0.0 3.8
Thousand people 3 000 Water 2 500 2 000 1 500 1 000 500 Sanitation
46.2
14 12 10
10 12 14
Urban
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Page 27

Economic growth
Connectivity
21.4

200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 1990

1990
2000
2010
2005
2010
Water
Fiscal balance
Per 100 population
10 8 6 4 2 0 2000
26.5
Monetary measures

Agriculture 34.2 %
Domestic use 29.5 %
Labour
Industry 36.2 %
2005
2010
Energy
10 8 Million people 6 4 2
58.6 42.4 74.5 3.7 3.8 3.6 10.9
5.1 300.5 82.8 313.0 23.2



2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
1990 2009 Industry
1990 2009 Transport
0 1990 2000 2010
0.0 1990 2000 2010
Biodiversity
8.9 3.7
The present country profile for Malaysia is part of a series of country profiles for each of the 58 ESCAP regional members and published as part of the Statistical Yearbook for Asia and the Pacific 2012. Further information regarding data series used in this country profile, including indicator definitions and data sources, are available from the Statistical Yearbook website at http://www.unescap.org/stat/data/syb2012. For most indicators, times series data from 1990 to the latest year with data available can also be accessed and downloaded from the online database available from the website.

80 70 % of land area 60 50 40 30
100 80 Percentage 2000 2010 60 40 20

Exports Imports
1990
Natural disasters
Page 28
18 20 0.0
Maldives
Unless otherwise specified, the charts below use the following color legend: world aggregate; AsiaPacific aggregate; Maldives
Health
Mortality rate (death per 1 000 live births) Infant, 2011 Underfive, 2011 Children underfive underweight (%), 2009 Maternal mortality ratio, 2010 (deaths per 100 000 live births) Antenatal care, at least 1 visit, 2009 (% of women with live birth) Population living with HIV, Total adults, 2009 Female adults, 2009 HIV prevalence rate, 2009 (% of population aged 1549) Maternal mortality 19902010 320.1 1.4 41.3 1 068.2 1.0 0.0 1.7 12.2 75.5 75.7 78.1
Education
9.2 10.7 17.8 60.0 99.1 100 100 0.1
1.8
96.2 48.9 12.6
98.4 98.4 98.4
2.4
Demographics trends
Ratio
1.2
0.6

Urban Rural
20
8.7 16.0
1990
2010
Richest Poorest
Pupils per teacher

4
56.0 23.0 21.0 8.6 15.9 43.0
35 30 25 20 15 10

3 % per annum
15

Pupils per teacher
1990 30
1995
2000
2005
2010
% of GDP 10 25 20 15 10 2000 2005 2010 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
0 1990 2000 2010

Female 80+ yrs 7579 7074 6569 6064 5559 5054 4549 4044 3539 3034 2529 2024 1519 1014 59 04 20 15 10 5 0 0 5 10 Male
1995

1990 2011
0.0

Thousand people 80.0 Water Sanitation
37.4
40.0
15
20
Urban
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Page 28

Economic growth
Connectivity
56.7

1100 990 880 770 660 550 440 330 220 110 0 1990

No data available
2005
2010
Water
Renewable water available (m per capita per annum), 2010 Domestic water withdrawal (m per capita per annum), 2009 95 17.7
Fiscal balance
Per 100 population
10 8 6 4 2 0 2000
45.7
Monetary measures
Domestic use 94.9 %
Agriculture 0 % Industry 5.1 %
Labour
100 80 60 40 20
2005
2010
Energy
57.7 43.8 71.5 14.4 23.8 7.9 22.2
293.3 100.0 12.0 18.4


Thousand people
No data available
1990 2009 Industry
1990 2009 Transport
0 1990 2000 2010
Biodiversity
48.3 9.6
The present country profile for Maldives is part of a series of country profiles for each of the 58 ESCAP regional members and published as part of the Statistical Yearbook for Asia and the Pacific 2012. Further information regarding data series used in this country profile, including indicator definitions and data sources, are available from the Statistical Yearbook website at http://www.unescap.org/stat/data/syb2012. For most indicators, times series data from 1990 to the latest year with data available can also be accessed and downloaded from the online database available from the website.

35 30 % of land area 25 20 15 10 5 0
100 80 Percentage 2000 2010 60 40 20

Exports Imports
1990
Natural disasters
Page 29
4 1 0.0
Marshall Islands
Unless otherwise specified, the charts below use the following color legend: world aggregate; AsiaPacific aggregate; Marshall Islands
Health
Education

1.2
Demographics trends
Maternal mortality
Ratio
0.6
No data available
No data available
Public expenditure on education as % of GDP, 2004 as % of total government expenditure, 2003 Gross domestic expenditure on research and development(% of GDP), Years of life lost (YLL), (% of YLL), 2008 Communicable diseases Noncommunicable diseases Injuries Government health expenditure, 2010 (% of government expenditure) Number of physicians (*), 2010 Number of hospital beds (*), 2010 (*) per 10 000 population 64.0 27.0 9.0 17.0 4.4 27.0
12.2 15.8


4
3 % per annum
1 25 0 Pupils per teacher 20 1 1990 2000 2010 % of GDP 15 10 5 0 1995 2000 2005 2010
1990 30
1995
2000
2005
2010
25 20 15 10 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

0.0

10.0
5.0
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Page 29

Economic growth
Connectivity
56.8

200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 1990

No data available
2005
2010
Water
Fiscal balance
Per 100 population
10 8 6 4 2 0 2000
69.5
Monetary measures
No data available
Labour
2005
2010
Railway density (*), Road density (*), (*) Km of railway/road per 1 000 km land area Paved roads(% of roads), Passenger cars(per 1 000 population), Road traffic deaths (per 100 000 population), 2007
1.9
Energy

No data available
No data available
1990 2009 Industry
1990 2009 Transport
Biodiversity
2.0 0.3
The present country profile for Marshall Islands is part of a series of country profiles for each of the 58 ESCAP regional members and published as part of the Statistical Yearbook for Asia and the Pacific 2012. Further information regarding data series used in this country profile, including indicator definitions and data sources, are available from the Statistical Yearbook website at http://www.unescap.org/stat/data/syb2012. For most indicators, times series data from 1990 to the latest

80 70 % of land area 60 50 40 30 1990 2000 2010
No data available
Natural disasters
Page 30
0 0 0.0
Micronesia (F.S.)
Unless otherwise specified, the charts below use the following color legend: world aggregate; AsiaPacific aggregate; Micronesia (F.S.)
Health
Mortality rate (death per 1 000 live births) Infant, 2011 Underfive, 2011 Children underfive underweight (%), Maternal mortality ratio, 2010 (deaths per 100 000 live births) Antenatal care, at least 1 visit, 2008 (% of women with live birth) Population living with HIV, Total adults, Female adults, HIV prevalence rate, (% of population aged 1549) Maternal mortality 19902010 111.5 0.3 22.8 159.6 2.4 16.3 3.4 25.4 68.3 68.1 69.8
Education
33.5 41.5 100.0 80.0 Net enrolment in primary education (*), Net enrolment in secondary education (*), Gross enrolment in tertiary education (*), 2000 (*) % of respective school aged population Adult literacy rate (*), Male (*), Female (*), (*) % of population aged 15 yrs and above 14.2
Demographics trends
No data available
No data available
Public expenditure on education as % of GDP, 2000 as % of total government expenditure,

1990 2010
6.7

3

2 % per annum
15

% of GDP
1 1990 2000 2010
10
No data available

Female 80+ yrs 7579 7074 6569 6064 5559 5054 4549 4044 3539 3034 2529 2024 1519 1014 59 04 20 15 10 5 0 0 5 10 Male
1995
2000
2005
2010

1990 2011
0.0
31.2
61.1
45.0
22.5
15
20
Urban
1990
1995
2000
2005
Page 30

Economic growth
Connectivity
33.0

300 270 240 210 180 150 120 90 60 30 0 1990

No data available
2005
2010
Water
Fiscal balance
Per 100 population
10 8 6 4 2 0 2000
64.4
Monetary measures
No data available
Labour
2005
2010
342.9 17.5 16.0 14.5
Energy

No data available
No data available
1990 2009 Industry
1990 2009 Transport
Biodiversity
Exports of merchandise(% of GDP), 2011 Imports of merchandise(% of GDP), 2011 Exports of services(% of GDP), 2008 Imports of services(% of GDP), 2008 FDI inflows(% of GDP), 2011 FDI outflows(% of GDP), ODA received(% of GDP), 2010 Workers remittances received(% of GDP), Net external debt (% of GDP), 8.3 56.4 10.0 22.3 2.6 42.1
8.4 2.7
The present country profile for Micronesia (F.S.) is part of a series of country profiles for each of the 58 ESCAP regional members and published as part of the Statistical Yearbook for Asia and the Pacific 2012. Further information regarding data series used in this country profile, including indicator definitions and data sources, are available from the Statistical Yearbook website at http://www.unescap.org/stat/data/syb2012. For most indicators, times series data from 1990 to the latest year with data available can also be accessed and downloaded

100 90 % of land area 80 70 60 50 40 30 1990 2000 2010
No data available
Natural disasters
Page 31
0 0 0.0
Mongolia
Unless otherwise specified, the charts below use the following color legend: world aggregate; AsiaPacific aggregate; Mongolia
Health
Education
25.5 30.7 5.3 63.0 99.0 500 200 0.1
1.8
98.7 81.2 53.3
97.4 96.9 97.9
2.4
Demographics trends
Ratio
1.2
0.6

Urban Rural
20
5.4 14.6 0.24
1990
2010
Richest Poorest
Pupils per teacher

3.0 2.5 % per annum 2.0 1.5 1.0
53.0 26.0 21.0 8.0 27.6 58.0
40 35 30 25 20

15 0.5 0.0 1990 2000 2010 % of GDP 10

Pupils per teacher
1990 30
1995
2000
2005
2010
25 20 15 10 2000 2005 2010 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Female 80+ yrs 7579 7074 6569 6064 5559 5054 4549 4044 3539 3034 2529 2024 1519 1014 59 04 20 15 10 5 0 0 5 10 Male
1995

1990 2011
Population living in poverty below $1.25 2005 PPP a day, (% of pop.), below national poverty line (% of pop.), 2008 Gini index(income equality coefficient), 2008 Population lacking access to improved water sources (% of pop.) , 2010 Rural Urban improved sanitation (% of pop.) , 2010 Rural 18.0 47.0 0.0 49.0 71.0 36.0
0
35.2
36.5
1 000
500
15
20
Urban
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Page 31

Economic growth
Connectivity
41.4

3200 2880 2560 2240 1920 1600 1280 960 640 320 0 1990

1990
2000
2010
2005
2010
Water
Fiscal balance
Per 100 population
10 8 6 4 2 0 2000
34.4
Monetary measures

Agriculture 44.4 %
Labour
Domestic use 23.8 % Industry 31.8 %
2005
2010
Energy
57.4 52.0 63.1 3.3 3.6 3.0 20.0
1.2 31.7 3.5 48.0 19.3


Agriculture 500 Thousand people 400 300 200 100 Tons per capita Industry Services

1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0
30 20 10 0
1990 2009 Industry
1990 2009 Transport
0 1990 2000 2010
1990
2000
2010
Biodiversity
3.6 5.6
The present country profile for Mongolia is part of a series of country profiles for each of the 58 ESCAP regional members and published as part of the Statistical Yearbook for Asia and the Pacific 2012. Further information regarding data series used in this country profile, including indicator definitions and data sources, are available from the Statistical Yearbook website at http://www.unescap.org/stat/data/syb2012. For most indicators, times series data from 1990 to the latest year with data available can also be accessed and downloaded from the online database available from the website. ESCAP Statistics Division October 2012

35 30 % of land area 25 20 15 10 5 1990 2000 2010
120 100 Percentage 80 60 40 20

Exports Imports
Natural disasters
Page 32
0 0 0.0
Myanmar
Unless otherwise specified, the charts below use the following color legend: world aggregate; AsiaPacific aggregate; Myanmar
Health
deaths per 100 000 live births 200 400 600
Education
47.9 62.4 29.6 200.0 79.8 230 000 81 000 0.6
1.2
Net enrolment in primary education (*), Net enrolment in secondary education (*), 2010 Gross enrolment in tertiary education (*), 2007 (*) % of respective school aged population Adult literacy rate (*), 2010 Male (*), 2010 Female (*), 2010 (*) % of population aged 15 yrs and above
50.8 11.0
92.3 94.8 89.9
Demographics trends
Ratio 0.6 0.0 Primary 1999 2010 Secondary 1992 2007 Tertiary
No data available

1990 2010
1.3 18.1 0.16
Pupils per teacher

2.0
60 50 40 30 20

1.5 % per annum
1.0
0.5
15

Pupils per teacher
1990 40 35 30 25 20 15 10
1995
2000
2005
2010
0.0 1990 2000 2010
% of GDP
10

Female
80+ yrs 7579 7074 6569 6064 5559 5054 4549 4044 3539 3034 2529 2024 1519 1014 59 04
1995
2000
2005
2010
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Male

1990 2011
0.0

12.5
6.2
14 12 10
10 12 14
Urban
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Page 32

Economic growth
Connectivity
23.0

1990
2000
2010
2005
2010
Water
Fiscal balance
Per 100 population
10 8 6 4 2 0 2000
3.5
Monetary measures
Agriculture 89 % Industry 1 % Domestic use 10 %
Labour
20
2005
2010
Energy
75.7 72.1 79.5 6.0 8.8 4.7
5.1 41.3 11.9 5.0 24.3

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 % of total final consumption


1.0 0.8
Million people
Tons per capita
0.6 0.4 0.2
10
1990 2009 Industry
1990 2009 Transport
0 1990 2000 2010
0.0 1990 2000 2010
Biodiversity
0.2 0.2
The present country profile for Myanmar is part of a series of country profiles for each of the 58 ESCAP regional members and published as part of the Statistical Yearbook for Asia and the Pacific 2012. Further information regarding data series used in this country profile, including indicator definitions and data sources, are available from the Statistical Yearbook website at http://www.unescap.org/stat/data/syb2012. For most indicators, times series data from 1990 to the latest year with data available can also be accessed and downloaded from the online database available from the website. ESCAP Statistics Division October 2012

65 60 % of land area 55 50 45 40 35 30 1990 2000 2010
120 100 Percentage 80 60 40 20

Exports Imports
Natural disasters
Page 33
225 54 0.1
Nauru
Unless otherwise specified, the charts below use the following color legend: world aggregate; AsiaPacific aggregate; Nauru
Health
Mortality rate (death per 1 000 live births) Infant, 2011 Underfive, 2011 Children underfive underweight (%), 2007 Maternal mortality ratio, (deaths per 100 000 live births) Antenatal care, at least 1 visit, 2007 (% of women with live birth) Population living with HIV, Total adults, Female adults, HIV prevalence rate, (% of population aged 1549) 32.4 40.0 4.8 94.5
Education
Demographics trends
Maternal mortality
No data available
No data available
No data available
7.5


3
2 % per annum
25 20

Pupils per teacher
1990 40 35 30 25 20 15 10
1995
2000
2005
2010
1 1990 2000 2010
% of GDP
15 10 5 0 1995 2000 2005 2010
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010

Population living in poverty below $1.25 2005 PPP a day, (% of pop.), below national poverty line (% of pop.), No data available Gini index(income equality coefficient), Population lacking access to improved water sources (% of pop.) , 2010 Rural Urban improved sanitation (% of pop.) , 2010 Rural Urban 35.0
0.0

12.0 2.0 12.0 35.0
2.0
1.0
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Page 33

Economic growth
Connectivity
58.9

200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 1990

No data available
2005
2010
Water
Fiscal balance
Per 100 population
10 8 6 4 2 0 2000
Monetary measures
No data available
Labour
2005
2010
9.8
Energy

No data available
No data available
1990 2009 Industry
1990 2009 Transport
Biodiversity
Exports of merchandise(% of GDP), Imports of merchandise(% of GDP), Exports of services(% of GDP), Imports of services(% of GDP), FDI inflows(% of GDP), 2010 FDI outflows(% of GDP), ODA received(% of GDP), 2010 Workers remittances received(% of GDP), Net external debt (% of GDP), 1.6 43.8
The present country profile for Nauru is part of a series of country profiles for each of the 58 ESCAP regional members and published as part of the Statistical Yearbook for Asia and the Pacific 2012. Further information regarding data series used in this country profile, including indicator definitions and data sources, are available from the Statistical Yearbook website at http://www.unescap.org/stat/data/syb2012. For most indicators, times series data from 1990 to the latest year with data available can also be accessed and downloaded from the online database available from the website.
No data available
No data available
Natural disasters
Deaths(number per annum), People affected (1 000 per annum), Economic damages (% of GDP),
Page 34

Nepal
Unless otherwise specified, the charts below use the following color legend: world aggregate; AsiaPacific aggregate; Nepal
Health
Education
1.2
Demographics trends
Ratio
0.6

Urban Rural
20
4.7 20.2
1990
2010
Richest Poorest
3.0 2.5 % per annum 2.0 1.5 1.0
7.9 2.1 50.0
Pupils per teacher
31.0 60.0 10.0
50 45 40 35 30 25 20

15 0.5 0.0 1990 2000 2010 % of GDP 10

Pupils per teacher
1990 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 1990
1995
2000
2005
2010

Female 80+ yrs 7579 7074 6569 6064 5559 5054 4549 4044 3539 3034 2529 2024 1519 1014 59 04 20 15 10 5 0 0 5 10 Male
1995
2000
2005
2010
1995
2000
2005
2010

1990 2011
0.0
24.8 25.2 32.8
Million people 20.0 15.0 10.0 5.0 30.0 Water 25.0 Sanitation
15
20
Urban
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Page 34

Economic growth
Connectivity
35.0

1990
2000
2010
2005
2010
Water
Fiscal balance
Per 100 population
10 8 6 4 2 0 2000
20.4
Monetary measures
Agriculture 98.2 %
Labour
2005
2010
Energy
82.1 78.8 85.6 2.7 2.4 3.1 3.0
138.6 55.9 3.0 15.0

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 % of total final consumption


1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0
1990 2009 Industry
1990 2009 Transport
0 1990 2000 2010
1990
2000
2010
Biodiversity
2.5 2.5
The present country profile for Nepal is part of a series of country profiles for each of the 58 ESCAP regional members and published as part of the Statistical Yearbook for Asia and the Pacific 2012. Further information regarding data series used in this country profile, including indicator definitions and data sources, are available from the Statistical Yearbook website at http://www.unescap.org/stat/data/syb2012. For most indicators, times series data from 1990 to the latest year with data available can also be accessed and downloaded from the online database available from the website. ESCAP Statistics Division October 2012

35
% of land area
30
25 120 20 1990 2000 2010 100 Percentage 80 60 40 20

Exports Imports
Natural disasters
Page 35
182 195 0.0

New Caledonia
Unless otherwise specified, the charts below use the following color legend: world aggregate; AsiaPacific aggregate; New Caledonia
Health
Education
Demographics trends
Maternal mortality
No data available
No data available
No data available


3.0 2.5 % per annum 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 1990 2000 2010


Female
80+ yrs 7579 7074 6569 6064 5559 5054 4549 4044 3539 3034 2529 2024 1519 1014 59 04
Male

1990 2011
No data available
14 12 10
10 12 14
Urban

Economic growth
GDP at current prices (billion US $), 2010 Growth rate (annual average, %), 200510 Per capita (2005 PPP $), Gross domestic investment rate (% of GDP), 2010 8.9 3.4
Connectivity
39.2

7200 6480 5040 4320 3600 2880 2160 1440 720 0 1990 5760

No data available
2005
2010
Water
Fiscal balance
Per 100 population
20
15
Monetary measures
10
No data available
Labour
0 2000 2005 2010
Energy


Agriculture 50 Thousand people Industry Services
30 20 10 0
40 30 20 10
No data available
1990 2009 Industry
1990 2009 Transport
0 1990 2000 2010
Biodiversity
1.5 2.0
The present country profile for New Caledonia is part of a series of country profiles for each of the 58 ESCAP regional members and published as part of the Statistical Yearbook for Asia and the Pacific 2012. Further information regarding data series used in this country profile, including indicator definitions and data sources, are available from the Statistical Yearbook website at http://www.unescap.org/stat/data/syb2012. For most indicators, times series data from 1990 to the latest year with data available can also be accessed and downloaded from the online database available from the website. ESCAP Statistics Division October 2012

50 45 40 35
% of land area
80 30 Percentage 1990 2000 2010 60 40 20

Exports Imports
Natural disasters
Page 36
0 0 0.0
0 1990 2000 2010
New Zealand
Unless otherwise specified, the charts below use the following color legend: world aggregate; AsiaPacific aggregate; New Zealand
Health
Mortality rate (death per 1 000 live births) Infant, 2011 Underfive, 2011 Children underfive underweight (%), Maternal mortality ratio, 2010 (deaths per 100 000 live births) Antenatal care, at least 1 visit, 1994 (% of women with live birth) Population living with HIV, Total adults, 2009 Female adults, 2009 HIV prevalence rate, 2009 (% of population aged 1549) Maternal mortality 19902010 4.4 1.1 86.2 16.5 22.0 3.1 2.2 30.9 80.1 78.7 82.6
Education
4.7 5.9 15.0 95.0 2 400 1 000 0.1
1.2 Ratio
99.3 94.7 82.6
1.8
Demographics trends
0.6
No data available

1990 2010
7.2 16.1 1.30
Pupils per teacher

2.0
35 30 25 20 15 10

1.5 % per annum
1.0
0.5
15

Pupils per teacher
1990 30
1995
2000
2005
2010
% of GDP 10 25 20 15 10 2000 2005 2010 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
0.0 1990 2000 2010

Female
80+ yrs 7579 7074 6569 6064 5559 5054 4549 4044 3539 3034 2529 2024 1519 1014 59 04
1995
Male

1990 2011
Population living in poverty below $1.25 2005 PPP a day, (% of pop.), below national poverty line (% of pop.), Gini index(income equality coefficient), 1997 Population lacking access to improved water sources (% of pop.) , 2010 Rural Urban improved sanitation (% of pop.) , Rural 0.0 0.0 0.0 12.0
0.0

36.2
60.0 40.0 20.0
14 12 10
10 12 14
Urban
1990
1995
2000
Page 36

Economic growth
Connectivity
19.6

150 135 105 90 75 60 45 30 15 120

1990
2000
2010
0 1990
2005
2010
Water
Fiscal balance
Per 100 population
30 25 20 15 10 5 0 2000
36.1
Monetary measures

Agriculture 74.3 %
Industry 4.2 %
Labour
3
2005
2010
Domestic use 21.5 %
Energy
63.2 57.5 69.3 6.5 6.8 6.3 17.3
14.9 358.1 65.9 603.0 10.0

% of total final consumption 40 30 Million people 2 20 10 0

3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5
1990 2009 Industry
1990 2009 Transport
0 1990 2000 2010
0.0 1990 2000 2010
Biodiversity
Exports of merchandise(% of GDP), 2010 Imports of merchandise(% of GDP), 2010 Exports of services(% of GDP), 2010 Imports of services(% of GDP), 2010 FDI inflows(% of GDP), 2010 FDI outflows(% of GDP), 2010 ODA received(% of GDP), Workers remittances received(% of GDP), 1997 Net external debt (% of GDP), 22.2 21.7 6.3 6.5 0.4 0.4 0.3
3.5 2.1
The present country profile for New Zealand is part of a series of country profiles for each of the 58 ESCAP regional members and published as part of the Statistical Yearbook for Asia and the Pacific 2012. Further information regarding data series used in this country profile, including indicator definitions and data sources, are available from the Statistical Yearbook website at http://www.unescap.org/stat/data/syb2012. For most indicators, times series data from 1990 to the latest year with data available can also be accessed and downloaded from the online database available from the website. ESCAP Statistics Division October 2012

34 % of land area 32 30 28 26

Exports Imports
1990
2000
2010
Natural disasters
Page 37
182 300 4.6

0 1990 2000 2010
Niue
Unless otherwise specified, the charts below use the following color legend: world aggregate; AsiaPacific aggregate; Niue
Health
Education
1.2
Demographics trends
Maternal mortality
Ratio
0.6
No data available
No data available
10.1


2
1 % per annum
1 40 2 Pupils per teacher 30 3 1990 2000 2010 % of GDP 20 10 0 1995 2000 2005 2010
1990 30
1995
2000
2005
2010
25 20 15 10 5 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

0.0

60.0 40.0 20.0
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Page 37

Economic growth
Connectivity

Per 100 population 80 60 40 20 0 2000
2005
2010
Water
Fiscal balance
Per 100 population
10 8 6 4 2 0 2000
Monetary measures
No data available
Labour
2005
2010
Energy

No data available
No data available
1990 2009 Industry
1990 2009 Transport
Biodiversity
The present country profile for Niue is part of a series of country profiles for each of the 58 ESCAP regional members and published as part of the Statistical Yearbook for Asia and the Pacific 2012. Further information regarding data series used in this country profile, including indicator definitions and data sources, are available from the Statistical Yearbook website at http://www.unescap.org/stat/data/syb2012. For most indicators, times series data from 1990 to the latest year with data available can also be accessed and downloaded

90 80 % of land area 70 60 50 40 30 1990 2000 2010
No data available
Natural disasters
Page 38
0 0
Northern Mariana Is.

Unless otherwise specified, the charts below use the following color legend: world aggregate; AsiaPacific aggregate; Northern Mariana Is.
Health
Education
Demographics trends
Maternal mortality
No data available
No data available
No data available


8 6 % per annum 4 2 0 2 4 1990 2000 2010


0.0

Thousand people 8.0 Water Sanitation
4.0
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Page 38

Economic growth
Connectivity
Fixed telephone mainlines (*), 2010 Mobile cellular subscriptions (*), 2004 Internet users (*), Fixed broadband internet subscribers (*), 2009 (*) per 100 population 41.9 29.9 0.0
No data available
Water
Fiscal balance
Per 100 population
10 8 6 4 2 0 2000
Monetary measures
No data available
Labour
30
2005
2010
Energy
6.5 5.8 7.3 5.9


Thousand people
20
No data available
10
1990 2009 Industry
1990 2009 Transport
0 1990 2000 2010
Biodiversity
The present country profile for Northern Mariana Is. is part of a series of country profiles for each of the 58 ESCAP regional members and published as part of the Statistical Yearbook for Asia and the Pacific 2012. Further information regarding data series used in this country profile, including indicator definitions and data sources, are available from the Statistical Yearbook website at http://www.unescap.org/stat/data/syb2012. For most indicators, times series data from 1990 to the latest

80 70 % of land area 60 50 40 30 1990 2000 2010
No data available
Natural disasters
Page 39
0 0
Pakistan
Unless otherwise specified, the charts below use the following color legend: world aggregate; AsiaPacific aggregate; Pakistan
Health
Education
1.2
176.7 1.8 36.2 222.4 2.4 2.4 3.3 31.6 64.6 64.5 66.4
100
Demographics trends
Ratio
0.6

Urban Rural
20
2.4 9.9 0.46
1990
2010
Richest Poorest
3.5 3.0 2.5 % per annum 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 1990 2000 2010
3.6 8.1 6.0
Pupils per teacher
26.0 64.0 9.0
50 45 40 35 30 25 20

15

Pupils per teacher
1990 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
% of GDP
10

Female 80+ yrs 7579 7074 6569 6064 5559 5054 4549 4044 3539 3034 2529 2024 1519 1014 59 04 20 15 10 5 0 0 5 10 Male
1995
2000
2005
2010
1995
2000
2005
2010

1990 2011
0.0 20.0
21.0 22.3
80.0 100.0 Water Sanitation
30.0
Million people 60.0 40.0
15
20
Urban
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Page 39

Economic growth
Connectivity
15.4

150 135 120 105 90 75 60 45 30 15 0 1990

1990
2000
2010
2005
2010
Water
Fiscal balance
Per 100 population
10 8 6 4 2 0 2000
20.0
Monetary measures
Agriculture 94 % Industry 0.8 % Domestic use 5.3 %
Labour
30
2005
2010
Energy
50.6 20.5 79.8 5.0 8.7 4.0 7.7
10.1 335.1 65.4 10.0 25.2

% of total final consumption 60 50 Million people 40 30 20 10 0 20


1.0 0.8 Tons per capita 0.6 0.4 0.2
10
1990 2009 Industry
1990 2009 Transport
0 1990 2000 2010
0.0 1990 2000 2010
Biodiversity
0.6 1.0
The present country profile for Pakistan is part of a series of country profiles for each of the 58 ESCAP regional members and published as part of the Statistical Yearbook for Asia and the Pacific 2012. Further information regarding data series used in this country profile, including indicator definitions and data sources, are available from the Statistical Yearbook website at http://www.unescap.org/stat/data/syb2012. For most indicators, times series data from 1990 to the latest year with data available can also be accessed and downloaded from the online database available from the website. ESCAP Statistics Division October 2012

35 30 % of land area 25 20 15 10 5 0
60 50 Percentage 2000 2010 40 30 20 10

Exports Imports
1990
Natural disasters
Page 40
511 5 401 1.4

0 1990 2000 2010
Palau
Unless otherwise specified, the charts below use the following color legend: world aggregate; AsiaPacific aggregate; Palau
Health
Education
Net enrolment in primary education (*), 2000 Net enrolment in secondary education (*), Gross enrolment in tertiary education (*), 2002 (*) % of respective school aged population Adult literacy rate (*), Male (*), Female (*), (*) % of population aged 15 yrs and above 96.4 37.9
2.4
1.8
Demographics trends
Maternal mortality
Ratio
1.2
0.6
No data available
No data available
10.3


3.0 2.5 % per annum 2.0 1.5 1.0
15 0.5 0.0 1990 2000 2010 % of GDP 10

Pupils per teacher
1990 30
1995
2000
2005
2010
25 20 15 10 2000 2005 2010 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
0 1995

0.0

3.0
1.5
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Page 40

Economic growth
Connectivity
21.3

200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 1990

No data available
2005
2010
Water
Fiscal balance
Per 100 population
10 8 6 4 2 0 2000
46.6
Monetary measures
No data available
Labour
2005
2010
14.9
Energy

No data available
No data available
1990 2009 Industry
1990 2009 Transport
Biodiversity
56.0 0.9
The present country profile for Palau is part of a series of country profiles for each of the 58 ESCAP regional members and published as part of the Statistical Yearbook for Asia and the Pacific 2012. Further information regarding data series used in this country profile, including indicator definitions and data sources, are available from the Statistical Yearbook website at http://www.unescap.org/stat/data/syb2012. For most indicators, times series data from 1990 to the latest year with data available can also be accessed and downloaded

100 90 % of land area 80 70 60 50 40 30 1990 2000 2010
No data available
Natural disasters
Deaths(number per annum), People affected (1 000 per annum), Economic damages (% of GDP),
Page 41

Papua New Guinea

Unless otherwise specified, the charts below use the following color legend: world aggregate; AsiaPacific aggregate; Papua New Guinea
Health
Education
1.2
Demographics trends
Ratio
0.6
No data available

1990 2010
Pupils per teacher

3.0 2.5 % per annum 2.0 1.5 1.0
Years of life lost (YLL), (% of YLL), 2008 Communicable diseases Noncommunicable diseases Injuries Government health expenditure, 2010 (% of government expenditure) Number of physicians (*), 2008 Number of hospital beds (*), (*) per 10 000 population
45 40 35 30 25 20

15 0.5 0.0 1990 2000 2010 % of GDP 10

Pupils per teacher
1990 30
1995
2000
2005
2010
25
20
15 2000 2005 2010 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Female 80+ yrs 7579 7074 6569 6064 5559 5054 4549 4044 3539 3034 2529 2024 1519 1014 59 04 20 15 10 5 0 0 5 10 Male
1995

1990 2011
0.0 1.0
35.8 37.5
50.9
15
20
Urban
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Page 41

Economic growth
Connectivity
15.1

6400 5760 5120 4480 3840 3200 2560 1920 1280 640 0 1990

No data available
2005
2010
Water
Fiscal balance
Per 100 population
10 8 6 4 2 0 2000
31.3
Monetary measures

Domestic use 57 %
Agriculture 0.3 %
Labour
2005
2010
Industry 42.7 %
43.3 3.5 6.0 14.1
Energy

No data available
No data available
1990 2009 Industry
1990 2009 Transport
Biodiversity
0.0 1.4
The present country profile for Papua New Guinea is part of a series of country profiles for each of the 58 ESCAP regional members and published as part of the Statistical Yearbook for Asia and the Pacific 2012. Further information regarding data series used in this country profile, including indicator definitions and data sources, are available from the Statistical Yearbook website at http://www.unescap.org/stat/data/syb2012. For most indicators, times series data from 1990 to the latest year with data available can also be accessed and downloaded from the online database available from the website. ESCAP Statistics Division October 2012

80 70 % of land area 60 50 40 30 1990 2000 2010
120 100 Percentage 80 60 40 20

Exports Imports
Natural disasters
Page 42
0 0 0.0
Philippines
Unless otherwise specified, the charts below use the following color legend: world aggregate; AsiaPacific aggregate; Philippines
Health
100
Education
20.2 25.4 20.7 99.0 91.1 8 600 2 600 0.1
1.2 Ratio
88.3 61.6 28.9
95.4 95.0 95.8
1.8
Demographics trends
0.6

Urban Rural
20
2.7 15.0 0.11
1990
2010
Richest Poorest
Pupils per teacher

3.0 2.5 % per annum 2.0 1.5 1.0
45.0 42.0 13.0 7.6 11.5 5.0
45 40 35 30 25 20

15 0.5 0.0 1990 2000 2010 % of GDP 10

Pupils per teacher
1990 45 40 35 30 25 20 15
1995
2000
2005
2010

Female 80+ yrs 7579 7074 6569 6064 5559 5054 4549 4044 3539 3034 2529 2024 1519 1014 59 04 20 15 10 5 0 0 5 10 Male
1995
2000
2005
2010
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010

1990 2011
0.0
18.4 26.5 43.0
Million people 23.3 17.5 11.7 5.8 35.0 Water 29.2 Sanitation
15
20
Urban
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Page 42

Economic growth
Connectivity
20.5

150 135 120 105 90 75 60 45 30 15 0 1990

1990
2000
2010
2005
2010
Water
Fiscal balance
Per 100 population
10 8 6 4 2 0 2000
16.8
Monetary measures

Agriculture 82.2 %
Labour
2005
2010
Energy
30
60.0 46.2 73.9 7.5 7.4 7.5 17.4
1.6 670.9 9.9 8.0 19.8



1.0 0.8 Tons per capita 0.6 0.4 0.2
10
1990 2009 Industry
1990 2009 Transport
0 1990 2000 2010
0.0 1990 2000 2010
Biodiversity
1.8 2.1
The present country profile for Philippines is part of a series of country profiles for each of the 58 ESCAP regional members and published as part of the Statistical Yearbook for Asia and the Pacific 2012. Further information regarding data series used in this country profile, including indicator definitions and data sources, are available from the Statistical Yearbook website at http://www.unescap.org/stat/data/syb2012. For most indicators, times series data from 1990 to the latest year with data available can also be accessed and downloaded from the online database available from the website. ESCAP Statistics Division October 2012

35
% of land area
30
25 80 20 Percentage 1990 2000 2010 60 40 20

Exports Imports
Natural disasters
Page 43
1 989 11 723 0.4

0 1990 2000 2010
Republic of Korea
Unless otherwise specified, the charts below use the following color legend: world aggregate; AsiaPacific aggregate; Republic of Korea
Health
Education
4.1 4.8 16.0 9 500 2 900 0.1 Net enrolment in primary education (*), 2010 Net enrolment in secondary education (*), 2010 Gross enrolment in tertiary education (*), 2010 (*) % of respective school aged population Adult literacy rate (*), Male (*), Female (*), (*) % of population aged 15 yrs and above 98.6 96.0 103.1
1.2
Demographics trends
Ratio
0.6
No data available

1990 2010
5.0 15.8 3.74
Pupils per teacher

2.0
45 40 35 30 25 20

1.5 % per annum
1.0
0.5
15

Pupils per teacher
1990 35
1995
2000
2005
2010
% of GDP 10 30 25 20 15 2000 2005 2010 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
0.0 1990 2000 2010

Female
80+ yrs 7579 7074 6569 6064 5559 5054 4549 4044 3539 3034 2529 2024 1519 1014 59 04
1995
Male

1990 2011
0.0 1.0

31.6
14 12 10
10 12 14
Urban
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Page 43

Economic growth
Connectivity
29.2
15 Tons per capita

950 855 665 570 475 380 285 190 95 760

10
0 1990 2000 2010
0 1990
2005
2010
Water
Fiscal balance
Per 100 population
50 40 30 20 10 0 2000
21.4
Monetary measures

Agriculture 62 %
Labour
Industry 12 % Domestic use 26 %
2005
2010
Energy
30
58.0 47.7 68.6 3.4 3.1 3.6 9.6
34.9 1 083.2 78.5 267.0 13.0



2.0
1.5
1.0
10
0.5
1990 2009 Industry
1990 2009 Transport
0 1990 2000 2010
0.0 1990 2000 2010
Biodiversity
1.6 2.1
The present country profile for Republic of Korea is part of a series of country profiles for each of the 58 ESCAP regional members and published as part of the Statistical Yearbook for Asia and the Pacific 2012. Further information regarding data series used in this country profile, including indicator definitions and data sources, are available from the Statistical Yearbook website at http://www.unescap.org/stat/data/syb2012. For most indicators, times series data from 1990 to the latest year with data available can also be accessed and downloaded from the online database available from the website. ESCAP Statistics Division October 2012

70 60 50 40
% of land area
80 30 Percentage 1990 2000 2010 60 40 20

Exports Imports
Natural disasters
Page 44
121 29 0.0
0 1990 2000 2010
Russian Federation
Unless otherwise specified, the charts below use the following color legend: world aggregate; AsiaPacific aggregate; Russian Federation
Health
Education
9.8 11.9 34.0 960 000 480 000 1.0
1.2
Net enrolment in primary education (*), 2009 Net enrolment in secondary education (*), Gross enrolment in tertiary education (*), 2009 (*) % of respective school aged population Adult literacy rate (*), 2010 Male (*), 2010 Female (*), 2010 (*) % of population aged 15 yrs and above
93.4 75.9
99.6 99.7 99.5
Demographics trends
Ratio 0.6 0.0 1994 2009 Primary Secondary 1991 2009 Tertiary
No data available

1990 2010
4.1 11.9 1.16
Pupils per teacher

2.0 1.5 % per annum 1.0 0.5 0.0
35 30 25 20 15

15 0.5 1.0 1990 2000 2010 % of GDP 10

Pupils per teacher
1990 30
1995
2000
2005
2010
25 20 15 10 5 2000 2005 2010 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Female
80+ yrs 7579 7074 6569 6064 5559 5054 4549 4044 3539 3034 2529 2024 1519 1014 59 04
1995
Male

1990 2011
0.0 10.0
0.0 11.1
40.1
14 12 10
10 12 14
Urban
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Page 44

Economic growth
Connectivity
22.8

900 810 630 540 450 360 270 180 90 0 1990 720

1990
2000
2010
2005
2010
Water
Fiscal balance
Per 100 population
15
10
Monetary measures

Domestic use 20.2 % Agriculture 19.9 %
Labour
Industry 59.8 %
0 2000 2005 2010
Energy
58.8 52.8 66.0 6.6 6.2 7.0 15.5
5.2 60.0 80.1 233.0 25.1



2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5
30 20 10 0
1990 2009 Industry
1990 2009 Transport
0 1990 2000 2010
0.0 1990 2000 2010
Biodiversity
Exports of merchandise(% of GDP), 2011 Imports of merchandise(% of GDP), 2011 Exports of services(% of GDP), 2011 Imports of services(% of GDP), 2011 FDI inflows(% of GDP), 2011 FDI outflows(% of GDP), 2011 ODA received(% of GDP), Workers remittances received(% of GDP), 2010 Net external debt (% of GDP), 2010 33.8 20.9 3.5 5.8 3.4 4.4 0.1 26.0
1.1 2.4
The present country profile for Russian Federation is part of a series of country profiles for each of the 58 ESCAP regional members and published as part of the Statistical Yearbook for Asia and the Pacific 2012. Further information regarding data series used in this country profile, including indicator definitions and data sources, are available from the Statistical Yearbook website at http://www.unescap.org/stat/data/syb2012. For most indicators, times series data from 1990 to the latest year with data available can also be accessed and downloaded from the online database available from the website. ESCAP Statistics Division October 2012

55 50 % of land area 45 40 35 30
60 50 Percentage 2000 2010 40 30 20 10

Exports Imports
1990
Natural disasters
Page 45
1 14 0.0
0 1990 2000 2010
Samoa
Unless otherwise specified, the charts below use the following color legend: world aggregate; AsiaPacific aggregate; Samoa
Health
Education
16.0 18.7 1.7 100.0 93.0
1.2
93.7 77.8 7.5
98.8 99.0 98.6
Demographics trends
Ratio
0.6

1990 2010
5.3 13.4
Pupils per teacher

2.0
40 35 30 25 20 15

1.5 % per annum
1.0
0.5
15

Pupils per teacher
1990 40
1995
2000
2005
2010
35 30 25 20 15 2000 2005 2010 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 % of GDP 10
0.0 1990 2000 2010

Female
80+ yrs 7579 7074 6569 6064 5559 5054 4549 4044 3539 3034 2529 2024 1519 1014 59 04
1995
Male

1990 2011
0.0

10.0
5.0
20
15
10
10
15
20
Urban
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Page 45

Economic growth
Connectivity
9.0

600 540 480 420 360 300 240 180 120 60 0 1990

No data available
2005
2010
Water
Fiscal balance
Per 100 population
10 8 6 4 2 0 2000
44.7
Monetary measures
No data available
Labour
2005
2010
279.2 14.2 40.0 13.2
Energy

No data available
No data available
1990 2009 Industry
1990 2009 Transport
Biodiversity
21.6 3.3
The present country profile for Samoa is part of a series of country profiles for each of the 58 ESCAP regional members and published as part of the Statistical Yearbook for Asia and the Pacific 2012. Further information regarding data series used in this country profile, including indicator definitions and data sources, are available from the Statistical Yearbook website at http://www.unescap.org/stat/data/syb2012. For most indicators, times series data from 1990 to the latest year with data available can also be accessed and downloaded from the online database available from the website. ESCAP Statistics Division October 2012

65 60 % of land area 55 50 45 40 35 30 1990 2000 2010
120 100 Percentage 80 60 40 20

Exports Imports
Natural disasters
Page 46
0 0 0.0
Singapore
Unless otherwise specified, the charts below use the following color legend: world aggregate; AsiaPacific aggregate; Singapore
Health
Mortality rate (death per 1 000 live births) Infant, 2011 Underfive, 2011 Children underfive underweight (%), 2000 Maternal mortality ratio, 2010 (deaths per 100 000 live births) Antenatal care, at least 1 visit, (% of women with live birth) Population living with HIV, Total adults, 2009 Female adults, 2009 HIV prevalence rate, 2009 (% of population aged 1549) Maternal mortality 19902010 5.2 3.5 100.0 7 334.4 38.7 30.9 1.3 4.8 80.6 78.8 83.4
Education
2.0 2.6 3.3 3.0 3 300 1 000 0.1 Net enrolment in primary education (*), Net enrolment in secondary education (*), Gross enrolment in tertiary education (*), (*) % of respective school aged population Adult literacy rate (*), 2010 Male (*), 2010 Female (*), 2010 (*) % of population aged 15 yrs and above 95.9 98.0 93.8
Demographics trends
No data available
No data available

1990 2010
3.3 10.3 2.27
Pupils per teacher

5
35 30 25 20 15

4 % per annum
2 15 1 Pupils per teacher % of GDP 10
1990 30
1995
2000
2005
2010
25 20 15 10 2000 2005 2010 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
0 1990 2000 2010

Female
80+ yrs 7579 7074 6569 6064 5559 5054 4549 4044 3539 3034 2529 2024 1519 1014 59 04
1995
Male

1990 2011
Population living in poverty below $1.25 2005 PPP a day, (% of pop.), below national poverty line (% of pop.), Gini index(income equality coefficient), 1998 Population lacking access to improved water sources (% of pop.) , 2010 Rural Urban improved sanitation (% of pop.) , 2010 Rural 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0

42.5
20.0
10.0
14 12 10
10 12 14
Urban
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Page 46

Economic growth
Connectivity
23.8
15 Tons per capita

200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20

10
0 1990 2000 2010
0 1990
2005
2010
Water
Renewable water available (m per capita per annum), 2010 Domestic water withdrawal (m per capita per annum), 2007 118 235.1
Fiscal balance
Per 100 population
30 25 20 15 10 5 0 2000
17.9
Monetary measures
No data available
Labour
3
2005
2010
Energy
63.7 53.8 73.5 5.9 6.5 5.4 12.9
4 794.3 100.0 121.0 4.7



2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
1990 2009 Industry
1990 2009 Transport
0 1990 2000 2010
0.0 1990 2000 2010
Biodiversity
7.7 9.0
The present country profile for Singapore is part of a series of country profiles for each of the 58 ESCAP regional members and published as part of the Statistical Yearbook for Asia and the Pacific 2012. Further information regarding data series used in this country profile, including indicator definitions and data sources, are available from the Statistical Yearbook website at http://www.unescap.org/stat/data/syb2012. For most indicators, times series data from 1990 to the latest year with data available can also be accessed and downloaded from the online database available from the website.

35 30 % of land area 25 20 15 10 5 0
100 80 Percentage 2000 2010 60 40 20

Exports Imports
1990
Natural disasters
Page 47
0 0 0.0
Solomon Islands
Unless otherwise specified, the charts below use the following color legend: world aggregate; AsiaPacific aggregate; Solomon Islands
Health
Education
18.4 21.6 11.5 93.0 73.9 Net enrolment in primary education (*), 2007 Net enrolment in secondary education (*), 2007 Gross enrolment in tertiary education (*), (*) % of respective school aged population Adult literacy rate (*), 1999 Male (*), 1999 Female (*), 1999 (*) % of population aged 15 yrs and above 76.6 83.7 69.0 82.0 30.9
1.2
Demographics trends
Ratio
0.6
No data available

1990 2010
6.1
Pupils per teacher

3.0 2.5 % per annum 2.0 1.5 1.0
Years of life lost (YLL), (% of YLL), 2008 Communicable diseases Noncommunicable diseases Injuries Government health expenditure, 2010 (% of government expenditure) Number of physicians (*), 2009 Number of hospital beds (*), (*) per 10 000 population
35 30 25 20 15

15 0.5 0.0 1990 2000 2010 % of GDP 10

Pupils per teacher
1990 30
1995
2000
2005
2010
25 20 15 10 2000 2005 2010 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Female 80+ yrs 7579 7074 6569 6064 5559 5054 4549 4044 3539 3034 2529 2024 1519 1014 59 04 20 15 10 5 0 0 5 10 Male
1995

1990 2011
0

200
100
15
20
Urban
1995
2000
2005
Page 47

Economic growth
Connectivity
20.3

600 540 480 420 360 300 240 180 120 60 0 1990

No data available
2005
2010
Water
Renewable water available (m per capita per annum), 2010 Domestic water withdrawal (m per capita per annum), 83 086
Fiscal balance
Per 100 population
10 8 6 4 2 0 2000
34.6
Monetary measures
No data available
Labour
2005
2010
Railway density (*), Road density (*), 2010 (*) Km of railway/road per 1 000 km land area Paved roads(% of roads), 2010 Passenger cars(per 1 000 population), Road traffic deaths (per 100 000 population), 2007
49.7 2.4 16.9
Energy

No data available
No data available
1990 2009 Industry
1990 2009 Transport
Biodiversity
10.2 8.0
The present country profile for Solomon Islands is part of a series of country profiles for each of the 58 ESCAP regional members and published as part of the Statistical Yearbook for Asia and the Pacific 2012. Further information regarding data series used in this country profile, including indicator definitions and data sources, are available from the Statistical Yearbook website at http://www.unescap.org/stat/data/syb2012. For most indicators, times series data from 1990 to the latest year with data available can also be accessed and downloaded from the online database available from the website. ESCAP Statistics Division October 2012

90 80 % of land area 70 60 50 40 30 1990 2000 2010
120 100 Percentage 80 60 40 20

Exports Imports
Natural disasters
Page 48
0 0 0.0
Sri Lanka
Unless otherwise specified, the charts below use the following color legend: world aggregate; AsiaPacific aggregate; Sri Lanka
Health
Education
10.5 12.2 21.6 35.0 99.4 2 800 1 000 0.1
1.8
Net enrolment in primary education (*), 2010 Net enrolment in secondary education (*), Gross enrolment in tertiary education (*), 2010 (*) % of respective school aged population Adult literacy rate (*), 2010 Male (*), 2010 Female (*), 2010 (*) % of population aged 15 yrs and above
94.0 15.5
91.2 92.6 90.0
Demographics trends
Ratio
1.2
0.6
No data available

1990 2010
2.1 8.1 0.11
Pupils per teacher

2.0
40 35 30 25 20

1.5 % per annum
1.0
0.5
15

Pupils per teacher
1990 30
1995
2000
2005
2010
% of GDP 10 25
0.0 1990 2000 2010
20
15 2000 2005 2010 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Female
80+ yrs 7579 7074 6569 6064 5559 5054 4549 4044 3539 3034 2529 2024 1519 1014 59 04
1995
Male

1990 2011
0.0
7.0 8.9 40.3
3.0
1.5
14 12 10
10 12 14
Urban
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Page 48

Economic growth
Connectivity
27.4

1990
2000
2010
2005
2010
Water
Fiscal balance
Per 100 population
10 8 6 4 2 0 2000
22.1
Monetary measures
Labour
2005
2010
Energy
52.7 32.5 73.9 4.9 7.7 3.5 21.3
23.3 1 551.4 81.0 19.0 12.8

% of total final consumption 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0


1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0
1990 2009 Industry
1990 2009 Transport
0 1990 2000 2010
1990
2000
2010
Biodiversity
2.6 1.7
The present country profile for Sri Lanka is part of a series of country profiles for each of the 58 ESCAP regional members and published as part of the Statistical Yearbook for Asia and the Pacific 2012. Further information regarding data series used in this country profile, including indicator definitions and data sources, are available from the Statistical Yearbook website at http://www.unescap.org/stat/data/syb2012. For most indicators, times series data from 1990 to the latest year with data available can also be accessed and downloaded from the online database available from the website.

40
% of land area
35
30 100 25 Percentage 1990 2000 2010 80 60 40 20

Exports Imports
Natural disasters
Page 49
254 295 0.9

Tajikistan
Unless otherwise specified, the charts below use the following color legend: world aggregate; AsiaPacific aggregate; Tajikistan
Health
Education
1.2
Demographics trends
Ratio
0.6

Urban Rural
20
4.0 14.7 0.09
1990
2010
Richest Poorest
3.0 2.5 % per annum 2.0 1.5 1.0
6.1 21.0 52.0
Pupils per teacher
32.0 62.0 6.0
35

30
25
20
15 0.5 0.0 1990 2000 2010 % of GDP 10

Pupils per teacher
1990 30
1995
2000
2005
2010
25 20 15 10 2000 2005 2010 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Female 80+ yrs 7579 7074 6569 6064 5559 5054 4549 4044 3539 3034 2529 2024 1519 1014 59 04 20 15 10 5 0 0 5 10 Male
1995

1990 2011
0
6.6 46.7
Thousand people 3 000 Water 2 500 2 000 1 500 1 000 500 Sanitation
30.8
15
20
Urban
1995
2000
2005
2010
Page 49

Economic growth
Connectivity
18.4

3500 3150 2800 2450 2100 1750 1400 1050 700 350 0 1990

1990
2000
2010
2005
2010
Water
Fiscal balance
Per 100 population
10 8 6 4 2 0 2000
26.0
Monetary measures
Labour
Employmenttopopulation ratio, 2011 Population aged 15 and above Females aged 15 and above Males aged 15 and above Unemployment rate (% of labour force), Females Males Youth unemployment rate % of labour force aged 1524, 58.5 51.2 66.5
2005
2010
4.4 198.4 82.7 29.0 14.4
Energy


1.0 0.8 Tons per capita 0.6 0.4 0.2
No data available
1990 2009 Industry
1990 2009 Transport
0.0 1990 2000 2010
Biodiversity
0.6 0.4
The present country profile for Tajikistan is part of a series of country profiles for each of the 58 ESCAP regional members and published as part of the Statistical Yearbook for Asia and the Pacific 2012. Further information regarding data series used in this country profile, including indicator definitions and data sources, are available from the Statistical Yearbook website at http://www.unescap.org/stat/data/syb2012. For most indicators, times series data from 1990 to the latest year with data available can also be accessed and downloaded

35 30 % of land area 25 20 15 10 5 0 1990 2000 2010
No data available
Natural disasters
Page 50
0 2 0.0
Thailand
Unless otherwise specified, the charts below use the following color legend: world aggregate; AsiaPacific aggregate; Thailand
Health
100
Education
10.6 12.3 7.0 48.0 99.1 520 000 210 000 1.3
1.2
89.7 74.1 47.7
93.5 95.6 91.5
Demographics trends

Urban Rural
20
3.8 22.3 0.21
1990
2010
Richest Poorest
Pupils per teacher

2.0
55.0 24.0 22.0 12.7 3.0 21.0
35 30 25 20 15 10

1.5 % per annum
1.0
0.5
15

Pupils per teacher
1990 30
1995
2000
2005
2010
% of GDP 10 25
0.0 1990 2000 2010
20
15 2000 2005 2010 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Female
80+ yrs 7579 7074 6569 6064 5559 5054 4549 4044 3539 3034 2529 2024 1519 1014 59 04
1995
Male

1990 2011
0.0 2.0
0.4 8.1
40.0
14 12 10
10 12 14
Urban
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Page 50

Economic growth
Connectivity
26.0

250 225 200 175 150 125 100 75 50 25 0 1990

1990
2000
2010
2005
2010
Water
Fiscal balance
Per 100 population
10 8 6 4 2 0 2000
20.4
Monetary measures
Labour
30
2005
2010
Energy
71.2 63.4 79.5 1.2 1.1 1.2 4.3
8.7 352.4 98.5 57.0 18.4



1.0 0.8 Tons per capita 0.6 0.4 0.2
10
1990 2009 Industry
1990 2009 Transport
0 1990 2000 2010
0.0 1990 2000 2010
Biodiversity
9.8 2.2
The present country profile for Thailand is part of a series of country profiles for each of the 58 ESCAP regional members and published as part of the Statistical Yearbook for Asia and the Pacific 2012. Further information regarding data series used in this country profile, including indicator definitions and data sources, are available from the Statistical Yearbook website at http://www.unescap.org/stat/data/syb2012. For most indicators, times series data from 1990 to the latest year with data available can also be accessed and downloaded from the online database available from the website. ESCAP Statistics Division October 2012

40 38 % of land area 36 34 32 30

Exports Imports
1990
2000
2010
Natural disasters
Page 51
923 11 254 12.6

0 1990 2000 2010
TimorLeste
Unless otherwise specified, the charts below use the following color legend: world aggregate; AsiaPacific aggregate; TimorLeste
Health
Mortality rate (death per 1 000 live births) Infant, 2011 Underfive, 2011 Children underfive underweight (%), 2010 Maternal mortality ratio, 2010 (deaths per 100 000 live births) Antenatal care, at least 1 visit, 2010 (% of women with live birth) Population living with HIV, Total adults, Female adults, HIV prevalence rate, (% of population aged 1549) Maternal mortality 19902010
100
Education
45.8 54.1 45.3 300.0 84.4
1.2
85.3 36.5 16.7
58.3 63.6 53.0
Demographics trends
Ratio
0.6

Urban Rural
20
14.0 11.7
1990
2010
Richest Poorest
Pupils per teacher

6
18.0 76.0 6.0 4.7 1.0 59.0
60 50 40 30 20

4 % per annum
20 15

Pupils per teacher
1990 40
1995
2000
2005
2010
35 30 25 20 15 2000 2005 2010 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 % of GDP
2 1990 2000 2010
10 5 0

Female 80+ yrs 7579 7074 6569 6064 5559 5054 4549 4044 3539 3034 2529 2024 1519 1014 59 04 20 15 10 5 0 0 5 10 Male
1995

1990 2011
0
37.4 49.9
31.9
375
188
15
20
Urban
1995
2000
2005
2010
Page 51

Economic growth
GDP at current prices (million US $), 2010 Growth rate (annual average, %), 200510 Per capita (2005 PPP $), 2010 Gross domestic investment rate (% of GDP), 2010 793.9 6.4 832
Connectivity
21.9

600 540 480 420 360 300 240 180 120 60 0 1990

No data available
2005
2010
Water
Fiscal balance
Per 100 population
10 8 6 4 2 0 2000
120.7
Monetary measures
Inflation rate(% per annum), 2011 Exchange rateagainst US dollar, (% change per annum) 13.5
Labour
2005
2010
17.5
Energy

No data available
No data available
1990 2009 Industry
1990 2009 Transport
Biodiversity
Exports of merchandise(% of GDP), 2011 Imports of merchandise(% of GDP), 2011 Exports of services(% of GDP), 2010 Imports of services(% of GDP), 2010 FDI inflows(% of GDP), 2011 FDI outflows(% of GDP), ODA received(% of GDP), 2010 Workers remittances received(% of GDP), 2010 Net external debt (% of GDP), 2.3 34.2 6.0 62.5 2.3 36.8 0.9
2.6 9.1
The present country profile for TimorLeste is part of a series of country profiles for each of the 58 ESCAP regional members and published as part of the Statistical Yearbook for Asia and the Pacific 2012. Further information regarding data series used in this country profile, including indicator definitions and data sources, are available from the Statistical Yearbook website at http://www.unescap.org/stat/data/syb2012. For most indicators, times series data from 1990 to the latest year with data available can also be accessed and downloaded from the online database available from the website. ESCAP Statistics Division October 2012

70 60 50 40
% of land area
120 30 1990 2000 2010 100 Percentage 80 60 40 20

Exports Imports
Natural disasters
Page 52
0 0 0.0
Tonga
Unless otherwise specified, the charts below use the following color legend: world aggregate; AsiaPacific aggregate; Tonga
Health
Mortality rate (death per 1 000 live births) Infant, 2011 Underfive, 2011 Children underfive underweight (%), Maternal mortality ratio, 2010 (deaths per 100 000 live births) Antenatal care, at least 1 visit, 2008 (% of women with live birth) Population living with HIV, Total adults, Female adults, HIV prevalence rate, (% of population aged 1549) Maternal mortality 19902010 104.5 0.6 23.5 139.5 0.8 16.0 3.9 22.3 71.8 69.5 75.2
Education
13.2 15.4 110.0 99.0
1.2 Ratio
98.7 73.0 6.5
99.0 99.0 99.1
1.8
Demographics trends
0.6
No data available

1990 2010
3.9 13.5
2.0
Pupils per teacher
35

30
1.5 % per annum
25
1.0
20
0.5
15

Pupils per teacher
1990 30
1995
2000
2005
2010
25 20 15 10 5 2000 2005 2010 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 % of GDP 10
0.0 1990 2000 2010

Female
80+ yrs 7579 7074 6569 6064 5559 5054 4549 4044 3539 3034 2529 2024 1519 1014 59 04
1995
Male

1990 2011
0.0

3.0 2.0 1.0
20
15
10
10
15
20
Urban
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Page 52

Economic growth
Connectivity
29.4

300 270 240 210 180 150 120 90 60 30 0 1990

No data available
2005
2010
Water
Fiscal balance
Per 100 population
10 8 6 4 2 0 2000
29.8
Monetary measures
No data available
Labour
2005
2010
944.4 27.0 6.8
Energy

No data available
No data available
1990 2009 Industry
1990 2009 Transport
Biodiversity
5.3 6.0
The present country profile for Tonga is part of a series of country profiles for each of the 58 ESCAP regional members and published as part of the Statistical Yearbook for Asia and the Pacific 2012. Further information regarding data series used in this country profile, including indicator definitions and data sources, are available from the Statistical Yearbook website at http://www.unescap.org/stat/data/syb2012. For most indicators, times series data from 1990 to the latest year with data available can also be accessed and downloaded from the online database available from the website. ESCAP Statistics Division October 2012

35 30 % of land area 25 20 15 10 1990 2000 2010
140 120 Percentage 100 80 60 40 20 0

Exports Imports
Natural disasters
Page 53
0 0 0.8
1990
2000
2010
Turkey
Unless otherwise specified, the charts below use the following color legend: world aggregate; AsiaPacific aggregate; Turkey
Health
Education
1.2
Demographics trends
Ratio
0.6

Urban Rural
20
2.9 0.84
1990
2010
Richest Poorest
Pupils per teacher

2.0
68.0 21.0 11.0 12.8 15.4 25.0
40 35 30 25 20

1.5 % per annum
1.0
0.5
15

Pupils per teacher
1990 30
1995
2000
2005
2010
% of GDP 10 25
0.0 1990 2000 2010
20
15 2000 2005 2010 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Female
80+ yrs 7579 7074 6569 6064 5559 5054 4549 4044 3539 3034 2529 2024 1519 1014 59 04
1995
Male

1990 2011
0.0 2.2
0.0 18.1
39.0
14 12 10
10 12 14
Urban
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Page 53

Economic growth
Connectivity
19.9

550 495 385 330 275 220 165 110 55 440

Agriculture Industry Services Per 100 population 50 40 30 20 10 0 2000 1995 2000 2005 2010
1990
2000
2010
0 1990
2005
2010
Water
Fiscal balance
Per 100 population
15
10
Monetary measures

Agriculture 73.8 %
Labour
0 2000 2005 2010
Energy
20
45.1 25.3 65.3 9.8 11.3 9.2 18.4
12.5 471.2 34.0 95.0 14.4

% of total final consumption 40 30 Million people 20 10 0


1.0 0.8 Tons per capita 0.6 0.4 0.2
10
1990 2009 Industry
1990 2009 Transport
0 1990 2000 2010
0.0 1990 2000 2010
Biodiversity
3.6 0.7
The present country profile for Turkey is part of a series of country profiles for each of the 58 ESCAP regional members and published as part of the Statistical Yearbook for Asia and the Pacific 2012. Further information regarding data series used in this country profile, including indicator definitions and data sources, are available from the Statistical Yearbook website at http://www.unescap.org/stat/data/syb2012. For most indicators, times series data from 1990 to the latest year with data available can also be accessed and downloaded from the online database available from the website. ESCAP Statistics Division October 2012

35 30 % of land area 25 20 15 10
60 50 Percentage 2000 2010 40 30 20 10

Exports Imports
1990
Natural disasters
Page 54
655 7 0.2
0 1990 2000 2010
Turkmenistan
Unless otherwise specified, the charts below use the following color legend: world aggregate; AsiaPacific aggregate; Turkmenistan
Health
Education
44.6 52.5 10.5 67.0 99.1 Net enrolment in primary education (*), Net enrolment in secondary education (*), Gross enrolment in tertiary education (*), 1991 (*) % of respective school aged population Adult literacy rate (*), 2010 Male (*), 2010 Female (*), 2010 (*) % of population aged 15 yrs and above 99.6 99.7 99.5 21.7
Demographics trends
No data available
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary

Urban Rural
20
1990
2010
Richest Poorest

3.0 2.5 % per annum 2.0 1.5 1.0
52.0 35.0 13.0 9.9 23.9 40.0

15 0.5 % of GDP 0.0 1990 2000 2010 10


Female 80+ yrs 7579 7074 6569 6064 5559 5054 4549 4044 3539 3034 2529 2024 1519 1014 59 04 20 15 10 5 0 0 5 10 Male
1995
2000
2005
2010

1990 2011
0
24.8 40.8
1 200 Water 960 Thousand people 720 480 240 Sanitation
15
20
Urban
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Page 54

Economic growth
Connectivity
14.4
15 Tons per capita

10
0 1990 2000 2010
2005
2010
Water
Fiscal balance
Per 100 population
10 8 6 4 2 0 2000
15.9
Monetary measures
Agriculture 96.5 %
Labour
2005
2010
6.6 51.1 81.2 80.0 19.1
Energy


2.5 2.0 Tons per capita 1.5 1.0 0.5
No data available
1990 2009 Industry
1990 2009 Transport
0.0 1990 2000 2010
Biodiversity
1.7 4.7
The present country profile for Turkmenistan is part of a series of country profiles for each of the 58 ESCAP regional members and published as part of the Statistical Yearbook for Asia and the Pacific 2012. Further information regarding data series used in this country profile, including indicator definitions and data sources, are available from the Statistical Yearbook website at http://www.unescap.org/stat/data/syb2012. For most indicators, times series data from 1990 to the latest year with data available can also be accessed and downloaded from the online database available from the website.

35 30 % of land area 25 20 15 10 5
100 80 Percentage 2000 2010 60 40 20

Exports Imports
1990
Natural disasters
Page 55
0 0 0.0
Tuvalu
Unless otherwise specified, the charts below use the following color legend: world aggregate; AsiaPacific aggregate; Tuvalu
Health
Mortality rate (death per 1 000 live births) Infant, 2011 Underfive, 2011 Children underfive underweight (%), 2007 Maternal mortality ratio, (deaths per 100 000 live births) Antenatal care, at least 1 visit, 2007 (% of women with live birth) Population living with HIV, Total adults, Female adults, HIV prevalence rate, (% of population aged 1549) 25.1 30.1 1.6 97.4
Education
Demographics trends
Maternal mortality
No data available
No data available
No data available
7.6


2.0
1.5 % per annum
1.0
0.5
25 20 % of GDP
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
15 10 5 0 1995 2000 2005 2010
0.0 1990 2000 2010
No data available

0.0

1.0
0.5
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Page 55

Economic growth
Connectivity
77.4

30

Agriculture Industry Services Per 100 population 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0
20
No data available
10
0 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
2000
2005
2010
Water
Fiscal balance
Per 100 population
10 8 6 4 2 0 2000
121.6
Monetary measures
No data available
Labour
2005
2010
10.2
Energy

No data available
No data available
1990 2009 Industry
1990 2009 Transport
Biodiversity
Exports of merchandise(% of GDP), 2011 Imports of merchandise(% of GDP), 2011 Exports of services(% of GDP), 2008 Imports of services(% of GDP), 2008 FDI inflows(% of GDP), 2011 FDI outflows(% of GDP), ODA received(% of GDP), 2010 Workers remittances received(% of GDP), Net external debt (% of GDP), 0.9 79.0 7.6 62.3 5.7 42.6
The present country profile for Tuvalu is part of a series of country profiles for each of the 58 ESCAP regional members and published as part of the Statistical Yearbook for Asia and the Pacific 2012. Further information regarding data series used in this country profile, including indicator definitions and data sources, are available from the Statistical Yearbook website at http://www.unescap.org/stat/data/syb2012. For most indicators, times series data from 1990 to the latest year with data available can also be accessed and downloaded from the online database available from the website. ESCAP Statistics Division October 2012

35 34 % of land area 33 32 31 30 1990 2000 2010
140 120 Percentage 100 80 60 40 20 0

Exports Imports
Natural disasters
Page 56
0 0 0.0
1990
2000
2010
Uzbekistan
Unless otherwise specified, the charts below use the following color legend: world aggregate; AsiaPacific aggregate; Uzbekistan
Health
Education
1.2
Demographics trends
Ratio
0.6

Urban Rural
20
1990
2010
Richest Poorest
Pupils per teacher

3.0 2.5 % per annum 2.0 1.5 1.0
55.0 34.0 10.0 8.5 25.6 46.0
35 30 25 20 15 10

15 0.5 0.0 1990 2000 2010 % of GDP 10

Pupils per teacher
1990 30
1995
2000
2005
2010
25 20 15 10 5 2000 2005 2010 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Female 80+ yrs 7579 7074 6569 6064 5559 5054 4549 4044 3539 3034 2529 2024 1519 1014 59 04 20 15 10 5 0 0 5 10 Male
1995

1990 2011
0

36.7
2 000
1 000
15
20
Urban
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Page 56

Economic growth
Connectivity
23.9

1990
2000
2010
2005
2010
Water
Fiscal balance
Per 100 population
10 8 6 4 2 0 2000
34.6
Monetary measures
Labour
2005
2010
Energy
54.4 42.6 66.4
Railway density (*), 2010 Road density (*), 2010 (*) Km of railway/road per 1 000 km land area Paved roads(% of roads), 2010 Passenger cars(per 1 000 population), Road traffic deaths (per 100 000 population), 2007
9.9 191.8 87.3 10.0



1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0
1990 2009 Industry
1990 2009 Transport
0 1990 2000 2010
1990
2000
2010
Biodiversity
0.3
The present country profile for Uzbekistan is part of a series of country profiles for each of the 58 ESCAP regional members and published as part of the Statistical Yearbook for Asia and the Pacific 2012. Further information regarding data series used in this country profile, including indicator definitions and data sources, are available from the Statistical Yearbook website at http://www.unescap.org/stat/data/syb2012. For most indicators, times series data from 1990 to the latest

35 30 % of land area 25 20 15 10 5 1990 2000 2010
No data available
Natural disasters
Page 57
13 0 0.0
Vanuatu
Unless otherwise specified, the charts below use the following color legend: world aggregate; AsiaPacific aggregate; Vanuatu
Health
Education
11.4 13.2 11.7 110.0 84.3 Net enrolment in primary education (*), 2005 Net enrolment in secondary education (*), 2010 Gross enrolment in tertiary education (*), 2004 (*) % of respective school aged population Adult literacy rate (*), 2010 Male (*), 2010 Female (*), 2010 (*) % of population aged 15 yrs and above 82.6 84.3 80.8 98.7 47.4 4.7
1.2
Demographics trends
Ratio
0.6

Urban Rural
20
5.2 23.7
1990
2010
Richest Poorest
Pupils per teacher

3.5 3.0 2.5 % per annum 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 1990 2000 2010
56.0 35.0 10.0 18.2 1.2 17.0
40 35 30 25 20

15

Pupils per teacher
1990 30
1995
2000
2005
2010
% of GDP 10 25 20 15 10 2000 2005 2010 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Female 80+ yrs 7579 7074 6569 6064 5559 5054 4549 4044 3539 3034 2529 2024 1519 1014 59 04 20 15 10 5 0 0 5 10 Male
1995

1990 2011
0

100
50
15
20
Urban
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Page 57

Economic growth
Connectivity
28.8

600 540 480 420 360 300 240 180 120 60 0 1990

No data available
2005
2010
Water
Fiscal balance
Per 100 population
10 8 6 4 2 0 2000
25.7
Monetary measures
No data available
Labour
2005
2010
87.8 23.9 18.9
Energy

No data available
No data available
1990 2009 Industry
1990 2009 Transport
Biodiversity
34.0 5.3
The present country profile for Vanuatu is part of a series of country profiles for each of the 58 ESCAP regional members and published as part of the Statistical Yearbook for Asia and the Pacific 2012. Further information regarding data series used in this country profile, including indicator definitions and data sources, are available from the Statistical Yearbook website at http://www.unescap.org/stat/data/syb2012. For most indicators, times series data from 1990 to the latest year with data available can also be accessed and downloaded from the online database available from the website. ESCAP Statistics Division October 2012

40 38 % of land area 36 34 32 30 1990 2000 2010
250 200 Percentage 150 100 50

Exports Imports
Natural disasters
Page 58
0 0 0.0
Viet Nam
Unless otherwise specified, the charts below use the following color legend: world aggregate; AsiaPacific aggregate; Viet Nam
Health
Education
1.2
Demographics trends
Ratio
0.6
0.0 Primary Secondary 1998 2010 Tertiary

Urban Rural
20
5.3 19.8 0.19
1990
2010
Richest Poorest
3.0 2.5 % per annum 2.0 1.5 1.0
7.8 12.2 31.0
Pupils per teacher
56.0 29.0 15.0
45 40 35 30 25 20 15

15 0.5 0.0 1990 2000 2010 % of GDP 10

Pupils per teacher
1990 35
1995
2000
2005
2010
30 25 20 15 2000 2005 2010 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Female
80+ yrs 7579 7074 6569 6064 5559 5054 4549 4044 3539 3034 2529 2024 1519 1014 59 04
1995
Male

1990 2011
0.0 10.0
16.9 14.5
35.6
20
15
10
10
15
20
Urban
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Page 58

Economic growth
Connectivity
38.9

1990
2000
2010
2005
2010
Water
Fiscal balance
Per 100 population
10 8 6 4 2 0 2000
30.7
Monetary measures
Labour
40
2005
2010
Energy
75.3 71.3 79.5 2.4 2.4 1.9 4.6
7.6 516.3 47.6 13.0 16.6

90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 % of total final consumption


1.0 0.8 Tons per capita 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0
30 Million people
20
10
1990 2009 Industry
1990 2009 Transport
0 1990 2000 2010
1990
2000
2010
Biodiversity
5.1 1.6
The present country profile for Viet Nam is part of a series of country profiles for each of the 58 ESCAP regional members and published as part of the Statistical Yearbook for Asia and the Pacific 2012. Further information regarding data series used in this country profile, including indicator definitions and data sources, are available from the Statistical Yearbook website at http://www.unescap.org/stat/data/syb2012. For most indicators, times series data from 1990 to the latest year with data available can also be accessed and downloaded from the online database available from the website.

50 45 % of land area 40 35 30 25
100 80 Percentage 2000 2010 60 40 20

Exports Imports
1990
Natural disasters
Page 59
138 1 362 0.2

Table 1 - Asia-Pacific and other regions of the World

Asia-Pacific 1990 2011
4 218 1.0 43.1 78.5 1.3 -0.6 2.1 45.2
Africa 1990
635 2.7 32.1 21.0
(10) (05-10)
2011
1 046 2.3 40.4 34.5
(90-95)
Latin America and Caribbean 1990 2011

443 1.9 70.3 21.6
(05-10)
Europe 1990
573 0.3 68.9 96.7
(05-10)
North America 2011

598 0.2 73.0 101.1
1990
281 1.0 75.4 14.1
(05-10)
2011
348 0.9 82.4 17.4
(90-95)
Demographic trends
Population total, millions Population growth, % change per annum Urban population, % of total Density, population per km2 Foreign population, % of total Net migration rate, migrants per 1 000 population Fertlity rate, live births per woman Adolescent fertility rate, live birth per 1 000 woman aged 15-19 3 276 1.8 33.0 60.9 1.6 -0.3 3.1 59.0 597 1.1 79.9 29.0
(90-95)
(90-95)
(95-00)
(05-10)
-0.4 5.9 116.1
(95-00)
-0.6 4.4 101.3
(05-10)
-1.6 3.2 85.6
(95-00)
-1.8 2.2 73.4
(05-10)
1.3 1.7 20.7
(90-95)
(95-00)
2.7 1.6 16.2
(05-10)
3.5 1.9 47.6
(95-00)
3.6 2.0 38.6
(05-10)
(05-10)
Health
Infant mortality rate, deaths per 100 000 live births Under-five mortality rate, deaths per 100 000 live births Children under 5 underweight, % of children under 5 Maternal mortality, deaths per 100 000 live births Antenatal care coverage, at least one visit, % of women with a live birth Population living with HIV: total adults, millions Population living with HIV: female adults, millions HIV prevalence rate, 15-49 years old, % of 15-49 years old Total health expenditure, % of GDP 60.7 82.8 33.1 379.2 60.4 33.0 41.7 22.9 146.2 81.4 5.89 2.24 0.2 6.4
(10) (10) (10) (09) (09) (09) (10)
(91)
99.9 163.1 27.3 768.9 55.5
0.1 5.7
(95)
1.9 5.1
(95)
64.6 100.2 21.0 463.8 75.3 19.5 11.8 4.3 5.8
(10) (10) (10) (09) (09) (09) (10)
42.2 53.3 10.4 139.3 74.1
16.1 19.3 3.4 80.3 96.6
12.1 14.3
(10) (10) (10)
4.6 5.4 10.6 1.18 0.42 0.3 10.4

(10)
24.8
8.8 10.7 0.9 11.5
(91)
5.9 7.8 1.3 20.3 1.27 0.33 0.6 17.3
(02) (10)
(09) (09) (09) (10)
(09) (09) (09) (10)
0.3 6.5
(95)
0.5 7.7
(09) (10)
0.2 8.7
(95)
0.5 13.3
(95)
Education
Net enrolment in primary education, % of primary school aged pop. Net enrolment in secondary education, % of secondary school aged pop. Gross enrolment in tertiary education, % of tertiary school aged pop. Adult literacy rate, % of population aged 15+ Gender disparity in adult literacy rate, female to male ratio Gender disparity in primary educ., ratio of female to male enrolment rates Gender disparity in secondary educ., ratio of female to male enrolment rates Gender disparity in tertiary educ., ratio of female to male enrolment rates Pupils to teacher ratio, in primary education Pupils to teacher ratio, in secondary education 85.3 50.2 (98) 8.4 80.4 (95-04) 0.86 (95-04) 0.89 0.87 (98) 0.72 27.7 17.1 91.8 (10) 64.1 (10) 25.3 (10) 83.0 (05-10) 0.88 (05-10) 0.99 (10) 0.96 (10) 0.98 (10) 24.3 (10) 18.4 (10) 56.9 24.2 (94) 4.7 77.5 (10) 35.1 (09) 10.6 (10) 87.4 49.7 17.0 93.9 (10) 73.5 (10) 40.6 (10) 92.4 81.6 30.9 98.8 (95-04) 0.99 (95-04) 1.00 1.02 1.02 16.6 12.8 96.7 (10) 90.9 (10) 62.4 (10) 99.1 (05-10) 0.99 (05-10) 1.00 (10) 1.01 (10) 1.27 (10) 13.4 (10) 11.3 (10) 97.3 84.3 73.3 94.9 (10) 89.6 (10) 91.5 (10)
0.82 0.81 0.51 33.7 21.6
(94)
0.95 0.84 0.80 39.1 21.8
(10) (09) (10) (10) (10)
0.97 1.06 0.97 27.1 17.2
(98)
0.99 1.07 1.28 21.9 16.5
(10) (10) (10) (10) (10)
1.01 1.01 1.23 15.3 16.1
1.01 1.01 1.40 13.8 12.6
(10) (10) (10) (10) (10)
Poverty and inequalities

Population living in poverty, below $1.25 2005 PPP a day, % of pop. Population living in poverty, below national poverty line, % of pop. Population lacking access to improved water sources, % of pop. rural, % of rural population urban, % of urban population Population lacking access to improved sanitation, % of total population 51.6 33.9 27.2 29.5 5.9 63.9 18.9 15.5 9.1 13.5 3.0 41.7
(10) (10) (10) (10) (10)
51.1 44.7 44.3 47.5 14.7 65.4
39.8 39.2 34.1 46.5 15.1 59.8
(10) (10) (10) (10)
12.8 52.3 14.3 16.4 5.4 32.1
5.1 34.3 5.7 18.7 2.4 19.8
(10) (10) (10) (10) (10) (10)
0.0 0.0 1.9 4.2 0.3 3.8
0.0 0.0 0.7 2.0 0.2 3.1
(10) (10) (10) (10)
0.0 0.0 0.9 0.9 0.0 0.0 119
0.0 0.0 0.9 5.5 0.0 0.0
(10) (10) (10) (10)
Asia-Pacific 1990
rural, % of rural population urban, % of urban population People lacking access to improved water sources, millions People lacking access to improved sanitation, millions 78.3 34.7 890 2 095
Africa 1990
(10) (10) (10) (10)
2011
54.3 24.8 380 1 743
2011
69.1 46.1 349 612
(10) (10) (10) (10)

61.4 19.8 63 142 39.5 14.4 33 117
(10) (10) (10) (10)
Europe 1990
8.8 1.5 11 21
North America 2011

7.6 1.4 4 18
(10) (10) (10) (10)
1990
1.0 0.0 3 0
2011
1.0 0.0 3 0
(10) (10) (10) (10)
75.6 43.7 281 415

Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, total, million tons of CO 2 Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, grams per 1 dollar GDP (2005 PPP) Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, per capita Consumption of ozone-depleting substances, grams per capita 8 009 724.3 2.5 123.6 14 517 574.9 3.6 7.9
(09) (09) (09) (09)
545 418.7 1.0 46.3
928 369.0 1.1 3.2
(09) (09) (09) (09)
874 274.0 2.0 188.9
1 439 257.0 2.5 9.3
(09) (09) (09) (09)
5 088 470.1 8.9
4 078 277.4 6.9
(09) (09) (09)
5 301 608.5 18.9 863.9
5 716 412.2 16.7 13.4
(09) (09) (09) (09)
Water
Renewable water available, total, m3 per capita per annum Domestic water withdrawal, m3 per capita per annum Water withdrawal, agriculture, % of total renewable water Water withdrawal, domestic use, % of total renewable water Water withdrawal, industry, % of total renewable water 6 072 33.4 87.9 6.0 6.1
(92) (92)
4 913 47.2
(10) (02)
9 172 29.0
(92) (02)
5 625 26.3 84.2 10.9 4.9
(10) (07) (00) (00) (00)
40 504 94.8 66.3
(92) (02) (00)
31 494 107.2 76.7 21.4 12.4
(10) (07) (07) (00) (00)
5 457 103.4
(92) (02)
5 419 100.4
(10) (07)
20 830 234.9 42.1 13.1 44.8
(92) (92)
17 337 216.5 40.2 13.7 46.1
(10) (07) (05) (05) (05)
Energy
Total primary energy supply (kg of oil equivalent), per capita (2005 PPP) Final energy consumption by sector: industry, % of total Final energy consumption by sector: residential use, % of total Final energy consumption by sector: transport, % of total 1 038 305.5 32.5 28.9 14.9 1 367 221.6 35.6 26.4 16.6
(09) (09) (09) (09) (09)
676 283.1 24.0 54.8 13.9
743 245.3 19.5 55.1 17.4
(09) (09) (09) (09) (09)
1 064 146.7 33.5 21.1 29.8
1 281 133.7 32.3 16.9 34.3
(09) (09) (09) (09) (09)
3 551 187.9 32.6 23.7 21.3
3 581 122.6 22.9 26.1 27.0
(10) (10) (09) (09) (09)
7 556 243.8 22.8 16.4 36.5
7 231 174.3 18.8 17.7 38.2
(10) (10) (09) (09) (09)
Biodiversity
Marine areas protected, % of territorial water Terrestrial areas protected, % of surface area Forest area, % of land area 1.8 7.1 30.4 5.9 10.3 30.6
(10) (10) (10)
2.6 9.5 25.3
6.9 10.2 22.8
(10) (10) (10)
2.4 9.7 51.7
31.6 20.3 47.2
(10) (10) (10)
2.9 9.0 33.0
7.5 14.0 34.4
(10) (10) (10)
7.6 9.0 32.6
10.1 10.5 32.9
(10) (10) (10)
Natural disasters
Deaths, number per annum People affected by natural disasters, millions per annum Economic damages from natural disasters, % of GDP 49 826 63.8 0.3 27 669 173.1 1.4 1 681 9.7 0.1 3 667 23.3 0.1 1 112 2.8 0.0 1 871 11.9 0.1 314 6.0 0.3 84 0.0 0.0 222 0.0 0.0 817 0.4 0.4
Economic growth
GDP at current prices, billion US $ Average annual GDP growth rate, % change per annum GDP per capita, 2005 PPP dollars per capita Gross domestic investment rate, % of GDP Value added by sector: Agriculture, billion 2005 US dollars Value added by sector: Industry, billion 2005 US dollars Value added by sector: Services, billion 2005 US dollars 6 687 6.0 3 380 31.1 665 2 870 4 627 20 765 6.6 6 279 31.5 930 5 332 8 625
(10) (10) (10) (10) (10) (10) (10)
507 2.8 2 055 20.1 90 245 256
1 710 4.0 2 670 22.1 186 440 572
(10) (10) (10) (10) (10) (10) (10)
1 155 0.8 7 200 20.2 92 581 989
5 107 5.9 10 054 21.3 158 986 1 893
(10) (10) (10) (10) (10) (10) (10)
7 991 2.5 18 977 23.0 260 3 048 6749
17 541 2.0 25 166 19.0 269 3 433 10 054
(10) (10) (10) (10) (10) (10) (10)
6 341 1.7 30 997 18.0 89 2 218 6 635
16 032 3.0 41 482 15.9 150 3 048 11 076 120
(10) (10) (10) (10) (10) (10) (10)

16.7 21.1
(09) (09)
Africa 1990 2011
Europe 1990 2011
North America 1990 2011
Fiscal balance
Government revenue, % of GDP Government expenditure, % of GDP 16.3 17.1
Monetary measures
Inflation rate (% per annum) 7.3 3.8
(10)
17.2
7.4
(10)
1 588
6.6
(10)
11.2
2.0
(10)
5.3
1.7
(10)
Labour
Employment-to-population ratio: population aged 15 and above Male aged 15 and above Female aged 15 and above Unemployment rate, female, % of female labour force Unemployment rate, male, % of male labour force Unemployment rate, total, % of labour force Youth unemployment rate, total, % of labour force aged 15-24 66.0 79.0 52.6 4.9 5.1 5.0 9.7
(91) (91) (91) (91) (91) (91) (91)
62.2 76.0 48.1 4.5 4.5 4.5 10.5
58.5 71.9 45.6 10.3 8.3 9.1 15.8
(91) (91) (91) (91) (91) (91) (91)
59.9 70.1 49.9 9.4 7.5 8.3 14.0
56.4 76.6 36.9 11.4 6.9 8.5 15.6
(91) (91) (91) (91) (91) (91) (91)
61.4 74.9 48.5 9.1 5.9 7.2 14.7
53.1 64.1 43.0 10.1 7.7 8.7 17.1
(91) (91) (91) (91) (91) (91) (91)
52.0 58.7 45.7 9.7 9.7 9.7 20.1
60.5 69.0 52.5 6.9 7.6 7.3 14.0
(91) (91) (91) (91) (91) (91) (91)
57.9 63.2 52.8 8.1 9.5 8.8 17.1
Exports of merchandise, % of GDP Imports of merchandise, % of GDP Exports of services, % of GDP Imports of services, % of GDP FDI inflows, % of GDP FDI outflows, % of GDP ODA received, % of GDP Workers remittances received, % of GDP Net external debt, % of GDP Intraregional exports shares (ESCAP), percentage Intraregional imports shares (ESCAP), percentage 11.3 11.2 2.0 2.6 0.5 0.9 0.3 70.5 76.2
(96)
31.4 30.3 5.4 5.5 2.4 2.2 0.8 54.7 55.2

(10)
20.9 19.6 3.7 5.2 0.6 0.1 6.6 4.3 77.5
(05)
35.3 32.8 4.9 7.4 2.5 0.2 2.5 3.9 18.2
(10) (10)
(10) (09) (10)
12.7 11.2 2.6 3.1 0.8 0.0 0.4 0.6 40.9
21.4 21.2 2.5 3.5 4.2 1.9 0.2 1.1 21.2
20.9 21.6 5.3 5.0 1.3 1.7

(10) (10) (10)
37.0 37.3 11.0 9.0 2.5 3.7
8.2 10.1 2.4 2.0 0.9 0.6
11.9 16.7 4.0 3.0 1.6 2.7
Connectivity
Fixed telephone mainlines, per 100 population Mobile cellular subscriptions, per 100 population Internet users, per 100 population Fixed broadband internet subscribers, per 100 population Railway density, km of railway per 1000 km2 land area Road density, km of road per 1000 km 2 land area Passenger cars, per 1 000 population Road traffic deaths, per 100 000 population Transport sector CO2 emissions, tons per capita Inbound tourism expenditure, % of GDP Outbound tourism expenditure, % of GDP 6.1 6.5 3.3 0.2 6.1 252 40.8 17.4 0.3 0.8 1.1
(95) (00) (00) (00)
(05) (03) (07)
(95) (95)
14.5 80.9 26.9 6.7 6.5 266 56.0 17.4 0.4 1.7 1.5
(10) (08) (09) (07) (09)
1.7 1.9 0.5 0.0 3.5 74 27.4 33.5 0.2 2.7 1.8
(95) (00) (00) (01) (91) (93) (07) (07)
(95) (95)
2.9 61.4 16.0 0.6 3.5 77 27.4 33.5 0.3 3.1 2.0
(00) (98) (07) (07) (09) (10) (10)
9.1 12.3 3.9 0.0 4.4 143 103.2 17.3 0.7 1.4 1.1
(95) (00) (00) (00)
(03) (07)
(95) (95)
18.5 106.7 39.4 7.5 5.5 158 135.8 17.3 0.9 1.4 1.2
(10) (04) (09) (07) (09)
39.2 47.5 18.7 0.4 49.9 1 017 400.0 10.1 1.5 2.4 2.3
(95) (00) (00) (00)
(03) (07)
(95) (95)
42.3 124.8 68.0 25.1 49.9 1 133 430.2 10.1 1.7 2.8 2.5
(10) (09) (09) (07) (09)
59.9 37.7 43.9 2.7 12.4 387 476.2 13.6 5.5 1.3 0.9
(95) (00) (00) (00)
(03) (07)
(95) (95)
47.9 102.9 78.4 29.1 15.7 436 437.1 13.6 5.2 1.3 1.0
(10) (09) (09) (07) (09)
121
Table 2 - Asia-Pacific: Country income level groups

4 218 1.0 43.1 78.5 1.3 -0.6 2.1 45.2
Low income 1990

221 2.4 23.4 87.2 1.2 2.1 4.4 102.6
2011
320 1.3 30.2 126.5 1.0 -3.0 2.6 66.4
Lower middle income 1990 2011

2 556 1.8 27.2 131.4 0.7 -0.5 3.1 59.4 3 330 1.0 39.4 171.4 0.4 -0.6 2.1 46.0
Upper middle income 1990 2011

304 1.3 64.5 14.1 7.3 -0.5 2.8 41.0 352 0.7 70.5 15.1 6.2 0.6 1.8 30.5
High income 1990

196 0.7 69.5 23.0 4.7 0.7 1.6 6.2
2011
216 0.4 75.4 25.3 6.4 2.2 1.4 6.5
Demographic trends
Population total, millions Population growth, % change per annum Urban population, % of total Density, population per km2 Foreign population, % of total Net migration rate, migrants per 1 000 population Fertlity rate, live births per woman Adolescent fertility rate, live birth per 1 000 woman aged 15-19 3 276 1.8 33.0 60.9 1.6 -0.3 3.1 59.0
(10) (05-10)
(10) (05-10)
(10) (05-10)
(10) (05-10)
(10) (05-10)
(90-95)
(90-95)
(90-95)
(90-95)
(90-95)
(95-00)
(05-10)
(95-00)
(05-10)
(95-00)
(05-10)
(95-00)
(05-10)
(95-00)
(05-10)
Health
(10) (10) (10) (09) (09) (09) (10)
(91)
91.4 131.1 53.5 755.3 31.3
(91)
0.1 5.7
(95)
0.2 3.9
(95)
45.2 58.2 29.9 260.1 63.4 0.4 0.1 0.3 4.0
(09) (10) (10) (09) (09) (09) (10)
60.9 83.0 32.1 377.4 63.4
(91)
0.1 3.5
(95)
34.1 43.2 23.5 147.9 82.7 4 2 0.2 4.6
(10) (10) (10) (09) (09) (09) (10)
41.3 50.7 12.8 84.3
(94)
15.2 18.1 4.2 29.1 1.17 0.53 0.5 5.4
(08) (10)
5.8 7.1 0.0 13.6
2.9 3.9 0.0 8.3 0.04 0.01 0.1 8.9
(10)
(09) (09) (09) (10)
(09) (09) (09) (10)
0.1 4.1
(95)
0.1 6.6
(95)
Education
Net enrolment in primary education, % of primary school aged pop. Net enrolment in secondary education, % of secondary school aged pop. Gross enrolment in tertiary education, % of tertiary school aged pop. Adult literacy rate, % of population aged 15+ Gender disparity in adult literacy rate, female to male ratio Gender disparity in primary educ., ratio of female to male enrolment rates Gender disparity in secondary educ., ratio of female to male enrolment rates Gender disparity in tertiary educ., ratio of female to male enrolment rates Pupils to teacher ratio, in primary education Pupils to teacher ratio, in secondary education 85.3 50.2 (98) 8.4 80.4 (95-04) 0.86 (95-04) 0.89 0.87 (98) 0.72 27.7 17.1 91.8 (10) 64.1 (10) 25.3 (10) 83.0 (05-10) 0.88 (05-10) 0.99 (10) 0.96 (10) 0.98 (10) 24.3 (10) 18.4 (10) 73.4 24.4 5.8 62.5 (95-04) 0.82 (95-04) 0.86 0.71 0.52 45.4 19.8 81.9 (10) 48.6 (10) 12.7 (10) 69.1 (05-10) 0.87 (05-10) 0.96 (10) 0.97 (10) 0.78 (10) 36.4 (10) 27.4 (10) 84.8 46.5 (98) 5.3 79.0 (95-04) 0.84 (95-04) 0.88 0.85 (98) 0.63 27.3 18.2 92.4 (10) 63.2 (10) 21.5 (10) 81.9 (05-10) 0.86 (05-10) 0.99 (10) 0.96 (10) 0.95 (10) 24.1 (10) 18.9 (10) 94.4 77.7 (02) 29.7 92.3 (95-04) 0.94 (95-04) 0.96 0.94 (02) 1.06 26.1 12.1 96.2 (10) 79.8 (10) 54.1 (10) 94.5 (05-10) 0.96 (05-10) 0.99 (10) 0.95 (10) 1.16 (10) 19.2 (10) 13.8 (10) 99.3 90.2 31.7 98.8 (10) 94.9 (10) 74.0 (10)
1.00 1.01 0.63 23.5 19.3
1.00 1.00 0.89 18.2 13.9
(10) (10) (10) (10) (10)

Population living in poverty, below $1.25 2005 PPP a day, % of pop. Population living in poverty, below national poverty line, % of pop. Population lacking access to improved water sources, % of pop. rural, % of rural population urban, % of urban population 51.6 33.9 27.2 29.5 5.9 18.9 15.5 9.1 13.5 3.0
(10) (10) (10) (10)
69.0 53.3 32.5 34.8 15.3
(92) (92)
37.1 31.2 21.0 24.8 11.2
(10)
(10) (10) (10)
56.1 29.7 30.5 30.8 6.9
19.8 15.0 9.1 12.9 3.1
(10)
(10) (10) (10)
4.4 25.2 9.8 10.7 3.0
(01)
0.3 9.8 3.1 7.5 1.4
(09) (09) (10) (10) (10)
0.0 0.0 3.2 7.6 0.7 122
0.0 0.0 0.5 1.8 0.0
(10) (10) (10)
Asia-Pacific 1990
Population lacking access to improved sanitation, % of total population rural, % of rural population urban, % of urban population People lacking access to improved water sources, millions People lacking access to improved sanitation, millions 63.9 78.3 34.7 890 2 095
Low income 1990

(10) (10) (10) (10) (10)
2011
41.7 54.3 24.8 380 1 743
2011
42.9 48.0 31.6 66 135
(10) (10) (10) (10) (10)

73.8 84.4 45.7 781 1 885 47.0 58.1 29.5 301 1 548
(10) (10) (10) (10) (10)

22.0 32.5 16.0 30 67 15.4 22.1 12.5 11 54
(10) (10) (10) (10) (10)
High income 1990

0.0 0.1 0.0 6 0
2011
0.0 0.1 0.0 1 0
(10) (10) (10) (10) (10)
61.6 67.8 41.8 72 136

(09) (09) (09) (09)
166 390.9 0.8 5.2
144 214.1 0.5 1.2
(09) (09) (09) (09)
3320 970.8 1.3 32.7
9 490 666.5 2.9 7.3
(09) (09) (09) (09)
2 881 982.0 9.5 482.7
2 750 660.7 8.0 8.8
(09) (09) (09) (09)
1642 372.0 8.4 916.3
2 133 334.8 10.0 25.6
(09) (09) (09) (09)
Water
(92) (92)
4 913 47.2
(10) (02)
15 808
(92)
11 623
(10)
3 734 27.6 88.0 6.0 6.0
(92) (92)
2 988 36.1
(10) (02)
18 201 87.8
(92) (97)
16 142 88.5
(10) (02)
6 938 147.1
(92) (02)
6 419 147.1
(10) (02)
Energy
(09) (09) (09) (09) (09)
389 317.0 37.6 33.8 7.6
308 178.1 26.6 48.2 7.9
(09) (09) (09) (09) (09)
586 437.0 31.3 45.0 8.6
1 073 245.4 40.5 29.2 13.0
(09) (09) (09) (09) (09)
3 765 388.6 33.3 13.9 18.6
3 251 270.2 28.0 25.3 21.9
(09) (09) (09) (09) (09)
3 354 148.0 33.3 13.7 25.7
4 398 142.1 27.3 13.8 24.9
(10) (10) (09) (09) (09)
Biodiversity
(10) (10) (10)
0.3 2.3 36.0
0.2 7.2 29.7
(10) (10) (10)
0.6 10.0 23.3
2.5 13.0 24.9
(10) (10) (10)
2.0 4.7 38.5
8.7 7.9 38.5
(10) (10) (10)
6.8 8.3 23.1
17.9 11.4 22.5
(10) (10) (10)
Natural disasters
Deaths, number per annum People affected by natural disasters, millions per annum Economic damages from natural disasters, % of GDP 49 826 63.8 0.3 27 669 173.1 1.4 1 365 2.1 0.0 961 5.8 0.4 8 002 60.8 0.6 5 753 166.5 0.6 40178 0.6 0.9 676 0.1 0.1 273 0.3 0.2 20279 0.7 2.8
Economic growth
GDP at current prices, billion US $ Average annual GDP growth rate, % change per annum GDP per capita, 2005 PPP dollars per capita Gross domestic investment rate, % of GDP Value added by sector: Agriculture, billion 2005 US dollars 6 687 6.0 3 380 31.1 665 20 765 6.6 6 279 31.5 930
(10) (10) (10) (10) (10)
64 2.4 771 16.7 19
214 6.1 1 520 25.3 36
(10) (10) (10) (10) (10)
1 086 5.4 1 342 31.2 334
9 097 9.4 4 727 42.7 644
(10) (10) (10) (10) (10)
941 -3.9 9 674 29.5 109
(90-95)
3 064 5.5 13 074 23.2 124
(10) (10) (10) (10) (10)
3 829 5.2 22 660 32.1 126
8 389 4.5 30 988 22.6 126 123
(10) (10) (10) (10) (10)
Asia-Pacific 1990
Value added by sector: Industry, billion 2005 US dollars Value added by sector: Services, billion 2005 US dollars 2 870 4 627
Low income 1990

(10) (10)
2011
5 332 8 625
2011
41 69
(10) (10)

424 529 2612 2 729
(10) (10)

411 570 652 1 055
(10) (10)
High income 1990

1 663 3 044
2011
2 028 4 772
(10) (10)
19 27
Fiscal balance
Government revenue, % of GDP Government expenditure, % of GDP 16.3 17.1 16.7 21.1
(09) (09)
8.5 14.6
13.0 18.2
(10) (10)
15.0 18.5
18.2 20.7
(10) (10)
16.6 16.6
15.5 21.1
(09) (09)
Monetary measures
(10)
7.6
(93)
7.8
(10)
6.2
(10)
405.5
(93)
7.4
(10)
4.0
0.4
(10)
Labour
(91) (91) (91) (91) (91) (91) (91)
62.2 76.0 48.1 4.5 4.5 4.5 10.5
55.2 69.6 42.3 10.9 10.4 10.6 19.5
(91) (91) (91) (91) (91) (91) (91)
52.8 67.0 39.7 7.3 7.4 7.4 16.3
61.2 74.4 48.6 2.9 2.9 2.9 7.1
(91) (91) (91) (91) (91) (91) (91)
57.9 68.2 48.2 4.0 4.6 4.4 9.3
(96)
31.4 30.3 5.4 5.5 2.4 2.2 0.8 54.7 55.2

(10)
7.1 13.9 1.3 1.7 0.3 0.0 5.2 2.4 50.5 67.6 111.9
(92) (92)
(93) (92) (00) (00)
34.4 52.0 2.5 4.0 2.9 0.0 5.3 12.4 27.1 73.3 112.2
(10) (10)
(10) (10) (10) (03) (03)
13.7 14.8 2.2 2.5 0.8 0.1 0.9 0.6 30.4 62.0 61.4
(92) (92)
28.9 29.3 4.3 5.0 2.1 1.0 0.2 1.3 14.4 49.9 54.1
(10) (10) (10)
21.4 19.4 3.7 4.3 0.8 0.2 0.2 0.6 19.7 38.6 39.8
(94) (94) (94) (94) (92) (92) (99) (01) (92) (96) (96)
40.7 31.0 4.8 5.8 3.6 3.2 0.2 0.1 29.4 39.1 48.6
14.1 13.2 2.5 3.5 0.6 1.5

(99) (10) (10)
31.0 30.9 7.0 6.2 2.4 3.2

(96)
0.1 54.2 63.5
0.1 64.8 57.2
(10)
Connectivity
Fixed telephone mainlines, per 100 population Mobile cellular subscriptions, per 100 population Internet users, per 100 population Fixed broadband internet subscribers, per 100 population Railway density, km of railway per 1000 km2 land area Road density, km of road per 1000 km 2 land area Passenger cars, per 1 000 population Road traffic deaths, per 100 000 population Transport sector CO2 emissions, tons per capita Inbound tourism expenditure, % of GDP Outbound tourism expenditure, % of GDP 6.1 6.5 3.3 0.2 6.1 252 40.8 17.4 0.3 0.8 1.1
(95) (00) (00) (00)
(05) (03) (07)
(95) (95)
14.5 80.9 26.9 6.7 6.5 266 56.0 17.4 0.4 1.7 1.5
(10) (08) (09) (07) (09)
0.7 0.2 0.1 0.0 6.0 171 4.9 18.3 0.1 1.4 0.9
(95) (00) (00) (01)
(05) (07)
(02) (96)
1.8 45.6 5.2 0.1 6.0 181 6.8 18.3 0.1 1.5 1.6
(91) (00) (09) (07) (09) (10) (10)
2.4 3.5 1.2 0.0 8.0 467 11.3 17.1 0.1 1.6 1.0
(95) (00) (00) (00)
(05) (03) (07)
(97) (97)
11.8 77.4 23.7 5.5 8.7 502 24.6 17.1 0.3 1.3 1.2
(10) (08) (09) (07) (09)
15.7 8.0 3.4 0.0 5.4 74 129.2 24.8 1.3 2.7 2.8
(95) (00) (00) (00)
(03) (07)
(01) (01)
27.9 128.4 41.7 8.9 5.5 81 176.2 24.8 1.3 2.5 2.4
(10) (09) (09) (07) (09)
47.9 54.3 35.1 2.8 4.0 247 375.8 7.4 1.7 0.6 1.1
(95) (00) (00) (00)
(03) (07)
(95) (95)
52.5 109.7 80.1 29.1 4.3 265 403.4 7.4 2.0 1.8 1.5 124
(10) (09) (09) (07) (09)
Table 3 - Asia-Pacific: Selected groups - ASEAN, SAARC, ECO, Central Asia

4 218 1.0 43.1 78.5 1.3 -0.6 2.1 45.2
ASEAN 1990
445 2.0 31.6 99.3 0.7 -1.0 3.3 41.2
SAARC 2011
599 1.1 42.4 133.8 1.1 -0.9 2.2 39.2
ECO 2011
1 654 1.4 30.2 322.6 0.7 -1.1 2.7 79.3
Central Asia 2011

428 1.6 48.3 53.2 3.1 -1.8 2.8 37.0
1990
1 141 2.3 25.0 222.0 1.4 0.2 4.2 112.2
1990
292 2.5 43.2 36.1 6.5 -1.0 4.8 61.5
1990
67 1.4 47.7 16.2 12.0 -10.4 3.5 40.3
2011
78 1.1 44.7 18.7 7.4 -3.1 2.4 24.6
Demographic trends
Population total, millions Population growth, % change per annum Urban population, % of total Density, population per km2 Foreign population, % of total Net migration rate, migrants per 1 000 population Fertlity rate, live births per woman Adolescent fertility rate, live birth per 1 000 woman aged 15-19 3 276 1.8 33.0 60.9 1.6 -0.3 3.1 59.0
(92)
(10) (05-10)
(10) (05-10)
(10) (05-10)
(10) (05-10)
(10) (05-10)
(90-95)
(90-95)
(90-95)
(90-95)
(90-95)
(95-00)
(05-10)
(95-00)
(05-10)
(95-00)
(05-10)
(95-00)
(05-10)
(95-00)
(05-10)
Health
(10) (10) (10) (09) (09) (09) (10)
(91)
48.3 69.5 32.8 408.8 66.7
(91)
0.1 5.7
(95)
0.2 2.9
(95)
22.8 28.9 19.3 150.8 92.6 1.50 0.51 0.4 3.6
(08) (10) (10) (09) (09) (09) (10)
85.0 118.6 50.3 619.5 47.8
(91)
0.1 4.0
(95)
48.2 61.9 35.9 218.2 71.0 2.47 0.93 0.3 3.9
(10) (10) (10) (09) (09) (09) (10)
78.8 101.9 29.2 353.0 43.8
(91)
(91)
0.1 3.2
(95)
47.2 58.9 17.2 194.8 72.8 0.25 0.08 0.1 5.6
(08) (10) (10) (09) (09) (09) (10)
62.2 76.2 11.1 71.1 84.4
(95)
(95)
0.1 4.9
(95)
36.9 42.9 4.0 46.1 96.3 0.07 0.03 0.1 4.9
(09) (10) (10) (09) (09) (09) (10)
Education
Net enrolment in primary education, % of primary school aged pop. Net enrolment in secondary education, % of secondary school aged pop. Gross enrolment in tertiary education, % of tertiary school aged pop. Adult literacy rate, % of population aged 15+ Gender disparity in adult literacy rate, female to male ratio Gender disparity in primary educ., ratio of female to male enrolment rates Gender disparity in secondary educ., ratio of female to male enrolment rates Gender disparity in tertiary educ., ratio of female to male enrolment rates Pupils to teacher ratio, in primary education Pupils to teacher ratio, in secondary education 85.3 50.2 (98) 8.4 80.4 (95-04) 0.86 (95-04) 0.89 0.87 (98) 0.72 27.7 17.1 91.8 (10) 64.1 (10) 25.3 (10) 83.0 (05-10) 0.88 (05-10) 0.99 (10) 0.96 (10) 0.98 (10) 24.3 (10) 18.4 (10) 93.0 36.8 10.2 90.3 (95-04) 0.94 (95-04) 0.97 0.89 0.91 26.1 15.8 94.1 (10) 65.4 (10) 25.7 (10) 92.6 (05-10) 0.95 (05-10) 1.01 (10) 1.04 (10) 1.07 (10) 19.2 (10) 16.4 (10) 71.0 37.6 (98) 5.3 58.0 (95-04) 0.65 (95-04) 0.79 0.75 (98) 0.48 40.2 27.7 88.1 (10) 50.1 (10) 15.3 (10) 61.6 (05-10) 0.69 (05-10) 0.98 (10) 0.87 (10) 0.72 (10) 40.0 (10) 26.4 (05) 69.5 47.1 (99) 9.8 68.6 (95-04) 0.79 (95-04) 0.79 0.83 (99) 0.66 31.0 15.7 80.0 (10) 57.0 (08) 21.3 (10) 75.1 05-10 0.81 05-10 0.88 (10) 0.84 (08) 0.91 (10) 29.9 (10) 21.4 (10) 90.7 (99) 77.9 (99) 25.4 99.0 (95-04) 0.99 (95-04) 0.99 (99) 0.99 (99) 0.96 (93) 21.1 10.8 90.1 (10) 87.3 (10) 23.2 (10) 99.6 (05-10) 1.00 (05-10) 0.98 (10) 0.97 (10) 1.06 (10) 16.5 (10) 11.3 (10)

Population living in poverty, below $1.25 2005 PPP a day, % of pop. Population living in poverty, below national poverty line, % of pop. Population lacking access to improved water sources, % of pop. rural, % of rural population urban, % of urban population 51.6 33.9 27.2 29.5 5.9 18.9 15.5 9.1 13.5 3.0
(10) (10) (10) (10)
45.5 36.6 29.3 31.1 9.1
14.7 12.9 12.3 17.0 5.9
(10)
(10) (10) (10)
55.9 48.9 29.4 29.5 11.8
(91)
31.3 28.7 9.9 12.1 4.5
(10)
(10) (10) (10)
35.3 35.5 17.8 20.5 5.9
(99)
8.7 19.8 10.1 17.0 3.3
(09) (10) (10) (10) (10)
24.0 0.0 15.6 20.1 3.9
(93)
22.9 0.0 13.1 20.9 3.3 125
(95)
(10) (10) (10)
Asia-Pacific 1990
Population lacking access to improved sanitation, % of total population rural, % of rural population urban, % of urban population People lacking access to improved water sources, millions People lacking access to improved sanitation, millions 63.9 78.3 34.7 889.9 2 095
ASEAN 1990
(10) (10) (10) (10) (10)
SAARC 2011
30.9 40.1 18.3 73 183
(10) (10) (10) (10) (10)
ECO 2011
61.7 71.6 40.2 161 1 006
(10) (10) (10) (10) (10)
Central Asia 2011

28.5 44.6 11.3 43 120
(10) (10) (10) (10) (10)
2011
41.7 54.3 24.8 379.6 1 743
1990
78.4 89.1 45.8 335 895
1990
41.4 60.6 16.1 52 121
1990
14.9 19.9 8.8 10 10
2011
4.6 4.9 4.0 10 4
(10) (10) (10) (10) (10)
53.7 64.0 31.9 130 239

(09) (09) (09) (09)
363 350.4 0.8 45.4
1 020 390.6 1.8 5.0
(09) (09) (09) (09)
659 483.1 0.6 11.7
1 789 427.3 1.1 0.9
(09) (09) (09) (09)
866 726.8 3.1 40.3
1 312 551.8 3.4 3.7
(09) (09) (09) (09)
554 2 042 8.3 45.5
396 970.9 5.2 2.5
(09) (09) (09) (09)
Water
(92) (92)
4 913 47.2
(10) (02)
13 852 59.1
(92) (02)
10 784 55.4
(10) (07)
3 194 25.4 92.1 4.9 3.0
(92) (92) (00) (00) (00)
2 325 44.7 90.4 7.4 2.2
(10) (09) (10) (10) (10)
3 097 63.9
(92) (02)
2 247 65.9 91.3 4.9 3.8
(10) (07) (00) (00) (00)
5 223 81.4
(92) (97)
4 595 103.5 91.3 3.9 4.8
(10) (07) (00) (00) (00)
Energy
(09) (09) (09) (09) (09)
562 234.2 23.2 49.1 18.1
892 197.9 28.0 32.3 23.2
(09) (09) (09) (09) (09)
340 281.2 25.8 51.5 10.7
514 193.5 28.8 40.5 12.1
(09) (09) (09) (09) (09)
1 225 286.6 27.6 18.7 15.6
1 432 231.5 25.0 31.5 19.3
(09) (09) (09) (09) (09)
2 970 729.1 30.4 4.4 11.3
2 056 386.0 27.0 24.5 13.6
(09) (09) (09) (09) (09)
Biodiversity
(10) (10) (10)
0.6 8.7 56.7
2.1 13.8 49.3
(10) (10) (10)
1.3 5.3 16.6
1.5 5.9 17.1
(10) (10) (10)
1.7 3.7 4.8
2.0 4.2 4.9
(10) (10) (10)
0.2 2.7 3.9
0.5 3.0 3.9
(10) (10) (10)
Natural disasters
Deaths, number per annum People affected by natural disasters, millions per annum Economic damages from natural disasters, % of GDP 49 826 63.8 0.3 27 669 173.1 1.4 4 051 8.4 0.2 3 717 26.5 2.2 3 947 6.6 0.7 2 175 21.8 0.2 40 295 0.5 2.1 1 264 7.2 0.4 0 0.0 0.0 22 0.0 0.0
Economic growth
GDP at current prices, billion US $ Average annual GDP growth rate, % change per annum GDP per capita, 2005 PPP dollars per capita Gross domestic investment rate, % of GDP Value added by sector: Agriculture, billion 2005 US dollars 6 687 6.0 3 380 31.1 664.7 20 765 6.6 6 279 31.5 929.6
(10) (10) (10) (10) (10)
362 8.3 2 387 31.6 67
1 863 8.1 4 744 27.6 117
(10) (10) (10) (10) (10)
419 5.5 1 211 26.0 127
2 080 8.2 2 805 32.5 221
(10) (10) (10) (10) (10)
405 9.0 4 276 26.9 76
1 582 6.4 5 085 23.0 113
(10) (10) (10) (10) (10)
70 -10.8 4 074 37.2 18
(90-95)
292 6.8 5 619 22.7 17 126
(10) (10) (10) (10) (10)
Asia-Pacific 1990
Value added by sector: Industry, billion 2005 US dollars Value added by sector: Services, billion 2005 US dollars 2 870 4 627
ASEAN 1990
(10) (10)
SAARC 2011
480 576
(10) (10)
ECO 2011
394 788
(10) (10)
Central Asia 2011

354 572
(10) (10)
2011
5 332 8 625
1990
113 183
1990
161 264
1990
43 48
2011
69 73
(10) (10)
170 200
Fiscal balance
Government revenue, % of GDP Government expenditure, % of GDP 16.3 17.1 16.7 21.1
(09) (09)
20.3 19.5
17.4 19.9
(10) (10)
11.6 18.2
10.9 16.1
21.7 26.9
(95) (95)
20.9 26.0
(10) (10)
Monetary measures
(10)
7.4
4.4
(10)
9.0
11.8
(10)
39.8
9.5
(10)
7.6
(01)
6.9
(10)
Labour
(91) (91) (91) (91) (91) (91) (91)
62.2 76.0 48.1 4.5 4.5 4.5 10.5
68.1 79.8 56.8 3.9 3.5 3.7 8.8
(91) (91) (91) (91) (91) (91) (91)
67.0 78.4 55.9 4.6 4.3 4.4 12.8
58.8 81.6 34.3 4.8 4.0 4.3 9.3
(91) (91) (91) (91) (91) (91) (91)
55.0 78.5 30.3 4.7 3.4 3.8 9.7
49.2 74.8 23.2 11.6 7.4 8.4 15.4
(91) (91) (91) (91) (91) (91) (91)
48.9 72.4 25.4 9.9 6.6 7.5 13.4
56.3 65.9 47.4 13.5 11.9 12.6 21.9
(91) (91) (91) (91) (91) (91) (91)
58.4 67.6 49.9 9.9 9.4 9.6 17.0
(96)
31.4 30.3 5.4 5.5 2.4 2.2 0.8 54.7 55.2

(10)
39.8 44.8 7.8 7.7 3.5 0.6 1.3 2.0 54.8 76.7 72.5
(10)
65.7 60.9 13.2 13.6 6.2 3.2 0.4 2.0 28.0 74.2 67.9
(10) (10) (10)
6.6 9.3 1.6 2.2 0.1 0.0 1.4 1.3 30.4 41.4 43.9
(97)
(95) (95)
16.3 25.7 6.9 6.3 1.6 0.7 0.7 3.9 19.3 34.2 41.6
(10) (10) (10)
9.4 12.6 2.3 2.1 0.1 0.0 0.8 1.8 23.1 45.6 46.9
(95) (95)
35.1 34.1 4.0 3.5 3.3 0.6 0.8 1.4 32.0 39.5 51.3
(10) (10) (10)
20.5 21.0 2.3 3.2 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.8 0.4 41.3 57.0
(94) (94) (95) (95) (92) (92) (92) (01) (92) (00) (00)
49.6 26.9 3.9 6.4 6.8 1.7 0.8 2.4 53.3 33.6 57.4
(10) (10) (10) (10) (10)
Connectivity
Fixed telephone mainlines, per 100 population Mobile cellular subscriptions, per 100 population Internet users, per 100 population Fixed broadband internet subscribers, per 100 population Railway density, km of railway per 1000 km2 land area Road density, km of road per 1000 km 2 land area Passenger cars, per 1 000 population Road traffic deaths, per 100 000 population Transport sector CO2 emissions, tons per capita Inbound tourism expenditure, % of GDP Outbound tourism expenditure, % of GDP 6.1 6.5 3.3 0.2 6.1 251.6 40.8 17.4 0.3 0.8 1.1
(95) (00) (00) (00)
(05) (03) (07)
(95) (95)
14.5 80.9 26.9 6.7 6.5 266.2 56.0 17.4 0.4 1.7 1.5
(10) (08) (09) (07) (09)
2.9 4.2 2.6 0.0 4.3 186 34.6 17.9 0.2 5.0 2.8
(95) (00) (00) (00) (91)
(05) (07)
(98) (98)
11.7 98.8 23.7 2.6 4.2 262 45.2 17.9 0.4 4.6 2.8
(08) (06) (09) (07) (09)
1.2 0.3 0.5 0.0 19.1 525 7.5 17.7 0.1 0.9 0.5
(95) (00) (00) (00)
(06) (07)
(96) (96)
2.7 68.8 9.4 0.9 19.3 1001 11.0 17.7 0.1 1.0 0.8
(10) (09) (09) (07) (09) (10) (10)
7.8 5.4 1.8 0.0 6.4 129 50.6 24.6 0.4 4.4 1.1
(95) (00) (01) (00)
(03) (07)
(95) (95)
13.5 75.2 20.3 3.1 6.7 150 55.9 24.6 0.6 2.0 1.7
(10) (08) (09) (07) (09)
9.0 1.3 0.5 0.0 6.2 0 0.0 17.0 0.7 0.9 2.9
(95) (00) (00) (00) (97)
(07)
(96) (97)
14.3 104.6 32.2 3.7 6.6 0 0.0 17.0 0.5 1.4 1.5 127
(10)
(07) (09) (10) (10)
Technical notes
Demographic trends
Population size (millions) Definition: De facto mid-year population, covering all residents, regardless of legal status or citizenship, except for refugees not permanently settled in the country of asylum. Aggregation/imputation: Sum of individual country values. Missing data are not imputed. Data Source: WPP2010. Estimated demographic trends are projections based on censuses, administrative data and surveys provided by countries through an annual questionnaire. Population data from all sources are evaluated by the UN for completeness, accuracy and consistency. Data obtained: 03-07 May 2011 Population growth (annual average, %) Definition: The average annual rate of change in the total population over a single-year period or five-year periods, starting and ending in the middle of the indicated years. Aggregation/imputation: Weighted averages using population as weight. Missing data are not imputed. Data Source: WPP2010. Estimated demographic trends are projections based on censuses, administrative data and surveys provided by countries through an annual questionnaire. Population data from all sources are evaluated by the UN for completeness, accuracy and consistency. Data obtained: 03-07 May 2011 Urban population (% of total) Definition: Population living in areas classified as urban according to the administrative criteria used by each country or area. Aggregation/imputation: Weighted averages using population as weight. Missing data are not imputed. Data Source: WPP2010. Estimated demographic trends are projections based on censuses, administrative data and surveys provided by countries through an annual questionnaire. Population data from all sources are evaluated by the United Nations for completeness, accuracy and consistency. Data obtained: 03 May 2011 Glossary: There is no common definition in the region of what is urban. Definitions of urban areas may be based on administrative criteria, population size and/or density, economic functions or availability of certain infrastructure and services or other criteria. Because many countries define urban according to administrative criteria, urbanization levels and urban population growth rates may be underreported. Additionally, most growth occurs in the urban periphery, which may be beyond the boundary of urban and therefore may not be reflected in official statistics. Cross-country comparability of statistics related to urbanization is therefore limited. Population density (population per km2) Definition: Number of people per km2 of surface area. Total surface area comprises total land, inland and tidal water areas. Indicator calculations: Population divided by surface area (from FAO, AQUASTAT database, on 07 January 2011). Aggregation/imputation: Sum of individual country values of population divided by the sum of individual country surface areas. Missing data are not imputed. Data Source: WPP2010. Estimated demographic trends are projections based on censuses, administrative data and surveys provided by countries through an annual questionnaire. Population data from all sources are evaluated by the United Nations for completeness, accuracy and consistency. Data obtained: 03 May 2011 Foreign population (% of total) Definition: The estimated number of international immigrants, male and female, in the middle of the indicated year; generally represents the number of persons born in a country other than where they live. When data on the place of birth are unavailable, the number of non-citizens is used as a proxy for the number of international immigrants. The foreign population includes refugees, some of whom may not be foreign-born. Indicator calculations: The number of international immigrants divided by the total population. Aggregation/imputation: Weighted averages using population as weight. Missing data are not imputed. Data Source: United Nations, Trends in International Migrant Stock: The 2008 Revision (United Nations database, POP/DB/MIG/Stock/Rev.2008). Most estimates are based on data from population censuses held during the decennial rounds of censuses. Population census data are supplemented with data from population registers and nationally representative surveys. Data obtained: 25 August 2009 Net migration rate (migrants per 1,000 population) Definition: International immigrants minus emigrants divided by the average population of the country over a period. Aggregation/imputation: Weighted averages using population as weight. Missing data are not imputed. Data Source: WPP2010. Estimated demographic trends are projections based on censuses, administrative data and surveys provided by countries through an annual questionnaire. Population data from all sources are evaluated by the UN for completeness, accuracy and consistency. Data obtained: 03 May 2011 Fertility rate (live births per woman) Definition: The average number of live births per woman. This represents the number of live births a woman will have by the end of her reproductive period assuming the current prevailing age-specific fertility rates continue throughout her childbearing life. Aggregation/imputation: Weighted averages using women aged 15-49 as weight. Missing data are not imputed. Data Source: WPP2010. Estimated demographic trends are projections based on censuses, administrative data and surveys provided by countries through an annual questionnaire. Population data from all sources are evaluated by the UN for completeness, accuracy and consistency. Data obtained: 03-07 May 2011
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Adolescent fertility rate (live births per 1,000 women aged 15-19) Definition: The average number of births a 15-19 year old woman will experience. Indicator calculations: The number of live births to women aged 15-19 divided by the number of women in the same age group. Aggregation/imputation: Weighted averages using women aged 15-19 as weight. Missing data are not imputed. Data Source: WPP2010. Estimated demographic trends are projections based on censuses, administrative data and surveys provided by countries through an annual questionnaire. Population data from all sources are evaluated by the UN for completeness, accuracy and consistency. Data obtained: 03-07 May 2011 Life expectancy at birth (years) Definition: The number of years a newborn infant would live if prevailing age-specific mortality rates at the time of birth were to stay the same throughout the child's life. Aggregation/imputation: No aggregates calculated. Data Source: WPP2010. Estimated demographic trends are projections based on censuses, administrative data and surveys provided by countries through an annual questionnaire. Population data from all sources are evaluated by the UN for completeness, accuracy and consistency. Data obtained: 03-07 May 2011 Life expectancy at birth, female/male (years) Definition: The number of years a newborn female/male infant would live if prevailing age-specific mortality rates at the time of birth were to stay the same throughout the child's life. Disaggregated by gender. Aggregation/imputation: No aggregates calculated. Data Source: WPP2010. Estimated demographic trends are projections based on censuses, administrative data and surveys provided by countries through an annual questionnaire. Population data from all sources are evaluated by the UN for completeness, accuracy and consistency. Data obtained: 03-07 May 2011 Population age structure, female/male, 5-year range age group 0-4, 5-9, 80+ (% of total population) Definition: Population size disaggregated by 5-year range age group and gender. Aggregation/imputation: Sum of individual country values for each age group divided by the total population. Data Source: WPP2010. Estimated demographic trends are projections based on censuses, administrative data and surveys provided by countries through an annual questionnaire. Population data from all sources are evaluated by the UN for completeness, accuracy and consistency. Data obtained: 03-07 May 2011
Health
Infant mortality rate (deaths per 1,000 live births) Definition: The infant mortality rate is the probability (expressed as a rate per 1,000 live births) of a child born in a specified year dying before reaching the age of one if subject to current age-specific mortality rates. Aggregation/imputation: MDG aggregation and imputation methods; weighted averages using the number of live births (from WPP2010) as weight. Data Source: WHO Global Health Observatory Database, World Health Statistics. Data are collected from countries by WHO/UNICEF. Based on country-level data from civil registration systems, population census and household surveys. Data obtained: 03 October 2012 Glossary: A live birth is the complete expulsion or extraction from its mother of a product of conception, irrespective of the duration of the pregnancy, which, after such separation, breathes or shows any other evidence of life such as beating of the heart, pulsation of the umbilical cord, or definite movement of voluntary muscles whether or not the umbilical cord has been cut or the placenta is attached. Each product of such a birth is considered a live birth. Under 5 mortality rate (deaths per 1,000 live births) Definition: The Under 5 mortality rate expressed in deaths per 1,000 live births is the probability of a child born in a specified year dying before reaching the age of five if subject to current age-specific mortality rates. Aggregation/imputation: MDG aggregation and imputation methods; weighted averages using the number of live births (from WPP2010) as weight. Data Source: WHO Global Health Observatory Database, World Health Statistics. Data are collected from countries by WHO/UNICEF. Based on country-level data from civil registration systems, population census and household surveys. Data obtained: 03 October 2012 Children under 5 underweight (% of children under 5) Definition: The percentage of children aged 0-59 months whose weight for age is less than two standard deviations below the median weight for age of the international reference population. The inernational reference population, often referred to as the NCHS/WHO reference population, was formulated by the National Center for Health Statistics as a reference for the United States and later adopted by WHO. Aggregation/imputation: MDG aggregation and imputation methods; weighted averages using the number of children 0-59 months (WPP2010) as weight. Data Source: MDG Indicators Database. UNICEF is the primary data custodian. Country-level data are generally obtained from national household surveys, including demographic and health surveys, multiple indicator cluster surveys and national nutrition surveys. Data obtained: 05 July 2012 Maternal mortality ratio (deaths per 100,000 live births) Definition: The maternal mortality ratio (MMR) is the ratio of the number of maternal deaths during a given time period per 100,000 live births during the same time-period. A maternal death refers to a female death from any cause related to or aggravated by pregnancy or its management (excluding accidental or incidental causes) during pregnancy and childbirth or
129

within 42 days of termination of pregnancy, irrespective of the duration and site of the pregnancy. Aggregation/imputation: MDG aggregation and imputation methods, weighted averages using the number of live births (WPP2010) as weight. Data Source: MDG Indicators Database. Based on data from WHO, UNDP, UNICEF and the World Bank. Sources and methods used to determine maternal mortality vary by country. Primary sources of data include vital registration systems, household surveys (direct and indirect methods), reproductive-age mortality studies, disease surveillance or sample registration systems, special studies on maternal mortality, and national population censuses. Despite being based on established demographic techniques and empirical data from other countries, the country-specific point estimates obtained through the statistical model do not necessarily represent the true levels of maternal mortality. Data obtained: 05 July 2012 Antenatal care coverage, at least one visit (% of women with a live birth) Definition: Women aged 15-49 years with a live birth in a given time period who received antenatal care provided by skilled health personnel (doctors, nurses, or midwives) at least once during pregnancy. A skilled health worker/attendant is an accredited health professional such as a midwife, doctor or nurse who has been educated and trained to proficiency in the skills needed to manage normal (uncomplicated) pregnancies, childbirth and the immediate post-natal period, and in the identification, management and referral of complications in women and newborns. Both trained and untrained traditional birth attendants are excluded. Aggregation/imputation: MDG aggregation and imputation methods; weighted averages using the number of live births (WPP2010) as weight. Data Source: MDG Indicators Database. Based on data from WHO, UNDP, UNICEF and the World Bank. Sources and methods used to determine maternal mortality vary by country. Primary sources of data include vital registration systems, household surveys (direct and indirect methods), reproductive-age mortality studies, disease surveillance or sample registration systems, special studies on maternal mortality, and national population censuses. Despite being based on established demographic techniques and empirical data from other countries, the countryspecific point estimates obtained through the statistical model do not necessarily represent the true levels of maternal mortality. Data obtained: 05 July 2012 Population living with HIV: Adults/Female adults (millions) Definition: Estimated number of total adults/female adults living with HIV, expressed in millions. Estimates include all those infected with HIV, whether or not they have developed symptoms of AIDS. Adults is defined as 15 and above. Aggregation/imputation: Sum of individual country values. Missing data are not imputed. Data Source: WHO/GHO. HIV prevalence and AIDS deaths have been collected from national AIDS programmes and produced and compiled by UNAIDS/WHO. Data are shared with national AIDS programmes for review and comments but are not necessarily the official estimates used by the national Government. Data obtained: 03 September 2012 Glossary: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a virus that weakens the immune system, ultimately leading to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). HIV destroys the body's ability to fight off infection and disease, which can ultimately lead to death. HIV prevalence rate, 15-49 years old (% of 15-49 years old) Definition: Individuals aged 15-49 living with HIV. HIV prevalence includes all those infected with HIV, whether or not symptoms of AIDS have developed. Aggregation/imputation: Weighted averages using the population aged 15-49 (WPP2010) as weight. Missing data are not imputed. Data Source: WHO/GHO. HIV prevalence and AIDS deaths have been collected from national AIDS programmes and produced and compiled by UNAIDS/WHO. Data are shared with national AIDS programmes for review and comments but are not necessarily the official estimates used by the national Government. Data obtained: 31 August 2012 Births attended by skilled health personnel: Disaggregated by poorest and richest quintiles (% of live births) Definition: Births attended by skilled health personnel (doctors, nurses or midwives) are deliveries attended by personnel trained in providing life-saving obstetric care, including giving the necessary supervision, care and advice to women during pregnancy, labour and the post-partum period; conducting deliveries on their own; and caring for newborns. Traditional birth attendants, even if they have received a short training course, are not included. Poorest and richest quintiles of the population are based on income data. This indicator is expressed in % of live births. Aggregation/imputation: Poorest and richest quintiles are not aggregated. Data Source: WHO/GHO. Microdata are from nationally representative surveys including the demographic and health surveys, the fertility and family surveys, reproductive health surveys with assistance from the Centers for Disease Control in the United States, the multiple-indicator cluster surveys and national family planning, or health, or household, or socio-economic surveys. Survey data from sources other than the national statistical system are included when other data are not available. The data are taken from published survey reports or, in exceptional cases, other published analytic reports. UNICEF/WHO base their estimates on the available data sources and internal verification procedures. Data obtained: 05 July 2012 Births attended by skilled health personnel: Disaggregated by rural and urban areas (% of live births) Definition: Births attended by skilled health personnel (doctors, nurses or midwives) are deliveries attended by personnel trained in providing life-saving obstetric care, including giving the necessary supervision, care and advice to women during pregnancy, labour and the post-partum period; conducting deliveries on their own; and caring for newborns. Traditional birth attendants, even if they have received a short training course, are not included. Rural and urban disaggregation data are based on the place of residence. This indicator is expressed in % of live births. Aggregation/imputation: Rural and urban data are not aggregated. Data Source: WHO/GHO. Microdata are from nationally representative surveys including the demographic and health surveys, the fertility and family surveys, reproductive health surveys with assistance from the Centers for Disease Control in the United States, the multiple-indicator cluster surveys and national family planning, or health, or household, or socio-economic surveys. Survey data from sources other than the national statistical system are included when other data are
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not available. The data are taken from published survey reports or, in exceptional cases, other published analytic reports. UNICEF/WHO base their estimates on the available data sources and internal verification procedures. Data obtained: 05 July 2012 Years of life lost (YLL) to communicable diseases, non-communicable diseases and injuries (% of YLL) Definition: YLL is an estimate of the average number years a person would have lived had he or she not died prematurely; i.e., a measure of premature mortality. YLL per person represents the difference between the standard life expectancy of a person and his or her age at death; if the age exceeds the life expectancy, YLL equals zero. The standard life expectancy value is consistent across countries and generated using a standard life table. A life table is the statistical representation of the probability that a person will survive for an additional year; and based on that probability, the probability of surviving for another year; and so on. Aggregation/imputation: No aggregates calculated. Data Source: WHO/GHO. WHO uses a standardized questionnaire for data collection. Cause-of-death distributions are estimated from death registration data, together with data from population-based epidemiological studies, disease registers and notifications systems for selected specific causes of death. Causes of death for populations without useable death-registration data are estimated using cause-ofdeath models together with data from population-based epidemiological studies, disease registers and notification systems for 21 specific causes of death. Data obtained: 20 June 2011 General government health expenditure (% of government expenditure) Definition: The sum of outlays for health maintenance, restoration or enhancement paid for in cash or supplied in kind by governmental entities, such as the ministry of health, other ministries, parastatal organizations or social security agencies (without double-counting governmental transfers to social security and extrabudgetary funds). Such expenditure includes transfer payments to households to offset medical care costs and extrabudgetary funds to finance health services and goods. The revenue base of such entities may comprise multiple sources, including external funds. General government expenditure corresponds to the consolidated outlays of all levels of government: territorial authorities (central/federal government, provincial/regional/State/district authorities, municipal/local government), social security institutions and extrabudgetary funds, including capital outlays. Expressed as the percentage of government expenditure. Aggregation/imputation: No aggregates calculated. Data Source: WHO/GHO. WHO collects national health accounts and other data from countries. National sources collected by WHO include national health accounts (NHA) reports, national accounts (NA) reports, general government (GG) accounts, public expenditure reviews (PER), government expenditure by purpose reports (Classification of the Functions of Government, COFOG), institutional reports of public entities involved in health care provision or financing, notably social security and other health insurance compulsory agencies and ministry of finance (MoF) reports. The most comprehensive and consistent data on health financing is generated from national health accounts. If NHA data are not available, WHO estimates based on technical contacts in-country and publicly available documents and reports that are adjusted to the NHA framework. WHO sends estimates to the respective ministry of health every year for validation. Data obtained: 28 August 2012 Number of physicians (per 10,000 population) Definition: The number of physicians include generalists and specialists expressed in per 10,000 population. Aggregation/imputation: No aggregates are calculated. Data Source: WHO/GHO. WHO collects data from countries. Data collected includes population censuses, labour force and employment surveys, health facility assessments and routine administrative information systems reports (on public expenditure, staffing and payroll as well as professional training, registration and licensure). Most of the data from administrative sources are derived from published national health sector reviews and/or official country reports to WHO offices. Data obtained: 29 August 2012 Number of hospital beds (per 10,000 population) Definition: The number of in-patient hospital beds include hospital and maternity beds, expressed in per 10,000 population, and exclude cots and delivery beds. Aggregation/imputation: No aggregates are calculated. Data Source: WHO/GHO. WHO collects data from countries. Data collected includes population censuses, labour force and employment surveys, health facility assessments and routine administrative information systems reports (on public expenditure, staffing and payroll as well as professional training, registration and licensure). Most of the data from administrative sources are derived from published national health sector reviews and/or official country reports to WHO offices. Data obtained: 29 August 2012 Total health expenditure (% of GDP) Definition: Total health expenditure (THE) is the sum of general government and private expenditure on health. Expressed as a percentage of GDP. Aggregation/imputation: Weighted averages (% of GDP) using current GDP in United States dollars as weight. Missing data are not imputed. Data Source: WHO/GHO. WHO collects national health accounts and other data from countries. National sources collected by WHO include national health accounts (NHA) reports, national accounts (NA) reports, general government (GG) accounts, public expenditure reviews (PER), government expenditure by purpose reports (Classification of the Functions of Government, COFOG), institutional reports of public entities involved in health care provision or financing, notably social security and other health insurance compulsory agencies and ministry of finance (MoF) reports. The most comprehensive and consistent data on health financing is generated from national health accounts. If NHA data are not available, WHO estimates based on technical contacts in-country and publicly available documents and reports that are adjusted to the NHA framework. WHO sends estimates to the respective ministry of health every year for validation. Data obtained: 28 August 2012
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Education
Net enrolment in primary education (% of primary school-aged children) Definition: Enrolment of the official age group for primary education expressed as a percentage of primary school-aged population. Aggregation/imputation: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS). Data Source: UIS Data Centre. Values are from school registers, school surveys or censuses for data on net enrolment by age and data on enrolment by level of education; population censuses or estimates of school-age population normally obtained from the central statistical office. UIS collects education statistics in aggregate form from official administrative sources at national level. Collected information encompasses data on educational programmes, access, participation, progression, completion, internal efficiency and human and financial resources. Data obtained: 18 October 2012 Net enrolment in secondary education (% of secondary school-aged children) Definition: Enrolment of the official age group for secondary education expressed as a percentage of secondary school-aged population. Aggregation/imputation: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS). Data Source: UIS Data Centre. Values are from school registers, school surveys or censuses for data on net enrolment by age and data on enrolment by level of education; population censuses or estimates of school-age population normally obtained from the central statistical office. UIS collects education statistics in aggregate form from official administrative sources at national level. Collected information encompasses data on educational programmes, access, participation, progression, completion, internal efficiency and human and financial resources. Data obtained: 18 October 2012 Gross enrolment in tertiary education (% of tertiary school aged population (within 5 years of secondary school age)) Definition: Total enrolment in tertiary education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the eligible official schoolage population corresponding to tertiary education in a given school year. For the tertiary level, the population used is that of the five-year age group following on from the secondary school leaving. Aggregation/imputation: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS). Data Source: UIS Data Centre. Values are from school registers, school surveys or censuses for data on net enrolment by age and data on enrolment by level of education; population censuses or estimates of school-age population normally obtained from the central statistical office. UIS collects education statistics in aggregate form from official administrative sources at national level. Collected information encompasses data on educational programmes, access, participation, progression, completion, internal efficiency and human and financial resources. Data obtained: 18 October 2012 Adult literacy rate total (% of population aged 15 and above) Definition: The percentage of people aged 15 years and above who can both read and write with comprehension a short, simple statement about their everyday life. Generally, literacy also encompasses numeracy or the ability to make simple arithmetic calculations. Disaggregated by gender. Aggregation/imputation: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS). Data Source: UIS Data Centre. Values mainly obtained from population censuses and household and/or labour force surveys. UIS collects education statistics in aggregate form from official administrative sources at the national level. Collected information encompasses data on educational programmes, access, participation, progression, completion, internal efficiency and human and financial resources Data obtained: 25 October 2012 Adult literacy rate female, male (% of population aged 15 and above) Definition: The percentage of people (female and male) aged 15 years and above who can both read and write with comprehension a short, simple statement about their everyday life. Generally, literacy also encompasses numeracy or the ability to make simple arithmetic calculations. Disaggregated by gender. Aggregation/imputation: No aggregates calculated. Data Source: UIS Data Centre. Values mainly obtained from population censuses and household and/or labour force surveys. UIS collects education statistics in aggregate form from official administrative sources at the national level. Collected information encompasses data on educational programmes, access, participation, progression, completion, internal efficiency and human and financial resources Data obtained: 03 July 2012 Gender parity index net primary enrolment, net secondary enrolment and gross secondary enrolment (female-tomale ratio) Definition: The ratio of female-to-male enrolment ratios for primary/secondary/tertiary level of education. Aggregation/imputation: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS). Data Source: UIS Data Centre. Values are from school registers, school surveys or censuses for data on net enrolment by age and data on enrolment by level of education; population censuses or estimates of school-age population normally obtained from the central statistical office. UIS collects education statistics in aggregate form from official administrative sources at national level. Collected information encompasses data on educational programmes, access, participation, progression, completion, internal efficiency and human and financial resources. Data obtained: 18 October 2012 Public expenditure on education (% of GDP) Definition: Total public expenditure (current and capital) on education, expressed as a percentage of GDP. GDP are based on national accounts reports from UNESCO Bureau of Statistics. GDP levels may, in this case, not be comparable with GDP published elsewhere in this Yearbook. Aggregation/imputation: No aggregates calculated. Data Source: Values are from annual financial reports by central or federal governments, state or provincial or regional administrations. Data on GDP are normally available from national accounts reports from the bureau of statistics. For percentage of total government expenditure, values come from annual financial reports prepared by the ministry of finance; national accounts reports by the central statistical office and financial reports from the various government departments engaged in education activities, especially the ministry of education. UIS collects education statistics in aggregate form from official administrative sources
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at the national level. Collected information encompasses data on educational programmes, access, participation, progression, completion, internal efficiency and human and financial resources. Data obtained: 26 September 2012 Public expenditure on education (% of total government expenditure) Definition: Total public expenditure (current and capital) on education, expressed as a percentage of total government expenditure. Aggregation/imputation: No aggregates calculated. Data Source: Values are from annual financial reports by central or federal governments, state or provincial or regional administrations. Data on GDP are normally available from national accounts reports from the bureau of statistics. For percentage of total government expenditure, values come from annual financial reports prepared by the ministry of finance; national accounts reports by the central statistical office and financial reports from the various government departments engaged in education activities, especially the ministry of education. UIS collects education statistics in aggregate form from official administrative sources at the national level. Collected information encompasses data on educational programmes, access, participation, progression, completion, internal efficiency and human and financial resources. Data obtained: 26 September 2012 Gross domestic expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Definition: Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD) is the expenditure on R&D performed on the national territory during a given period. It includes R&D funds allocated by: (1) firms, organizations and institutions whose primary activity is the market production of goods and services for sale to the general public; (2) the central (federal), State, or local government authorities. They include all departments, offices and other bodies which furnish, but normally do not sell to the community, those common services, other than higher education; (3) institutions of higher education comprising all universities, colleges of technology, other institutions of post-secondary education, and all research institutes, experimental stations and clinics operating under the direct control of or administered by or associated with higher education establishments; (4) non-market, private non-profit institutions serving the general public, as well as by private individuals and households; (5) institutions and individuals located outside the political borders of a country, except vehicles, ships, aircraft and space satellites operated by domestic organizations and testing grounds acquired by such organizations, and by all international organizations (except business enterprises) including their facilities and operations within the national borders. Expressed as a percentage of GDP. Aggregation/imputation: No aggregates calculated. Data Source: UIS Data Centre. UIS conducts a biennial R&D survey and collects data through its R&D questionnaire. Data obtained: 26 September 2012 Pupils to teacher ratio in primary education/secondary education (pupils per teacher) Definition: Average number of pupils (students) per teacher in primary education/secondary education in a given school year, based on headcounts for both pupils and teachers. Aggregation/imputation: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS). Data Source: Values mainly obtained from school registers, teacher records, school census or surveys for data on enrolment and teaching staff. UIS collects education statistics in aggregate form from official administrative sources at national level. Collected information encompasses data on educational programmes, access, participation, progression, completion, internal efficiency and human and financial resources. Data obtained: 18 October 2012

Population living in poverty (2005 PPP$1.25 a day) (% of population) Definition: The population living on less than $1.25 per day, measured in 2005 PPP. The threshold of PPP$1.25 per day roughly indicates a global poverty line. Aggregation/imputation: MDG aggregation and imputation methods, with weighted averages (for proportional figures) using population as a weight. Data Source: United Nations MDG Indicators Database. The indicator is produced by the World Bank Development Research Group based on microlevel data from nationally representative household surveys that are conducted by national statistical offices or by private agencies under the supervision of government or international agencies and obtained from government statistical offices and World Bank Group country departments. Global poverty indicators are adjusted for each country using an internationally comparable poverty line, enabling comparisons across countries to be made. Data obtained: 05 July 2012 Glossary: Purchasing power parity (PPP) is an international dollar has the same purchasing power as the U.S. dollar has in the United States. Costs in local currency units are converted to international dollars using purchasing power parity (PPP) exchange rates. A PPP exchange rate is the number of units of a country's currency required to buy the same amounts of goods and services in the domestic market as U.S. dollar would buy in the United States. An international dollar is, therefore, a hypothetical currency that is used as a means of translating and comparing costs from one country to the other using a common reference point, the US dollar. Population living below the national poverty line (% of population) Definition: The national poverty line is defined by each country. Therefore, the figures are not comparable across countries and may not be comparable over time within a country. Aggregation/imputation: MDG aggregation and imputation methods, with weighted averages (for proportional figures) using population as a weight. Data Source: United Nations MDG Indicators Database. Data on developing countries comes mainly from the World Bans Poverty Assessments which are done in close collaboration with national institutions, other development agencies, and civil society groups, including poor peoples organizations. Data are derived from nationally representative household surveys conducted by national statistical offices or by private agencies under the supervision of government or international agencies and obtained from government statistical offices and World Bank Group country departments. Data on developed countries are typically gathered from national poverty reports. The data are not adjusted for international comparability. Data obtained: 05 July 2012
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Gini index (income equality coefficient) Definition: Measures the extent to which the income distribution (or, in some cases, consumption expenditure) within an economy deviates from a perfect income equality. A Gini index of 0 represents perfect equality and of 100 represents absolute inequality. Aggregation/imputation: No aggregates calculated. Data Source: World Bank, Development Research Group. Data are based on primary household survey data obtained from government statistical agencies and World Bank country departments. Data on high-income economies are from the Luxembourg Income Study database. Data obtained: 18 September 2012 Population lacking access to improved water sources: rural, urban and total (% of rural/urban/total population) Definition: The proportion of the rural/urban/total population without access to improved water sources. Improved water sources includes household water connection, public standpipe, borehole, protected dug well, protected spring, rainwater collection and bottled water (if the secondary available source is also improved). Aggregation/imputation: MDG aggregation and imputation methods, with weighted averages using rural/urban/total population as a weight. Data Source: MDG Indicators Database. Countries report data to the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation (JMP). The primary data sources used in international monitoring include nationally representative household surveys, including Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS), Demographic Health Surveys (DHS), World Health Surveys (WHS), Living Standards and Measurement Surveys (LSMS), Core Welfare Indicator Questionnaires (CWIQ), Pan Arab Project for Family Health Surveys (PAPFAM) and population censuses. Such data are entered into the JMP database after validation with objective criteria. Data obtained: 06-07 July 2012 Population lacking access to improved sanitation: rural, urban and total (% of rural/urban/total population) Definition: The proportion of the rural/urban/total population without access to improved sanitation. Improved sanitation refers to acilities which include flush or pour-flush toilet or latrine to: piped sewerage, septic tank or pit; a ventilated improved pit (VIP) latrine; a pit latrine with slab; or a composting toilet or latrine. Aggregation/imputation: MDG aggregation and imputation methods, with weighted averages using rural/urban/total population as a weight. Data Source: MDG Indicators Database. Countries report data to the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation (JMP). The primary data sources used in international monitoring include nationally representative household surveys, including Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS), Demographic Health Surveys (DHS), World Health Surveys (WHS), Living Standards and Measurement Surveys (LSMS), Core Welfare Indicator Questionnaires (CWIQ), Pan Arab Project for Family Health Surveys (PAPFAM) and population censuses. Such data are entered into the JMP database after validation with objective criteria. Data obtained: 06-07 July 2012 Population lacking access to improved water sources (millions) Definition: The number of people lacking access to improved water, expressed in millions. Aggregation/imputation: MDG aggregation and imputation methods; Data are derived by multiplying the population size with the percentage of the population lacking access to improved water sources (1 minus the percentage of the total population with access to improved water sources). Data Source: MDG Indicators Database. Countries report data to the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation (JMP). The primary data sources used in international monitoring include nationally representative household surveys, including Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS), Demographic Health Surveys (DHS), World Health Surveys (WHS), Living Standards and Measurement Surveys (LSMS), Core Welfare Indicator Questionnaires (CWIQ), Pan Arab Project for Family Health Surveys (PAPFAM) and population censuses. Such data are entered into the JMP database after validation with objective criteria. Data obtained: 06 July 2012 People lacking access to improved sanitation (millions) Definition: The number of people lacking access to improved sanitation, expressed in millions; this is only calculated for economic, regional and subregional groupings. Aggregation/imputation: MDG aggregation and imputation methods; Data are derived by multiplying the population size with the percentage of the population lacking access to improved sanitation (1 minus the percentage of the total population with access to improved sanitation). Data Source: MDG Indicators Database. Countries report data to the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation (JMP). The primary data sources used in international monitoring include nationally representative household surveys, including Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS), Demographic Health Surveys (DHS), World Health Surveys (WHS), Living Standards and Measurement Surveys (LSMS), Core Welfare Indicator Questionnaires (CWIQ), Pan Arab Project for Family Health Surveys (PAPFAM) and population censuses. Such data are entered into the JMP database after validation with objective criteria. Data obtained: 06 July 2012

Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions (million tons of CO2) Definition: Total CO2 emissions from fuel combustion, calculated using the Tier 1 Sectoral Approach of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Aggregation/imputation: Sum of individual country values. Missing data are not imputed. Data Source: International Energy Agency (IEA). Countries report to IEA through the OECD member site and non-OECD government site. The IEA secretariat does not adjust the data. Data obtained: 28 February 2012 Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions (grams per 1 dollar GDP (2005 PPP)) Definition: CO2 emissions in grams per unit of GDP figures are based on GDP in 2005 PPP dollars figures from WDI. Aggregation/imputation: Weighted averages, using GDP in 2005 PPP dollars as weight. Missing data are not imputed. Data Source: International Energy Agency (IEA). Countries report to IEA through the OECD member site and non-OECD government site. The IEA secretariat does not adjust the data. Data obtained: 28 February 2012
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Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions per capita (tons per capita) Definition: CO2 emissions per capita figures are based on population figures (WPP 2010). Aggregation/imputation: Weighted averages, using population as weight. Missing data are not imputed. Data Source: International Energy Agency (IEA). Countries report to IEA through the OECD member site and non-OECD government site. The IEA secretariat does not adjust the data. Data obtained: 28 February 2012 Consumption of ozone-depleting substances (grams per capita) Definition: Annual consumption in weighted tons of the individual substances in the group of ozone-depleting substances multiplied by their ozone-depleting potential (ODP). Ozone-depleting substances are those containing chlorine or bromine that destroy the stratospheric ozone layer. Figures are based on population figures (WPP 2010). Aggregation/imputation: Weighted averages, using population as weight. Missing data are not imputed. Data Source: MDG Indicators database. Countries that are Party to the Montreal protocol report data annually to the Secretariat using data reporting formats agreed by the Parties. Data are usually reported by the ministry of environment or by designated authorities such as an environmental protection agency or an environmental management authority or a national ozone unit. Country data are not adjusted. Data obtained: 28 February 2012
Water
Renewable water, total (m3 per capita per annum) Definition: The sum of internal renewable water resources and natural incoming flow originating outside the country, taking into consideration the quantity of flows reserved to upstream and downstream countries through formal or informal agreements or treaties. That sum gives the maximum theoretical amount of water available in the country. Expressed in cubic meter per capita per annum. Aggregation/imputation: Weighted averages using total population as weight. Missing data are not imputed. Data Source: AQUASTAT, Food and Agriculture Organization, FAO's Information System on Water and Agriculture Data obtained: 8 February 2012 Domestic water withdrawal (m3 per capita per annum) Definition: Drinking water plus water withdrawn for homes, municipalities, commercial establishments, and public services. Expressed in cubic meter per capita per annum. Aggregation/imputation: Weighted averages using total population as weight. Missing data are not imputed. Data Source: AQUASTAT, Food and Agriculture Organization, FAO's Information System on Water and Agriculture Data obtained: 05 September 2012 Water withdrawal, agriculture (% of total water withdrawal) Definition: Agricultural water withdrawal (quantity of water used for agricultural purposes, including irrigation and for livestock. Methods for computing agricultural water withdrawal vary from country to country) divided by the total water withdrawal. Expressed as percentage of total water withdrawal. Aggregation/imputation: Sum of individual country values of the agricultural sector water withdrawal divided by sum of individual country values of total water withdrawal. Missing data are not imputed. Data Source: AQUASTAT, Food and Agriculture Organization, FAO's Information System on Water and Agriculture Data obtained: 12 April 2012 Water withdrawal, industry (% of total water withdrawal) Definition: Quantity of water used for industrial purposes divided by the total water withdrawal. Usually, this sector refers to self-supplied industries not connected to any distribution network. Expressed as percentage of total water withdrawal. Aggregation/imputation: Sum of individual country values of the industrial sector water withdrawal divided by sum of individual country values of total water withdrawal. Missing data are not imputed. Data Source: AQUASTAT, Food and Agriculture Organization, FAO's Information System on Water and Agriculture Data obtained: 12 April 2012 Water withdrawal, domestic use (% of total water withdrawal) Definition: The total water withdrawn by the public distribution network divided by the total water withdrawal. It can include that part of the industries, which are connected to the network. Expressed as percentage of total water withdrawal. Aggregation/imputation: Sum of individual country values of the domestic water withdrawal divided by sum of individual country values of total water withdrawal. Missing data are not imputed. Data Source: AQUASTAT, Food and Agriculture Organization, FAO's Information System on Water and Agriculture Data obtained: 12 April 2012
Energy
Total primary energy supply (TPES) (kg of oil equivalent per capita) Definition: TPES per capita figures are based on population figures (WPP 2010). Aggregation/imputation: Weighted averages using total population as weight. Missing data are not imputed. Data Source: IEA. Countries report to IEA through the OECD member site and the non-OECD government site. The IEA secretariat does not adjust the data. For final consumption, energy balance, primary energy supply and electricity data, IEA notes that energy statistics at the national level are often collected using criteria and definitions that differ, sometimes considerably, from those of international organizations. The IEA secretariat has identified such differences and, where possible, adjusted the data to meet international definitions. Data obtained: 1 March 2012
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Glossary: Total Primary Energy Supply (TPES) is composed of production + imports exports international marine bunkers international aviation bunkers stock changes. TPES includes fuels such as coal and gas that are subsequently transformed into other energy forms, such as electricity. For the world total, international marine bunkers and international aviation bunkers are not subtracted from TPES. Total Final Consumption (TFC) is the sum of consumption by the different end-use sectors. Backflows from the petrochemical industry are not included in final consumption. Total primary energy supply (TPES) (kg of oil equivalent per 1,000 dollars GDP (2005 PPP)) Definition: TPES per GDP is often referred to as the overall "energy intensity" of an economy. Figures are based on GDP in 2005 PPP (WDI). Aggregation/imputation: Weighted averages using GDP in 2005 PPP dollars as weight. Missing data are not imputed. Data Source: IEA. Countries report to IEA through the OECD member site and the non-OECD government site. The IEA secretariat does not adjust the data. For final consumption, energy balance, primary energy supply and electricity data, IEA notes that energy statistics at the national level are often collected using criteria and definitions that differ, sometimes considerably, from those of international organizations. The IEA secretariat has identified such differences and, where possible, adjusted the data to meet international definitions. Data obtained: 1 March 2012 Final energy consumption: Transport (% of total final energy consumption) Definition: Encompasses all fuels used for transport (ISIC Divisions 49 to 51), including transport in industry and covering domestic aviation, road, rail, pipeline transport, domestic navigation and non-specified transport. Fuel used in ocean, coastal and inland fishing (included under fishing) and military consumption (included in other non-specified) are excluded from transport. International marine and international aviation bunkers are also included here for world total. Aggregation/imputation: Sum of individual country values of the sector divided by the sum of individual country values of total final consumption. Missing data are not imputed. Data Source: IEA. Countries report to IEA through the OECD member site and the non-OECD government site. The IEA secretariat does not adjust the data. For final consumption, energy balance, primary energy supply and electricity data, IEA notes that energy statistics at the national level are often collected using criteria and definitions that differ, sometimes considerably, from those of international organizations. The IEA secretariat has identified such differences and, where possible, adjusted the data to meet international definitions. Data obtained: 5 March 2012 Final energy consumption: Industry (% of total final energy consumption) Definition: Specified under the following subsectors according to ISIC; energy used for transport by industry is reported under transport: iron and steel industry (ISIC Group 241 and Class 2431); chemical and petrochemical industry (ISIC Divisions 20 and 21), excluding petrochemical feedstocks; non-ferrous metals basic industries (ISIC Group 242 and Class 2432); non-metallic minerals such as glass, ceramic and cement (ISIC Division 23); transport equipment (ISIC Divisions 29 and 30); machinery, comprising fabricated metal products, machinery and equipment other than transport equipment (ISIC Divisions 25 to 28); mining (excluding fuels) and quarrying (ISIC Divisions 07 and 08 and Group 099); food and tobacco (ISIC Divisions 10 to 12); paper, pulp and printing (ISIC Divisions 17 and 18); wood and wood products, other than pulp and paper (ISIC Division 16); construction (ISIC Divisions 41 to 43); textile and leather (ISIC Divisions 13 to 15); non-specified - any manufacturing industry not included above (ISIC Divisions 22, 31 and 32). Aggregation/imputation: Sum of individual country values of the sector divided by the sum of individual country values of total final consumption. Missing data are not imputed. Data Source: IEA. Countries report to IEA through the OECD member site and the non-OECD government site. The IEA secretariat does not adjust the data. For final consumption, energy balance, primary energy supply and electricity data, IEA notes that energy statistics at the national level are often collected using criteria and definitions that differ, sometimes considerably, from those of international organizations. The IEA secretariat has identified such differences and, where possible, adjusted the data to meet international definitions. Data obtained: 5 March 2012 Final energy consumption: Residential use (% of total final energy consumption) Definition: Includes consumption by households and excludes fuels used for transport. It includes households with employed persons (ISIC Rev. 4 Division 97 and 98), a small part of total residential consumption. Aggregation/imputation: Sum of individual country values of the sector divided by the sum of individual country values of total final consumption. Missing data are not imputed. Data Source: IEA. Countries report to IEA through the OECD member site and the non-OECD government site. The IEA secretariat does not adjust the data. For final consumption, energy balance, primary energy supply and electricity data, IEA notes that energy statistics at the national level are often collected using criteria and definitions that differ, sometimes considerably, from those of international organizations. The IEA secretariat has identified such differences and, where possible, adjusted the data to meet international definitions. Data obtained: 5 March 2012 Glossary: Total Final Consumption (TFC) is the sum of consumption by the different end-use sectors. Backflows from the petrochemical industry are not included in final consumption.
Biodiversity
Marine areas protected (% of territorial water) Definition: The overall surface of protected marine areas, as a percentage of territorial water, as adopted by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). All areas of intertidal or subtidal terrain are covered, together with their overlying
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water and associated flora, fauna and historical and cultural features, that have been reserved by law or other effective means to protect part of or the entire enclosed environment. Only protected areas that are nationally designated are included in this indicator. Aggregation/imputation: Weighted averages using total territorial water area as weight. Missing data are imputed. Data Source: MDG Indicators Database. The data source is the World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA), the most comprehensive global dataset on marine and terrestrial protected areas available. WDPA is a joint product of UNEP and IUCN, prepared by UNEP-WCMC and the IUCN World Commission on Protected Areas working with governments, the secretariats of Multilateral Environmental Agreements and collaborating non-governmental organizations (NGOs). Data are reported by countries to WDPA. Quality control criteria are applied to ensure consistency and comparability of WDPA data. New data are validated at UNEP-WCMC through a number of tools and translated into the standard WDPA data structure. Discrepancies between WDPA data and new data are resolved in communication with data providers. Processed data is fully integrated into the published WDPA. Data obtained: 24 April 2012 Terrestrial areas protected (% of surface area) Definition: The terrestial areas protected refers to the total land area dedicated to the protection and maintenance of biological diversity, and of natural and associated cultural resources, and managed through legal or other effective means. Only protected areas that are nationally designated are included in this indicator. This indicator is expressed as a percentage of the surface area. Aggregation/imputation: Weighted averages using surface area as weight. Missing data are imputed. Data Source: MDG Indicators Database. The data source is the World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA), the most comprehensive global dataset on marine and terrestrial protected areas available. WDPA is a joint product of UNEP and IUCN, prepared by UNEP-WCMC and the IUCN World Commission on Protected Areas working with governments, the secretariats of Multilateral Environmental Agreements and collaborating non-governmental organizations (NGOs). Data are reported by countries to WDPA. Quality control criteria are applied to ensure consistency and comparability of WDPA data. New data are validated at UNEP-WCMC through a number of tools and translated into the standard WDPA data structure. Discrepancies between WDPA data and new data are resolved in communication with data providers. Processed data is fully integrated into the published WDPA. Data obtained: 24 April 2012 Forest area (% of land area) Definition: Total forest area as percentage of total land area. Aggregation/imputation: Weighted averages using total land area as weight. Missing data are not imputed. Data Source: FAO Global Forest Resources Assessment. Data are provided by countries to FAO in response to a common questionnaire. Data obtained: 07 January 2011
Natural disasters
Natural disasters mortality (number per annum) Definition: The number of recorded deaths from natural disasters, expressed as number in a year or average number over period of years. Aggregation/imputation: Average of individual country values. Missing data are not imputed. Data Source: EM-DAT: Emergency Events Database. The database is based on various sources, including UN agencies, non-governmental organizations, insurance companies, research institutes and press agencies. Data obtained: 3 September 2012 People affected by natural disasters (millions per annum) Definition: Affected people are those requiring immediate assistance during an emergency including food, water, shelter, sanitation and immediate medical assistance. The definition includes cases of infectious disease introduced in a region or a population that is normally free from that disease, expressed as thousands in a year or average number in thousands over period of years. Aggregation/imputation: Average of individual country values. Missing data are not imputed. Data Source: EM-DAT: Emergency Events Database. The database is based on various sources, including UN agencies, non-governmental organizations, insurance companies, research institutes and press agencies. Data obtained: 3 September 2012 Economic damage from natural disasters (% of GDP) Definition: Economic consequences of a disaster, usually direct (e.g., damage to infrastructure, crops and housing) and indirect (e.g., loss of revenues, unemployment and market destabilization). In each case, the registered figure represents the value of damage at the moment of the event; i.e., the figures are true for the year of the event. Indicator calculations: Data are converted from millions of United States dollars to 2005 US dollars millions using Implicit Price deflators (NAMAD). The proportion of GDP is based on million United States dollar values from EM-DAT divided by GDP in current United States dollars. Aggregation/imputation: sum of the economic damage in million US dollars divided by the sum of GDP in million US dollars. Missing data are not imputed. Data Source: EM-DAT: Emergency Events Database. The database is based on various sources, including UN agencies, non-governmental organizations, insurance companies, research institutes and press agencies. Data obtained: 3 September 2012
Economic growth
Gross domestic product in current prices (billion US dollars) Definition: The total market value of all final goods and services produced within the national borders in a given period of time, expressed in the prices of the current reporting period; also known as nominal GDP. Aggregation/imputation: Sum of individual country values. Missing data are not imputed. Data Source: NAMAD. Individual country data are collected from national statistical offices of countries by UNSD in the United Nations National Account Questionnaire (UN-NAQ); data on countries and years that are missing from UN-NAQ are estimated by UNSD. Data obtained: 16 January 2012
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Average annual GDP (2005 US dollars) growth rate (% change per annum) Definition: Average annual growth rates are calculated as percentage change per annum of GDP at constant 2005 United States dollars. Gross domestic product is the total market value of all final goods and services produced within the national borders in a given period of time. Aggregation/imputation: The annual average growth rates of the aggregate values of GDP at constant 2005 United States dollar prices (% change per annum) are calculated as percentage change per annum of the derived sum total of all country-level data within each aggregation. The rates of change from year to the next are calculated as proportional changes from the earlier period. The rate of change over several years of the aggregates are calculated using the geometric growth model. Missing data are imputed. Data Source: NAMAD. Individual country data are collected from national statistical offices of countries by UNSD in the United Nations National Account Questionnaire (UN-NAQ); data on countries and years that are missing from UN-NAQ are estimated by UNSD. Data obtained: 9 January 2012 GDP per capita (2005 PPP dollars per capita) Definition: GDP per capita is calculated as the aggregate of production (GDP) divided by the population size based on WPP2010 and is expressed in constant 2005 PPP dollars per capita. Aggregation/imputation: Weighted averages using total population as weight. Missing data are not imputed. Data Source: WDI. National accounts data are compiled by the World Bank using OECD national accounts. The World Bank makes some adjustments to the data. Data obtained: 24 January 2012 Glossary: Purchasing power parity (PPP) is an international dollar has the same purchasing power as the U.S. dollar has in the United States. Costs in local currency units are converted to international dollars using purchasing power parity (PPP) exchange rates. A PPP exchange rate is the number of units of a country's currency required to buy the same amounts of goods and services in the domestic market as U.S. dollar would buy in the United States. An international dollar is, therefore, a hypothetical currency that is used as a means of translating and comparing costs from one country to the other using a common reference point, the US dollar. Gross domestic investment rate in current prices (% of GDP) Definition: Gross domestic investment rate is the sum of gross fixed capital formation and changes in inventories divided by the total GDP, calculated on GDP in national currencies and expressed as a percentage of GDP. Aggregation/imputation: Weighted averages using GDP in current United States dollars as weight. Missing data are not imputed. Data Source: NAMAD. Individual country data are collected from national statistical offices of countries by UNSD in the United Nations National Account Questionnaire (UN-NAQ); data on countries and years that are missing from UN-NAQ are estimated by UNSD. Data obtained: 16 January 2012 Value added by sector: Agriculture (billion 2005 US dollars) Definition: Generation of gross value added by the ISIC industrial classification of economic activity. Agriculture includes agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing. This is expressed in constant 2005 prices of the United States dollars. Aggregation/imputation: Sum of individual country values. Missing data are not imputed. Data Source: NAMAD. Individual country data are collected from national statistical offices of countries by UNSD -National Account Questionnaire (UN-NAQ); data on countries and years that are missing from UN-NAQ are estimated by UNSD. Data obtained: 9 January 2012 Value added by sector: Industry (billion 2005 US dollars) Definition: Generation of gross value added by the ISIC industrial classification of economic activity. Industry includes construction, mining, manufacturing and utilities. This is expressed in the constant 2005 prices of the United States dollars. Aggregation/imputation: Sum of individual country values. Missing data are not imputed. Data Source: NAMAD. Individual country data are collected from national statistical offices of countries by UNSD -National Account Questionnaire (UN-NAQ); data on countries and years that are missing from UN-NAQ are estimated by UNSD. Data obtained: 9 January 2012 Value added by sector: Services (billion 2005 US dollars) Definition: Generation of gross value added by the ISIC industrial classification of economic activity. Services include transport, storage and communication; wholesale, retail, restaurants, hotels and other types of enterprises. This is expressed in the constant 2005 prices of the United States dollars. Aggregation/imputation: Sum of individual country values. Missing data are not imputed. Data Source: NAMAD. Individual country data are collected from national statistical offices of countries by UNSD -National Account Questionnaire (UN-NAQ); data on countries and years that are missing from UNNAQ are estimated by UNSD. Data obtained: 9 January 2012
Fiscal balance
Government revenue (% of GDP) Definition: Total current and capital revenues received by the central Government. Aggregation/imputation: Weighted averages using GDP as weight. Missing data are not imputed. Data Source: Asian Development Bank, Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2011 (Manila, 2011). Data on government expenditures and revenue are mostly taken from country sources. The coverage of budget data is not standard throughout the region. Data provided by many economies refer only to the central government, but in other economies cover provincial and local governments. Data obtained: 03 February 2012
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Government expenditure (% of GDP) Definition: The sum of current and capital expenditures of the central Government. Aggregation/imputation: Weighted averages using GDP as weight. Missing data are not imputed. Data Source: Asian Development Bank, Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2011 (Manila, 2011). Data on government expenditures and revenue are mostly taken from country sources. The coverage of budget data is not standard throughout the region. Data provided by many economies refer only to the central government, but in other economies cover provincial and local governments. Data obtained: 03 February 2012.
Monetary measures
Inflation rate (% per annum) Definition: The rate of increase of the level of prices during a given period. It is the percentage change in the consumer price index between two points in time. Aggregation/imputation: Weighted averages using the household consumption expenditure component of the GDP as weight. Missing data are not imputed. Data Source: International Monetary Fund (IMF), International Financial Statistics available from http://elibrary-data.imf.org/. Inflation: The data series are compiled from reported versions of national indices. Variation is wide between countries and over time in the selection of base years, depending upon the availability of comprehensive benchmark data that permit an adequate review of weighting patterns. The series are linked by using ratio splicing at the first annual overlap; the linked series are shifted to a common base period 2005=100. Data obtained: 12 June 2012. Exchange rate (% change per annum) Definition: The average annual rate of change in the exchange rate of the national currency against the United States dollar for the period indicated. A positive value means that the national currency has weakened; a negative value indicates a stronger national currency. Aggregation/imputation: No aggregates calculated. Data Source: IMF maintains a database of official exchange rates from countries. Rates are normally provided as currency units per United States dollar to the IMF by the issuing central bank. Rates are normally reported for members whose currencies are used in IMF financial transactions. Data obtained: 12 June 2012
Labour
Employment-to-population ratio: total (% of population aged 15 and above) Definition: The proportion of the working-age of the total population that is employed. For most countries, the working-age population is defined as persons aged 15 and above, although that may vary slightly from country to country. Aggregation/imputation: ILO Employment Trends unit. Data Source: ILO, Key Indicators of the Labour Market (KILM), Seventh Edition (available from http://www.ilo.org/empelm/pubs/WCMS_114060/lang--en/index.htm). The ILO Employment Trends unit has designed and maintains three econometric models that are used in estimating labour market indicators of the countries and years for which no real data exist, disaggregated by sex and age. Information was derived from a variety of sources, including household or labour force surveys, official estimates and censuses provided by countries to the ILO. In a very few cases, information was derived from insurance records and establishment surveys. Data obtained: 16 July 2012 Employment-to-population ratio: male (% of males aged 15 and above) Definition: The proportion of the working-age male population that is employed. For most countries, the working-age population is defined as persons aged 15 and above, although that may vary slightly from country to country. Indicator calculations: Number of males employed divided by number of males aged 15 and above. Aggregation/imputation: ILO Employment Trends unit. Data Source: ILO, Key Indicators of the Labour Market (KILM), Seventh Edition (available from http://www.ilo.org/empelm/pubs/WCMS_114060/lang--en/index.htm). The ILO Employment Trends unit has designed and maintains three econometric models that are used in estimating labour market indicators of the countries and years for which no real data exist, disaggregated by sex and age. Information was derived from a variety of sources, including household or labour force surveys, official estimates and censuses provided by countries to the ILO. In a very few cases, information was derived from insurance records and establishment surveys. Data obtained: 16 July 2012. Employment-to-population ratio: female (% of females aged 15 and above) Definition: The proportion of the working-age female population that is employed. For most countries, the working-age population is defined as persons aged 15 and above, although that may vary slightly from country to country. Indicator calculations: Number of females employed divided by number of females aged 15 and above. Aggregation/imputation: ILO Employment Trends unit. Data Source: ILO, Key Indicators of the Labour Market (KILM), Seventh Edition (available from http://www.ilo.org/empelm/pubs/WCMS_114060/lang--en/index.htm). The ILO Employment Trends unit has designed and maintains three econometric models that are used in estimating labour market indicators of the countries and years for which no real data exist, disaggregated by sex and age. Information was derived from a variety of sources, including household or labour force surveys, official estimates and censuses provided by countries to the ILO. In a very few cases, information was derived from insurance records and establishment surveys. Data obtained: 16 July 2012. Unemployment rate, total (% of labour force) Definition: Persons of working age who, during the reference period, were without work, currently available for work and seeking work. National definitions and coverage of unemployment may vary. Aggregation/imputation: ILO Employment Trends unit. Data Source: ILO, Key Indicators of the Labour Market (KILM), Seventh Edition (available from
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http://www.ilo.org/empelm/pubs/WCMS_114060/lang--en/index.htm). The ILO Employment Trends unit has designed and maintains three econometric models that are used in estimating labour market indicators of the countries and years for which no real data exist, disaggregated by sex and age. Information was derived from a variety of sources, including household or labour force surveys, official estimates and censuses provided by countries to the ILO. In a very few cases, information was derived from insurance records and establishment surveys. Data obtained: 7 August 2012 Unemployment rate, females/males (% of female/male labour force) Definition: Females/males of working age who, during the reference period, were without work, currently available for work and seeking work. National definitions and coverage of unemployment may vary. Aggregation/imputation: ILO Employment Trends unit. Data Source: ILO, Key Indicators of the Labour Market (KILM), Seventh Edition (available from http://www.ilo.org/empelm/pubs/WCMS_114060/lang--en/index.htm). The ILO Employment Trends unit has designed and maintains three econometric models that are used in estimating labour market indicators of the countries and years for which no real data exist, disaggregated by sex and age. Information was derived from a variety of sources, including household or labour force surveys, official estimates and censuses provided by countries to the ILO. In a very few cases, information was derived from insurance records and establishment surveys. Data obtained: 7 August 2012. Youth unemployment rate, total, (% of labour force aged 15-24) Definition: Youth unemployment: The number of young persons aged 15-24 unemployed. Aggregation/imputation: ILO Employment Trends unit. Data Source: ILO, Key Indicators of the Labour Market (KILM), Seventh Edition (available from http://www.ilo.org/empelm/pubs/WCMS_114060/lang--en/index.htm). The ILO Employment Trends unit has designed and maintains three econometric models that are used in estimating labour market indicators of the countries and years for which no real data exist, disaggregated by sex and age. Information was derived from a variety of sources, including household or labour force surveys, official estimates and censuses provided by countries to the ILO. In a very few cases, information was derived from insurance records and establishment surveys. Data obtained: 8 August 2012 Agriculture employment (thousand people) Definition: Employment in agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing. Aggregation/imputation: ILO Employment Trends unit. Data Source: ILO, Key Indicators of the Labour Market (KILM), Seventh Edition (available from http://www.ilo.org/empelm/pubs/WCMS_114060/lang--en/index.htm). The ILO Employment Trends unit has designed and maintains three econometric models that are used in estimating labour market indicators of the countries and years for which no real data exist, disaggregated by sex and age. Information was derived from a variety of sources, including household or labour force surveys, official estimates and censuses provided by countries to the ILO. In a very few cases, information was derived from insurance records and establishment surveys. Data obtained: 27 June 2012 Industry employment (thousand people) Definition: Employment in mining and quarrying, manufacturing, construction and public utilities (electricity, gas and water). Aggregation/imputation: ILO Employment Trends unit. Data Source: ILO, Key Indicators of the Labour Market (KILM), Seventh Edition (available from http://www.ilo.org/empelm/pubs/WCMS_114060/lang--en/index.htm). The ILO Employment Trends unit has designed and maintains three econometric models that are used in estimating labour market indicators of the countries and years for which no real data exist, disaggregated by sex and age. Information was derived from a variety of sources, including household or labour force surveys, official estimates and censuses provided by countries to the ILO. In a very few cases, information was derived from insurance records and establishment surveys. Data obtained: 27 June 2012 Services employment (thousand people) Definition: Employment in wholesale and retail trade, restaurants and hotels, transport, storage and communications, finance, insurance, real estate and business services, and community, social and personal services. Aggregation/imputation: ILO Employment Trends unit. Data Source: ILO, Key Indicators of the Labour Market (KILM), Seventh Edition (available from http://www.ilo.org/empelm/pubs/WCMS_114060/lang--en/index.htm). The ILO Employment Trends unit has designed and maintains three econometric models that are used in estimating labour market indicators of the countries and years for which no real data exist, disaggregated by sex and age. Information was derived from a variety of sources, including household or labour force surveys, official estimates and censuses provided by countries to the ILO. In a very few cases, information was derived from insurance records and establishment surveys. Data obtained: 27 June 2012
Exports of merchandise (% of GDP) Definition: The sum of merchandise exports divided by the value of GDP. Aggregation/imputation: Weighted averages with GDP in current prices of the United States dollars. The GDP figures up to 2010 are sourced from UNSD National Accounts Main Aggregates Database. The 2011 figures are estimated by ESCAP using the GDP growth rate from World Development Indicators database: http://databank.worldbank.org/data/home.aspx. Missing data are not imputed. Data Source: World Trade Organization (WTO). Figures for total merchandise trade are largely derived from IMF, International Financial Statistics. WTO obtains data on merchandise trade by origin, destination and product from the Statistical Office of the European Communities (Eurostat) Comext database (data available from http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/newxtweb/mainxtnet.do); World Trade Atlas, the database of Global Trade Information Services, Inc. (accessible at http://www.gtis.com/english/GTIS_WTA.html); the United Nations Commodity Trade Statistics Database (COMTRADE; accessible at http://comtrade.un.org/db/); and other sources. Some inconsistencies are inevitable between sources in the aggregate export and import data of a particular country or territory, attributable to the use of different systems of recording
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trade, to the way in which IMF and UNSD have converted data expressed in national currencies into dollars, and to revisions which can be more readily incorporated in the IMF data. Data obtained: 8 August 2012. Imports of merchandise (% of GDP) Definition: The sum of merchandise imports divided by the value of GDP. Aggregation/imputation: Weighted averages with GDP in current prices of the United States dollars. The GDP figures up to 2010 are sourced from UNSD National Accounts Main Aggregates Database. The 2011 figures are estimated by ESCAP using the GDP growth rate from World Development Indicators database: http://databank.worldbank.org/data/home.aspx. Missing data are not imputed. Data Source: World Trade Organization (WTO). Figures for total merchandise trade are largely derived from IMF, International Financial Statistics. WTO obtains data on merchandise trade by origin, destination and product from the Statistical Office of the European Communities (Eurostat) Comext database (data available from http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/newxtweb/mainxtnet.do); World Trade Atlas, the database of Global Trade Information Services, Inc. (accessible at http://www.gtis.com/english/GTIS_WTA.html); the United Nations Commodity Trade Statistics Database (COMTRADE; accessible at http://comtrade.un.org/db/); and other sources. Some inconsistencies are inevitable between sources in the aggregate export and import data of a particular country or territory, attributable to the use of different systems of recording trade, to the way in which IMF and UNSD have converted data expressed in national currencies into dollars, and to revisions which can be more readily incorporated in the IMF data. Data obtained: 8 August 2012. Export of services (% of GDP) Definition: The sum of services exports divided by the value of GDP. Aggregation/imputation: Weighted averages with GDP in current prices of the United States dollars. The GDP figures up to 2010 are sourced from UNSD National Accounts Main Aggregates Database. The 2011 figures are estimated by ESCAP using the GDP growth rate from World Development Indicators database: http://databank.worldbank.org/data/home.aspx. Missing data are not imputed. Data Source: Data from World Trade Organization (WTO). Figures for imports and exports of services are mainly drawn from the IMF Balance of Payments Statistics. For economies that do not report to the IMF data are drawn from national sources. Estimations for missing data are mainly based on national statistics. Figures on imports and exports of services by origin and destination are also derived from national statistics. The GDP figures up to 2010 are sourced from UNSD National Accounts Main Aggregates Database. The 2011 figures are estimated by ESCAP using the GDP growth rate from World Development Indicators database: http://databank.worldbank.org/data/home.aspx. Data obtained: 8 August 2012. Import of services (% of GDP) Definition: The sum of services imports divided by the value of GDP. Aggregation/imputation: Weighted averages with GDP in current prices of the United States dollars. The GDP figures up to 2010 are sourced from UNSD National Accounts Main Aggregates Database. The 2011 figures are estimated by ESCAP using the GDP growth rate from World Development Indicators database: http://databank.worldbank.org/data/home.aspx. Missing data are not imputed. Data Source: Data from World Trade Organization (WTO). Figures for imports and exports of services are mainly drawn from the IMF Balance of Payments Statistics. For economies that do not report to the IMF data are drawn from national sources. Estimations for missing data are mainly based on national statistics. Figures on imports and exports of services by origin and destination are also derived from national statistics. The GDP figures up to 2010 are sourced from UNSD National Accounts Main Aggregates Database. The 2011 figures are estimated by ESCAP using the GDP growth rate from World Development Indicators database: http://databank.worldbank.org/data/home.aspx. Data obtained: 8 August 2012. FDI inflows (% of GDP) Definition: Capital provided (directly or through other related enterprises) by a foreign direct investor to an enterprise, or capital received by a foreign direct investor from an enterprise. FDI inflows comprise capital provided (directly or through other related enterprises) by a foreign direct investor to an enterprise in the reporting economy. Indicator calculations: Percentage of GDP figures are based on GDP in current United States dollars. Aggregation/imputation: Weighted averages using total GDP in United States dollars as weight. Missing data are not imputed. Data Source: United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), FDI Statistics (online database, accessible at http://unctadstat.unctad.org/ReportFolders/reportFolders.aspx). UNCTAD collects data through national compilers (such as central banks, various ministries and statistical offices). Data sources of FDI are complemented by corporate reports and information from the press. In the absence of primary sources, UNCTAD uses data from regional and international organizations or research institutions. Data are continually updated, depending on availability and resources. Data obtained: 24 July 2012. FDI outflows (% of GDP) Definition: Capital provided (directly or through other related enterprises) by a foreign direct investor to an enterprise, or capital received by a foreign direct investor from an enterprise. FDI outflows are capital received by a foreign direct investor from entities resident in the reporting economy. Indicator calculations: Percentage of GDP figures are based on GDP in current United States dollars. Aggregation/imputation: Weighted averages using total GDP in United States dollars as weight. Missing data are not imputed. Data Source: United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), FDI Statistics (online database, accessible at http://unctadstat.unctad.org/ReportFolders/reportFolders.aspx). UNCTAD collects data through national compilers (such as central banks, various ministries and statistical offices). Data sources of FDI are complemented by corporate reports and information from the press. In the absence of primary sources, UNCTAD uses data from regional and international organizations or research institutions. Data are continually updated, depending on availability and resources. Data obtained: 24 July 2012.
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Glossary: Foreign direct investment (FDI) includes the three components of equity capital, reinvested earnings and intra-company loans. (1) Equity capital is the foreign direct investors purchase of shares of an enterprise in a country other than that of its residence. (2) Reinvested earnings comprise the direct investors share (in proportion to direct equity participation) of earnings not distributed as dividends by affiliates or earnings not remitted to the direct investor. Such retained profits by affiliates are reinvested. (3) Intra-company loans or intra-company debt transactions refer to short- or long-term borrowing and lending of funds between direct investors (parent enterprises) and affiliate enterprises. Ownership or control of less than 10% of a business is not considered to be FDI. ODA received (% of GDP) Definition: The amount of official development assistance (ODA) received in grants and loans during the reporting period, expressed as a percentage of GDP. Indicator calculations: Percentage of GDP figures are based on GDP in current United States dollars. Aggregation/imputation: Weighted average using GDP in United States dollars as weight. Data Source: OECD, Development Database on Aid from DAC Members (online database accessible at www.oecd.org/document/33/0,2340,en_2649_34447_36661793_1_1_1_1,00.html). The Development Assistance Committee (DAC) publishes statistics and reports on aid and other resource flows to developing countries, based principally on reporting by DAC members, multilateral organizations and other donors. Data obtained: 13 January 2012 Workers remittances received (% of GDP) Definition: Comprise current transfers by migrants who are employed in their host countries and considered residents there (i.e. who have stayed or are expected to stay for one year or longer). Indicator calculations: Percentage of GDP figures are based on GDP in current United States dollars. Aggregation/imputation: Weighted average using GDP in United States dollars as weight. Data Source: IMF, Balance of Payments Statistics (CD-ROM May 2012) . IMF balance of payments data are presented in accordance with the standard components of the fifth edition of the Balance of Payments Manual (BPM5; available at www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/bopman/bopman.pdf). IMF data conversion work has made possible the presentation in the BPM5 format of both historical data and more recent statistics reported by member countries. All balance of payments data are expressed in United States dollars. The database includes IMF country reports with data in national currencies or SDRs in addition to the dollar equivalents . IMF provides estimates in place of missing data. The estimation procedure relies largely on the World Economic Outlook Database. Data obtained: 24 August 2012. Net external debt (% of GDP) Definition: The outstanding net amount of those current, and not contingent, liabilities owed to non-residents by residents of an economy that require payments either of principal and/or interest by the debtor at some point in the future. Residents comprise the general government, individuals, private non-profit bodies and enterprises. Indicator calculations: Percentage of GDP figures are based on GDP in current United States dollars. Aggregation/imputation: Weighted averages using GDP in United States dollars as weight. Missing data are not imputed. Data Source: The World Bank, World Development Indicator. The World Bank compiles country-level debt data. Data obtained: 17 August 2012. Intraregional export share (percentage) Definition: The proportion of merchandise exports destined to the Asia-Pacific region in the total merchandise exports (percentage). The values of the index can range from 0 to 100%. Aggregation/imputation: The share of exports divided by the sum of total exports. Missing data are imputed. Data Source: Comtrade. UNSD receives reports of individual country values from countries and makes no adjustments. Data obtained: 28 August 2012 Intraregional import share (percentage) Definition: The proportion of merchandise imports sourced from the Asia-Pacific region in total merchandise imports (percentage). The values of the index can range from 0 to 100%. Aggregation/imputation: The share of imports divided by the sum of total imports. Missing data are imputed. Data Source: Comtrade. UNSD receives reports of individual country values from countries and makes no adjustments. Data obtained: 28 August 2012
Connectivity
Fixed telephone subscriptions (per 100 population) Definition: It refers to the sum of active number of analogue fixed-telephone lines, voice-over-IP (VoIP) subscriptions, fixed wireless local loop (WLL) subscriptions, ISDN voice-channel equivalents and fixed public payphones. It refers to all accesses over fixed infrastructure that provide voice telephony, including telephone lines using copper wire and voice services using IP delivered over fixed (wired)-broadband infrastructure, for example digital subscriber line (DSL), fibre optic and coaxial cable television networks (cable modem). It also includes fixed WLL connections, which are defined as services provided by licensed fixed-line telephone operators that provide last-mile access to the subscriber using radio technology (the call being subsequently routed over a fixed-line telephone network and not a mobile-cellular network). It includes both postpaid and prepaid subscriptions. If prepaid, the fixed-telephone subscription should be active, i.e. used at least once in the last three months. It should include data from all licensed fixed-telephone line providers. In the case of VoIP, it should include all operators that have been licensed to provide IP telephony, provided that the service includes a subscriber telephone number, allows the ability to place and receive calls at any time and does not require a computer. Both residential and business subscriptions should be included. Fixed telephone subscriptions per 100 population is calculated by dividing the number of fixed telephone lines by the population and multiplying by 100. Aggregation/imputation: Weighted averages using total population as weight. Missing data are not imputed. Data Source: International Telecommunication Union (ITU),
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World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators Database. ITU collects individual country values from an annual questionnaire sent to government telecommunications/ICT agencies and provides estimates of data on countries and years that are missing from the survey. Data obtained: 20 July 2012 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 population) Definition: It refers to the number of subscriptions to a public mobile-telephone service that provide access to the PSTN using cellular technology. The indicator includes (and is split into) the number of postpaid subscriptions, and the number of active prepaid accounts (i.e. that have been used during the last three months). The indicator applies to all mobile-cellular subscriptions that offer voice communications. It excludes subscriptions via data cards or USB modems, subscriptions to public mobile data services, private trunked mobile radio, telepoint, radio paging and telemetry services. Mobile cellular subscriptions per 100 population is calculated by dividing the number of fixed telephone lines by the population and multiplying by 100. Aggregation/imputation: Weighted averages using total population as weight. Missing data are not imputed. Data Source: International Telecommunication Union (ITU), World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators Database. ITU collects individual country values from an annual questionnaire sent to government telecommunications/ICT agencies and provides estimates of data on countries and years that are missing from the survey. Data obtained: 20 July 2012 Internet users (per 100 population) Definition: The estimated number of Internet users of the total population, including those using the Internet from any device (e.g., mobile phones) during the preceding 12 months. Internet users per 100 population is calculated by dividing the number of fixed telephone lines by the population and multiplying by 100. Aggregation/imputation: Weighted averages using total population as weight. Missing data are not imputed. Data Source: International Telecommunication Union (ITU), World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators Database. ITU collects individual country values from an annual questionnaire sent to government telecommunications/ICT agencies and provides estimates of data on countries and years that are missing from the survey. Data obtained: 20 July 2012 Fixed broadband internet subscribers (per 100 population) Definition: It refers to subscriptions to high-speed access to the public Internet (a TCP/IP connection), at downstream speeds equal to, or greater than, 256 kbit/s. This includes cable modem, DSL, fibre-to-the-home/building and other fixed (wired)broadband subscriptions. This total is measured irrespective of the method of payment. It excludes subscriptions that have access to data communications (including the Internet) via mobile-cellular networks and technologies listed under the wireless-broadband category. Fixed (wired)-broadband subscribers per 100 population is calculated by dividing the number of fixed telephone lines by the population and multiplying by 100. Aggregation/imputation: Weighted averages using total population as weight. Missing data are not imputed. Data Source: International Telecommunication Union (ITU), World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators Database. ITU collects individual country values from an annual questionnaire sent to government telecommunications/ICT agencies and provides estimates of data on countries and years that are missing from the survey. Data obtained: 20 July 2012 Railway density (km of railway per 1,000 km2 land area) Definition: The length of rail lines divided by the land area expressed in 1,000 kilometres. Rail lines are the length of railway route available for train service measured in kilometres, irrespective of the number of parallel tracks. Total road network divided by the land area. Aggregation/imputation: Weighted averages using land area as weight. Missing data are imputed. Data Source: WDI. Railway data come from the International Union of Railways (www.uic.org/). Road and passenger car data come from the International Road Federation, World Road Statistics (accessible at www.irfnet.org/statistics.php) and data files. Data obtained: 7 August 2012 Road density (km of road per 1,000 km2 land area) Definition: Total road network includes motorways, highways, main or national roads, secondary or regional roads, and all other roads measured in kilometres in a country. Total road network divided by the land area. Aggregation/imputation: Weighted averages using land area as weight. Missing data are imputed. Data Source: WDI. Road and passenger car data come from the International Road Federation, World Road Statistics (accessible at www.irfnet.org/statistics.php) and data files. Data obtained: 7 August2012 Paved roads (% of roads) Definition: The share of roads surfaced with crushed stone (macadam) and hydrocarbon binder or bituminized agents, concrete or cobblestones, expressed as a percentage of the length of all roads. Total paved roads divided by the total road network. Aggregation/imputation: No aggregates calculated. Data Source: WDI. Road and passenger car data come from the International Road Federation, World Road Statistics (accessible at www.irfnet.org/statistics.php) and data files. Data obtained: 7 August 2012 Passenger cars (per 1,000 population) Definition: Road motor vehicles designed for the conveyance of passengers and seating not more than nine persons, including the driver. Taxies, jeep-type vehicles and station wagons are included. Special-purpose vehicles, such as two- or three-wheeled cycles or motorcycles, trams, trolley-buses, ambulances, hearses and military vehicles operated by police or other governmental security organizations, are excluded. Indicator calculations: Per 1,000 population figures are based on population figures (WPP2010). Aggregation/imputation: Weighted averages using total population as weight. Missing data are imputed. Data Source: WDI. Road and passenger car data come from the International Road Federation, World Road Statistics (accessible at www.irfnet.org/statistics.php) and data files. Data obtained: 7 August 2012 Road traffic deaths (per 100,000 population)
143

Definition: Deaths caused by traffic accidents during a given period: Per 100,000 population figures are based on population figures (WPP2010). Aggregation/imputation: Weighted averages using total population as weight. Missing data are not imputed. Data Source: WHO, Global Status Report on Road Safety: Time for Action (Geneva, 2009; available from http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2009/9789241563840_eng.pdf). The report is the first broad assessment of road safety in 178 countries, using data drawn from a standardized survey Data obtained: 13 October 2009 Transport sector CO2 emissions (tons per capita) Definition: Represents the values of CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion by the transport sector. Emissions are expressed in million tons of CO2 and calculated by OECD using IEA energy databases and the default methods and emissions factors from the Revised 1996 Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). International and domestic aviation includes emissions from aviation fuels delivered to aircraft for international aviation bunker and domestic aviation: commercial, private and agricultural, among others. It includes use for purposes other than flying; e.g., bench testing of engines, but not airline use of fuel for road transport. Regarding roads, it covers the emissions arising from fuel use in road vehicles, including the use of agricultural vehicles on highways. Regarding rail transport, it covers emission from rail traffic, including industrial railways. Aggregation/imputation: Sum of individual country values. Missing data are not imputed. Data Source: IEA. Courtries report to IEA through the OECD member site and non-OECD government site. The IEA secretariat does not adjust the data. Data obtained: 28 February 2012 Inbound tourism expenditure (% of GDP) Definition: The tourism expenditure of a non-resident visitor within the economy of reference. Percentage of GDP is based on GDP in current United States dollars. Aggregation/imputation: Weighted average using GDP in current United States dollars as weight. Missing data are not imputed. Data Source: UNWTO. Data come from country sources or IMF. Data obtained: 28 September 2012 Outbound tourism expenditure (% of GDP) Definition: The tourism expenditure of a resident visitor outside the economy of reference. Percentage of GDP is based on GDP in current United States dollars. Aggregation/imputation: Weighted average using GDP in current United States dollars as weight. Missing data are not imputed. Data Source: UNWTO. Data come from country sources or IMF. Data obtained: 28 September 2012
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Statistical Methods
The methods of compiling data and metadata for this Yearbook, and of calculating the indicators and data aggregates, are described in the following sections. Compilation of data and metadata The Yearbook presents data of 58 regional ESCAP member countries compiled from United Nations agencies and other international sources. World, regional, subregional and economic aggregates are also presented, most of which are calculated by ESCAP. The regional ESCAP member countries include members and associate members of ESCAP that are geographically located in the Asia-Pacific region. The Yearbook contains data for selected years. Data for all available years may be accessed from the online database at http://www.unescap.org/stat/data/. Country-level data have been collected from international sources of official statistics. For each indicator, the definition and source of data, along with other metadata, is given in the technical notes section of the Yearbook. To collect the most recent available data for each indicator, ESCAP researches online and print publications, consults experts on specific indicators and monitors the release dates of international reports and databases. The Yearbook aims to present the most recent, internationally comparable data available as of 25 October 2012. In order to maximize comparability, high quality, internationally comparable data sources have been used. Nonetheless, differences in statistical methods may still exist across countries; and, while aiming for international comparability, ESCAP statisticians do not have specialised expertise in all the areas covered in the Yearbook and thus cannot ensure full comparability. The status of each data point, which specifies whether the original data source is (a) a country or (b) an international agency, is available in the online database. On the basis of the country-level data, ESCAP calculates: Additional indicators (growth rates, periods averages or data relative to the population, land area, economy, etc.);1 and Aggregates for the world, regions and subregions, and economic groupings of countries.2 Calculation of indicators The technical notes indicate whether the indicator was calculated by ESCAP or obtained from another international agency. The following types of calculations were performed in deriving indicator values. They are listed here in the order in which they are typically performed: imputation of land area; growth rates; ratios (such as per capita figures); percentages (such as percentage of GDP); constant price values using implicit price deflators; and period averages (such as five year averages). Imputation of land area A number of environment indicators are expressed as a percentage of total land area. To permit calculation and comparison of such indicators across countries and years, ESCAP completes the information for years where the source the FAO land area database does not contain a value. Land area is imputed using the value from the previous or following year. The margin of error is small because the land area of a country normally remains constant. If there is evidence that country borders
1 2
The following section on calculation of indicators describes the methodology in full. Not all aggregates are calculated by ESCAP; the following section on aggregation methods provides full details on aggregation methods. 145
have changed, the imputation is not completed. Calculations involving imputed land area are included in this Yearbook, although land areas themselves are only published online. Ratios and percentages Ratios are only displayed if data for the numerator is non-missing; and data for the denominator is non-missing and non-zero. Gender parity ratios, per capita figures and mortality rates are a few examples of ratios calculated by ESCAP. Indicators expressed as percentages (such as percentage of GDP, land area or population) are calculated following the same methodology as ratios. For the present Yearbook, per capita figures were calculated using the United Nations population database World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision (WPP2010) and GDP figures were calculated using the United Nations Statistical Division National Accounts Main Aggregates Database (NAMAD). Growth rates Growth rates are presented as percentage change per annum. Where annual data are measured in absolute terms, the rates of change from one year to the next are calculated as proportional changes from the earlier period. Rates of change over several years are calculated using the geometric growth model. The geometric growth rate uses discrete compounding. Where the underlying data are measured in levels, the formula for the average annual percentage change in indicator P over n periods is r = [(Pn /P1)1/n 1] 100. Constant price values using implicit price deflators Implicit price deflators with a 2005 base, from NAMAD, are used in converting current price data to constant 2005 prices, as follows:
Where
is the 2005 constant price value for year t; Ct is the current price value for year t; and
It 2005 is the 2005 implicit price deflator for year t. Country names and groupings Asia and the Pacific in this Yearbook refers to the 58 regional members and associate members of the Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific. The 58 regional members and associate members are referred to as countries throughout the Yearbook even though some territories which are not countries are included. Some countries referred to by a shortened version of their official name in tables and charts, as indicated in brackets in the listing below. Asia-Pacific subregions By geographic subregion, the countries and areas of Asia and the Pacific are: East and North-East Asia (ENEA): China; Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea (DPR Korea); Hong Kong, China; Japan; Macao, China; Mongolia; Republic of Korea.
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South-East Asia (SEA): Brunei Darussalam; Cambodia; Indonesia; Lao Peoples Democratic Republic (Lao PDR); Malaysia; Myanmar; the Philippines; Singapore; Thailand; Timor-Leste; Viet Nam. South and South-West Asia (SSWA): Afghanistan; Bangladesh; Bhutan; India; the Islamic Republic of Iran; Maldives; Nepal; Pakistan; Sri Lanka; Turkey. North and Central Asia (NCA): Armenia; Azerbaijan; Georgia; Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; the Russian Federation; Tajikistan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan. Pacific: American Samoa; Australia; Cook Islands; Fiji; French Polynesia; Guam; Kiribati; Marshall Islands; Micronesia, Federated States of (Micronesia (F.S.)); Nauru; New Caledonia; New Zealand; Niue; Northern Mariana Islands (Northern Mariana Is.); Palau; Papua New Guinea; Samoa; Solomon Islands; Tonga; Tuvalu; Vanuatu. Economic groupings The classification of countries into income groups is from the World Bank. The World Bank divides countries according to their 2009 gross national income (GNI) per capita, calculated using the World Bank Atlas method. Group classifications are: low income ($995 or less); lower-middle income ($9963,945); upper-middle income ($3,946-12,195); and high income ($12,196 or more). Low-income countries: Afghanistan; Bangladesh; Cambodia; Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea; Kyrgyzstan; Lao Peoples Democratic Republic; Myanmar; Nepal; Solomon Islands; Tajikistan. Lower middle-income countries: Armenia; Bhutan; China; Georgia; India; Indonesia; Kiribati; Maldives; Marshall Islands; Micronesia (Federated States of); Mongolia; Pakistan; Papua New Guinea; the Philippines; Samoa; Sri Lanka; Thailand; Timor-Leste; Tonga; Uzbekistan; Vanuatu; Viet Nam. Upper middle-income countries: American Samoa; Azerbaijan; Fiji; the Islamic Republic of Iran; Kazakhstan; Malaysia; Palau; the Russian Federation; Turkey. Turkmenistan; Tuvalu; High-income countries: Australia; Brunei Darussalam; French Polynesia; Guam; Hong Kong, China; Japan; Macao, China; New Caledonia; New Zealand; Northern Mariana Islands; Republic of Korea; Singapore. Other Asia-Pacific groupings Within Asia and the Pacific, the following groupings are also used: Landlocked developing countries: (LLDC): Afghanistan; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Bhutan; Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; Lao Peoples Democratic Republic; Mongolia; Nepal; Tajikistan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan. Least developed countries (LDC): Afghanistan; Bangladesh; Bhutan; Cambodia; Kiribati; Lao Peoples Democratic Republic; Maldives; Myanmar; Nepal; Samoa; Solomon Islands; Timor-Leste; Tuvalu; Vanuatu. Pacific island developing economies (PIDE): American Samoa; Cook Islands; Fiji; French Polynesia; Guam; Kiribati; Marshall Islands; Micronesia (Federated States of); Nauru; New Caledonia; Niue; Northern Mariana Islands; Palau; Papua New Guinea; Samoa; Solomon Islands; Tonga; Tuvalu; Vanuatu.
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Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN): Brunei Darussalam; Cambodia; Indonesia; Lao Peoples Democratic Republic; Malaysia; Myanmar; the Philippines; Singapore; Thailand; Viet Nam. Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO): Afghanistan; Azerbaijan; the Islamic Republic of Iran; Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; Pakistan; Tajikistan; Turkey; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan. South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC): Afghanistan; Bangladesh; Bhutan; India; Maldives; Nepal; Pakistan; Sri Lanka. Central Asia (C Asia): Armenia; Azerbaijan; Georgia; Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan. Regions of the world For comparative purposes, aggregates are also presented for the worlds major regions, as follows: Africa: Algeria; Angola; Benin; Botswana; Burkina Faso; Burundi; Cameroon; Cape Verde; Central African; Republic; Chad; Comoros; Congo; Cte dIvoire; Democratic Republic of the Congo; Djibouti; Egypt; Equatorial Guinea; Eritrea; Ethiopia; Gabon; Gambia; Ghana; Guinea; GuineaBissau; Kenya; Lesotho; Liberia; Libyan Arab Jamahiriya; Madagascar; Malawi; Mali; Mauritania; Mauritius; Mayotte (France); Morocco; Mozambique; Namibia; Niger; Nigeria; Runion (France); Rwanda; Saint Helena; So Tom and Prncipe; Senegal; Seychelles; Sierra Leone; Somalia; South Africa; South Sudan; Sudan; Swaziland; Tanzania (United Republic of ); Togo; Tunisia; Uganda; Western Sahara; Zambia; Zimbabwe. Asia-Pacific region: As described above Latin America and Caribbean (LAC): Anguilla; Antigua and Barbuda; Argentina; Aruba; Bahamas; Barbados; Belize; Bolivia; Brazil; British Virgin Islands; Cayman Islands; Chile; Colombia; Costa Rica; Cuba; Dominica; Dominican Republic; Ecuador; El Salvador; Falkland Islands (Malvinas); French Guiana; Grenada; Guadeloupe; Guatemala; Guyana; Haiti; Honduras; Jamaica; Martinique; Mexico; Montserrat; Netherlands Antilles; Nicaragua; Panama; Paraguay; Peru; Puerto Rico; Saint Kitts and Nevis; Saint Lucia; Saint Vincent and the Grenadines; Suriname; Trinidad and Tobago; Turks and Caicos Islands; United States Virgin Islands; Uruguay; Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of ). North America (N Am): Bermuda; Canada; Greenland; Saint Pierre and Miquelon; United States. Europe: Albania; Andorra; Ascension; Austria; Belarus; Belgium; Bosnia and Herzegovina; Bulgaria; Channel Islands; Croatia; Cyprus; Czech Republic; Denmark; Estonia; Faeroe Islands; Finland; France; Germany; Gibraltar; Greece; Guernsey; Holy See; Hungary; Iceland; Ireland; Isle of Man; Italy; Jersey; Kosovo; Latvia; Liechtenstein; Lithuania; Luxembourg; Malta; Monaco; Montenegro; Netherlands; Norway; Poland; Portugal; Republic of Moldova; Romania; San Marino; Serbia; Slovakia; Slovenia; Spain; Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands; Sweden; Switzerland; [the former] Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia; Ukraine; United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Other countries or areas: Bahrain; Iraq; Israel; Jordan; Kuwait; Lebanon; Norfolk Island; Occupied Palestinian Territories; Oman; Pitcairn; Qatar; Saudi Arabia; Syrian Arab Republic; Taiwan Province of China; Tokelau; United Arab Emirates; Wallis and Futuna Islands; Yemen. Aggregation methods Aggregate values are presented for subregional, regional, special economic and world groupings (as per the groupings above). World aggregates are taken directly from the data source when available. Subregional, regional, and economic groupings are calculated using ESCAP country groupings to ensure consistency throughout the Yearbook.
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Some aggregates have been calculated by agencies responsible for the compilation and production of indicators under their area of expertise. These include some education indicators (aggregates calculated by UIS/UNESCO), some employment indicators (aggregates calculated by ILO), and all tourism indicators (aggregates calculated by UNWTO). In such cases, the methodology may differ from the methods described below, additional information can be obtained from the respective agencies. When aggregates are not calculated by ESCAP, the source is indicated in the technical notes. The calculation of aggregates involves three steps: (1) determining whether enough data are available (at least two thirds of the population for social indicators, and at least two thirds of GDP for economic indicators); (2) imputing missing values (not employed for all indicators); and (3) calculating the aggregate sum or weighted average. For Millennium Development Goals (MDG) indicators, in addition to aggregate values, the aggregate affected populations are also calculated following the methodology described in the Asia-Pacific MDG Report 2011/12 (http:// www.unescap.org/stat/statpub/mdg-progressclassification). 1: Determining whether enough data are available: the two-thirds test To ensure that aggregates are representative, an aggregate is only calculated for a given year if the population (for social indicators) or the GDP (for economic indicators) of countries with available values for that year covers more than two thirds of the total population or GDP of the group of countries under consideration. As population data (including 2010 data) and GDP data (up to 2009) are available for all United Nations member states, the test for two thirds of the total population or GDP can be applied to all indicators in the Yearbook. For data not expected to be available for every country (such as official development assistance [ODA], which is only received by specific developing countries), a slight modification of the above methodology is used. The two-thirds test is applied to the group of countries for which data are expected to be non-missing (such as recurrent ODA recipients). 2: Imputing missing values If an indicator has passed the two-thirds test, but values are missing for some countries, then the missing country data may be imputed to present a more realistic aggregate (the technical notes specifies if missing values are imputed or not). Imputed values are only used in the calculation of aggregates; they are not published online or in print (with the exception of land area). Two methodologies are applied for imputations: one for MDG indicators, and another for non-MDG indicators, as described below. 2a: Imputation methods: MDG indicators For MDG indicators, missing values are imputed on the basis of the trend; however, if progress is negative, the latest available value is carried forward for future values. For a full description of the methods, see the Asia-Pacific MDG Report 2011/12 (http://www.unescap.org/stat/statpub/mdgprogress-classification). 2b: Imputation methods: non-MDG indicators For non-MDG indicators, missing country values are imputed using the following methodology (1) If values are available for both a preceding and a following year, missing values are imputed using linear interpolation (2) If a preceding value is available but not a following value, the most recent year of data is carried forward. (3) If a following value is available but not a preceding value, the most recent year of data is carried backward.
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(4) For countries with only one data point for the whole period, that value is used for all missing years. (5) If no data exist for any year for a country, no value is imputed. (Information from other countries is never used in imputing missing values.) 3: Calculating aggregate sums and weighted averages Two types of aggregates are used in the Yearbook: straight sums and weighted averages. For calculated indicators, aggregates are based on the original indicator (as opposed to calculating the aggregate based on other aggregates). If the aggregate is a sum, then the aggregate data are derived by finding the sum total of all countrylevel data within each aggregation group. If the aggregate is a weighted average, then the aggregate data are derived by finding the weighted average of all data within each aggregation group. Weights have been determined by ESCAP for each indicator and are included in the technical notes. The weights are not imputed; if the weight is missing, then the country-level data for that country are not included. For ratios, denominators are used as weights.
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UN Statistical Yearbook For Asia and The Pacific 2012

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STATISTICAL YEARBOOK FOR ASIA AND THE PACIFIC

Statistical Yearbook for Asia and the Pacific 2012

Statistical Yearbook for Asia and the Pacific 2012

Statistical Yearbook for Asia and the Pacific 2012

Statistical Yearbook for Asia and the Pacific 2012

Statistical Yearbook for Asia and the Pacific 2012

Statistical Yearbook for Asia and the Pacific 2012

Statistical Yearbook for Asia and the Pacific 2012

Asia-Pacific development 2012

Did you know?

The elderly numbered 301 million in the Asia-Pacific region in 2011...

In 2010, the Asia-Pacific region was host to 53 million international migrants...

Statistical Yearbook for Asia and the Pacific 2012

Malaria affected 10.6 million people in the Asia-Pacific region in 2010...

Statistical Yearbook for Asia and the Pacific 2012

Statistical Yearbook for Asia and the Pacific 2012

Statistical Yearbook for Asia and the Pacific 2012

Employment is higher for men than women...

Statistical Yearbook for Asia and the Pacific 2012

Statistical Yearbook for Asia and the Pacific 2012

Statistical Yearbook for Asia and the Pacific 2012

Gender disparity in education Ratio of female to male enrolment rates

Births attended by skilled health personnel

Public expenditure on education as % of GDP, as % of total government expenditure,

Pupils per teacher

Annual population growth rate, 19902011

Pupils to teacher ratio, 19902010

15 2 0 1990 2000 2010 % of GDP 10

Total health expenditure, 19952010

Population age structure, 1990 and 2011

Poverty & inequalities

Air pollution and climate change

CO2 emissions per capita, 19902011

Value added by sector

Internet users, 20002011

Fixed broadband internet subscribers, 20002011

Water withdrawal by sector, 2000

Industry 0.6 % Domestic use 0.7 %

64.6 29.3 21.0 36.3

Energy consumption by sector, 19902009

Employment by sector, 19902010

Transport sector CO2 emissions per capita, 19902009

1990 2009 Industry

1990 2009 Transport

1990 2009 Residential

Inbound tourism expenditure (% of GDP), Outbound tourism expenditure (% of GDP),

Forest area, 19902011

120 100 Percentage 80 60 40 20

Intraregional imports and exports shares, 19902011

Gender disparity in education Ratio of female to male enrolment rates

Births attended by skilled health personnel

Pupils to teacher ratio, 19902010

Annual population growth rate, 19902011

Total health expenditure, 19952010

in secondary education No data available

Population age structure, 1990 and 2011

Poverty & inequalities

Air pollution and climate change

Value added by sector CO2 emissions per capita, 19902011

Internet users, 20002011

No data available No data available

Fixed broadband internet subscribers, 20002011