Republic of the Philippines Capiz State University Main Campus Roxas City COLLEGE OF EDUCATION 2nd Semester 2012-2013

Lit-417 Statistics for Physical Science Sherry B. Mariano BSED-4B Reporter Mrs. Selfa D. Umiten Professor

Rules of Probability
Addition Rule of Mutually Exclusive Events Mutually exclusive events- are events that cannot occur together. Addition Rule No. 1: When two events, A and B, are mutually exclusive, the probability that A will occur is the sum of the probability of each event. P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) Example: A single 6-sided dice is rolled. What is the probability of rolling a 2 or a 5? Solution: P (2) = P (5) = P (2 or 5) = P (2) + P (5) = + = = or .33 Addition Rule of Non-Mutually Exclusive Events Non-Mutually exclusive events- are events that can occur together. Addition Rule No. 2: When two events, A and B, are non-mutually exclusive, the probability that A or B will occur is: P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) P(A and B) Example: In math class of 30 students, 17 are boys and 13 are girls. On a unit test, 4 boys and 5 girls made an A grade. If a student is chosen at random from the class, what is the probability of choosing a girl or an A student? Solution: P (girl or A) = P(girl) + P(A) P(girl and A) BSED-Physical Science 2012-2013

= = or .57

Dependent Events - two events are dependent if the outcome or occurrence of the first effect the outcome or occurrence of the second so that the probability is changed. Multiplicative Rule of Dependent Events When two events, A and B, are dependent, the probability of both occurring is: P(A and B) = P(A) * P(A and B) Example: Mr. Ampater needs two students to help him with science demonstrations for his class of 18 girls and 12 boys. He randomly chooses one students who comes to front of the room. He then chooses the student who is still seated. What is the probability that both students chosen are girls? Solution: P(girl 1 and girl 2) = P(girl 1) and P(girl 2/girl 2) = * = = or .35

Multiplicative Rule of Independent Events Independents Events - two events are independent events if the occurrence and non-occurrence of one has no influence on the occurrence or non-occurrence of the other.

When two events, A and B, are independent, the probability of both occurring is: P(A and B) = P(A) * P(B) Example: An office buiding has two fire detectors. The probability is .2 that any fire detector of this type will fail to go off during a fire. Find the probability that both of these fire detectors will fail to go off in case of a fire. Solution: A = the first fire detector to go off during a fire B = the second fire detector fails to go off during a fire P(A and B) = P(A)P(B) = (.2)(.2) = .0004

BSED-Physical Science 2012-2013

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Date: ______________ Score: ____________

Quiz
RULES OF PROBABILITY
Direction: Show the solution of the following problems. A. Given that A and B are two mutually exclusive events, find P(A or B) for the following: a. P(A) = .47 and P(B) = .32

b. P(A) = .16 and P(B) = .59

B. Non-mutually exclusive events: In a group of 2500 persons, 1400 are female, 600 are vegetarian, and 400 are female and vegetarian. What is the probability that a randomly selected person from this group is a male or vegetarian?

C. The probability that a patient is allergic to penicillin is .30. Suppose this drug is administered to three patients. a. Find the probability that all three of them are allergic to it.

BSED-Physical Science 2012-2013