SIRAT E - HABIBULLAH

(peace be upon him)

A short and easy to read biography of the Holy Prophet Muhmmad (PBUH). From Birth to Youth, Family Life, Prophethood, Preaching, Hijra, Battles, Treaties, The Last Sermon, Noble Character and Heavenly abode.

By: Dr. Yamin Hidayatullah Memon (MBA)

This book is dedicated to the holy prophet Muhammad Habibullah

(Sallallahu Alayhi Wassalam)

PREFACE: Habibullah (pbuh) means Allah the almightys most loved person. There are millions of pages of literature available on this subject i.e. The Biography or Sirat of the Holy Prophet Muhmmad (Peace Be Upon Him). The aim of this humble effort of writing this book is to provide information about the Holy Prophet Muhmmad (Peace Be Upon Him). To the extent possible I have tried to give information in simple English and easy to read ready reckoner type format. Each and every detail on this vast subject can not be accommodated in such a small book. All care has been taken in writing this book. Even after taking this much care if any error is found I humbly apologize from the Allah (Subhanhu Wa Tala) and the Holy Prophet Muhmmad (Sallallahu

Alayhi Wassalam). Readers of this book are requested to recite the terms showing respect after the names of the holy personalities of Islam. For example, after the name the Holy Prophet Muhmmad say Peace Be Upon Him or PBUH or Sallallahu Alayhi Wassalam or S.A.W., after the name of Allah the almighty say Subhanhu Wa Tala or S.W.T.after the names of Companions or Sahaabaa recite Radiallahu Anhu i.e. R.A. After the names of angels Alayhissalam i.e. A.S. After the names of all the Prophets recite Alayhissalam i.e. A.S. or Peace Be Upon Him. Last but not least I am deeply indebted to my family members for helping me complete this book. Especially my wife, son and father Dr. Hidayatullah Alimohmmad Memon (MBBS) for his never ending support and guidance in my all writing endeavors especially this lucky one.

I want this book to be translated and in many other languages but due lack of finances I am compelled to keep it in machine translation form and not human translations in various other languages like French, Spanish, Russian etc. No part of this book can be published ,written or changed without written permission of the author, Readers feedback is welcome. You can mail me at yaminmemon@gmail.com.

Dr. YAMIN HIDAYATULLAH MEMON (MBA) 21, FAIZ-E-MOHMMADI PARK, OPP. PRACHINA SOCIETY, B/H. JAVED PARK, SARKHEJ ROAD, JUHAPURA, AHMEDABAD380055 (Gujarat-INDIA).

LIST OF THE TOPICS :

TOPICS: Arabs Before the spread of the light of Islam Life in Mecca Childhood in Mecca Wives and children Helping his wives Children Prophethood Muhmmad (P.B.U.H.)s Mission Muhmmad (P.B.U.H.)s Taif visit and mercifulness Return from Taif The events of thee Miraaj and the Israa Mockery by Pagans of Mecca

Hamza embraces Islam The Revelations Companions Hijra or The migration to Medina The torture and persecution But the truth prevails Wisdom of King Negus The Ruthless Boycott Quraish leaders were compelled to end the boycott The plot to assassinate Muhmmad (P.B.U.H.) The Hijra or the holy prophet Muhammads (pbuh) migration from Mecca to Medina (Hijra) The peace treaty for Medinans The Battles Ghazwah O! Father of Ibrahim The first fortunate ones who embraced Islam

Ten The last Sermon The Caliphs (R.A.) Blessed Companions (R.A.) of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) or Ashar E Mubashsharah (R.A.) Companions (R.A.) who were Writers of the holy Prophet Muhmmad (P.B.U.H.) The non Arab companions (R.A.) of the holy prophet Muhmmad (PBUH) The emerging global super power of those days Brief timeline about the life of the holy prophet Muhmmad (P.B.U.H.)

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Arabs Before the spread of the light of Islam: Due to harsh climatic and geographical conditions Arabain region was ihabitated by indigenous Arab tribes only barring frew pockets of Jews and Christians. These tribes were either Sedentary Bedouins or constantly travelling Nomades. Bedouins remained settled at one place while Nomades preferred travelling from one place to another with their families and livestock in search of water and food for cattle. Bedouins were involved in agriculture and trading activites. Side by side Nomades were indulging in raiding caravans of traders frequently. These raids were not considered as a crime

by these Nomades.

Before the dawn of Islam people of this region view gods and goddesses as their saviors and protectors. Each tribe had their own deity god or goddess. They used to associate and dedicate trees, wells, stones, water springs with these deities. Kaba has been the holy shrine of pilgrimage since time immemorial. Even this holy place housed 360 different idols of numerous gods and goddesses. Beside this idol worship Arabs of this region commonely believed in a supreme god called Allah. They believced that Allah is very much away from these daily chores of life. So he was not included in any of their cultist rituals.They had three main goddesses which were considered to be the daughters of Allah. These were Al-lt,

Al-Mant and Al-Uzz. At that time also there were monotheistic groups also living in this region. They werer Christians, Jews and the descendents of the holy prophet of past Ibrahim (pbuh) and Ismaeel (pbuh). The h oly prophet Muhmmad (pbuh)s tribal clan Hasmemites were also the descendents of the holy prophet Ismaeel (pbuh).

Life in Mecca: The holy Prophet Muhmmad (pbuh)s place of birth is the holy city of Mecca. From 570 to 622 (C.E.). He lived in Mecca. His Meccan life is in two phases one is before attaining the prophethood and after it. Childhood in Mecca: Muhmmad (pbuh)s date of birth

according to most historians is 12th date of the Muslim month of Rabi al-awwal in the year 570 (C.E.). He (pbuh) was from the one of the most influential families of Mecca known as Banu Hashim. According to some historians his year of birth is the year in which the Aksumite king of Yamen called Abraha invaded Mecca. This year is also known traditionally as the year of Elephants. Abraha had a large army of elephants. But he failed in his attempt to destroy Mecca especially the Holy Kabah.

The holy prophet (pbuh) became orphan: His (pbuh) father Abdullah died before his birth. As per the prevalent tradition of his tribe in those days after his birth he was handed over to a lady called Halima Sadiya (r.a.) for upbringing. She was a bedouin lady

living in desert with her tribe. During these years while Muhmmad (pbuh) stayed with them this Bedouin family witnessed some miracles of Muhmmad (pbuh). He (pbuh) stayed with this family till he was two years of age then he was called back to Mecca to live with his family. At the age of sixth year he lost his mother Amena (r.a.). During childhood only he became orphan. Then onwards he was brought up by his paternal grandfather Abd alMuttalib who was the chief of the Banu Hashim. This was a powerful clan of the Quraish tribe. At the age of eight years he (pbuh) lost his grandfather also.

Upbringing under the guardianship of his (pbuh) paternal uncle: Now he (pbuh) was brought up by his uncle Abu Talib. At the same time Abu Talib was the successor of his

father and new leader of the Banu Hashim. During his teen age he started accompanying his uncle Abu Talib during his journeys from Mecca to Syria for trading. During his journeys he learned commerce and trade. Trade tours to Syria and a Monk Bahira: One day while on their tour to Syria a Christian monk met Muhmmad (pbuh) whose name was Bahira. He recognized some signs and miracles of Muhmmad (pbuh) and foretold to Muhmmad (pbuh) that he will become a prophet. During his youth he became an experienced merchant trading between Indian and Mediterranean oceans.

Experienced Merachant and the title

of Sadiq al Ameen: In his dealings he was so honest that people gave him the nick name Sadiq- Al-amin the meaning of which is impartial, arbitrator, truthful and faithful, honest and trust worthy. On some occasions he worked as a trader for a rich business lady of Mecca whose name was Khadija (r.a.). Khadija was a widow having a son named Anas (r.a.). Marriage proposal from Khadija (r.a.): Khadija heard of Muhmmad (pbuh)s piety and reputation. She sent marriage proposal to Muhmmad (pbuh). Muhmmad (pbuh) agreed to her proposal and married her in 595 (C.E). Their marriage is an example of an ideal muslim happy marriage. Wives and children: List of the names of the holy wives (r.a.) of the Prophet Muhammad

(S.A.W.): (Also known as Ummhat-alMumineen R.A.) 1. Khadijah bint Khuwaylid 2. Sawada bint Zam'a 3. Aishah Siddiqa bint Abu Bakr 4. Hafsa bint 'Umar 5. Zaynab bint Khuzayma 6. Umm e Salama Hind bint Abi Umayya 7. Zaynab bint Jahsh 8. Juwariyah bint e Harith 9. Umm e Habiba Ramallah bint e Abu Sufiyan 10. Safiyya bint Huyayy 11. Maymuna bint al-Harith 12. Maria al-Qibtiyya The Holy Wives (R.A.) of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH): During the years of the battles the holy prophet Muhmmad (pbuh) married some women. These marriages took place between his fifty sixth year to the sixtieth year of

life. During last four years of his life he did not enter into any marriage. During these last years he had revelations from Allah (s.w.t.) which limited the number of wives. This limitation fixed that one single time a Muslims can not have more than four wives (alive). Never before in the history of the mankind had the number of wives and the code of conduct for married people was imposed. The holy prophet Muhmmad (P.B.U.H.) was the first prophet who was given the clear and specific instructions in the form of code of conduct and number of wives. With this revelation the holy prophet Muhmmad (P.B.U.H.) was instructed that he should not divorce any of his wives after this revelation (Ref.: Quran33:52). Except Aishah (R.A.) all these ladies who were his wives were either widowed or divorced. Umm-e- Salamas (R.A.) husband had got martyred during the Battle of Uhud in 525 (C.E.) When the holy

prophet Muhmmad (P.B.U.H.) sent her the proposal for marrying her she replied: O holy Messenger of God, I have three weaknesses. I feel very jealous women, and I am afraid this might cause me to do things that you dislike. Another one is that, I am an old woman and the last one is I have many children. The holy prophet Muhmmad (pbuh) very politely replied: Regarding your jealousy, I pray to Allah (s.w.t.) to remove it from you. As for your age, we are similar in age. As for the children, your children are mine. This resulted in mutual agreement. They got married. In the year 628 (C.E.). King Negus of Abyssinia solemnized the prophet Muhmmad (pbuh)s marriage with Umm-e-Habiba (r.a.) in proxy. Other two wives of the holy prophet Muhmmad (pbuh) were prisoners of war. Both of them were the daughters of the leaders of their respective tribes. They were Safiyah (r.a.) and Juwariyah (r.a.). Both of

these pious ladies were set free by the holy prophet Muhmmad (P.B.U.H.). As they got freedom they happily embraced Islam. They were glad to marry the holy prophet Muhmmad (P.B.U.H.). All the marriages by the holy prophet Muhmmad (P.B.U.H.) provided shelter and security to women who were either old, widow, lonely, unmarried or unmarried and without protection. By all his marriages he propagated various teachings of Islam. The holy wives of the holy prophet Muhmmad (P.B.U.H.) are considered and addressed by the title the mothers of the Muslims (Ref.: Quran Chapter 33 Verse 6, 53). These pious ladies are a brilliant example of ideal Muslim women. All these mothers of Muslims contributed in preserving and transmitting sayings of the holy prophet Muhmmad (P.B.U.H.) which are known as Ahaadith. The most remarkable contribution in this field is by Aisha

(R.A.) the youngest of these pious ladies. Abdullah ibn Jafar reported that he heard Sayyidina Ali say in Kufa that Allah's Messenger, (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said, "The best of the women of her time was Mariyam, daughter of Imran, and the best of the women of her time was Khadijah, daughter of Khuwaylid." Is it not a great honor that the first person to embrace Islam was a woman? She was the first to bear witness that there is no god except Allah and that her husband was the Messenger of Allah. Her husband was our beloved Prophet Muhammad, (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) and she was called Khadijah, (may Allah be pleased with her) She was also called Tahira, meaning 'pure'. Prophet Muhammad (pbuh)s life is defined into two phases. The first one is before the Hijra (Migration to Medina) from 570 (C.E.) to 622 (C.E.) He had total 11 wives. Two of his marriages were after the Hijra. At the 25 years of age Muhmmad

(P.B.U.H.) married a 40 year old wealthy widow of Mecca Khadija bint e Khuwaileed (R.A.). Because of the remarkable understanding between both of them as husband and wife this marriage happily lasted for 25 years. Muhmmad (P.B.U.H.) relied upon her in most of the matters. He (P.B.U.H.) did not enter into another marriage till she was alive. This was the reason that Muhmmad (P.B.U.H.) remained sad for a long time after her death. After the death of Khadija (R.A.) it was suggested to Muhammad by a lady companion named Khuwaila bint- e- Hakim (R.A.) that he (pbuh) should marry Sawdah-bint-e-Zama (R.A.) a Muslim widow or Aisha the daughter of Abu Bakr (R.A.) of Mecca. Aisha (R.A.) is known as favorite wife of Muhmmad (P.B.U.H.). She got a long life. She is also known for her contribution to hadith.

Helping his wives: Muhmmad (P.B.U.H.) used to help his

wives (R.A.) in household work. Like sewing clothes and preparing food etc. He used to take advice from his wives. They were even permitted to argue with him. Children: Muhmmad (pbuh) had four daughters and two sons from marriage with Khadijah (r.a.). The daughters were Ruqayyah (r.a.), Umm-e-Kulthum (R.A.), Zainab (R.A.) and Fatimah Zahra (r.a.). The sons were AbdAllah, Qasim and Ibrahim all his (pbuh) children died in childhood only. Attaining Prophethood: Frequently Muhmmad (pbuh) used to visit a cave at Mount Hira for meditation and contemplation. When he reached the age of 40 years one day during the holy month of Ramadan he was awarded by Allah (s.w.t.) with his divine revelations. The chief of the angels Jibreel or Gabriel (a.s.)

appeared in front of Muhmmad (pbuh) at the same cave. Jib reel (a.s.) requested Muhmmad (pbuh) to recite: Iqraa, he replied: I can not read. He (pbuh) did not have any formal education of any language so he could not read or write. Because of this he (pbuh) is also called Ummi in Arabic. After listening to this reply from Muhmmad (pbuh) Jibraeel (a.s.) suddenly embraced him with so much power that it became intolerable for Muhmmad (pbuh). After some moments Jibreel released him. Again Jibreel asked him to say:Iqraa again Muhmmad (pbuh) gave the same answer. Again Jibreel embraced him powerfully for the third and the last time. Again Jibreel asked him to say: "Recite in the name of your Lord who created! He created man from that which clings. Recite; and thy Lord is most Bountiful, He who has taught by the pen, taught man what he knew not. These were the revelations of the first five verses or Ayaats of the chapter of Quran which

is known as Surah 96 or Surah Khalaq. It was the year 610 (C.E.) when these first revelations came to Muhmmad (pbuh). He had never gone through such a shocking and surprising experience ever in his life. So, he was scared and surprised by this event. So he fled that cave of the Mount of Hira. (Quran 81:19-29). He (pbuh) reached his home terrified and asked his holy wife Khadija (r.a.) to cover him with a blanket. Some moments later when he settled down Khadija (r.a.) asked him about the reasons for his shock and worry. After listening to what happened with him she tried to pacify him by saying that Whatever is it but Allah (s.w.t.) the almighty will not let you get harmed. Because you are very kind and merciful to relatives, you are always truthful and speak truth, you help the poor and needy people, even orphans, and you are Amin also

(a very honest and trustworthy person).

Advice of a learned person Warqa: As the things settled down she (r.a.) seeked advice of her learned cousin Waraqa. He was an old, wise personality. He had good knowledge of divine books and spiritual literature of the past. After listening to her (r.a.) account Waraqa broke to her the good news that the strange visitor was nobody other than the holy angel Jibreel (a.s.). In past also Jibreel came to the holy prophet Musa (a.s.) (Moses). He also revealed to her (r.a.) that Muhmmad (pbuh) will be a holy prophet of Allah (s.w.t.). Khadija (R.A.) happily accepted the truth and became the very first and fortunate person to embrace Islam. Khadija (r.a.) a devoted Muslim wife:

Setting an ideal for the people to come she (r.a.) supported her husband Muhmmad (pbuh) in his each and every endeavor, hardship and distress. Especially during those terrible three years of boycott of Muhmmad (pbuh)s Banu Hashim clan by Pagan clans of the Quraish tribe. After setting the example of an ideal and devoted wife she left this world for heavenly abode in the year 620 (C.E.). This tragedy in Muhmmad (pbuh)s life came only a few days after the boycott was lifted.

The holy prophet Muhmmad (pbuh)s Mission: During Muhmmad (pbuh)s entire life Jibreel (a.s.) frequently visited him to help him complete his mission as a prophet of Allah (s.w.t.).

Hadith: This is a separate record and collection the holy prophet (pbuh)s instructions, sayings, actions.

Muhmmad (pbuh)s mission was to teach and re-establish the worship of the one and only true god i.e. Allah (s.w.t.). Allah (s.w.t.) is the only creator of the entire unverse. He (s.w.t) only runs this world and the whole universe. This was the thing taught by all the prophets (pbuh) who were sent to this world even much before Muhmmad (pbuh), like Ibrahim or Abraham (a.s.), Nooh or Noah (a.s.), Musa or Moses (a.s.) etc. All the prophets practiced, preached and demonstrated various methods to live peacefully for the mankind. These were the various types of rules or laws for ethical, social, and moral way of behaving or functioning by the humanity.

Only forty people embraced Islam in the first three years of his mission. This was a very small group of men,

women, children, older ones and the youth. These people were from various economic and social segments of society. Muhmmad (pbuh) was directed by a revealation to start preaching Islam to people. Following this he used to recite various Ayaats or verses of Quran in public and invite people to Islam. The leaders of the Quraish tribe got highly annoyed by Muhmmad (pbuh)s preaching. These non believer Quraish tribal leaders became very hostile towards him. The deadliest of these enemies was Muhmmad (pbuh)s own paternal uncle Abu Lahab and his wife. These misguided leaders of Quraish of Mecca tried to bribe Muhmmad (pbuh) by various ways and means. They offered him money and political power. They were ready to make him king of the tribe if he (pbuh) stops preaching his message. All these measures to bribe and buy Muhmmad (pbuh) proved futile. Even this failure could not open their eyes they kept on their hostility and tried to convince his uncle Abu Talib to allow them to kill Muhmmad (pbuh). His uncle tried to persuade Muhmmad (pbuh) to

abandon preaching his message. But Muhmmad (pbuh) very firmly but politely replied : "O uncle, if they were to put the sun in my right hand and the moon in my left hand to stop me from preaching Islam, I would never stop. I will keep preaching until Allah (s.w.t.) makes Islam prevail or I die." Muhmmad (P.B.U.H.)s Taif visit for preaching Islam and his mercifulness: Taif was 52 miles southeast of Mecca. After the death of his fatherly and protecting uncle Abu Talib Muhmmad (pbuh) visited Taif for preaching Islam. The leaders of Taif did not consider any thing. They refused to accept his message moreover they asked the children of the town to harass Muhmmad (pbuh). The children mocked at the prophet (pbuh), they pelted stones at him (pbuh) to the extent that Muhmmad (pbuh)s injuries started bleeding. When this incidence was going on Allah (s.w.t.) sent the angel Jibraeel

(a.s.) to him. Jibraeel (a.s.) delivered him (pbuh) the message of Allah (s.w.t.). He asked Muhmmad (pbuh) that if he wants to punish the people of Taif the punishing angels are on stand to destroy the whole town of Taif. They are waiting for his (pbuh) command. As Muhmmad (pbuh) has always been merciful and kind to the mankind he did not accept this offer. Instead he (pbuh) forgave them and prayed for Taifs generations to come accepts Islam. This was his (pbuh) kindness, optimism and positive thinking. During Taeef vistit only a Christian slave boy named Addas (r.a.) embraced Islam when he met the holy prophet Muhmmad (pbuh).

Return from Taif: When Muhmmad (P.B.U.H.) was returning from Taif Ayaats or verses of the Chapter no. 72 Al Jinn were revealed to him by Jibraeel (a.s.). The

meaning of these verses was: Quran is a book of guidance to both the Jinns and Humankind.

The events of the Miraaj and the Israa: After this tragic event of Taif in 621 (C.E.) Muhmmad (pbuh) experienced and witnessed the two events of the Miraaj and the Israa. During the Israa the angel Jibraeel (a.s.) took him to the Al-Aqsa mosque in Jerusalem from a holy mosque near Kabah. This event took place in the later part of the night for a time span of few hours. During the Israa Muhmmad (s.a.w.) met earlier prophets (a.s.) who came to the earth much before his (pbuh) arrival on the earth. These holy prophets (a.s.) were Moses, Abraham, Jesus and all other prophets (a.s.). During this meeting Muhmmad (pbuh) led these all holy prophets (a.s.) in prayer or Salat.

The event of Mirraj followed this event. During the event of Miraaj Muhmmad (pbuh) was taken to the heavens up to the Dome of the Rock (i.e. Arsh). Here he (pbuh) saw the signs of Allah (s.w.t.) or God. During the Miraaj the offering of the five daily prayers was made compulsory by Allah (s.w.t.) for all the Muslims. At the conclusion of this event Muhmmad (pbuh) was brought back to the holy Kabah. The whole event lasted for a few hours of the night. These both events (Israa and Miraaj) are mentioned in the first ayat of verse of the Qurans Chapter 17 i.e. Surah Bani Israel The Children of Israel.

Mockery by pagan Meccans: When pagan Meccans heard of these two events as per their habit they again mocked and laughed at Muhmmad (pbuh). As again the truth prevailed. But when they heard

from him the particular and accurate details of the city of Jerusalem and various other things on his way they had to surrender to the truth. They were compelled to accept his statements and stopped mocking at him. Hamza the leader of martyrs embraces Islam: One day the holy prophet Muhammad (pbuh) was offering his supplication or Salat in the Kabah. Taking advantage of this situation the chief of the conspirators and unfortunate pagan leader Abu Jahl threw camels stomach and intestines over his head (pbuh) and started abusing him (pbuh). After a heavy struggle Muhmmad (pbuh) could detach this heavy and suffocating load from his body. Abdullah bin Zadans slave girl was witnessing this act of terrorism of the pagan boss Abu Jahl. Incidently after some minutes Hamza (r.a.) returned

from hunting. He had straightway come to offer his prayers in Kabah. As he finished his circling of Kabah the slave girl disclosed this whole incidence to him. As Muhmmad (pbuh) was very beloved nephew of him he could not control his anger. Abu Jahl was still sitting in the Kabah. He (r.a.) immediately rushed to Abu Jahl and hit him heavily with the bow in his head. Abu Jahl got such a wound that it started bleeding. Hamza shouted:How dare you do that non believer man? Hamza (r.a.) added: Look I am embracing Islam come do what you can do to stop me. And he immediately rushed to the holy prophet Muhmmad (pbuh)s house and fulfilled all the procedures to become a Muslims from a pagan. Tales of bravery of Hamza (r.a.) were already famous in the entire Arabian region. As he joined Muhmmad (pbuh) it proved a big boost for

Muslims who were a suppressed minority in Mecca during those days. Hamza (r.a.) was martyred by a slave called Vahashi and a non believer woman Hinda in a battle. He is also known a Saiyadusshohadaa meaning the leader of the martyrs.

The Revelations: The angel Jibraeel (a.s.) frequently used to visit as and when commanded by Allah (s.w.t.) during Muhmmad (pbuh)s life. During his (a.s.) visits he revealed various verses of Ayaats of Quran to Muhmmad (pbuh) as sent by Allah (s.w.t.). These Ayaats were in Arabic language. This tradition of revelations continued for a period of almost 23 years. These revelations were of different types and length. Some times only a few verses or Ayaats, a part of chapters or Surah of Quran and some times a whole chapter or Surah. As Muhmmad (pbuh) was constantly

opposed by unfortunate pagans they used to ask him very difficult questions aimed for proving him wrong. In response to their questions some revelations also came. During those days paper was not easily available as it is today. So these revelations were recorded on various available materials like Barks, Palm leaves, Shoulder bones of animals and even Leather. As and when the revelations came the companions (r.a.) or Sahabas (r.a.) of the holy prophet (pbuh) used to memorize them soon. Even they used to recite these revelations in their daily prayers or Salat (Qur'an 80:13-16). Some companions (r.a.) of the holy prophet were special writers for writing these verses. The angel Jibraeel (a.s.) used to teach how to arrange these Ayaats while writing. Muhmmad (pbuh) then instructed his companion (r.a.) how to arrange these ayaats in written form and their order of writing also. (Qur'an 75:16-19, 41:41-42).

Muhmmad (pbuh) also recited these ayaats. Once a year this recital was witnessed by Jibraeel (a.s.) to authenticate and check the accuracy of these Ayaats in presence of Jibrael (a.s.) (Qur'an 17:106). This tradition of revelations of verses to Muhmmad (pbuh) continued for 23 years. It ended in the year 632 (C.E.). Later on these Ayaats or verses were compiled in a book form. This book is known as the holy Quran. The word Quran itself is also revealed in the holy Quran. One should remember that. The holy Quran does not contain even a single word from the holy prophet (pbuh) himself. The language of Quran is in the first person form. The torture and persecution: As their all ways and means of deterring Muhmmad (pbuh) totally failed the Pagan Quraish became violent towards the holy prophet (pbuh) and his follower minority group. They started boycotting,

beating and harassing new Muslims. The boycott was social and economic both. Those poor slaves who became Muslims were brutally beaten. The first among these poor new Muslims was a lady named Umme Ammar (r.a.). She was mother of Ammar ibn e Yaseer (r.a.). Those new Muslims who were not slaves and from wealthy or influential families of Mecca were also not left. They were not allowed to go out of their houses just like house arrest. The misguided and unfortunate Pagan leaders put forth a condition that if they left Islam and came back to their original belief they will be allowed to move freely. They started harassing the holy prophet (pbuh) himself also. Whenever and where ever they found Muhmmad (pbuh) they did not miss a chance to insult him, for example they threw animal excreta and filth on him (pbuh) may it be in the streets of Mecca or while offering his daily Salat or prayer in the holy Kabah.

But the truth prevails: Even after facing so many hardships Islam kept on flourishing. New Muslims of Mecca remained firm in their ideology. Allah (s.w.t.) asked Muhmmad (pbuh) to remain patient and continue preaching the message of the holy Quran. He (pbuh) asked his followers (r.a.) to remain patient because he had not received any message and not to retaliate against this persecution of Quraish pagan terrorists. In the year 615 C.E. their torture and harassment crossed limits. This was the fifth year of his (pbuh) mission. Considering the unbearable torture Muhmmad (pbuh) advised and allowed most of the Muslims to migrate to a nearby country known as Abysinia which is now known as Ethiopia. A Christian king named Najjashi or Ashabah or Negus was the ruler of Abysinia then. Secretively a group of eighty Muslims with some children also emigrated to Abysinia in

small groups. The moment they crossed Arabian coast the Quraish pagan leaders got the news of this migration. They were desperate not to let Muslims live peacefully. By the earliest they sent their two envoys to the King Negus. They demanded that this group of Muslim emigrants should be handed over back to them i.e. the Quraish pagans of Mecca.

Wisdom of the King Negus: Inspite of all the conspiracies of Pagan Quraish the King Negus proved wise. He had heard different revelations about the holy prophet Jesus or Isa (a.s.) and Mary or Mariam (a.s.) from these Muslims (Surah Mariam or Chapter 19 Mary of the holy Quran). Negus denied the demand of Pagan envoys. The Muslim emigrants were allowed to worship their religion and live peacefully in the Kingdom of Negus i.e. Abysinia now Ethiopia and Eritrea.

The Inhuman Boycott of Muslims by Pagan Quraish: Repeated defeats on various fronts frustrated the pagan Quaish. They became furious then ever. They declared total boycott of the holy prophet Muhmmad (pbuh)s entire clan the Bani Hashim. It was total social and economic ban on Bani Hashim clan. It was so inhuman and cruel that they did not allow reaching food or milk for infants and children. This boycott lasted for continuous three years. Inspite of these terrible hardships they could not deter the holy prophet Muhmmad (pbuh) from his path of truth. The frustrated Pagan Quraish leaders contacted Muhmmad (pbuh) for a conditional compromise. The condition was that all the parties should practice both the religions meaning that they will follow Islam also and continue their Idol worship as ever undisturbed along with it. When Muhmmad (pbuh) heard of this

he replied to this condition by reciting one Ayaat or verse of Quran which was from the Surah or Chapter No. 109 of the Quran. The nearest meaning of which was: For you your religion and for me mine. This compromise did not work. Pagan Quraish leaders were compelled to end the boycott: The Quraish leaders had prepared a secret written document. In this document they had recorded all the terms and modalities of this boycott. This document was preserved secretly in the Holy Kabah. When the Quraish leaders found that document was eaten away by termite or insects in the Kabah they were shocked and surprised. The insects had not left any written words except the beginning word stating: In your name, O Allah (s.w.t.).

The year of two tragedies: Though the ban was lifted the agony

of this boycott was heightened when Muhmmad (pbuh) lost two of his beloved. One was his (pbuh) devoted wife Khadijah (r.a.) and the second one was his (pbuh) fatherly Uncle Abu Taleeb. In 620 (C.E.) these tragedies came soon after the boycott was ended. After Khadijah (r.a.)s death Muhmmad (pbuh) married Ayesha (r.a.) and Sawdah (r.a.). Sawdah (r.a.) fifty years old at the time of her marriage with the holy prophet Muhmmad (pbuh). She (r.a.) had immigrated to Abyssinia with her husband during the initial years of persecution of Muslims in Mecca. She (r.a.) returned to Mecca just after her husbands death. Considering her sacrifices for Islam and with the intention of providing her shelter Muhmmad (pbuh) married her. In this same year after receiving divine message from Allah (s.w.t.) in a dream Muhmmad (pbuh) married Aishah (r.a.). She (r.a.) was the daughter of Muhmmad (pbuh)s most

beloved companion and first Caliph Abu Bakr (r.a.). She joined him as his wife in Medina after Hijra or migration. Thus completing the consummation of marriage. Until his age of 56 years these two ladies were the only two wives of the holy prophet Muhmmad (P.B.U.H.). The plot by Pagans to assassinate Muhmmad (pbuh): It was during 622 (C.E.), the cunning and cruel leaders of the Quraish became desperate to assassinate the holy prophet Muhmmad (pbuh). They prepared a criminal conspiracy for this ugly purpose of them. As per the plan of this conspiracy they assembled a group of assassins. For this group very calculatively they recruited one man from each Meccan tribe. Their target was to attack Muhmmad (pbuh) at the same time and place in a group formation. But as Allah (s.w.t.) is the best protector of all. He sent the angel Jibraeel (a.s.) to Muhmmad (pbuh). Jibraeel (a.s.) informed him

(pbuh) of the entire conspiracy. During this revelation Allah (s.w.t.) instructed Muhmmad (pbuh) to leave the city of Mecca immediately.

Prophet Muhmmad (P.B.U.H.)s migration from migration from Mecca to Medina (Hijra): The Background of Hijra: A delegation representing all twelve major clans of Medina frequently invited Mohmmad (pbuh) to shift to Medina as a neutral outsider permanently. There he was requested to work as an arbitrator for the entire tribe. Medina is also known as Yathrib. There were frequent episodes of fighting among the main inhabitants of Medina the Arabs and the Jews. This conflict was going on since last 100 years. Now the tribes felt the heat and damages of the ongoing frequent clashes among

themselves. So they decided that there should be some honest arbitrator to establish and monitor peace between various clans. The Medinan delegetation pledge to Mohmmad (pbuh) that they and their fellow citizens accept his (pbuh) authority into their society and protect him physically also as one of them. Considering this appeal from Medina Mohmmad (pbuh) instructed his followers or Companions (r.a.) to migrate to Medina.

The Revelation for Hijra: The instruction to leave Mecca immediately was starting of a pioneering event in the history of Islam. This event of migration is famous by the name or Hijra. Without wasting even a single moment Muhmmad (pbuh) got busy in preparations of his migration. As he was already considered as Amin or very trustworthy person. Even pagan Meccan leaders also used to

store their precious goods and possessions with him. Before starting his journey he (s.a.w.) handed over peoples possessions which are known as amannah or amanat to his beloved companion Ali (r.a.) and some others. He asked them to return those goods safely to their owners. Which were later returned to their owners. The plotter pagans were fooled and Mohmmad (pbuh) moved out of Mecca. During this incidence he (pbuh) was accompanied by his beloved companion Abu Bakr Siqqiq (r.a.). This migration is popularly known as Hijra.The Muslim Hijra calendar came into existence from the 1st day of this event. The Hijra took place in 622 (C.E.). At that time Medina was flourishing with agricultural activities. The Companions (r.a.) who migrated to Medina were later became known as the Muhajireens or the emigrants. During this same night of conspiracy

he left Mecca with his most beloved companion Abu Bakr (r.a.). The journey progressed towards the South. Here both of them stayed at a mountain cave known as Thwar (Ref.: Quran Chapter 9:40). They stayed here for almost three nights. From here the onward journey was in the Northern direction. Medina is at a distance of 250 miles from the city of Mecca. When the pagan Quraish leaders knew about Muhmmad (pbuh)s escape as a damage control exercise they declared that whoever brings Muhmmad (pbuh) to them dead or alive he will be given a reward of 100 camels. Even after sending search groups they could not harm Muhmmad (pbuh). They safely reached Quba a small village within the limits of the city of Medina (Ref.: Qur'an 28:85). From this day of the migration the Islamic Calendar started. One year ago during the Hajj pilgrimage they had

made promised the holy prophet Muhmmad (pbuh) according to these promises they (the people of Medina) especially the clans of the Banu Khazraj and Banu Aws warmly welcomed Muhmmad (pbuh) and Abu Bakr (r.a.).

The peace treaty for the people of Medina: Once Muhmmad (pbuh) safely reached Medina the flow of migration from Mecca to Medina started. Muslims of Mecca who were able to migrate to Medina left all their properties and homes at Mecca and followed Muhmmad (pbuh)s foot steps. They either openly or secretly reached Medina. To ensure and protect peace of Medina Muhmmad (pbuh) announced a code of conduct for all the inhabitants of Medina. This treaty was acknowledged and accepted by all the communities of

Medina like Arab pagans, Muslims, Jews and Christians.

The Battles: Ghazwah: Ghazwahts are the battles in which Prophet Muhmmad (PBUH) himself took part in combat along with his Companions (R.A.). Total casualties in all the battles of prophet Muhmmad (PBUH): The sum total of all casualties on all sides in all the battles of Muhammad range from 1200 to 1500 dead according to the most authoritative sources.

The Battle of Badr:

Date: March 13, 624 (C.E.)/17 Ramadan, 2 AH Location: At the wells of Badr, 80 miles (130 km) southwest of Medina Result: Muslims won Between: Muslims of Medina and Quraish of Mecca Commanders: Muslims: The holy prophet Muhmmad (P.B.U.H.) Hamza ibn Abd al-Muttalib (R.A.) Ali ibn Abi Talib (R.A.) Pagans: Abu Jahl, Utba ibn Rabi'ah Umayyah ibn Khalaf Military composition: Muslims: 313 Infantry & Cavalry: 2 Horses and 70 camels Pagans: 900 Infantry & Cavalry: 100 Horses and 170 Camels

Dead and Injured: Muslims: 14 martyred Pagans: 70 killed Pagans captured: 43-70 Implications: This is the most important and pioneering battle in the history of Islam. Though few in numbers compared to pagans this was a very tough and testing time for the Muslims. This battle took place in the starting days of Islam. Had Muslims lost this battle Islam would have been derooted from the face of the earth during its beginning only. This battle proved so important that even the holy prophet Muhmmad (P.B.U.H.) himself was not aware of it. This worry is reflected in his prayer of Salat which he offered to Allah (S.W.T.) before the beginning of this battle. He said: O Allah! These are

Quraish. They have come with all their arrogance and boastfulness, Trying to discredit Thy prophet. O Allah! I ask Thee to humiliate them tomorrow. O Allah! If these Muslims will perish today, Thou shall not be worshipped. The enemy pagans consisted of 950 soldiers and Muslims 313 plus the holy prophet Muhmmad (P.B.U.H.) i.e. 314 total. The Islamic fighters who were Companions (R.A.) or sahabas of the holy prophet Muhmmad (P.B.U.H.). Their strategy was based on three factors. 1. The great qualities and entire personality of the holy prophet Muhmmad (P.B.U.H.), his leadership and his unparalled determination. He (P.B.U.H.) was the final leader and guide to the Muslims at Badr and at every battle where he remained present. 2. The holy prophet Muhmmad (P.B.U.H.)s clan is known as the Hashmis or the Hashemites. During

beginning of the battle it was not considered much important rather obscure. But they ultimately came out in flying colors. 3. Moral of all the Companions (R.A.) was undeterable. They had full faith in Allah (S.W.T.) and then his holy prophet Muhmmad (P.B.U.H.). They were craving to attain martyrdom in the name of Allah (S.W.T.). The battle begins: The battle began when the leaders of pagans Utbah Ibn Rabi-ah, his son Al Walid and his brother Sheibah (all from Bani Ummaiya) stood in front of the pagan army and asked the holy prophet Muhmmad (P.B.U.H.) to send to them their equals for a dual. Hundreds of Companions (R.A.) were around him and many of them were expecting to be called upon by the holy prophet Muhmmad (P.B.U.H.) but he chose to start from his own family. It was clear, considerable and

toughest trouble for Muslims. The holy prophet Muhmmad (P.B.U.H.) commanded Ali (R.A.), Hamza (R.A.), Obadiah (R.A.) and Harith (R.A.) all these companion (R.A.) were from the Hashemite clan of the holy prophet Muhmmad (P.B.U.H.) to eliminate the enemies. Al Walid was eliminated by Ali (R.A.), Utbah was eliminated by Hamza (R.A.). Both of them supported Obeidah (R.A.) in eliminating Sheibah. Sheibah got killed immediately. Obeidah (R.A.) lost his leg and attained martyrdom because of these injuries. He (R.A.) is the first martyr of the battle of Badr. The holy prophet Muhmmad (P.B.U.H.) took some sand in his hands at the time of climax of the battle. He threw that handful of sand towards pagan enemies and said: May your faces be disfigured, O! Allah, terrify their hearts and invalidate their feet. The moment he said this coward pagan enemy ran away without showing their faces.

The Companions (R.A.) went on eliminating pagans. Many of them were taken prisoners of war by the Companions (R.A.) . 70 pagans were killed and sent to the hell for ever. And the Muslims took from them 70 prisoners. Names of only 20% of the dead pagans are preserved in the history. Arround twenty of these pagan casualties are by Ali (R.A.)s hand. This victory laid the foundation of the Islamic State. It sent a clear message that Islam is a considerable power in the entire Arabia.

Battle of the Trench: Arabic name of this battle is Ghazwah al Khandak. It is also known as the Battle of the Confederates and the Siege of Medina, Ghazwah e Ahzab. Some Arab and Jewish tribes surrounded Medina. This siege of Madina lasted for arround 15 days. The confederates army had six hundred horses and 10,000 fighters.

This battle began on 31st March 637 C.E. Date: March and April 637 C.E. (Shawwal, 5 AH) Location: Surrounding periphery of Medina Result: Retreat of enemy forces and failure of the siege; Clear Muslim victory Between: Muslims vs. Pagan Quraish of Mecca with allies the Banu Nadir and Banu Qurayza, Jewish Arab tribes of Banu Qaynuqa, some other Arab tribes Namely Banu Khaybar, Murra, Huyayy ibn Auf, Banu Shuja, Banu Ghatafan, Bani Assad etc.

Commanders: The holy prophet Muhammad (PBUH) Opponents: Abu Sufyan bin Harb the Quraish leader. Mitary Composition:

Muslims: 3,000 Quraish Pagans and Allies: 10,000 Casualties and losses Muslims: Less Quraish Pagans and Allies: 10,000

The Treaty of Hudaibiyyah: In 628 (C.E.) just a year after the battle of Trenches or Khandak the holy prophet Muhmmad (P.B.U.H.) and fifteen hundred of his Companions (R.A.) left for annual pilgrimage of Hajj to the city of Makkah. At a town known as Hudaibiyyah they were not allowed to carry on their forward journey towards Makkah. But after some negotiations a treaty was reached as per the conditions of this treaty they were allowed to come next year for this pilgrimage. Because of this treaty exchange of views and opinions among the people

of the Arabian region was permitted. This was a boost to Islam. As a result of this delegations from different tribes of Arabia started visiting the holy prophet Muhmmad (P.B.U.H.) for knowing about Islam. Within a short span of time a considerable number of people embraced Islam throughout the Arabian region. There were many Companions (R.A.) of the holy prophet Muhmmad (P.B.U.H.) who were Hafiz. A Hafiz is a person who memorizes the holy Quran by heart and remembers it. The holy prophet Muhmmad (P.B.U.H.) sent many of his Companions (R.A.) to different regions and countries to make people aware of Islam. Pagans murdered more than fifty of these Companions (R.A.). Few days after the treaty of Hudaibiyyah the holy prophet Muhmmad (P.B.U.H.) sent message of Islam to many kings and rulers of his time. Among these rulers were the

kings of erstwhile superpowers like Persia and the Byzantine empire. Through these letters he (pbuh) invited them to Islam. As a result of this endeavor the King Negus of Abyssinia and the Ruler of Bahrain became the first fortunate kings to embrace Islam. Emperor Heraculis understood and acknowledged the message of the holy prophet Muhmmad (P.B.U.H.).

The treaty is broken: Some two years after the signing of this treaty in last month of the year 629 (C.E.) as per their habit of terrorizing people the pagan Quraish violated this treaty. The clan of Bani Khuzah was the holy prophet Muhmmad (P.B.U.H.)s ally. The clan of Banu Bakr got support and aid from Pagan Quraish. Both of these clans jointly launched surprise attack on Banu Khuzah. Some men and women of Banu Khuzah could escape and took shelter in Makkah and seeked redress. The leaders of

Quraish did not help them. Ultimately they sent a message for help to the holy prophet Muhmmad (P.B.U.H.) regarding their plight. After thoroughly investigating the accounts and reports of this cowardly attack by pagans the holy prophet Muhmmad (P.B.U.H.) marched to the city of Makkah with an army. This army consisted of approximately three thousand Muslims (companion r.a.) from Medina and others from various other parts of the Arabia. This way this army consisted ten thousand soldiers i.e. Companions (R.A.).

The army of Companions (R.A.) enters Makkah: Before marching in the city of Makkah itself the holy prophet Muhmmad (P.B.U.H.) sent a message to the people of Makkah. This message of the holy prophet Muhmmad (P.B.U.H.) declared that any person who remains in his or her home or in the house of Abu Sufiyan

(R.A.) or in the holy Kabah itself will not be harmed. Ultimately the army entered into the holy city of Makkah. Soon after entering into Makkah the holy prophet Muhmmad (P.B.U.H.) directly went to the holy Kabah and praised and thanked Allah (S.W.T.) for this glorious victory of Islam. In the holy Kabah the holy prophet Muhmmad (P.B.U.H.) pointed towards each idol which were planted in the Kabah and declared: The truth has come the falsehood will neither start nor will it reappear (Ref.: Quran 17:81). As he said one by one the idols felt down. Then onwards these idols were removed and the holy Kabah was cleansed of all 360 idols. This gesture restored the piety and dignity of Kabah to the same one which used to be in the days of the holy prophets Ibrahim and Ismail (a.s.).

The holy prophet Muhmmad (pbuh) declares General Amnesty for Meccans: In olden days the conquering armies used to undertake general and mass slaughter and devastation of the territory they won. The people of Makkah also expected that now as the Muslim soldiers have entered into their city they will kill Makkans and destroy their properties. As they have persecuted Muslims since last twenty years. Amidst their surprise the holy prophet Muhmmad (P.B.U.H.) stood by the holy Kabah and declared general amnesty for all Makkans. The holy prophet Muhmmad (P.B.U.H.) declared: O Quraish, what do you think that I am about to do with you? they replied, Good, you are our noble brother and son of a noble brother. the holy prophet Muhmmad (P.B.U.H.) forgave all these people and said: I will treat you as the Prophet Yusuf (Joseph) (a.s.) treated his brothers.

There is no reproach against you. Go to your homes, and you are all free. He also declared: Allah (S.W.T.) made Makkah holy the day he created heavens and the earth; it is the holiest of holies until the day of resurrection. It is not lawful for any one who believes in Allah (S.W.T.) and the last day to shed blood therein, nor to cut down trees therein. It was not lawful to anyone before me and it will not be lawful to anyone after me. The result of this noble humanitarian gesture: The effect of this noble gesture of the holy prophet Muhmmad (P.B.U.H.) was very positive and intense on the people of Makkah. Even the deadliest of the enemies of the holy prophet Muhmmad (P.B.U.H.) embraced Islam because of this noble and humanitarian gesture of him (P.B.U.H.).

As the Muslim army entered into the Makkah some of the generals and soldiers of the pagan army had fled Makkah because of fear of getting killed if caught. But as they heard about the holy prophet Muhmmad (P.B.U.H.)s promise of no retaliation and religious freedom gradually they returned to Makkah. Gradually the message of Islam won their hearts and they embraced Islam.

Battle of Khaybar: Khaybar means fort. There were six to seven forts at this place. It was located on the route to Syria from Medina. A different group of the Jews was in command of each fort. This oasis had many trees of Dates. It was a booming economy in its own. This Battle was fought in the year 629 C.E. between the Muslims and some of the Jewish tribes living in the oasis of Khaybar. In the modern Saudi Arabias north -west it is situated 150 kilometers (95 miles) from Medina.

The Jews who were expelled from Madina got settled in Khaybar. These were the Jews of Banu Nadir, Banu Qainuqa. The Khaybar Jews had supported the Pagan Quraish in the Battle of Trenches against Muslims. After the battles of Trenches the Jews of Banu Quraizah were served death penalty. The Khaybar Jews determined to take revenge of this death penalty of Jews. They planned a massive offensive against Madina. These Jews were trying to win support of the Pagan Quraish against Muslims. But in between the Treaty of Hudaibiyyah came in to force. Because of this treaty the Pagans were not in any position to help these Jews against Muslims. This was the very first visible benefit of the treaty of Hudaibiyyah for Muslims. During this battle the Jews of Khaybar did not get support of the Pagans. Immediately returning from Makkah

after signing the Treaty of Hudaiybiyah the holy Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) rushed to Khaybar with army of companions (R.A.). According to a Scottish historian William Montgomery Watt the reasons for this attack were the presence of a tribe called Banu Nadir. These tribal people were instigating other Arab tribes to attack Muslims. They themselves were also persecuting and harassing Muslims. The Muslims attacked Jews who had already made themselves safe in a fort. Various respectable companions (R.A.) tried to win this battle but it was Ali (r.a.) who became the victor of Khaybar. During this battle he exhibited Supernatural force and strength including eliminating the known enemy warriors single handedly and also lifting the huge gate of one of the forts single handedly.

The battle begins: Muslims shocked and surprised the Jews by suddenly appearing at their forts. The Prophet (PBUH) gave them a chance to surrender. But they laughed at this offer. Out of arrogance they declared that their forts are impenetrable and they are sure that they will punish the Muslims. They shut down the gates of the forts and Muslims started the siege of these forts. Date: 629 C.E. Location: Khaybar oasis Result Between: Muslim companion (R.A.) army Vs. Jews of Khaybar oasis Leaders and commanders: Muslims: The holy Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), : Muslim victory

Muhammad b Muslimah (R.A.) who got martyred during the beginning of this battle, Abu Bakr (R.A.), Ali ibn Abi Talib (K.A.) Jews: Marhab, Rabih bin Abu Aqiq, Yasir Military Composition: Muslims: 1,600 Khaybar Jews: > 10,000 Casualties and losses Less than 20 killed, 50 wounded Implications: The rule of Islamic state spreaded much beyond Makkah and Madina. The Jews became subjects of the Islamic state. Jews and Pagan Quraish could not now help each other in any conflict against Muslims.

Hunnain

The Battle of Hunnain was fought between Muhammad (PBUH) and his followers against the Bedouin tribes of Hawazin and its subsection the Thaqif in 630 C.E. in a valley on one of the roads leading from Mecca to Ta'if. The battle ended in a decisive victory for the Muslims, who captured enormous spoils. The Battle of Hunnain is one of only two battles mentioned in the holy Qur'an by name, in Sura [Qur'an 9:25]. Date: 630 C.E. (8 AH) Location: Hunain valley near Ta'if in South-Western Arabia Result: Clear Muslim victory Between: Muslims and Pagan Quraish. Pagans were supported by some other tribes i.e. Bedouins of the Hawazin and Thaqif tribes Commanders and leaders Muslims: The holy prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and Ali (K.A.), Khalid bin Walid (R.A.) Pagan Quraish and Allies: Malik ibn

Awf al-Nasri Military Composition: Muslims: 12,000 Pagan Quraish and Allies: 4,000 Casualties and losses Muslims: 12 Opponent Allies: Unknown

The Battle of Mutah: Initally the then Byzantine Emperor King Heraculis got very much impressed by the holy prophet Muhmmad (PBUH). He was already to embrace Islam but because of political pressure he had to choose between his thorne and Islam. He chose not to embrace Islam. For inviting Emperor Heraculis to Islam Muhmmad (PBUH) sent one of his companions Harith ibn Umair (R.A.) personally. But on his way to Rome

the Roman governor of Syria Shurahbil al Ghassani martyred Haris (R.A.). As result of this inhuman murder Muhmmad (PBUH) had to dispatch an army to avenge this murder. The battle took palce at a place called Mutah. The Byzantines had an army of highly trained, experienced and well equipped 100,000 soldiers. Khalid ibn Walid (R.A.) who took over the command of the Muslim forces after the martyrdom of Hazrat Zayd ibn Harithah (R.A.). Other commanders were Hazrat Jafar ibn Abu Talib (R.A.) and Hazart Abdullah ibn Rawaha (R.A.) led an army of only 3000 Muslims bravely.

Military tactics adopted by the Veteran Warrior Khalid bin Walid (R.A.): Muslims fought ferociously. Moreover the veteran and wise commander

Khalid (R.A.) used his brain in engaging and misguiding commanders of the Byzantine and allied armies. The moral of the Byzantine sloldiers borke down and they decided to retreat fearing that next morning a large deployment of forces is coming from Madina. The Muslim forces were happy to see the enemy retreat and they also returned to Madina.

Battle of Uhud In the same year, the enemies of Islam tried very hard to incite various Arab tribes against Muslims. The Jews also took prominent role in these conspiracies. Under the command of a Pagan leader Abu Sufiyan a well equipped army of approximately 10,000 warriors started marching towards Madina. This force established their camp near the Mount of Uhud. It is a few miles far from Madina. Muslims were only

an army of 3,000 man poorly equipped and untrained. As they knew that their number is considerably less than the enemy pagans. More over the brewing political crisis inside Medina which was constantly being created by the Munafiqs or the Hypocrites. These hypocrites were within the city and among Muslims themtselves. The Muslims dug a deep moat round the unprotected quarters of Medina and encamped outside the city with a trench in front of them. They relied for safety of the other side upon their allies, the Quraiza, who possessed several fortresses at a short distance towards the south and were bound by the compact to assist the Muslims against any raiders. These Jews, however, were incited by the pagans to violate their promise to Muslims They joined and supported the pagan Quraish. As these Jews were well versed with the geography of the area more over they were in position to support logistically also. More over the Munafiqs were waiting

for a chance to harm Muslims. All these circumstances were going totally against Muslims. The siege continued for almost twenty days. The enemy made great efforts to cross the trenches, but every attack was ferociously expelled by the scanty Muslim force. But the circumstances changed suddenly. Conflicts and disagreements started surfacing in the besieging forces. Their horses started dying. Rations were getting exhausted day by day. One night, a wind storm and heavy rain played their part. The tents of pagan Quraish army flew off in wind, their lights went off not to be lit again. All attackers were scared of this situation. Their commander and leader Abu Sufyan and most of the fighters fled the place. Some seeked shelter at the places of Quraiza tribe. The Muslims though were satisfied with the failure of their enemies. This trachery of Banu Quraiza left Muslims thinking about the presence of Quraizas nearby Medina. They can anytime put Muslims in trouble. Banu

Quraiza were old allies of Muslims. As a moral duty towards old allies Muslims politely seeked an explanation for breaking this pledge from Banu Quraiza. Quraizas blatantly refused this request and did not care to give any explanation. Ultimately Muslims had to siege the territory of Quraiza. The Quraiza people were allowed to surrender at their discretion. A companion Sad Ibn e Maaz was a very close friend of Quraiza tribe. They asked the holy prophet (PBUH) to appoint him their adjudicator in this dispute. Saad was also the prince of the Aws tribe. Though he was severly wounded in this battle he agreed to adjudicate. He was broght to the judicial procedure on his sick bed it self. Regarding this treacherous act of Quraiza he delivered his judgement. In his judgement he ordered that the men who fought against Muslims during this battle should be executed and women and children of Quraiza should be made slaves of Muslims.

Date: 19 March, 625 C.E. Location: The valley that is located in front of Mount Uhud and it is located about 5 miles (8.0 km) from Medina Result : Retreat of Pagan and allied forces, Quraiza were exposed. Between: Muslims VS. Pagan Quraysh and allies Commanders and leaders: Muslims: Muhammad (PBUH), Hamza ibn Abd al-Muttalib (Martyred) (R.A.), Ali (K.A.) Pagan Quraish and Allies: Abu Sufyan ibn Harb, Khalid ibn alWalid, Ikrimah ibn Abi-Jahl Military Composition: Muslims: 700 infantry, 2-4 cavalry Pagan Quraish and Allies: 3,000 infantry, 200 cavalry Casualties and losses

Muslims: 70 Pagan Quraish and Allies: 44-45

O! Father of Ibrahim: By the end of the year 630 (C.E.) most of the Arabia embraced Islam. Many of the holy prophet Muhmmad (P.B.U.H.)s close Companions (R.A.) were from different and far flung geographic areas of the world like Rome, Abyssinia, Persia and even Syria. Several leaders of other religions from other countries also embraced Islam. In the March of the year 630 (C.E.) the angel Jibraeel (Gabriel) (a.s.) came to the holy prophet Muhmmad (P.B.U.H.) with revelations from Allah (S.W.T.). Jibraeel (a.s.) addressed him by the name: O father of Ibrahim. Within few hours of this revelation the holy prophet Muhmmad (P.B.U.H.) received the news of birth of his son Ibrahim ((R.A.) from his wife Mariah (R.A.).

This son was named Ibrahim on the basis of this latest revelation. Ibrahim (R.A.) was the only child born after the six children from his (P.B.U.H.) marriage with Khadijah (R.A.). Ibrahim (R.A.) died at the age of ten months only. On the day of death of Ibrahim (R.A.) there was Solar eclipse. So, some people attributed this tragedy to Solar eclipse. In reply to this misconception the holy prophet Muhmmad (P.B.U.H.) said: The Sun and the Moon are two signs of the signs of Allah. Their light is not dimmed for any man's death. If you see them eclipsed, you should pray until they become clear."

The first fortunate ones who embraced Islam: Muhmmad (P.B.U.H.)s holy wife Khadija (R.A.) the first woman of the world that too free (not enslaved)

Ali ibn e Abu Taleeb (k.a.) the first boy to embrace Islam he is Muhmmad (P.B.U.H.)s cousin His servant Zayd ibn Harith (R.A.) the first slave to embrace Islam Abu Bakr (R.A.) as a free man with his wife and daughters he was a very close friend of the prophet (pbuh).

All these lucky ones embraced Islam by accepting and testifying verbally and from within that: "There is no one worthy of worship except Allah (s.w.t.) (The One and only God) and Muhammad (P.B.U.H.) is the Messenger of Allah (S.W.T.)."

Ten Blessed Companions (R.A.) of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH): These Companions (R.A.) are

popularly known as Asharatul Mubash-sharah (R.A.): These ten Companions (R.A.) were promised Paradise by the Holy Prophet Muhammad peace be upon him during their lifetime itself. 1. Sa'id ibn Zayd (R.A.) (demise 51 A.H) 2. Ali bin Abu Talib (R.A.) (23 B.H40 A.H; 600-661 C.E) 3. Abu Bakr Siddiq (R.A.) (51 B.H-13 A.H; 573-634 C.E) 4. AbdurRahman ibn Awf (R.A.) (demise 31 A.H/654 C.E) 5. Umar al-Faruq (R.A.) (R.A.) (40 B.H-23 A.H; 584-644 C.E) 6. Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas (R.A.) (23 B.H-55 A.H; 600-675 C.E) 7. Uthman Dhin-Nurayn (R.A.) (47 B.H- 35 A.H; 577-656 C.E)

8. Abu 'Ubaydah, 'Aamir ibn 'Abdullah ibn al-Jarrah, (R.A.) 9. Talha ibn 'Ubaydullah (R.A.) (28 B.H-36 A.H; 596-656 C.E) 10. Zubair ibn al-Awwaam (R.A.) (28 B.H-36 A.H; 596-656 C.E)

Muslim Martyrs or Shohda-e-Kiram (R.A.) Of the Battle of Badr: Among Muslims these martyrs are known as Shohd e Badr. In the Battle of Badr fourteen Muslims i.e. Companions (R.A.) were martyred. Among these 6 were Muhajireens (Muslims emigrants from Mecca to Medina and 8 were Ansar (Muslims who were originally from Medina who helped immigrants settle in Medina. Among the 8 Ansar, 6 were from the tribe of Banu Khazraj, therefore called al-Khazraji, and 2 were from the Banu Aws, therefore called alAwsi. 1. 'Umayr bin al-Humam al-Khazraji, (R.A.).

2. Dhush-shimaalayn ibn 'Abdi 'Amr al-Muhajiri, (R.A.). 3. Rafi' bin al-Mu'alla al-Khazraji, (R.A.). 4. Sa'd bin Khaythama al-Awsi, (R.A.). 5. Safwan bin Wahb al-Muhajiri, (R.A.). 6. 'Aaqil bin al-Bukayr al-Muhajiri, (R.A.). 7. 'Ubaydah bin al-Harith alMuhajiri, (R.A.). 8. Yazid bin al-Harith bin Fus.hum alKhazraji, (R.A.). 9. 'Umayr bin Abi Waqqas alMuhajiri, (R.A.). 10. 'Awf bin al-Harith al-Khazraji, (R.A.). 11. Mubashshir bin 'Abdi'l Mundhir al-Awsi, (R.A.). 12. Mu'awwidh bin al-Harith alKhazraji, (R.A.). 13. Mihja' bin Salih al-Muhajiri,

(R.A.). 14. Haritha bin Suraqa al-Khazraji, (R.A.).

Companions (R.A.) who were Writers of the holy Prophet Muhmmad (P.B.U.H.): Aban bin Sa'id Abu Umama Abu Aiyyub Al-Ansari Abu Bakr Siddiq Abu Hudhaifa Abu Sufiyan Abu Salama Abu Abbas Ubayy bin Kab Al-Aqram Usaid bin Al Hudair Aus Buraida Bashir

Thabit bin Qais Ja'far bin Abu Taleeb Jahm bin Sad Juhaim Hateeb bin Huzaifa Husain Hanzala Huwaitib Khalid bin Said Khalid bin Waleed Zubair bin Arqam Zaid bin Thabeet Sad bin Saeed Shuanh bin Hasna Sad bin Ubaida Talha Amir bin Fuhaira AbbasAbdullah bin Al Arqam Abdullah bin Abu Bakr Abduallah bin Rawaha Abdullah bin Zaid Abduallah bin Sad Abduallah bin Amr Usman bin Affan Uqba

Ali bin Abu Taleeb Umar ibn e Al Khattab Amr bin As Muhammad bin Musailama Maaz bin Jabal Muawiya Manb Mughira Yazid bin Abu Sufiyaan (R.A.)

The non Arab companions (R.A.) of the holy prophet Muhmmad (PBUH): From this list one can know that equality is also a basic feature of Islam. Even non Arabs were given the highly respectable status of Sahabas or companions (R.A.) of the holy prophet Muhammad (PBUH). African (Habsh now known as Ethiopia): Bilal ibn Ribah (R.A.): He

embraced Islam while he was still a slave. His pagan master crossed limits in torturing him for becoming a Muslim. He resisted all persecution. He is the first Muazzin or caller of Azan i.e. Call for inviting people to offer Salat or daily prayers. Washy ibn e Harb (R.A.): Very ferocious opponent of Muslims. The holy prophet Muhmmad (PBUH)s most beloved uncle Hamza (R.A.) was martyred by this person. He was basically a slave. Later he embraced Islam. He killed a known enemy of Islam Musailema during the Wars of Apostasy.

King Najashi (Negus): The then king of Abyssinia . Some Muslim companions (R.A.) who had migrated to Abysinia or Ethiopia. He allowed a this

emigrant to practice their religion Islam in his territory. He also protected them. Later on he also embraced Islam. When he died the holy prophet Muhmmad (PBUH) offer his death prayer in absentia. He was witness to one of the marriage of the holy prophet Muhmmad (PBUH).

Usama ibn e Zaid (R.A.): The holy Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) loved him almost like a grandson. He was the youngest person ever to be appointed a general by Muhammad (PBUH). Umm Ayman (Barakah) (R.A.): She was mother of Usama ibn e Zaid. She accompanied the holy Prophet Muhmmad (PBUH) since his birth until his demise. Even

after the death of Muhmmad (PBUH)s mother she was with the holy Prophet Muhmmad (PBUH). She was almost like his own mother for holy Prophet Muhmmad (PBUH). Al-Nahdiah (R.A.): Basically a slave. Embraced Islam during her days of slavery. Her pagan salve master tortured her beyond limit for making her leave Islam. She resisted all the torture and persecution and remaind Muslim. She was later freed from slavery. Lubaynah (R.A.): She was also a slave. Embraced Islam during her days of slavery. Her pagan salve master tortured her beyond limit for making her leave Islam. She resisted all the torture and persecution and remained Muslim. She was later

freed from slavery. Umm e Ubays (R.A.): Daughter of Al-Nahdiah (R.A.). She also embraced Islam during her days of slavery. Her pagan salve master tortured her beyond limit for making her leave Islam. She resisted all the torture and persecution and remained Muslim. She was later freed from slavery. Harithah bint e al-Muammil (R.A.): Sister of Umm e Ubays (R.A.). She also embraced Islam during her days of slavery. Her pagan salve master tortured her beyond limit for making her leave Islam. She was torutured to such an extent that she lost one eye because of injuries. She resisted all the torture and persecution and remained Muslim. She was later freed

from slavery. Comorian Origin: Comorian Islands Arabic nam,e is Juzur al-Qumur. Loicated in the Indian Ocean. Off the eastern coast of African continent. At the Northern side of the Channel of Mozambique Channel between Mozambique and Madagascar near famous toruist destination of Sychelles. Capital is Moroni. These names are based on famous Comorian legends. Fey Bedja Mwamba (R.A.): From the country now known as Comors Islands. According to local legends he was a Comrian Royalty. He personally met the holy Prophet Muhmmad (PBUH) during his life time. There he embraced Islam. He later brought Islam to Comoros Islands.

 Mtswa Mwandze (R.A.): From the country now known as Comors Islands. According to local legends he was a Comorian Royalty. He personally met the holy Prophet Muhmmad (PBUH) during his life time. There he embraced Islam. He later brought Islam to Comoros Islands.

Native Egyptians (Copt): Copts are known as Kibti in Arabic. They are believed to be descendants of the Pharaohs of Egypt. Maria al-Qibtiyya (R.A.): She was holy wife of the holy Prophet Muhmmad (PBUH). One of the Ummahat al Muminin. She was also the mother of Ibrahim (R.A.) the third and last son of the holy Prophet Muhmmad (PBUH).

 Sirin (R.A.): She was sister or Maria-Al-Kibtia. Wife of Hassan ibn e Thabit (R.A.) who was one of the most poppular Arab poets of his time. Hellenized Arab: Suhaib ar-Rumi (R.A.): Basically an Arab by birth. While during an attack on his village the soldiers of the Byzantine Empire imprisoned him during his childhood from a village. He is also known as Suhaib the Roman. For almost twenty years he lived his life as a slave in the Byzantine territories. He almost forgot his mother tongue Arabic and learned Greek and Roman languages. One day he escaped from the shackles of slavery and reached Mecca. Here he became popular by the name

Suhaib Arrumi. Here gradually he became a wealthy businessman. One day he met the holy prophet Muhmmad (PBUH) in Mecca and embraced Islam there only. When the holy prophet (PBUH) migrated to Medina from Mecca Suhaib left his wealth and reached Medina to be with the prophet (PBUH). His reputation among the Muslims was so high that he was nominated by the Caliph Umar ibn alKhattab to lead the Muslims (both in prayers and as head of the Muslim community.) He was one of the best Archer Muslims had in those days. Jewish: Abdullah ibn Salam (R.A.): Basically a Jewish Rabbi before embracing Islam. He was among the Ashar e Mubassarah list of the holy companions (R.A.).

 Safiyya bint Huyayy (R.A.): One of the wives of the holy prophet Muhmmad (PBUH) and Umm ul Mumineen. Rayhana (R.A.): She was also one of wives of the holy prophet Muhmmad (PBUH) and Umm ul Mumineen.

Afghan (Pashtun): Qais Abdur Rashid (also known as Imraul Qais Khan): He was from Pashtun tribe of Afghanistans Ghaur province. He traveled from Afghanistan to Arabia. Here he meets the holy prophet Muhmmad (PBUH). After his meeting he embraces Isalm. He returned to his native Afghanistan as a Muslim and preached Islam to his people.

Iranian (Persian): Salman the Persian (R.A.): He is also known as Salman Farsi. Born in Persia in a wealthy family. In search of truth started a journey kept it for years. It ended when he meet the holy prophet Muhmmad (PBUH). During his slavery he embraced Islam. During the bettle of Trench it was him who suggested digging trenches as a military strategy. Technically speaking mainly due to this tactic Muslims won this battle. Munabbih ibn Kamil: he was a Persian knight. He had two sons, who were both Islamic scholars.

Salim Mawla Abu Hudhayfah (R.A.): One of the

highly respected personalities among the companions (R.A.). He attained martyrdom during the War of Apostasy. The Caliph Umar (R.A.) suggested that had Salim been alive he would have suggested his name as Umars successor to Caliphate. Badhan (R.A.): Governor of Yemen when it was under control of the Persian Empire. He embraced Islam when he found one of the holy prophet Muhmmad (PBUH)s prophecies proved correct. Following him every Persian in Yemen at that time embraced Islam.

Christians: Addas (R.A.): A Christian young slave boy. He was the first fortunate person from

Taeef to embrace Islam. The emerging global super power of those days: Almost all of the Arabia, nearby Europe and Asia were experiencing a sea change by the spread of the message of Islam. The erstwhile superpowers Persia and the Byzantine empire could not accept this positive global change. Some of the rulers of these empires threatened to attack Medina. Without wasting time as it was demand of time the holy prophet Muhmmad (P.B.U.H.) dispatched a small army to defend the Northern border of Arabia.

The last Sermon: The Last Sermon is also known as the Farewell Sermon or Khubatul Wid

and Prophet's Final Sermon. It was delivered by the holy prophet Muhammad (pbuh) on 9 Dhu alHijjah, 10 AH (632 C.E.) in the Uranah valley of Mount Arafat (in Mecca, seventy-two days before his death, at the end of his (pbuh) final pilgrimage. This Sermon is mentioned in almost all books of Hadith. Sahih Al-Bukhari refers to the sermon: After praising, and thanking God, the holy Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) addressed his companions (R.A.) in the following manner: O People, lend me an attentive ear, for I know not whether after this year, I shall ever be amongst you again. Therefore, listen to what I am saying to you very carefully and take these words to those who could not be present here today. O People, just as you regard this month, this day, and this city as Sacred, so regard the life and property of every Muslim as a sacred trust. Return the goods entrusted to you to their rightful owners. Hurt no one so that no one may hurt you.

Remember that you will indeed meet your Lord, and that He will indeed reckon your deeds. God has forbidden you to take usury (interest), therefore all interest obligation shall henceforth be waived. Your capital, however, is yours to keep. You will neither inflict nor suffer any inequity. God has Judged that there shall be no interest, and that all the interest due to Abbas ibn Abdal Muttalib shall henceforth be waived. Beware of Satan, for the safety of your religion. He has lost all hope that he will ever be able to lead you astray in big things, so beware of following him in small things. O People, it is true that you have certain rights with regard to your women, but they also have rights over you. Remember that you have taken them as your wives only under a trust from God and with His permission. If they abide by your right then to them belongs the right to be fed and clothed in kindness. Do treat your women well and be kind to them for they are

your partners and committed helpers. And it is your right that they do not make friends with any one of whom you do not approve, as well as never to be unchaste. O People, listen to me in earnest, worship God, perform your five daily prayers, fast during the month of Ramadan, and offer Zakat. Perform Hajj if you have the means. All mankind is from Adam and Eve. An Arab has no superiority over a non-Arab, nor does a non-Arab have any superiority over an Arab; white has no superiority over black, nor does a black have any superiority over white; [none have superiority over another] except by piety and good action. Learn that every Muslim is a brother to every Muslim and that the Muslims constitute one brotherhood. Nothing shall be legitimate to a Muslim which belongs to a fellow Muslim unless it was given freely and willingly. Do not, therefore, do injustice to yourselves. Remember, one day you will appear before God and answer for your

deeds. So beware, do not stray from the path of righteousness after I am gone. O People, no prophet or apostle will come after me, and no new faith will be born. Reason well, therefore, O people, and understand words which I convey to you. I leave behind me two things, the Quran and my example, the Sunnah, and if you follow these you will never go astray. All those who listen to me shall pass on my words to others and those to others again; and it may be that the last ones understand my words better than those who listen to me directly. Be my witness, O God, that I have conveyed your message to your people. Near the Arafat the moment he (PBUH) completed his last sermon the final revelation from Allah (SWT) arrived to him. It was contining this verse or Ayat of the holy Quran : This day have I perfected your religion for you, completed My Grace upon you, and have chosen Islam for

you as your religion (Quran 5:3) Even in todays modern era this sermon is communicated to all the Muslims throughout the world. During address of Friday prayers also this sermon is read by the Imam in front of the audience.

Later life: During the remaining life of the holy prophet Muhmmad (P.B.U.H.) most of the battles had to be fought on the Northern border of the country. He (P.B.U.H.) never kept a regular and organized full time army. Whenever the need for an army arose he (pbuh) used to gather Muslims for discussing the threatening situation. As per the need people themselves volunteered to take part in the battle as warriors. In the year of 632 (C.E.) the holy prophets Muhmmad (PBUH) performed his last pilgrimage of the Hajj. Along with him (PBUH)

approximately one hundred and twenty thousand men and women i.e. Companions (R.A.) performed the pilgrimage of Hajj. During this last pilgrimage the holy prophet Muhmmad (PBUH) received his last revelation from Allah (SWT). During this last Hajj only he delivered his last sermon to Muslims.

Left for Heavenly abode: Just after two months of this Hajj the holy prophet Muhmmad (P.B.U.H.) fell ill for few days and during this illness only he left for the heavenly abode. It was on the day of Monday the 12th date of Muslim month of Rabi al Awwal. It was eleven years after the event of migration to Medina or Hijra. His (PBUH) holy tomb: The holy tomb of the holy prophet Muhmmad (P.B.U.H.) is known as

Mazar-e-Aqdas by Muslims. He (P.B.U.H.) is buried on the same place where he (P.B.U.H.) died. In short: He was born on the 22nd April 571 C.E. at 4:45 A.M. in the city of Mecca, Saudi Arabia. He lived for 22330 days on this this earth. During the day he used to work as a Diplomate, Head of the state, Commander in chief of an army, Chief Judge, Peace maker between various clans and tribes, Guide and teacher of Islam, last but not the least a husband and father. He used to devote his nights to Allah (S.W.T.) regularly. Upto one third to two thirds of his night he used to spend in praying Allah (S.W.T.).

Wealth and Assets he (PBUH) had: Even when he (P.B.U.H.) was almost like a king of Arabia the regional

superpower the holy prophet Muhmmad (P.B.U.H.)s possessions were a blanket, jugs, few worn torn mats and some few simple things. As inheritance he left nothing but a white mule which was gifted to him by Muqawqis of Egypt, few weapons and a piece of land which he had gifted during his life time.

His Last words: The holy prophet Muhmmad (P.B.U.H.)s last words were: We the community of Prophets are not inherited. Whatever we leave is for charity. The holy prophet Muhmmad (P.B.U.H.) was a man (Khariul Bashar) and the last prophet of the only one god Allah (SWT). He is the last prophets (Ref.: Quran 33:40) sent to earth by Allah (S.W.T.) to guide human beings to the right path. Adam (A.S.) was the first of the prophet (a.s.). The names of twenty five prophets are mentioned in the

holy Quran. It has also provided a considerable insight into their mission, their people and their fight and persecution during their mission. The holy Quran also relieves these prophets of the charges put against these holy prophets in previous scriptures. Mention of four previously relieved scriptures can also be found in the holy Quran. They are the pages or Sahaeefs of Ibrahim (Abraham) (A.S.), Taurat ('Torah') which was revealed to Musa (A.S.) or Moses. Zaboor ('Psalms') this was revealed to Dawood (A.S.) (David) and Injeel ('Evangel') or Bible this was revealed to Isa or Jesus (a.s.). It is mandatory for Muslims to believe in all the prophets and in the original non corrupted form of revealed scriptures of past prophets (a.s.). These beliefs are among the basic components of Islamic faith. The holy prophet Muhmmad (pbuh) is the ideal model of the teachings of Quran and guidelines mentioned in the holy

Quran. Peace Be Upon him is the suffix added after his (a.s.) name. PBUH is added after the names of all the prophets. (Ref.: Quran Chapter 37 verses 79, 109, 120, 130, and 33:56). The Each and every minute detail the holy prophet Muhmmad (P.B.U.H.)s actions and behavior is very carefully and precisely preserved for example his way of eating, drinking water, milk, his way of laughing, doing justice and even bathing, sleeping, talking and even discussing with friends, family life etc. Good Muslims always try to follow the teachings of Quran and the holy prophet Muhmmad (P.B.U.H.) carefully.

Noble Character and qualities of the Holy Prophet (PBUH): The best information regarding this

topic is available from the most loved holy wife of the prophet Muhhmmad (PBUH) Aisha (R.A.). The most privy to his secrets, When ummul mumineen his wife, A'isha, was asked about his (PBUH) morals, she replied: as, "His morals are the Quran." In other words, the highest morals that were described in the Holy Quran were possessed by him.

Simplicity and sincerity are notable qualities of the Prophet's character. These are two main qualities on him (PBUH). He most of the times did most of the things with his own hands. For example milking his own goats, patch his own clothes and mend his own shoes with thread and needle. Even housekeeping also. He himself used to dust his house, tieing his camel and taking care of it personally. He did not consider any work as low for him. It is well known

fact that he worked like a labourer in the construction of the mosque, and also while digging a ditch surrounding Madina. As good family man and neighgour he used to buy household things for his own house and asked neightbours as he is going for shopping any neighbor need any thing to be bought for them. Being best in humbleness never detested any work. Never exhibitied his dignity as a Prophet of misused his power. By practicing good moral and character in his own life and dealings he showed the world how to live with higher moral and ethical standards and simplicity.

With Children: He felt very happy and comfortable with children. He used to mingle easily with children in their games. He played games and had fun with

children who had returned from Abyssinia. He tried to talk with them in their Abyssinian language. Whenever he returned from journey it was his usual practice to give lift to children on his camel. (Ref.: Bukhari, Sahih Bukhari, Vol. 2 pg.886). He used to pick up children in his arms, play with them, and kissed them affectionately. A companion, recalling his childhood, said, "In my childhood I used to fell dates by throwing stones at palm trees. Somebody took me to the Prophet (PBUH) who advised me to pick up the dates lying on the ground but not to fell them with stones. He then patted me and blessed me." (Abu Dawud)

His manners and disposition: "By the grace of Allah, you are gentle

towards the people; if you had been stern and ill-tempered, they would have dispersed from round about you" (translation of Qur'an 3:159) Equality: Muhammad (pbuh) asked people to quit notions of racial, family or any other form of superiority based on mundane things. He also said that righteousness alone was the criterion of one's superiority over another. He mixed with everyone equally without discriminating. He used to eat with slaves, servants and the poorest on the same sheet. This is still followed in Arabia and most of the Muslim cultures. He refused all privileges and worked like any ordinary laborer during the digginging of trenches at the time of the battle of trench and during the construction of the Prophet Mosque at Medina.

The Caliphs of the holy Prophet Muhmmad (pbuh): The Caliph is the head of an Islamic state or a Caliphate. This title is used to address the leader of the Muslim Ummah. It is a transcribed version of the Arabic word Khalfah the meaning of which is a successor or a representative. The early leaders of the Muslims following the holy prophet Muhammads (pbuh) (570 C.E. 632 C.E.) death were called "Khalifa e Rasul Allah". The political successors to the messenger of God (pbuh). Arabic synonyms for the word Caliph are Khalfah. Other synonyms for Khalifa are Amr alMu'minn meaning the Commander of the Faithful, Imam al-Ummah, and Imam al-Mu'minn meaning leader of the Muslims. Names of the first four caliphs who

were highly beloved companinons (R.A.) of the holy Prophet Muhmmad (PBUH): Abu Bakr (R.A.)

Umar ibn e al-Khattab (R.A.) Uthman ibn e Affan (R.A.) Ali ibn Abi Talib (K.A.)

Brief timeline about the life of the holy prophet Muhmmad (P.B.U.H.): Birth 570 (C.E.) (54 BH) Muhammad is orphaned (C.E.) (49 BH) 575

Marriage to Khadija (R.A.) 595 (C.E.) (28 BH) Makkah phase of dawah Quran revealed 610622

610 (C.E.) (12 BH) 613

Declaration at mount Safa (C.E.) (9 BH)

First migration to Abyssinia 615

(C.E.) (7 BH) Start of Boycott of Banu Hashim 616 (C.E.) (6 BH) Year of Sorrow 619 (C.E.) (3 BH) Isra and Mi'raj 620 (C.E.) (2 BH)

First pledge of Aqaba 621 (C.E.) (1 BH) Migration to Yathrib AH) 622 (C.E.) (0

Madina phase of dawa 622632 (C.E.) Battle of Badr Battle of Uhud 624 (C.E.) (2 AH) 625 (C.E.) (3 AH) 627 (C.E.) (5

Battle of the Trench AH)

Treaty of Hudaibiyyah 628 (C.E.) (6 AH)

The first pilgrimage AH) Conquest of Makkah AH) Death

629 (C.E.) (7

630 (C.E.) (8

632 (C.E.) (10 AH)

Something Spiritual: List of the holy names of the Companions i.e. Sahaba (r.a.) who are warriors of the first Battle of Islam i.e. The Battle of Badr In Arabic these are known as ASMA-E-ASHAAB-E-BADR. Please recite Sayyidinaa before each of these holy name and Radi Allahu Anhu i.e. May Allah be pleased with him after each name. A suffix to show respect. Listed in order of Arabic alphabets:

The first and pioneering battle in the history of Islam is the Battle of Badr. It firmly established the roots of Islam till the day of resurrection or the Yaum-E- Hashr. Prophet (pbuh) with only 313 of his Sahaba (Companions) (r.a.) defeated about 1,000 better trained and armed warriors of the tribe of Pagan Quraysh. These are very Jalali or Majestic names. So before we recite these, and after completing the recitation, it is recommended to recite Durood Shareef or Salwaat 100 times. Allahumma Agithna ya Giyath alMustaghitheen bi Haqqi (O Allah! O The Succour of those who seek help, save us for the sake of) 1. Sayyidina wa Habeebina wa Nabiyyina wa Mawlana Muhammad ibn 'Abdillah Sallallahu 'alayhi wa sallam 2. Sayyidina Abi Bakr as-Siddaq, 'AbdAllah ibn 'Uthman al-Muhajiri Radi Allahu Anhu 3. Sayyidina 'Umar ibn al-Khattab alMuhajiri, Radi Allahu Anhu

4. Sayyidina 'Uthman ibn 'Affan alMuhajiri, Radi Allahu Anhu 5. Sayyidina 'Ali ibn Abi Talib alMuhajiri, Radi Allahu Anhu 6. Sayyidina Talha ibn 'Ubaydillah alMuhajiri, Radi Allahu Anhu 7. Sayyidina az-Zubayr ibn al'Awwam al-Muhajiri, Radi Allahu Anhu 8. Sayyidina 'Abdu'rRahman ibn 'Awf al-Muhajiri, Radi Allahu Anhu 9. Sayyidina Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas, Malik ibn Uhayb al-Muhajiri, Radi Allahu Anhu Radi Allahu Anhu Radi Allahu Anhu 10. Sayyidina Sa'ad ibn Zayd alMuhajiri, Radi Allahu Anhu 11. Sayyidina Abi 'Ubayda 'amir ibn 'Abdillah ibn al-Jarrah al-Muhajiri, Radi Allahu Anhu Alif 1. Ubayy ibn Ka'b al-Khazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 2. Al-Akhnas ibn Khubayb alMuhajiri, Radi ALLAHu 'Anhu 3. Al-Arqam ibn Abi'l Arqam alMuhajiri, Radi Allahu Anhu 4. As'ad ibn Yazeed al-Khazraji Radi Allahu Anhu

5. Anas ibn Mu'adh al-Khazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 6. Anasah, mawla Rasulillah alMuhajiri, Radi Allahu Anhu 7. Unays ibn Qatadah al-Awsi, Radi Allahu Anhu 8. Aws ibn Thabit al-Khazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 9. Aws ibn Khawla al-Khazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 10. Aws ibn as-Samit al-Khazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 11. Iyas ibn al-Aws al-Awsi, Radi Allahu Anhu 12. Iyas ibn al-Bukayr al-Muhajiri, Radi Allahu Anhu Ba' 1. Bujayr ibn Abi Bujayr al-Khazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 2. Bahhath ibn Tha'laba al-Khazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 3. Basbas ibn 'Amr al-Khazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 4. Bishr ibn Bara' ibn Ma'rar alKhazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 5. Bashar ibn Sa'd al-Khazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 6. Bilal ibn Rabah al-Muhajiri, Radi Allahu Anhu

Ta' 1. Tameem ibn Yu'ar al-Khazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 2. Tameem mawla Bana Ghanam alAwsi, Radi Allahu Anhu 3. Tameem mawla Khirash ibn asSimmah al-Khazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu Tha' 1. Thabit ibn Aqram al-Awsi, Radi Allahu Anhu 2. Thabit ibn Tha'labah al-Khazraji, Radi ALLAHu 'Anhu 3. Thabit ibn Khalid al-Khazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 4. Thabit ibn Khansa' al-Khazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 5. Thabit ibn 'Amr al-Khazraji, Radi ALLAHu 'Anhu 6. Thabit ibn Hazzal al-Khazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 7. Tha'labah ibn Hatib ibn 'Amr alAwsi, Radi Allahu Anhu 8. Tha'labah ibn 'Amr al-Khazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 9. Tha'labah ibn Ghanamah alKhazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 10. Thaqf ibn 'Amr al-Muhajiri, Radi

Allahu Anhu Jeem 1. Jabir ibn Khalid ibn 'Abd al-Ashhal al-Khazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 2. Jabir ibn 'Abdillah ibn Ri'ab alKhazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 3. Jabbar ibn Sakhr al-Khazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 4. Jabr ibn 'Atak al-Awsi, Radi Allahu Anhu 5. Jubayr ibn Iyas al-Khazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu Ha' 1. Al-Harith ibn Anas al-Awsi, Radi Allahu Anhu 2. Al-Harith ibn Aws ibn Rafi' alAwsi, Radi Allahu Anhu 3. Al-Harith ibn Aws ibn Mu'adh alAwsi, Radi Allahu Anhu 4. Al-Harith ibn Hatib al-Awsi, Radi Allahu Anhu 5. Al-Harith ibn Khazamah ibn 'Ada al-Awsi, Radi Allahu Anhu 6. Al-Harith ibn Khazamah alKhazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 7. Al-Harith ibn Abi Khazamah alAwsi, Radi Allahu Anhu 8. Al-Harith ibn as-Simmah al-

Khazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 9. Al-Harith ibn 'Arfajah al-Awsi, Radi Allahu Anhu 10. Al-Harith ibn Qays al-Awsi, Radi Allahu Anhu 11. Al-Harith ibn Qays al-Khazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 12. Al-Harith ibn an-Nu'man ibn Umayya al-Awsi, Radi Allahu Anhu 13. Harithah ibn Suraqa ash-Shahad al-Khazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 14. Harithah ibn an-Nu'man ibn Zayd al-Khazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 15. Hatib ibn Abi Balta'ah alMuhajiri, Radi Allahu Anhu 16. Hatib ibn 'Amr al-Muhajiri, Radi Allahu Anhu 17. Hubeeb ibn al-Mundhir alKhazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 18. Habeeb ibn al-Aswad al-Khazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 19. Haram ibn Milhan al-Khazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 20. Hurayth ibn Zayd al-Khazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 21. Husayn ibn al-Harith ibn alMuttalib al-Muhajiri, Radi Allahu Anhu 22. Hamza ibn al-Humayyir alKhazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu

23. Hamza ibn 'Abd al-Muttalib alMuhajiri, Radi Allahu Anhu

Kha' 1. Kharijah ibn al-Humayr alKhazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 2. Kharijah ibn Zayd al-Khazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 3. Khalid ibn al-Bukayr al-Muhajiri, Radi Allahu Anhu 4. Khalid ibn Qays al-Khazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 5. Khabbab ibn al-Aratt al-Muhajiri, Radi Allahu Anhu 6. Khabbab mawla 'Utba al-Muhajiri, Radi Allahu Anhu 7. Khubayb ibn Isaf al-Khazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 8. Khubayb ibn 'Ada al-Khazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 9. Khidash ibn Qatadah al-Awsi, Radi Allahu Anhu 10. Khirash ibn as-Simmah al-

Khazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 11. Khuraym ibn Fatik al-Muhajiri, Radi Allahu Anhu 12. Khallad ibn Rafi' al-Khazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 13. Khallad ibn Suwayd al-Khazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 14. Khallad ibn 'Amr al-Khazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 15. Khallad ibn Qays al-Khazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 16. Khulayd ibn Qays al-Khazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 17. Khalafa ibn 'Ada al-Khazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 18. Khunays ibn Hudhafah alMuhajiri, Radi Allahu Anhu 19. Khawwat ibn Jubayr al-Awsi, Radi Radi Allahu Anhu 20. Khawla ibn Abi Khawla alMuhajiri, Radi Allahu Anhu Dhal 1. Dhakwan ibn 'Abdi Qays alKhazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 2. Dhakwan ibn Sa'd al-Khazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu

3. Dhu'sh-shimalayn ibn 'Abd 'Amr ash-Shahad Radi Allahu Anhu Ra 1. Rashid ibn al-Mu'alla al-Khazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 2. Rafi' ibn al-Harith al-Khazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 3. Rafi' ibn al-Mu'alla ash-Shahad alKhazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 4. Rafi' ibn 'Unjudah al-Awsi, Radi Allahu Anhu 5. Rafi' ibn Malik al-Khazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 6. Rafi' ibn Yazeed al-Awsi, Radi Allahu Anhu 'Anhu 7. Rib'a ibn Rafi' al-Awsi, Radi Allahu Anhu 8. Rabee' ibn Iyas al-Khazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 9. Rabee'ah ibn Aktham al-Muhajiri, Radi Allahu Anhu 10. Rukhaylah ibn Tha'labah alKhazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 11. Rifa'ah ibn al-Harith al-Khazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 12. Rifa'ah ibn Rafi' al-Khazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu

13. Rifa'ah ibn 'Abd al-Mundhir alAwsi, Radi Allahu Anhu 14. Rifa'ah ibn 'Amr al-Khazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu Za 1. Ziyad ibn as-Sakan al-Awsi, Radi Allahu Anhu 2. Ziyad ibn 'Amr al-Khazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 3. Ziyad ibn Labad al-Khazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 4. Zayd ibn Aslam al-Awsi, Radi Allahu Anhu 5. Zayd ibn Harithah mawla Rasalillah al-Muhajiri, Radi Allahu Anhu 6. Zayd ibn al-Khattab al-Muhajiri, Radi Allahu Anhu 7. Zayd ibn al-Muzayyin al-Khazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 8. Zayd ibn al-Mu'alla al-Khazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 9. Zayd ibn Wada'ah al-Khazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu Seen

1. Salim ibn 'Umayr al-Awsi, Radi Allahu Anhu 2. Salim mawla Abi Hudhayfa alMuhajiri, Radi Allahu Anhu 3. As-Sa'ib ibn 'Uthman ibn Maz'an al-Muhajiri, Radi Allahu Anhu 4. Sabrah ibn Fatik al-Muhajiri, Radi Allahu Anhu 5. Subay' ibn Qays al-Khazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 6. Suraqa ibn 'Amr al-Khazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 7. Suraqa ibn Ka'b al-Khazraji 8. Sa'd ibn Khawlah al-Muhajiri 9. Sa'd ibn Khaythama ash-Shahad alAwsi 10. Sa'd ibn ar-Raba' al-Khazraji 11. Sa'd ibn Zayd al-Awsi 12. Sa'd ibn Sa'd al-Khazraji 13. Sa'd ibn Suhayl al-Khazraji 14. Sa'd ibn 'Ubada al-Khazraji 15. Sa'd ibn 'Ubayd al-Awsi 16. Sa'd ibn 'Uthman al-Khazraji 17. Sa'd ibn Mu'adh al-Awsi 18. Sa'd mawla Hatib Abi Balta'a alMuhajiri 19. Sufyan ibn Bishr al-Khazraji

20. Salamah ibn Aslam al-Awsi 21. Salamah ibn Thabit al-Awsi 22. Salamah ibn Salamah al-Awsi 23. Salat ibn Qays al-Khazraji 24. Sulaym ibn al-Harith al-Khazraji 25. Sulaym ibn 'Amr al-Khazraji 26. Sulaym ibn Qays al-Khazraji 27. Sulaym ibn Milhan al-Khazraji 28. Simak ibn Sa'd al-Khazraji 29. Sinan ibn Sayfa al-Khazraji 30. Sinan ibn Abi Sinan ibn Mihsan al-Muhajiri, Radi Allahu Anhu 31. Sahl ibn Hunayf al-Awsi, Radi ALLAHu 'Anhu 32. Sahl ibn Rafi' al-Khazraji Radi Allahu Anhu 33. Sahl ibn 'Atak al-Khazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 34. Sahl ibn Qays alKhazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 35. Suhayl ibn Rafi' al-Khazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 36. Suhayl ibn Wahb al-Muhajiri Radi Allahu Anhu 37. Sawad ibn Razam al-Khazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 38. Sawad ibn Ghaziyyah al-Khazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 39. Suwaybit ibn Sa'd ibn Harmalah al-Muhajiri, Radi Allahu Anhu i.e.

May Allah be pleased with him Sheen 1. Shuja' ibn Wahb ibn Raba'ah alMuhajiri, Radi Allahu Anhu 2. Sharak ibn Anas al-Awsi, Radi Allahu Anhu 3. Shammas ibn 'Uthman al-Muhajiri, Radi Allahu Anhu Sad 1. Sabah mawla Abi'l 'as al-Muhajiri, Radi Allahu Anhu 2. Safwan ibn Wahb ash-Shahad alMuhajiri, Radi Allahu Anhu 3. Suhayb ibn Sinan ar-Rami alMuhajiri, Radi Allahu Anhu 4. Sayfiyy ibn Sawad al-Khazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu Dad 1. Dahhak ibn al-Harithah alKhazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 2. Dahhak ibn 'Abdi 'Amr alKhazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 3. Damrah ibn 'Amr al-Khazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu

Ta' (wa) Za' 1. Tufayl ibn al-Harith ibn alMuttalib al-Muhajiri, Radi Allahu Anhu 2. Tufayl ibn Malik al-Khazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 3. Tufayl ibn an-Nu'man al-Khazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 4. Tulayb ibn 'Umayr al-Muhajiri, Radi Allahu Anhu 1. Zuhayr ibn Rafi' al-Awsi, Radi Allahu Anhu 'Ayn 1. 'Asim ibn Thabit al-Awsi, Radi Allahu Anhu 2. 'Asim ibn 'Ada al-Awsi, Radi Allahu Anhu 3. 'Asim ibn al-'Ukayr al-Khazraji 4. 'Asim ibn Qays al-Awsi 5. 'Aqil ibn al-Bukayr ash-Shahad alMuhajiri 6. 'Amir ibn Umayyah al-Khazraji 7. 'Amir ibn al-Bukayr al-Muhajiri 8. 'Amir ibn Raba'ah al-Muhajiri 9. 'Amir ibn Sa'd al-Khazraji 10. 'Amir ibn Salamah al-Khazraji

11. 'Amir ibn Fuhayrah al-Muhajiri 12. 'Amir ibn Mukhallad al-Khazraji 13. 'Aidh ibn Ma'is al-Khazraji 14. 'Abbad ibn Bishr al-Awsi 15. 'Ubbad ibn al-Khashkhash alKhazraji 16. 'Abbad ibn Qays ibn 'amir alKhazraji 17. 'Abbad ibn Qays ibn 'Ayshah alKhazraji 18. 'Ubadah ibn as-Samit al-Khazraji 19. 'AbdAllah ibn Tha'labah alKhazraji 20. 'AbdAllah ibn Jubayr al-Awsi 21. 'AbdAllah ibn Jahsh al-Muhajiri 22. 'AbdAllah ibn Jadd ibn Qays alKhazraji 23. 'AbdAllah ibn al-Humayr alKhazraji 24. 'AbdAllah ibn ar-Raba' alKhazraji 25. 'AbdAllah ibn Rawaha alKhazraji 26. 'AbdAllah ibn Zayd ibn Tha'labah al-Khazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 27. 'AbdAllah ibn Suraqa al-Muhajiri, Radi Allahu Anhu 28. 'AbdAllah ibn Salamah al-Awsi, Radi Allahu Anhu

29. 'AbdAllah ibn Sahl al-Awsi, Radi Radi Allahu Anhu 30. 'AbdAllah ibn Suhayl ibn 'Amr alMuhajiri 31. 'AbdAllah ibn Sharak al-Awsi 32. 'AbdAllah ibn Tariq al-Awsi 33. 'AbdAllah ibn 'amir al-Khazraji 34. 'AbdAllah ibn 'Abdillah ibn Ubay ibn Salal al-Khazraji 35. 'AbdAllah ibn 'Abdi Manaf ibn an-Nu'man al-Khazraji 36. 'AbdAllah ibn 'Abs al-Khazraji 37. 'AbdAllah ibn 'Urfutah alKhazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 38. 'AbdAllah ibn 'Amr al-Khazraji 39. 'AbdAllah ibn 'Umayr al-Khazraji 40. 'AbdAllah ibn Qays ibn Khaldah ibn Khalid al-Khazraji 41. 'AbdAllah ibn Qays ibn Sakhr alKhazraji 42. 'AbdAllah ibn Ka'b alKhazraji 43. 'AbdAllah ibn Makhramah alMuhajiri 44. 'AbdAllah ibn Mas'ad al-Muhajiri 45. 'AbdAllah ibn Maz'an alMuhajiri 46. 'AbdAllah ibn an-Nu'man alKhazraji 47. 'Abdu'rRahman ibn Jabr al-Awsi

48. 'Abdu Rabbihi ibn Haqq alKhazraji 49. 'Abs ibn 'amir al-Khazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 50. 'Ubayd ibn Aws al-Awsi, Radi Allahu Anhu 51. 'Ubayd ibn at-Tayyihan al-Awsi 52. 'Ubayd ibn Zayd al-Khazraji 53. 'Ubayd ibn Abi 'Ubayd al-Awsi 54. 'Ubaydah ibn al-Harith ashShahad al-Muhajiri 55. 'Itban ibn Malik al-Muhajiri 56. 'Utbah ibn Raba'ah al-Khazraji 57. 'Utbah ibn 'Abdillah al-Khazraji 58. 'Utbah ibn Ghazwan alMuhajiri,Radi Allahu Anhu 59. 'Uthman ibn Maz'an al-Muhajiri, Radi Allahu Anhu 60. Al-'Ajlan ibn an-Nu'man alKhazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 61. 'Adiyy ibn Abi az-Zaghba' alKhazraji 62. 'Ismah ibn al-Husain al-Khazraji 63. 'Usaymah halaf min Ashja' alKhazraji 64. 'Atiyya ibn Nuwayrah alKhazraji

65. 'Uqbah ibn 'amir ibn Naba alKhazraji 66. 'Uqbah ibn 'Uthman al-Khazraji 67. 'Uqbah ibn Wahb ibn Khaldah alKhazraji 68. 'Uqbah ibn Wahb ibn Raba'ah alMuhajiri, Radi Allahu Anhu 69. 'Ukkasha ibn Mihsan al-Muhajiri, Radi Allahu Anhu 70. 'Ammar ibn Yasir al-Muhajiri, Radi Allahu Anhu 71. 'Umarah ibn Hazm al-Khazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 72. 'Umarah ibn Ziyad al-Awsi, Radi Allahu Anhu 73. 'Amr ibn Iyas al-Khazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 74. 'Amr ibn Tha'labah al-Khazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 75. 'Amr ibn al-Jamah al-Khazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 76. 'Amr ibn al-Harith ibn Zuhayr alMuhajiri, Radi Allahu Anhu 77. 'Amr ibn al-Harith ibn Tha'laba al-Khazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 78. 'Amr ibn Suraqa al-Muhajiri 79. 'Amr ibn Abi Sarh al-Muhajiri 80. 'Amr ibn Talq al-Khazraji

81. 'Amr ibn 'Awf al-Muhajiri 82. 'Amr ibn Qays ibn Zayd alKhazraji 83. 'Amr ibn Mu'adh al-Awsi 84. 'Amr ibn Ma'bad al-Awsi 85. 'Umayr ibn Haram ibn al-Jamah al-Khazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 86. 'Umayr ibn al-Humam ashShahad al-Khazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 87. 'Umayr ibn 'amir al-Khazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 88. 'Umayr ibn Abi Waqqas ashShahad al-Muhajiri, Radi Allahu Anhu 89. 'Antarah mawla Sulaym ibn 'Amr al-Khazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 90. 'Awf ibn al-Harith ash-Shahad alKhazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 91. 'Uwaym ibn Sa'idah al-Awsi, Radi Allahu Anhu 92. 'Iyad ibn Zuhayr al-Muhajiri, Radi Allahu Anhu Ghayn (wa) Fa' 1. Ghannam ibn Aws al-Khazraji, Radi Allahu

Anhu 1. Fakih ibn Bishr al-Khazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 2. Farwah ibn 'Amr al-Khazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu Qaf 1. Qatadah ibn an-Nu'man al-Awsi, Radi Allahu Anhu 2. Qudamah ibn Maz'an al-Muhajiri, Radi Allahu Anhu 3. Qutbah ibn 'amir al-Khazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 4. Qays ibn as-Sakan al-Khazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 5. Qays ibn 'Amr ibn Zayd al-Khazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 6. Qays ibn Mihsan al-Khazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 7. Qays ibn Mukhallad al-Khazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu Kaf (wa) Lam

1. Ka'b ibn Jammaz al-Khazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 2. Ka'b ibn Zayd al-Khazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 3. Libdah ibn Qays al-Khazraji, 4. Harithah ibn Suraqa ash-Shahad alKhazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu Meem 1. Malik ibn ad-Dukhshum al-Khazraji, Radi Radi Allahu Anhu 2. Malik ibn Raba'ah al-Khazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 3. Malik ibn Rifa'ah al-Khazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 4. Malik ibn 'Amr al-Muhajiri, Radi Allahu Anhu 5. Malik ibn Qudama ibn 'Arfajah al-Awsi, Radi Allahu Anhu 6. Malik ibn Mas'ad al-Khazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 7. Malik ibn Numaylah al-Awsi, Radi Allahu

Anhu 8. Malik ibn Abi Khawla al-Muhajiri, Radi Allahu Anhu 9. Mubash-shir ibn 'Abdi'l Mundhir ashShahad al-Awsi, Radi Allahu Anhu 10. Al-Mujadhdhar ibn Ziyad al-Khazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 11. Muhriz ibn 'amir al-Khazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 12. Muhriz ibn Nadlah al-Muhajiri, Radi Allahu Anhu 13. Muhammad ibn Maslamah al-Awsi, Radi Allahu Anhu 14. Midlaj ibn 'Amr al-Muhajiri, Radi Allahu Anhu 15. Murarah ibn ar-Raba' al-Awsi, Radi Allahu Anhu 16. Marthad ibn Abi Marthad al-Muhajiri, Radi Allahu Anhu 17. Mistah ibn Uthatha al-Muhajiri, Radi Allahu Anhu 18. Mas'ad ibn Aws al-Khazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu

19. Mas'ad ibn Khaldah al-Khazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 20. Mas'ad ibn Raba'ah al-Muhajiri, Radi Allahu Anhu 21. Mas'ad ibn Zayd al-Khazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 22. Mas'ad ibn Sa'd ibn Qays al-Khazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 23. Mas'ad ibn 'Abdi Sa'd ibn 'amir al-Awsi, Radi Allahu Anhu 24. Mus'ab ibn 'Umayr al-Muhajiri, Radi Allahu Anhu 25. Muzahhir ibn Rafi' al-Awsi, Radi Allahu Anhu 26. Mu'adh ibn Jabal al-Khazraji 27. Mu'adh ibn al-Harith al-Khazraji 28. Mu'adh ibn as-Simmah al-Khazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 29. Mu'adh ibn 'Amr bin al-Jamah alKhazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 30. Mu'adh ibn Ma'is al-Khazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu

31. Ma'bad ibn 'Abbad al-Khazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 32. Ma'bad ibn Qays al-Khazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 33. Mu'attib ibn 'Ubayd al-Awsi 34. Mu'attib ibn 'Awf al-Muhajiri 35. Mu'attib ibn Qushayr al-Awsi 36. Ma'qil ibn al-Mundhir al-Khazraji 37. Ma'mar ibn al-Harith al-Muhajiri 38. Ma'n ibn 'Adiyy al-Awsi 39. Ma'n ibn Yazeed al-Muhajiri 40. Mu'awwidh ibn al-Harith ash-Shahid alKhazraji 41. Mu'awwidh ibn 'Amr ibn al-Jamah alKhazraji 42. Al-Miqdad ibn 'Amr al-Muhajiri 43. Mulayl ibn Wabrah al-Khazraji 44. Al-Mundhir ibn 'Amr al-Khazraji 45. Al-Mundhir ibn Qudama ibn 'Arfajah alAwsi 46. Al-Mundhir ibn Muhammad al-Awsi Noon 1. An-Nasr ibn al-Harith al-Awsi

2. Nu'man ibn al-A'raj ibn Malik al-Khazraji 3. Nu'man ibn Sinan al-Khazraji 4. Nu'man ibn 'Asr al-Awsi 5. Nu'man ibn 'Amr ibn Rifa'ah al-Khazraji 6. Nu'man ibn 'Abdi 'Amr al-Khazraji 7. Nu'man ibn Malik al-Khazraji 8. Nu'man ibn Abi Khazamah al-Awsi 9. Nu'ayman ibn 'Amr al-Khazraji 10. Nawfal ibn 'Abdillah al-Khazraji Ha' 1. Hana' ibn Niyar al-Awsi 2. Hubayl ibn Wabrah al-Khazraji 3. Hilal ibn 'Umayya al-Waqifa al-Khazraji 4. Hilal ibn al-Mu'alla al-Khazraji Waw 1. Waqid ibn 'Abdillah al-Muhajiri 2. Wada'ah ibn 'Amr al-Khazraji 3. Waraqa ibn Iyas al-Khazraji 4. Wahb ibn Sa'd ibn Abi Sarh al-Muhajiri Ya'

1. Yazeed ibn al-Akhnas al-Muhajiri 2. Yazeed ibn al-Harith ibn Fushum ashShaheed al-Khazraji 3. Yazeed ibn Hiram al-Khazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 4. Yazeed ibn Ruqaysh al-Muhajiri, Radi Allahu Anhu 5. Yazeed ibn as-Sakan al-Awsi, Radi Allahu Anhu 6. Yazeed ibn al-Mundhir al-Khazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu Al-Kuniyah (Nick Names) 1. Abu'l A'war, ibn al-Harith al-Khazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 2. Abi Ayyab al-Ansara, Khalid ibn Zayd alKhazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 3. Abi Habbah, ibn 'Amr ibn Thabit al-Awsi, Radi Allahu Anhu 4. Abi Habab, ibn Zayd al-Khazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 5. Abi Hudhayfa, Mihsham ibn 'Utba alMuhajiri, Radi Allahu Anhu

6. Abi Hasan, ibn 'Amr al-Khazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 7. Abu'l Hamra' mawla al-Harith al-Khazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 8. Abi Hannah, ibn Malik al-Awsi 9. Abi Kharijah, 'Amr ibn Qays ibn Malik alKhazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 10. Abi Khuzaymah, ibn Aws al-Khazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 11. Abi Khallad, ibn Qays al-Khazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 12. Abi Dawad, 'Umayr ibn 'amir al-Khazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 13. Abi Dujanah, Simak ibn Kharashah alKhazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 14. Abi Sabrah mawla Abi Ruhm al-Muhajiri, Radi Allahu Anhu 15. Abi Salamah, 'AbdAllah ibn 'Abd al-Asad al-Muhajiri, Radi Allahu Anhu 16. Abi Salat, Usayra ibn 'Amr al-Khazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 17. Abi Sinan, ibn Mihsan al-Muhajiri, Radi Allahu Anhu

18. Abi Shaykh, Ubayy ibn Thabit alKhazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 19. Abi Sirmah, ibn Qays al-Khazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 20. Abi Dayyah, ibn Thabit al-Awsi, Radi Allahu Anhu 21. Abi Talha, Zayd ibn Sahl al-Khazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 22. Abi 'Abs, ibn Jabr ibn 'Amr al-Awsi, Radi Allahu Anhu 23. Abi 'Aqal, 'Abdu'rRahman ibn 'Abdillah al-Awsi, Radi Allahu Anhu 24. Abi Qatadah, ibn Rib'iyy al-Khazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 25. Abi Qays, ibn al-Mu'alla al-Khazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 26. Abi Kabshah mawla Rasalillah alMuhajiri, Radi Allahu Anhu 27. Abi Lubabah, Bashar ibn 'Abd al-Mundhir al-Awsi, Radi Allahu Anhu 28. Abi Makhshiyy, Suwayd ibn Makhshiyy al-Muhajiri, Radi Allahu Anhu 29. Abi Marthad, Kannaz ibn Hisn al-

Muhajiri, Radi Allahu Anhu 30. Abi Mas'ad al-Badra, 'Uqbah ibn 'Amr alKhazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 31. Abi Mulayl, ibn al-Az'ar al-Awsi, Radi Allahu Anhu 32. Abu'l Mundhir, ibn 'amir al-Khazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu 33. Abu'l Haytham, Malik at-Tayyihan alAwsi, Radi Allahu Anhu 34. Abu'l Yasar, Ka'b ibn 'Amr al-Khazraji, Radi Allahu Anhu.

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