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Blood is a fluid connective tissue. Blood cells are known as Corpuscles. Blood
always exists from the pre occurring blood cells
Blood lacks fibers.
It is heavier than water
PH in between 7.3 to 7.4
It is more viscous than water
The matrix of the blood is plasma
Blood constitutes 2 main components plasma and corpuscles.
Composition of Blood
lood
Bloodelements
Formed corpuscles
of blood
Plasma
Granulocytes Agranulocytes
Functions of Plasma
1. Plasma helps in transportation of various chemicals, Harmones , ions etc.
2. Plasma provides body immunities through immunoglobulins.
3. It helps in retention of fluid in the blood
4. It helps in maintenance of blood pH
5. It helps in uniform distribution of heat all over the body.
6. It conducts heat to skin for dissipation.
Blood Corpuscles
Blood cells are known as corpuscles
It forms 40% - 45% of the whole blood
Blood corpuscles are of 3 types -
(i) RBC
(ii) WBC
When oxygen pressure is low oxygen dissociates from the Haemoglobin and CO2
replaces it which is called deoxyhaemoglobin. Hence, Hemoglobin carries oxygen
and CO2. Carbondioxide is mainly carried by plasma and the RBC Haemoglobin
is a respiratory pigment which is attached by coordination bonding to the O2.
(a) Granulocytes :
Granules are 68%
Granulocytes are further categorized into 3 types
(i) Acidophils (Eosinophils) (ii) Basophilis (iii) Neutrophils
(ii) Basophils
These are minimum in the WBCs.
Nucleus is less distinct.
They represent most cells.
They secretes Histamine, Heparin, and serotonin,
(iii) Neutrophils
These does not retain any of the dyes (neither acidic nor basic)
They are more in no in WBC.
There nucleus is multilobed
Neutrophils are phagocytic (feeder) in nature
Its number always increases during pus formation (or) bacterial infection.
(b) Agranulocytes
Granules are 32% if present
Granules are either absent or in very low percentage
Agranulocytes are produced in the lymph glands like spleen, thymus etc.
Agranulocytes are divided into 2 parts
Lymphocytes, Monocytes
LYMPHOCYTES MONOCYTES
These are the smallest WBCs. These are the largest WBCs.
Nucleus is central Nucleus is horse shoe shaped.
Life span is of 3 days Life span is of 28 days
Life span is of 3 days Life span is of 28 days
It produces chemical called Antibodies They are phagocytic (engulfing) in
nature
PLASMA SERUM
Plasma is a viscous solution containing Serum is the blood plasma without
organic and inorganic substances fibrinogen protein
Plasma can coagulate due to presence of Serum can not coagulate due t
Fibrinogen. the absence of fibrinogen
Plasma contains normal no. of RBCs It has less no of RBCs and platelets
and platelets.
BLOOD LYMPH
Blood consists of plasma, leukocyte, It consists of plasma and leukocyte.
erythrocytes and platelets.
Blood appears to be red due to Lymph appears to be transparent due to
hemoglobin leukocytes.
Glucose concentration is less is blood Glucose concentration is higher in lymph
Blood carries several materials in the Lymph transfers material from the blood to
body the body cell.
The amount of CO2 and other metabolic The metabolic wastes are much more in the
waste are normal in the blood. lymph.
The percentage of ions (Ca2+ and The percentage of ions (Ca2+ phosphorous
Phosphorous) can be more in the blood and other protein) can be normal in the
with the dissolve metabolized. lymph
FUNCTIONS OF BLOOD
1. Blood transports many substances from one part of the body to the other part.
Blood helps in transport of various chemicals, hormones, ions, food materials
(from intestine to the various body parts), and respiratory gases (i.e., O2 from
lungs to various tissues and CO2 from various tissue to lung.)
2. Blood helps in uniform distribution of heat all over the body.
3. The fluid of blood (plasma) helps in retention of water in the blood.
4. Blood helps in transport of excretory substance (urea ) from tissues to the
excretory organs.
5. Blood maintains the body temperature by distribution of heat.
6. Blood helps in maintaining water balance in the body by exchange of water
between
circulating flood and tissue fluid.
7. Blood helps in maintenance of pH of the body because it has lot of inorganic
substance or ions dissolve in plasma which neutralize acid (or) base.
8. Blood (RBCs of blood) capture the oxygen and carbondioxide by
haemoglobin and hence, helps in respiration.
9. White blood corpuscles are defensive in function. It provide immunity to the
body and secrete various antibodies to kill foreign microorganism.
10. Blood contains various anticoagulant substances like heparin, antithrombin
etc. These
chemicals does not allow to coagulate the blood. That is, It prevents internal
bleeding.
11. The platelets of blood prevent excessive loss of blood by clotting it during
injuries.