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that problems of gender discrimination be identified and overcome in policies and programs. Advocacy entails an activist and assertive form of gender awareness, vigilance that gender issues are not overlooked, and persistence that gender issues be addressed.
Biological Determinism
A theory that biological differences between women and men dictate a difference in social roles and personality, and that these differences reinforce the notion that men are superior and women are inferior.
Class vs Status
Class refers to the degree to which one has access to social and economic resources, with the upper class having the greatest access and the lower and middle classes having proportionately less. It is typically measured by a person's income or the relative status of her or his occupation. Status, or prestige, is the social value attached to one's position in the class hierarchy.
Condition vs Position
Condition refers to women's perceptible or objective state. It is the state of their relationship with their surroundings and immediate sphere of experience. Position refers to their social and economic standing relative to men
Consciousness Raising
The process of making people aware of the lower status of women and the possibility of raising this status.
Marginalization
Women being considered a nonessential force in the economy despite their crucial role in production. Their contributions to development remain unrecognized or undervalued.
Discrimination
Overt behavior in which people are given different and unfavorable treatment on the basis of their race, class, sex, and cultural status.
Feminism
A worldwide movement that seeks to raise women's political, economic and social status and fights for gender equality in all aspects of life in all societies. The concepts underlying feminism continue to evolve according to the socioeconomic, political and cultural context in which the movement is taking place.
Gender equality means that women and men enjoy the same status and conditions and have equal opportunity for realizing their potential to contribute to the political, economic, social and cultural development of their countries. Gender equity moves beyond a focus on equal treatment. It means giving to those who have less on the basis of needs, and taking steps to compensate for historical and social disadvantages that prevent women and men from otherwise operating on a level playing field.
Gender-Fair Society
A society where women and men share equally in responsibilities, power, authority and decision making.
Gender Gap
The gap between women and men in terms of how they benefit from education, employment, services, and so on. Gender ideology is based on the pseudoscientific theory of biological determinism. Gender roles are culturally defined attitudes, behaviors and social positions that are based on sex. Sex roles are those that are based on an occupation, such as being a housewife, or a biological function, such as motherhood.
Gender Stereotyping
Society's perceptions and value systems that instill an image of women as weak, dependent, subordinate, indecisive, emotional and submissive.
Gender Subordination
Submission, sometimes due to force or violence, or being under the authority of one sex.
c) Prostituting the woman or her child. C. Psychological violence refers to acts or omissions causing or likely to cause mental or emotional suffering of the victim such as but not limited to intimidation, harassment, stalking, damage to property, public ridicule or humiliation, repeated verbal abuse and marital infidelity. It includes causing or allowing the victim to witness the physical, sexual or psychological abuse of a member of the family to which the victim belongs, or to witness pornography in any form or to witness abusive injury to pets or to unlawful or unwanted deprivation of the right to custody and/or visitation of common children. D. Economic abuse refers to acts that make or attempt to make a woman financially dependent which includes, but is not limited to the following:
withdrawal of financial support or preventing the victim from engaging in any legitimate profession, occupation, business or activity, except in cases wherein the other spouse/partner objects on valid, serious and moral grounds as defined in Article 73 of the Family Code; deprivation or threat of deprivation of financial resources and the right to the use and enjoyment of the conjugal, community or property owned in common; destroying household property; controlling the victims own money or properties or solely