Waste Management Event Athens, October 22, 2009

How to Apply Scandinavian Waste to Energy Technology to the Greek Market

Professor Anders Kullendorff / Stig Backman

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Waste Management Event Athens, October 22, 2009

Some Comparative Figures from Greece & Sweden

No of inhabitants Area ( 1 000 km2) Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) per person (2006) Imported energy 68,5 % Energy from Biomass, biogas > 3,5 % * and MSW * Share of the RES installed power ** Share of total energy use 2008

Greece 11,2 million 130,7 443 kg/year

Sweden 9,0 million 410,3 497 kg/year 37,2 % ~ 17 % **

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Waste Management Event Athens, October 22, 2009

Composition of Municipal Waste in Greece

Other Metals 3% Glass 3% Plastic 14% 11% 40% Organic

29%

Paper

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Waste Management Event Athens, October 22, 2009

The Swedish Principle of Handling Waste

AVOID REUSE RECOVER MATERIAL

THE WASTE STAIR

RECOVER ENERGY

PUT IN LANDFILL

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Waste Management Event Athens, October 22, 2009

Waste Handling in Greece and Sweden 2008

80%

70%

60%

Greece Sweden

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0% Hazardous waste Material Recycling Landfill Energy Recovery Biological treatment

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Waste Management Event Athens, October 22, 2009

Waste Handling in Greece and Sweden

A Greek landfill Renova Waste to Energy Plant in Gteborg, Sweden.

In Greece 5 million tonnes of municipal waste was collected in 2008. More than 3,7 million tonnes of this waste was put in landfills. Whereas 1,3 million tonnes was recycled.

In Sweden 4,7 million tonnes of municipal waste was collected in 2008. 2,3 million tonnes was material recycled and biological treated, 2,2 million tonnes was incinerated with energy recovery and 0,19 million tonnes was put in landfills.

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Waste Management Event Athens, October 22, 2009

EU Directives A number of important EU Directives govern the waste handling within the European Union. Out of these one is of special interest at this conference; Directive 1999/31/EC on landfill of waste Stipulates among other things the time schedule to reduce the amount of waste that goes to landfills. The milestone dates are; 2010 the amount of biodegradable municipal waste to landfills shall be reduced to 75% of the amount that was put in landfills 1995. 2013 the amount shall be reduced to 50% 2020 the amount shall be reduced to 35%

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Waste Management Event Athens, October 22, 2009

9 000 000

Waste Situation in Greece

8 000 000 MSW 1% increase 2% increase 3% increase BMW EU Directive 7 000 000

Future Increase

6 000 000

tonne per year

5 000 000 Municipal Solid Waste 4 000 000

3 000 000

Biodegradable Municipal Waste Requirement by EU Directive

75% - 2010

2 000 000

50% - 2013 35% - 2020

1 000 000 Today 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025

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Waste Management Event Athens, October 22, 2009

A Modern Waste Handling System

RECOVERED METAL & GLASS

HEAT

MSW

SORTING COMBUSTABLE WASTE

REJECT

INCINERATION
ELECTRICITY START UP & SUPPORT FUEL TO EXTERNAL CONSUMERS

ORGANIC WASTE

BIOGAS PRODUCTION

BIOGAS

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Waste Management Event Athens, October 22, 2009

Waste Sorting at the Source Small Scale

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Waste Management Event Athens, October 22, 2009

Waste Sorting at the Source Medium Scale

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Waste Management Event Athens, October 22, 2009

Waste Sorting Plant Diagram Large Scale

GLASS METAL

MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE

SORTING BELT CONVEYOR

MAGNETIC SEPARATOR

ROTARY SCREEN
TO COMBUSTION

ORGANIC WASTE

METAL (iron)

DUST

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Waste Management Event Athens, October 22, 2009

Waste Sorting Plant

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Waste Management Event Athens, October 22, 2009

Manual Sorting of Waste

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Waste Management Event Athens, October 22, 2009

Bio Gas Plant

ORGANIC WASTE

BIO SEPARATOR

BUFFER TANK

DIGESTER TANK

BIOGAS

REJECT TO COMBUSTION

DIGESTER BUFFER

TO WATER TREATMENT

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Waste Management Event Athens, October 22, 2009

Bio Gas Plant

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Waste Management Event Athens, October 22, 2009

Uncontrolled Fires in Landfills Create Dangerous Emissions of Dioxins

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Waste Management Event Athens, October 22, 2009

Dioxin emissions to air 1985 - 2005 from the 30 incinerators across Sweden - no longer an issue

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Waste Management Event Athens, October 22, 2009

Energy from Waste in Sweden

4.470.690 tonnes of municipal and industrial waste is incinerated generating 13,64 TWh (Terawatt-hours) during 2008 (corresponding to appr. 1 400 000 toe)

30 incinerators across Sweden, connected to district energy systems 19 of the 30 incinerators are cogeneration plants Total emission of dioxins from the 30 incinerators across Sweden <0.45g during 2008!!! Total dioxin (industrial, etc) emissions in Sweden 100130g

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Waste Management Event Athens, October 22, 2009

Waste to Energy Plant Grate Fired Boiler

18 8 27 12 5 9 4 6 1 2 7 23 30 14 3 10 13 11 15 22 17 26 21 25 29 24 28 16 20 31 19

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Waste Management Event Athens, October 22, 2009

Waste to Energy Plant Fluidised Bed Boiler

Boiler Fuel storage Fuel feeding

Fuel feeding silo Turbine & generator Receiving building From f uel preparation Magnetic separator District heating Bag house filter Flue gas circulation Cyclone separator

Flue gas cleaning and ash handling

Stack

Active carbon Srew feeder Air system Lime stone Return sand Bottom ash Fly ash Ash from second pass Flue gas f an

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Waste Management Event Athens, October 22, 2009

What Could Comprehensive Waste Handling Mean for Greece

Total quantity of MSW 35% goes to landfill 65% goes to processing Sorted out for biological treatment Glass & metal Reject from biological treatment Water pressed out from reject To Waste to Energy (WtE) Plant 5 000 000 tonnes 1 750 000 tonnes 3 250 000 tonnes 430 000 tonnes 138 000 tonnes 86 000 tonnes 38 000 tonnes 2 768 000 tonnes 100 % 35 % 65 % 9% 3% 2% 1% 55 %

Footnote The first WtE plant in Sweden was commissioned at Lvsta (Stockholm) in 1907.

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Waste Management Event Athens, October 22, 2009

Energy Recovery from 3 250 000 Tonnes Processed MSW

Energy in waste fuel to WtE Plant Corresponds to Biogas production Biogas energy Electric energy production (only) Combined heat and electricity (CHP) Heat Electricity 8 100 000 731 000 33 000 000 326 000 2 300 000 MWh/year tonnes of fuel oil Nm3/year MWh/year MWh/year

5 600 000 1 800 000

MWh/year MWh/year

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Waste Management Event Athens, October 22, 2009

EU renewable energy share 2005 and proposed targets for 2020

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Waste Management Event Athens, October 22, 2009

The Nature Favourites Modern Swedish Waste Handling

View of Today

Vision of the Future

Thank You for Your Attention!

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