Mongolia

Millennium Development Goals

Current Situation in Nalaikh District
First report summary

Millennium Development Goals

Current Situation in Nalaikh district
First Report summary
2009
The Millennium Development Goals: Current Situation in Nalaikh district First
Report Summary has been published in both Mongolian and English.
Printed by Grand Fontaine company with the financial support of the Poverty,
MDGs Monitoring and Assessment System support (PMMS) project, UNDP,
Mongolia.
Summary report compiled by: B.Myagmartseren, Coordinator of Nalaikh

district project unit

E.Erdenetsetseg, Expert of Nalaikh district

project unit

Summary translated by:

N.Munkhtuya, localization expert,

PMMS project

CURRENT SITUATION IN NALAIKH DISTRICTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS
General information
Nalaikh MDGs localization pilot area................................................................................4
Purpose of the Nalaikh districts MDGs report .................................................................4

Chapter 1. The Millennium Development Goals Implementation

Goal 1. Reduce poverty and hunger.................................................................4

Goal 2. Achieve universal primary education...................................................6

Goal 3. Promote gender equality and empower women..................................6

Goal 4. Reduce child mortality ........................................................................8

Goal 5. Improve maternal health......................................................................8

Goal 6. Combat STIs/HIV/AIDS and TB, reverse other diseases.....................9

Goal 9. Strenthen human rights and foster democratic governance ..............13

Goal 7. Ensure environmental sustainability ..................................................10

Chapter 2. Evaluation And Trend Analysis In Implementation

Of MDGs

Annexes

Annex 1. List of required studies in area of MDGs ......................................16

Annex 2. MDGs implementation and availability of information ...................17
Annex 3. Nalaikh districts Citizens Representatives Khural resolution.......19

MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS

General information
Nalaikh is one of nine districts of Ulaanbaatar city and located in 36km east of
Ulaanbaatar which is forest steppe region. Average winter temperature is -20C-26C and
simmer time its +23C+26C. Nalaikh district borders with Bayanzurkh district, Sergelen and
Erdene soums of Tuv aimag. Totally population is 27000 and it is the seventh largest district
by its population size. Total area is 68.7 thousand square hectars and 41.1% of its area
is state special protected area. There are 6 administrative unit- khoroos and 60 thousand
livestocks.
Nalaikh as a pilot district of MDGs localization initiative
Mongolia has pledged its commitment to the Millienium Declaration and defined its
own Mongolia-specific Millienium Development Goals approved by its Parliament in 2005.
Remarkably, Mongolia has defined and adopted , in addition to the eight common goals, the
9th MDG on strengthening human rights and fostering democratic governance.
In order to facilitate the MDGs implementations, UNDP CO is rendering major
assistance to the district through the Poverty, MDGS Monitoring and Assessment system
support project next to the Ministry of Finance of Mongolia.
In the framework of this project, the MDGs localization has been piloting in four
aimags and two districts of Ulaanbaatar where Nalaikh has been selected one of these pilot
locations. To support the MDGs localization initiatives at the district, the Policy committee
on district MDGs was established by the Nalaikh districts Citizens Representatives Khural
(local parliament) resolution on January 18th, 2009. The resolution also assigned the Policy
Committee to develop local level MDGs and get approval of the district CRH and to report
the implementation progresses to the district CRH in every two years. Accordingly, the first
report on the district MDGs has developed based on the district level baseline studies and
data information.
CHAPTER 1. MDGs IMPLEMENTATION
GOAL 1. REDUCE POVERTY AND HUNGER
Target 1:

Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people whose income
is below the minimum living standard

Poverty situation
In 2000, there were 13532 persons (3031 households) which is 63.1% of total population
lived in poverty in Nalaikh district and it dropped to 8612 persons (2238 households) which
is 34.3% in 2005, 22.36% in 2007 respectively. 44.55% of population, living in poverty
is children aged between 0-15, and 50%of them is working age group and 5.5% is retired
people.
Although, poverty rate in Nalaikh district was 11.8 points lower comparing to national
average, its 5.4 points higher than the Ulaanbaatar city average.
Poverty rate has not reduced in Nalaikh district although number of programs and
policies on poverty reduction and employment generations has been implemented by the
government. Therefore, at district level poverty and unemployment reduction initiatives and
livelihood support programmes needs to be integrated with peoples participation.
Skilled professionals are lacking thus, vocational training and production centers shall
need to prepare the skilled workers who can convert their skills inconformity with labour
market demand and life long training is needed for the unemployed graduates of 11th
grades of secondary schools.

CURRENT SITUATION IN NALAIKH DISTRICTS

Target 2:

Reduce by six times, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people
who suffer from malnutrition

Prevalence of malnutrition among children under five

Prevalence of malnutrition among children under five was 28.3% in 1997 while it
dropped to 1% in 2007 showing of 27.3% of dramatic drop.
Prevalence of stunting /height for age/ children under five age was 10.9% in 1997 and
dropped to 1% in 2007, and proportion of wasting children under five age has decreased by
5 full points reaching at 1% in 2007.
There is a decreasing tendency in anemia among children under five age and further D
and A vitamins supply coverage needs to be increased.
Vulnerable group people are mostly affected by the malnutritions. Although it is
decreasing there is a high risk group in the society who can easily affected by the malnutrition
due to global food supply shortage, rapid growth in food price, and low income and lack of
job place
Target 3:

Increase employment rate of population, reduce youth unemployment

rate who are newly entering to the labour market

Employment in Nalaikh district

Population of Nalaikh district reached at 26992 in 2007 and working age population
takes 64.9%, economically active population takes 39.1% and employees take 38.08% of
total population.
Level of labour force participation was 35.99% in 2000, and it increased by 24.2%
reaching at 6.19% in 2007. Moreover, unemployment rate was 1.6% in 2006 and it
increased to 2.6% in 2007 which reveals that more people started to register in employment
offices. Number of unemployed rose due to sereval resons for instance: more people
are registering at the employment office, number of skilled workers who can meet the
employers requirements are so few, registered unemployeds skill is low and has no working
experiences, and internal migration has accelerated from the eastern aimag and accordingly
level of labour force participation has risen in Nalaikh district.
By 2000, 1.06% of total population was unemployed youth aged 15-24, while it
decreased to 0.3% in 2007.
Recently, number of investment projects has been plannining in area of mining, light
industry and food production. Thus, an integrated programme on vocational education and
training needs to be developed according to labour market demand and its tendencies.
Target 4:

Reduce negative effects of population concentration and migration,

provide migrants with basic social services

Current situation of internal migration

18.3% out of total participants in the internal migration at Nalaikh district is those who
came to to the district, 81.7% is left Nalaikh district and population has reduced by 354
persons in 2001 while in 2007, those who came to Nalaikh was 81.2% and those who left
was 18.7% and number of population has increased by 461 persons. Recent years, number
of migrants to Nalaikh district has increased due to increase of private sector expansion
and foreign direct investment growth in construction material production sector, raw material
processing entities as well as in tour camps.
Moreover, people are migrating to Nalaikh for owning the land near to Ulaanbaatar.
1/3 of the total new comers are not registered. Unregistered status limits the migrants
possibilities to receive the basic social services. Main reason of unregisteration is loss of
official ID or documents, lack of disregistration from the migrated place, financial problem,

MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS

wiliness to move again to other place etc. 

Although registration has been improved comparatively, issues to provide with equal
rights and possibilities to access to social services and with favourable living and working
conditions for migrants are remain critical.
GOAL 2. ACHIEVE UNIVERSAL PRIMARY EDUCATION
Target 5: Provide primary education for all children by 2015
Primary education attainment
By the end of 2007, there are five secondary schools, and one primary school and
two of them are private schools and four are financed by the state subsidy. There is one
vocational education and training center is running its activities.
At district level, there are 238 teachers and 5315 children belong to educational sector,
where 46.8% is studying at primary, 40.3% is at basic education (until 8th grade) and 12.7%
is attaining a secondary education.
Net enrolment ratio in primary education
Net enrolment ratio was 147.3 in 2000 and while it decreased to 129.5 in 2007. Net
enrolment ratio in Nalaikh is higher than of national and Ulaanbaatar city level, due to large
number of children aged 6-7 who has enrolled at schoold in Nalaikh district.
According to the drop-out study, 80% of total dropped out children is left their school
during the primary education level.
Improving enrolment rate in kindergardens plays important role in reducing the school
drop-out rate. At district, 51.6% out of total children went to kindergardens in 2007.
Proportion of pupils starting grade 1 who reach grade 5
Proportion of pupils starting grade 1 who reach grade 5 was 77.9% in 2000, while it
increased to 110.6% in 2005 showing the total of 33.51 points increase. However, it has
dropped to 71.2% in 2007, revealed 39.4 points drop comparing to 2005 level.
Between 2007 and 2008 school year, totally 101 children are dropped out of school and
71 of them are children aged 7-15.
Number of pupils studying in 1-5 grades is decreasing due to rapid drop outs.
Lack of school facility, textbook and other materials are affecting negatively to the
informal education attainment activities for those who dropped out of school, illerate youth
and children with disability.
Literacy rate of 15-24 year-olds
Illiterate person aged 15-24 was 46 in 2000 while it dropped to 20 in 2007. In other
words, literacy rate was 99.01% in 2000 while it reached at 99.68% in 2007 showing the
0.6 points increase.
Although, majority part of the local budget is allocated to educational sector /65.4% in
2007/, school environment and quality have not improved significantly.
GOAL 3. PROMOTE GENDER EQUALITY AND EMPOWER WOMEN
Target 6:

Achieve appropriate sex ratio in primary and secondary education

preferably by 2009, and in all levels of education institutions no later
than 2015

 MSWL, UNFPA and PTRC, Ulaanbaatar poverty and migration, sample survey report 2004

CURRENT SITUATION IN NALAIKH DISTRICTS

Gender situation in primary and secondary education

There were 2459 male and 2755 female pupils out of total 5217 pupils and the sex
ratio was 1.0 in 2000 in Nalaikh district while it dropped to 0.9 in 2006 and slightly increased
to 1.02 in 2007 respectively.
As of the sex ratio in secondary education, it was 0.75 in 2007 and 0.88 in 2007 which
reveals slight domination in girls number. According to the above mentioned statistics, sex
ratio in primary education is equal however, in secondary or in high school; the proportion of
girls is higher than of boys. Low proportion of boys in secondary education affects badly to
the appropriate sex ratio in higher education.
Moreover, due to the intensive curriculum and shift into specialized -teachers
instructions; during the shift to 6th grade, pupils attention to and interest in their studies
drops down abruptly according to teachers observations. During this given time, attention
of both teachers and parents are essential for childrens study.
There are 18 pupils dropped out of school in 2007, and 6 of them are gils which is
33.3% of total. Majority of the dropped out of school children are boys.
Actions aimed at ensuring an appropriate sex ratio in middle and higher grades, and
keeping its balance sustainably is missing. School authorities, teachers and parent dont
have sufficient knowledge and understanding about the gender equality.
Target 7:

Ensure gender equality in wage employment

Share of women in wage employment in the non-agricultural sector

Totally 10279 persons are working in 17 different economic sectors according to 2007
in Nalaikh district. Out of total wage employees, 48.3% is women and out of total female
employees, 48.5% is women who are working in non-agricultural sector.
Out of total women working in the non-agricultural sectors, 13.9% is in mining and,
12.4% is in processing industry, 26% is in whole-sale trading, 12.6% is in educational sector,
and 10.5% is in health organizations, 7.2% is in public administration, defence, force and
insurance sectors, and 4.8% is in transportation, telecommunications and warehouse and
rest are in hospitality and service industry.
Owing to the specificness of the district economy, 29.7% of total employees in mining
sector is women however, majority of employees in service industry are women.

Target 8:
Increase participation of women in politics and decision making levels

Participation of women in politics and decision making levels
Totally 25 representatives were elected in Citizens Representatives Hural of Nalaikh
district in years 1992-1994 and only 12% of them were women while it increased to 25% in
years 1996-2000; to 28.5% in years 2000-2004 and to 20% in years 2004-2008. In total it
increased by 8% between 1992 and 2007.
There were 4 women governors out of total 6 in 1992, while it dropped by 22.3% and
one woman was appointed as a governor in 2006 and 2007 respectively.
There are 4 departments in the district governors office, and there was one female
director in years 1996-2000 and two in years 2004-2008.
There are 22 agencies in Nalaikh, and 8 of them are headed by the women directors
which accounts 36.4%.
There is policy and action is missing in Nalaikh district to promote womens participation
in politics and decision making levels. Thus, it is required to develop and implement the
programme on promoting the gender equality for impacting to the main public and decision
makers and to build the system promoting civil society organizations participation and their
collaborations. Further women leaders in different sectors need to be encouraged and
promoted.

MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS

GOAL 4. REDUCE CHILD MORTALITY

Target 9:

Reduce by 4 times, between 1990 and 2015, the under-five mortality

rate

Under-five mortality rate

Under-five mortality rate was 8.03 per every 1000 live births in 2000 and although it
dropped by 1.81 promile and stood at 1.81 in 2006, and it increased again in 2007 reaching
at 9.88.
Infant mortality rate
As of the infant mortality, there is a tendency of decrease. Infant mortality rate per
every 1000 live births was 32.13 in 2000, and it increased to 41.83 in 2005 and dropped to
19.77 in 2007.
In 2007, totally 21 under five childrens death was registered, and death reason varies.
Among the causes of death, infant disorder/pathology comprises 23.8%, diarrhea 14.3%,
lung pneumonia 9.5%, burning 14.3% and other causes 38%.
Proportion of children immunized against measles
Coverage of measles immunization in Nalaikh district was 97.1% in 1993, and it rose
to 99.6% in 2006, and stood at 98.9% in 2007 respectively.
Although infant mortality is decreasing significantly; the isuues such as an insufficient
supply of emergency health care equipments and of recovery assistance, as well as lack of
child doctors and incomplete treatment of underlying diseases are remain as an unsolved
challenges.
GOAL 5. IMPROVE MATERNAL HEALTH
Target 10:

Provide accss to all individualsof appropriate age to required

reproductive health services and reduce by 4 times, between 1990 and
2015, the maternal mortality ratio

Maternal mortality ratio

Maternal mortality ratio per 100000 live births was 200.8 in 2000 and since then there
has not registered any maternal mortality in Nalaikh district. But in 2007, one mother has
died and maternal mortality ratio reached at 141.2 per every 100000 live births according
to the estimated ratio. Nalaikh is close to Ulaanbaatar thus mothers prefer to give a birth in
maternity hospitals in the city and this is a one way of explanations for low maternal mortality
rate in Nalaikh.
Proportion of births attended by skilled health personnel
Proportion of births attended by skilled health personnel was 97.2% in 1993, and it
increased by 2 points and stood at 99.2% in 2007.
As of 2007, 81.6% of pregnant women covered by a prenatal services at early stages,
with 88.5% receiving more than 6 monitoring examinations.
Further, it is required to improve prenatal services and monitoring examinations and
to prevent complications during delivery, to improve knowledge of pregnant women, and to
improve quality and accessibility of health services to vulnerable group mothers;

CURRENT SITUATION IN NALAIKH DISTRICTS

GOAL 6. COMBAT STIs/HIV/AIDS AND TUBERCULOSIS, REVERSE OTHER

DISEASES
Target 11: Limitand prevent the spread of Human Immunodefiency Virus (HIV)/
Acquired ImmnuneDeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) by 2015
HIV Prevalence among pregnant women
There is no incidence of HIV/AIDS registered in Nalaikh district. However, high risk
population group shall need to be tested for identifying whether there are incidences of
HIV/AIDS.
There are 130 incidences of STIs registered in 1990 in Nalaikh which is 65.3 per every
10000 populations and as a result of establishing a reproductive health cabinet in 2007, 105
new cases were registered which is 39.3 cases per every 10000 populations.
Proportion of women who use contraceptive methods is lower than of Ulaanbaatar
level. According to 2006 statistics, its by 31.2 promile lower than national level and by 26.5
promile lower than of Ulaanbaatar level.
Out of pregnant women who received prenatal monitoring examination, 91.4% was
examined by HIV and syphilis tests. There are 289 syphilis incidences per every 10000
pregnant women.
Besides negative social factors affecting and increasing the incidences of STIs, many
challenges need to be solved for instance: client-friendly favourable environment (keeping
private secrets) has not yet created; medicines and reactives, equipments are not sufficient;
lack of complete treatment supply, lack of trained specialists etc.
Target 12: Reverse the spread of tuberculosis by 2015
Prevalnce of tuberculosis
According to the statistics, 163.4 incidences in per every 100000 popualtions were
registered in 1995 while it dropped to 59.4 in 2007.
Incidences of tuberculosis
By the end of 2007, 5.9% of district population has caught by the tuberculosis. An
incidence of tuberculosis was 187.8 per every 100000 in 2000 and it has reached to 272.9
in 2005 however, it has decreased continuously and stood at 174.6 by the end of 2007.
Prevalence of TB often increases seasonally; especially it increases in warmer months of
the year.
Death rates associated with tuberculosis
Death rates associated with tuberculosis was 4.8 per every 100000 popualtions and it
increased to 7.8 in 2005 and dropped to 3.6 in 2007 respectively. However, this indicator is
higher in Nalaikh district comparing to the national average.
Proportion of tuberculosis cases diagnosed and treated with international standard
diagnostic and treatment methods (DOTS)
Since the DOTS method was introduced in 1995, TB incidences were treated and
cured 100% complete means. In 2007, there were 47 incidences of TB were detected by
the DOTS method and cured by 100%.
Although the prevalence of TB is decreasing year by year and there are many social
negative factors are affecting to TB combating actions, for instance: socio-economic
situation of the country and living standards of the population, capacity of health institutions,
and peoples initiatives and knowledge on protecting their health etc.
Financing of the Programme on combating TB is scarce and participation of the ordinary

MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS

citizens, governmental and NGOs is not sufficient and capacity of health institutions and
clinics in area of combating TB is not adequate and diagnosis and treatment equipments
supply are not sufficient and citizens initiative to be covered by the health examination is
still very low.
Target 13: Reverse the spread of caries among children
Prevalence of caries among children aged 5-6 years

3.6% of Nalaikh districts population is children aged 5-6. Prevalence of caries among
children aged 5-6 was 79.8% in 1993, and it has rised to 80.1% in 2007.
Spread of dental caries among children is not decreasing due to increase in consumption
of sweets, condensed and carbonated drinks while consumption of milk and diaries dropped
steeply, consumption of low quality toothpaste. Moreover, parents dont teach their children
practicing a healthy habit washing their teeth at childrens early ages.
There is only one dental doctor is working in the district outpatient department and
offering oral health medical care both for adults and children, and is not capable for
conducting the prevention examination among district popualtion.
Training and advocacy works on improving oral health is not sufficient and professional
consultancy service on dental health is not available and healthy food consumption is low,
mothers knowledge on healthy way of feeding their child is not sufficient (mothers dont
know the negative impact of feeding their children by mouth to mouth) and although there
is a programme, its supply is inadequate. Due to these challenges, prevalence of caries
among children aged 5-6 is not decreasing.
GOAL 7. ENSURE ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY
Target 14:

Iintegrate and implement the principles of sustainable development

into country policies and programmes, reduce air pollution in urban
areas, especially in Ulaanbaatar

Proportion of forest area in Nalaikh district

Rorest area of Nalaikh district comprises 0.0018% of total district area and 0.0008% of
the national territory by 2007.
Recently, old reforestation plant has been taken into utilization and 5.4 hectare land
was cultivated, soil has been cleaned and 300 trees were planted. Entities are working
together building greenery planting and creating forest protection zone area in Nalaikh.
Proportion of special protected area
In Nalaikh, state special protected areas covered 0.018% of total state territory and
of 41.1% of the district territory and belong to Khaan Khentii State Special protected Area
Administration.
Recent years, number of tourism entities and companies as well as migrants from rural
areas is increasing in Nalaikh especially in Gorkhi-Terelj beautiful area, and due to their
activity environment is polluted, natural beauty is deterioting, and ecological balance is at
edge of danger.
Total area given to entities under the land utilization permission in the Gorkhi-Terelj
protected area comprises about 227.5 hectares in other words; it is 0.2% of total area.
227.5 hectares may seem a little by number however, land utilization permission was
given to over 100 entities where they all concentrated at same area in 6th khoroo of Nalaikh
district.

10

CURRENT SITUATION IN NALAIKH DISTRICTS

Land utilization
Out of total territory of Nalaikh, 43.4% is agricultural land, 5.7% is residential area, and
1.3% is road and transportation network, 1.3% is forestry area, 0.01% is water basin, and
47.59% state special needs land.
Almost half of the district territory categorized as a state special protected area, the
land under the mineral resource lisences and land for the army purposes; thus it limits the
urban development policy and affects the land utilization policy negatively.
Waste management situation at the district

Nalaikh district has one solid waste deposal site, and although Ulaanbaatar Municipality
owned Cleaning Service Company delivers waste collecting services for all households of
Nalaikh, households often throw their waste in their vicinity causing the rubbish-heap.
Rubbish-heaps, waste, environmental pollutions badly affect to health of district
population.
Soil pollution and erosions
Due to mining extraction and tourism developments, and lack of pastureland, animal
husbandry and livestock herding is considered not an appropriate way of livelihood business
in Nalaikh.
Brick processing and coal mining sites and overcrowded sand pit sites are causing the
desertifications and soil erosion. Extinction of some species/families of flora results increase
in weed covered areas and causing negative impact on peoples health.
Main cause of soil erosions and pollution is coal mining holes, mounds of earth and
coal remains and waste accumulated during Nalaikh coal mining.
Holes that are used during coal mining extractions have not been land-filled thus;
sudden inward collapse and incursion are all over the place, and rubbish and waste filled
into the holes are increasing. Nearby soil has been washed out a lot with rain and snow
water and downhill soil cracked badly. Besides the coal mining, there are 6-7 brick plants
are operating their activity, removing the surrounding soil for their productions. Moreover,
about 200 persons permanently extracting coal by hand every year and they might even
tunneled below the railroad. There has not been done any rehabilitation work at all near
mining.
Air pollution
Main cause of air pollution at Nalaikh district is the dust coming from the mining site
polluted soil, and rubbish waste thrown everywhere. Although Nalaikh mining has closed
until today, there are 18 companies and over 100persons who has official permission
extracting the coal non-technological way and they working in the old quarry.
Thus, their manual work of carrying the earth, loading and filtering the coal, explosion
and blast and old rubbish-heaps are generating mass of dust in air. Thermo-plant and
expansion of ger district is causing the air pollution as well. Coal consumption of ger district
households is rather high, which is another air polluting factor.
Further, it needs to improve condensed fuel consumptions and full burning boiler or
stove usages in the district in order to reduce the air pollution.
Target 15:

Reduce the shrinking process of rivers and streams by protecting and

rehabilitating their resources

Proportion protected surface water sources

Water basin comprises 0.007% of total area of Nalaikh. In Nalaikh territory, Ulaanbaatar

11

MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS

fresh water source, Tuul River flows. Tuul outflows from Galtai bulnai, and it enriches by the
Terelj, Selbe, Gachuurt and Dund rivers and flows through Ulaanbaatar city and continues
further 190km and inflows to Orkhon and Selenge rivers.
Recent years, flow and water level is decreasing significantly. Increased unplanned
residency near river basin, number of construction works carrying out at riverside,
overcrowded tour camps, resorts, and sand quarry operations and crop planting at river
side are negatively affecting to the flow and water levels.Totally there are 195 entities and
companies are carrying out the construction, mining and tourism and sand quarry activities
along Tuul River.
Another factor that causing Tuul river pollution is a direct disposal of water from the
treatment plant into the river. Water treatment plant that has a capacity of cleaning 1450m3
water per day, however, its over-using its capacity and cleaning 2800m3 water per day and
directly inflows into Tuul river.
Totally there are 4 rivers, 2 creeks, and one lake and 8 streams in Nalaikh and in 2007
one river, 3 streams and one natural spa has been shrunk.
Number of protected and rehabilitated water sources
Besides Tuul river, some small rivers and ponds are shrinking and this will cause
negatively to the surface water flows and levels as well as it may cause ecological imbalance
that will badly affect to spread of both underground and surface water level. For instance, in
territory of 5th khoroo, Bus Lake is shrinking rapidly last few years.
Tour base and camps are digging the underground wells for their use and this is also
affecting to reduce the surface water levels and it gradually reduces the precipitation levels
and rainfall.
Protecting surface water and underground water sources and reducing the shrinking
process of streams and creeks by protecting and rehabilitating their resources is most
essential.
Target 16:

Reduce by 2015, proportion of people without sustainable access to

safe water and basic sanitation

Proportion population without access to safe drinking water sources

Nalaikh is supplied by water from Ulaanbaatar water supply lines. Over 40% of
apartments in Nalaikh has built in 1950s and they dont have a warm water system thus
residents of these apartment still live in inadequate conditions.
Today 28.99% of total population lives in an apartment which means they have access
to safe drinking water. However, ger district residents use only water wells water. /take their
water from the water supply points/. In 2007, there are totally 23 such water supply points.
Proportion of population without access to improved sanitation facilities
Water treatment facility is very important to improve the access of population to safe
drinking water sources.
Current water treatment plant has capacity of cleaning 1450 m3 water per day however,
it is cleaning 2800m3 water everyday, over-using its capacity.
Recent years, people started to reside near the fresh water source wells and resort
places and tour camps are built near the water sources causing negative impact to water
sources. According to the law, it is prohibited anyone to reside or construct something
within the 500metres from the water sources. Although, this issue has been considered at
related officials and authorities until today it has not been resolved and this practice badly
affecting to water quality and access to safe drinking water. Thus, Nalaikh district shall need
to improve the water treatment plant and increase the populations access to safe drinking
water sources.

12

CURRENT SITUATION IN NALAIKH DISTRICTS

Target 17:

Improve by 2015, the housing condition of population

Proportion of population living in houses and apartments with connections to

engineering service networks
In 2000, there were 1600 households and 7300 persons which are 36.8% of total
population lived in the houses and apartments with connections to engineering service
networks and it decreased to 28.99% in 2007.
Recent years, population migration is on the rise and ger district area is increasing
without any regulation and planning policy.
Living standards in Nalaikh is lower than of Ulaanbaatar and financial capacity to buy
new apartments is accordingly weaker, thus it negatively affecting to the initiatives to build
new houses in the district.
District infrastructure, particularly, heating networks are old, sanitation facilities don t
meet the current requirements thus it is still very difficult to attract foreign investors, and to
increase construction work in the district.
Target 21.

Development of new information communication technologies and

building of an information society

Number of land phones

At Nalaikh, by end of 2007, number of land phones per every 1000 population stood
at 44.71 which have reduced by 22.2 profiles/promilles comparing to 2000. This change is
mainly because of mobile phone operators service expansion.
Nalaikh district is close to Ulaanbaatar and citizens of Nalaikh can use all operators of
mobile phones services, available at Ulaanbaatar.
Number of internet users
At district level several organizations open the internet centers and deliver training
and advocacy services for district community. For instance: Mongolian telecommunication
company Nalaikh branch, Soyol Gegeerel Childrens Development Center, Inkon Nalaikh
Co.Ltd, Golomt complex school, Business Incubator Center.
Number of internet users is increasing every month, and reached at 68 by the December
2007 which is 2.5 per every 1000 population.

GOAL 9. STRENGTHEN HUMAN RIGHTS AND FOSTER DEMOCTRATIC
GOVERNANCE
Target 22.

Fully respect and uphold the Universal Declaration of Human Rights,

ensure the freedom of media and provide the public with access to
information

Child protection status

In 2007, out of total population of Nalaikh, 29% is children. There are 81 orphan children
and 582 semi-orphan children in Nalaikh. There are 120 children with disability aged 0-15
and the most of them are dropped-out of school due to their disabilities. However, starting
from 2007, two classes opened at the Gegeerel centre, included 32 children with disabilities
who does not go to school.
Due to the poverty, unemployment and lack of permanent job places, children are often
engaged with seasonal worst form of child labour particularly at the quarry mining. They
often get hurt and get injured at the mining site.

13

MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS

Attorney services for the citizens who are not able to pay
There are two attorney lawyers offering a services to all citizens of Nalaikh district and
in 2007, they participated totally 92 criminal and 8 civil conviction cases as an attorney
lawyer.
Out of this total case, they have offered their services to 26 citizens free of charge
which is 26% of total attorney services they offered.
Independence of mass media
There is only one Nalaikh TV that is subsidized from the local budget and two private
Buyan-Nalaikh cable TV and Bolor cable TV is running their activities at Nalaikh. As
about Nalaikh TV, it broadcasts more news about the Nalaikh Governors office activities to
district citizens then other local TVs.
According to 2007, totally 966 households use cable TVs. Through all these local
TVs local people are entitled to express themselves freely and receive the feedback or
responses to their claims and questions they raised via media.
Besides locally operating TVs, citizens of Nalaikh district watch nation wide broadcasting
TVs such as Mongolian National TV, TV5, MN25 channel, UBS TV.
Although its closer to capital city and technology is improving; problems of low quality
broadcasting and in- turns-broadcast of national channels still persist.
There are two FM radio stations 104.7 and 103.8 in the Nalaikh district. There are only
one local newspaper Nalaikh amidral where it publishes the highlights ad news of the
country and district
Target 23: Mainstream democratic principles and practices into life
Public perception of activities of state organizations
According to resolution No511 of the Ulaanbaatar city governor, the questionnaire has
been conducted on the public perception of activities of state /gov/ organizations covering
0.5% of adults of this district in December 2007. The questionnaire has covered four different
areas with 5-1 scaling evaluations: 5-excellent; 4-good; 3-satisfactory; 2-unsatisfactory; and
1-very bad.
According to the questionnaire result; the average was 3.25 in 2006; while it slightly
increased by 0.05% and reached at 3.30% in 2007 which means public has given a
satisfactory to a public institutions activity2.
However, in order to increase the credibility of the questionnaire/study result, the scope
of the study shall need to be enhanced and shall cover more people.

2 , ,
2007

14

CURRENT SITUATION IN NALAIKH DISTRICTS

Chapter 2. MDGs IMPLEMENTATION AND ITS CURRENT SITUATION AT NALAIKH

DISTRICTS
Conclusions on current situation
Based on the districts current socio-economic situation, MDGs implementation and
attainment has been assessed against 24 MDGS targets. Out of these 24 targets, attainable
target was one, likely to achievable target was 29, there was not unattainable target however,
there are four targets which is impossible to assess (Annex 1).
Nalaikh is implementing its district develeopement programme in the framework of
the Regional Development Management and Coordination law and Programme on
Ulaanbaatar regions development. According to the district development programme, the
district will support the tourism and trade industry where it will be providing the capital city
with meat and dairy products through intensive livestock farming development using the
its raw material market. Besides district has full potential to develop small and medium
enterprises of the by-product production or meat processing plants using livestock raw
materials that can be brought from the easterm aimags. Moerever, packing and wrapping
enterprises; food and vegetable storing and processing manufacture; pig, chicken and beekeeping farming, as well as solid intensed fuel processing plant and mining using advanced
technologies shall need to established at the district to accelerating its development.
MDGs related statistic data information
In the framework of the MDGS implementation assessment work, the availability of
data statistics on 24 MDGs targets at district level has been identified/ assessed.
According to this assessment, there are three targets that has good sources of
information, eight targets has in avarege level, four targets categoriezed as of weak but
improving- level, and sven targets are at poor level. This reveals further it needs to conduct
number of studies and baseline surveys and to improve the statistical data collection
methods, and accordingly to resolve financial constraints related to statistical data source
improvement.
Date informations that processed from the Districts statistics department are often
different from one that developed in the Ulaanbaatar city statistics Department or district
health center and District education agency etc. Further the gaps in statistical data needs
to eliminated and more detailed data information shall need to be processed yearly basis.
In fact many data of the years of 1990-2000 has not been archived properly in Nalaikh
district. Thus some administratve data, sample survey results have been used in the report
after careful comparisons with district statistical departments data releases and sectoral
administrative data.
Further, National Statistics Committee, line ministries, Ulaanbaatar city Statistics Office
and other related professional institutions shall need to pay attention on improving the
statistics and eliminating the gap between the data statistics.
While preparing the report, some sectoral data was lacking especially one in education,
environment, and human rights areas was not available and its quality was poor, and some
MDGs data was not existed in database.

15

ANNEX

ANNEX 1.

List of required survey and studies in the framework of the MDGs

Goal 1.
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7

Population poverty study /by khoroos/

Study on mutrition of children aged 0-16 /underweight children, stunting
children and wasting children /
Survey on Employment and unemployment rate among the people with
disabilities
Survey on real unemployment and its reasons
Population internal migration survey
Study on the employees in informal sector
Labour maket survey of the district

Goal 2.
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6

Study on the primary and secondary education attainment

Survey on literacy rate among citizens aged above 8 years olds
Study on the kindergarden level educations /education pre-primary
education/
Survey on the school drop-outs and its underlying reasons
Evaluation on the quality of secondary education
Study on educational needs

Goal 3.
3.1
3.3

Study on the gender equality understanding among the population

Study on the participation and possibility of women to be in political decision
making level; study on women empowerment
Study on inequality among population especially at the workplaces

6.1

Study on oral and dental health

7.1
7.3

Comprehensive study on environment of Nalaikh district

Study on proportion of population without access to safe water and
improved sanitation facilities
Disrtict level air pollution assessment

7.4

Soil pollution and breakages

9.1

Study on Percentage of implementation/enforcement of judicial decisions

3.2
Goal 6.
Goal 7.
7.2

Goal 9.

9.2
9.3
9.4

Study on Public Perception of political, economic, and financial

independence of mass media
Study on public perception of activities of state organizations
Study on public perception of and law enforcement institutions

9.5

Study on public perception of corruption in political organizations, judicial

and law enforcement institutions

9.6

Study on state organizations accountability, reporting, prepresenting

capacity and their transparencyabout their activities

16

CURRENT SITUATION IN NALAIKH DISTRICTS

ANNEX 2. MDGs implementation and availability of data information related to

MDGs

1. 1. Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the

proportion of people whose income is below
the minimum living
2. Reduce by 6 times, between 1990 and
2015, the proportion of people who suffer
from malnutrition

Not available

Weak but improving

Average

Availability of
data information

Good

Impossible to assess

Unattainable

Likely to achieve

Targets

Achieved

Performance

3. Increase employment rate of population,

reduce youth unemployment rate who are
newly entering to the labour market

4. Reduce negative effects of population

concentration and migration, provide
migrants with basic social services.

5. Provide primary education for all children

by 2015

6. Achieve appropraite sex ratio in primary

and secondary education preferably by 2009,
and in all levels of education institutions no
later than 2015

7. Ensure gender equality in wage

employment
8. Increase participation of women in politics
and desicion-making levels.
9. Reduce by 4 times, between 1990 and
2015, the under-five mortality rate
10. Provide access to all individuals of
appropraite age to required reproductive
health services and reduce by 4 times,
between 1990 and 2015, the maternal
mortality ratio
11. Limit and prevent the spread of Human
Immunodefiency Virus (HIV)/ Acquired
Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) by
2015

17

ANNEX

12. Reverse the spread of tuberculosis by

2015
13. Reverse the spread of caries among
children
14. Integrate and implement the principles
of sustainable development into country
policies and programmes, reduce air
pollution in urban areas, especially in
Ulaanbaatar city
15. Reduce the shrinking process of rivers
and streams by protecting and rehabilitating
their sources

16. Reduce, by 2015, the proportion of

people without sustainable access to safe
drinking water and basic sanitation

17. Improve, by 2015, the housing condition

of population

18. Create favourable condition for

achieving MDGs through developing trade
and financial system

19. Address special needs of Mongolia as

a landlocked country through negotiation
for favorable terms for access to the sea,
improve the efficiency of transit transportation
through the territories of foreign countries,
and increase transit transportation through
the territory of Mongolia
20. Develop a debt strategy to ensure
sustainability of external and internal
debts for long time, study methods applied
nationally and internationally to coordinate
and resolve debt issues budget and
economy of Mongolia
21. Development of new information
communication technologies and building of
an information society
22. Fully respect and uphold the Universal
Declaration of Human Rights, ensure the
freedom media and provide the public with
free access to information

23. Mainstream democratic principles and

practices into life

24. Develop a zero-tolarance environment

to corruption in all spheres of society

18

CURRENT SITUATION IN NALAIKH DISTRICTS

ANNEX 3.
(Unofficial translation)
RESOLUTION OF PRESIDIUMS OF
THE CITIZENS REPRESENTATIVE HURAL
OF NALAIKH DISTRICT

Date: September 09, 2008

Sub: Endorsement of Millennium Development Goals of
Nalaikh district
Ref No. 64
Venue: Nalaikh district
Based on paragraph a, section 18.1.2, article 18, Law of Administrative and Territorial
Units and their Governing Bodies of Mongolia, the Presidiums of the Citizens Representative
Hural of the District RESOLVES hereby to:

One. Assess progress of Millennium Development Goals implementation of Nalaikh
district as Satisfactory;
Two. Endorse Millennium Development Goals Target Indicators up to 2015 of the
Nalaikh district as set in the Annex;
Three. Entrust the Governor, Sh. Enkhsaikhan, to implement Millennium Development
Goals Target Indicators up to 2015 by including in action plan and to report Millennium
Development Goals implementation and result to Presidiums of the Citizens Representative
Hural every six month and year;

SPEAKER OF THE CITIZENS

REPRESENTATIVE HURAL

S. BATDORJ

19

ANNEX

Annex to the Resolution 64 of the

Citizens Representative Hural
THE MILLENIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS OF NALAIKH DISTRICT
GOAL ONE: REDUCE POVERTY AND HUNGER
Target 1:

Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people whose income
is below the minimum living standard

Poverty headcount (percent):

1990
2000
63.1

2005
34.3

2006
25.6

2007
22.3

2015
13.0

Poverty gap ratio (percent)

1990
2000
24.1

2005
9.7

2006
6.9

2007
5.5

2015
4.2

Target 2:

Reduce by six times, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people
who suffer from malnutrition

Prevalence of underweight children under age five (percent):

1990
2000
2005
2006
2007
28.3 (1997)
9.5
2.9
2.3
1

2015
0.5

Prevalence of stunting /height for age/ children under age five (percent):
1990
2000
2005
2006
2007
10.9 (1997)
3.0
0.19
0.18
1

2015
0.5

Prevalence of wasting /weight for height/ children under age five (percent):
1990
2000
2005
2006
2007
2015
6 (1993)
4
1
1
1
0.5
Target 3:

Increase employment rate of population, reduce youth unemployment

rate who are newly entering to the labour market

Labour force participation rate (percent):

2000
2005
2006
36.0
56.1
56.3

2007
60.2

2015
70.0

Unemployment rate of 15-24 year-olds (percent):

2000
2005
2006
6.1
1.5
2.2

2007
2.1

2015
2.0

Target 4:

Reduce negative effects of population concentration and migration,

provide migrants with basic social services

Proportion of population living in urban areas without official registration:

1990
2000
2005
2006
2007
2015
0.0

20

CURRENT SITUATION IN NALAIKH DISTRICTS

GOAL TWO: ACHIEVE UNIVERSAL PRIMARY EDUCATION

Target 5:

Provide primary education for all children by 2015

Net enrolment ratio in primary education:

2000
2005
2006
147.3
127.6
129.4

2007
129.5

2015
100.0

Proportion of pupils starting grade 1 who reach grade 5:

2000
2005
2006
2007
77.1
110.6
99.4
71.8

2015
100.0

Literacy rate of 15-24 year-olds:

2000
2005
99.0
99.5

2015
100.0

2006
99.6

2007
99.6

GOAL THREE: PROMOTE GENDER EQUALITY AND EMPOWER WOMEN

Target 6:

Achieve appropriate sex ratio in primary and secondary education

preferably by 2009, and in all levels of education institutions no later
than 2015

Ratio of girls to boys in primary education:

2000
2005
2006
1.0
1.02
0.9

2007
1.02

2015
1.0

Ratio of girls to boys in secondary education:

2000
2005
2006
0.75
0.88
0.88

2007
0.88

2015
1.0

Target 7:

Ensure gender equality in wage employment

Share of women in wage employment in the non-agricultural sector:

2000
2005
2006
2007
53.8
48.2
46.2
48.5
Target 8:

2015
50.0

Increase participation of women in politics and decision-making levels

Proportion of seats held by women in the Citizens Representative Hural:

1992
2000
2006
2015
12
25
20
40
Proportion of seats held by women in the Governor of Horoos:
1992
2000
2006
40
16.7
50

2015
50

21

ANNEX

GOAL FOUR: REDUCE CHILD MORTALITY

Target 9:

Reduce by 4 times, between 1990 and 2015, the under-five mortality

rate

Under-five mortality rate (per 1000 live births):

2000
40.1

2005
47.8

2006
38.1

2007
29.6

2015
21.0

Infant mortality rate (per 1000 live births):

2000
2005
2006
32.1
41.8
39.9

2007
19.7

2015
13.3

Proportion of children immunized against measles:

1990
2000
2005
2006
97.1%
99.6%
99.0%
99.6%
(1993)

2007

2015

98.9%

99.8

GOAL FIVE: IMPROVE MATERNAL HEALTH

Target 10:

Provide access to all individuals of appropriate age to required

reproductive health services and reduce by 4 times, between 1990 and
2015, the maternal mortality ratio

Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births):

2000
2005
2006
200.8
0
0

2007
141.2

Proportion of births attended by skilled health personnel:

1990
2000
2005
2006
97.2 (1993)
97.1
98.5
99.3

2007
99.2

2015
0
2015
99.9

Proportion of coverage of prenatal care service at early stages of pregnancy:

2006
2007
2015
75.4
81.6
100.0
Proportion of Pregnant women who receive more than 6 monitoring examinations
during prenatal care service:
2006
2007
2015
76.02
88.5
100.0
GOAL SIX:
Target 11:

COMBAT STIs/HIV/AIDS AND TUBERCULOSIS, REVERSE OTHER

DISEASES
Limit and prevent the spread of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) by 2015

Proportion of HIV testing among pregnant women who covered by prenatal care
service:
2007
2015
Proportion of involvement in Syphilis testing
91.4
100.0
Proportion of involvement in HIV testing
91.4
100.0

22

CURRENT SITUATION IN NALAIKH DISTRICTS

Number of Syphilis case among pregnant women

(per 10,000 women)

289

100

Target 12: Reverse the spread of tuberculosis by 2015

Prevalence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population):
1990
2000
2005
2006
163.4
170.1
59
(1995)
(2004)
Incidences of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population):
2000
2005
2006
187.8
272.9
199.3

2007

2015

59.4

36.0

2007
174.6

Death rates associated with tuberculosis (per 100,000 population):

2000
2005
2006
2007
4.8
7.8
0
3.6

2015
87.3
2015
0

Proportion of tuberculosis cases diagnosed and treated with international standard

diagnostic and treatment methods (DOTS):
2000
2005
2006
2007
2015
100
100
100
100
Target 13:

Reverse the spread of caries among children

Prevalence of caries among children aged 5-6 years (per 100,000 children):
1990
(1993)
79.8

2000

2005

2006

2007

2015

82

83.7

81

80.1

75.0

GOAL SEVEN: ENSURE ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY

Target 14:

Integrate and implement the principles of sustainable development into

country policies and programmes, reduce air pollution in urban areas,
especially in Ulaanbaatar city

Proportion of forest area:

1990
2000
-

2005
-

2006
-

2007
0.0008

2015
0.0001

Proportion of special protected area:

1990
2000
2005
0.018

2006
0.018

2007
0.018

2015
0.020

Target 15:

Reduce the shrinking process of rivers and streams by protecting and

rehabilitating their sources

Proportion of protected surface water sources:

1990
2000
2005
2006
-

2007
60.0

2015
80.0

23

ANNEX

Number of protected and rehabilitated water sources:

1990
2000
2005
2006
Target 16:

2007
1

2015
4

Reduce, by 2015, the proportion of people without sustainable access

to safe drinking water and basic sanitation

Proportion of population without access to safe drinking water sources:

1990
2000
2005
2006
2007
6.1
6.2
7.2
7.6

2015
0.0

Proportion of population without access to improved sanitation facilities:

1990
2000
2005
2006
2007
2015
6.3
6.2
6.0
3.0
Target 17: Improve, by 2015, the housing condition of population
Proportion of population living in houses and apartments with connections to
engineering service networks (electricity, water, sewage and heat):
2000
2005
2006
2007
2015
36.08
24.09
26.92
28.99
30.0
GOAL EIGHT: DEVELOP A GLOBAL PARTNERSHIP FOR DEVELOPMENT
Target 18:

Create favorable condition for achieving the MDGs through

developing trade and financialsystem

Target 21:

Development of new information communication technologies and

building of an Information Society

Telephone lines (per 1000 population):

2000
2005
2006
69.01
68.97
53.97
Internet users (per 1000 population):
1990
2000
2005
GOAL NINE:
Target 22:

2007
44.71
2006
-

2007
2.5

2015
70.0
2015
8.0

STRENGTHEN HUMAN RIGHTS AND FOSTER DEMOCRATIC

GOVERNANCE

Fully respect and uphold the Universal Declaration of Human Rights,

ensure the freedom of media, and provide the public with free access to
information

Percentage of implementation/enforcement of judicial decisions

Number of attorneys that provide services to citizens who are not able to pay for such
services

Public perception of political, economic, and financial independence of mass media

Number of state organizations that regularly place reports of their budgets and
expenditures on their websites

24

CURRENT SITUATION IN NALAIKH DISTRICTS

Target 23:

Mainstream democratic principles and practices into life

Public perception of activities of state organizations and law enforcement institutions

Number of civil society organizations that have officially expressed their views in the
process of developing and approving the state budget
Percentage of voters that have participated in nominating governors of soums and
baghs

Target 24:

Develop a zero-tolerance environment to corruption in all spheres of

society

Perception of corruption in political organizations, judicial and law enforcement

institutions

Public perception of corruption in public administration and public services.

25

 :


2009
, - , -
- - .
:

.,




.,

:
.,
, -

- ............30
- ..........30

1.
1. , ...............................................30
2. .....................32
3. ,
...................33
4. .............................................34
5. ...................................35
6. ,
//, //,
, ...........................................36
7. ...........................37
9. ,
................................................................................41

2. -

1. -
....................................................44
2. - ,
...........................................................................45
3.
...................................................................................48

29

36- -20-25 , +23+26 ,
. , ,
. 27
7 . 68.7
41,1 .
6 , 60 .
-

,
,
2015 2005 25
.

,
-,

.
, 4 ,
2 ,
2008 1 18-
. - , 20082015
, 2
-
.
1.
1.
1:

,

1990 2015 2

2000
13532 (3031 ) 63.1
2005 8612 (2238 ) 34.3 , 2006 25.6 ,
2007 22.36 .
6342 44.5 0-15
, 50 , 5.5
.
2007 11.8
5.4
.
,
, ,

30

. ,
, ,
, , .
,
, 11- ,
.
2: , 1990
2015 6

5
1997 28.3 2007 1 ,
27.3 .
5 1997 10.9
2007 1 , 9.9 , 0-5
1993 6 1 5 .
0-5 1993 2006 2.7
2007 2.4 .
0-5 1993 3.5
2007 41 . 2000
93 2003 99 , 2004 2007 90
.
.
.

, , ,

.
3: ,

2007 26992
64.9 , 39.1 ,
38.08 .
2000 35.99 2007
60.19 , 24.2 . 2006 1.6
2007 2.6
,
,
, ,
,
.
2000 1.06 15-24
2007 0.3 . ,
,
.

.

31

4: ,
,


2001 18.3 ,
81.7 , 354 2007
81.2 , 18.7 ,
461 .
, ,
,
.
.
1/3 .
.
, , ,
.

, ,
.
2.
5: 2015

2007 5, 1 4
, 2 .
.
238 , 5315
46.8 , 40.3 , 12.7
.

2000 147.3 2007
129.5 .

6-7 .
80
.
()
. 2007
51.6 - .

2000 77.09
2005 110.6 33.51 . 2007
71.2 , 2005 39.4
.
2007-2008 101
71 7-15 . 1-5-

32

.
,
,

.
15-24
15-24 2000
46 2007 20 .
2000 99.01 2007 99.68 ,
0.6 . /2007
65.4/ ,
.
3.

6:

2009 , 2015

-
2000 5217 - 2459
, 2755
1.0 2006 0.9 , 2007 1.02
.

2000 0.75 2007 0.88
.
,
,
.
,
.
6-
, .
, , .
2007 18 6 33.3
.
.
,
.
, ,
.
7:

33

2007 17 10279
4969 48.3
- 9246
4493 48.5 .
13.9 , , 12.4
, 26 , 12.5
, 10.5 , 7.2
, , , , 4.8
, , ,
.

29.7 ,
.
8: ,

- 1992-1994 25 12 , 1994-1996
28 , 1996-2000 25 , 2000-2004 28.5 , 2004-2008
20 , 1992 2007 8
.
- 2004-2008 6 66.6
. 1992 6 4
2006, 2007 1 , 22.3
.
4 1996-2000 1 , 2007 20042008 2 1996 25
.
2007 22
8 36.4 .
,
.

, ,
, ,
, , .
4.
9:

1990
2015 4

5
5 2000 1000
8.03 2006 1.81 , 6.22 2007
9.88 2006 8.07 .

34

. 2000
1000 32.13 2005
41.83 , 9.7 2007 2005 19.77
, 22.06 .
2007 0-5 21 23.8
, 14.3 , 9.5
, 14.3 , 38
.

1993 97.1 2006 99.6 ,
2.5 , 2007 98.9 , 2006 0.7
.

, ,

.
5.
10:
, 1990 2015
4

2000 100000
200.8 2006 . 2007
1 , 100000 141.2
100000 .

.

1993 97.2 2007
99.2 , 2 . 2007
81.6 ,
88.5 6
.
,

,
,

.

35

6. ,
//, /
/, ,
11: 2015 (),
() ,

-
, .
, -
.
1999 130 ,
10000 65.3
2007 105 10000 39.3 .

/2006
31.2 , 26.5 / .
2007 37.9 18.8
. 2007 91.4
91.4 - . 10000
289 .
- ,

, - , , ,
,
.
12: 2015

1995 100000 163.4
2007 59.4 104 .

2007 5.9 .
2000 100000 187.8, 2005 272.9
85.1 2 174.6
.
.

2000 100000 4.8
2005 7.8 2007 3.6 .
.
, ,

1995
, 100
.
2007 47 ,

36

, 100 .

,
,
.
,
, ,
,
,
.
13:
5-6
3.6 5-6 . 5-6
1993 79.8
2007 80.1 0.3 .
,
, ,
,
.

1 ,
.
,
, , ,
,
, ,
.
7.
14: ,
, ,

2007
0.0008 , 0.0018
.
, 5.4
, , 300
. ,
.


2007 0.018 ,
41.1
.
-
, ,

37

, ,
, .
-
227.5 0.2

6- 100
.

43.4 , 5.7
, 1.3 , 1.3
, 0.01 , 47.59
.
50 /
, ,
/ ,
, .

2007 20.9 3
, 9878.0 3
97.2 , 98.7
.
1
. ,
, .


,
. ,
,
.
, ,
.
,
, ,
.

, ,
.
, .
6-7
, 200
.
.


,
.

38

18 , 100
.
, , , , ,
. ,
,
.

.
,
.
15:

, ,

0.007 .

. , , , ,
190
, .
, .
, ,
, ,
,

, .
195 , ,
, , .

. 1450 3
2800 3 ,
.
4 , 2 , 1 , 8
2007 1 , 3 , 1 .
,
,

. 5-
.
3-
.

,
.
,
, , .
16: 2015 ,

39

. 40 1950- , 2
,
.
28.99
.
. 2007 23 .


.
14503
28003
.

,
. vv 500
, .
, .
,
.
, .
17: 2015

2000 1600 , 7300 36.08

2007 28.99 .
,
, .


.
, ,

, ,
.
21. ,


2007 1000
44.71 2000 22.2
.
.

.

40

-
, , ,
,
, , .
2007 12-
68 , 1000 2.5 .

9. ,

22. ,
,


2007 29
. 81, 582 . 0-15
120
. 2007
, 32 ,
2 .
, ,

, / , /
.

2007 2
2007 92 , 8
.
26
26.0 .
2007
3 / , , /
11.5 .
,

.
.
,
,
,
.
.
1 ,
2 - ,
.

.

41

2007 966
.
, .

, V5, 25- , UBS
. ,
, ,
. 104.7, 103.8
2 FM .



.
23: ,

2006 10- 23- 511
2007 12- 0.5
87 ,
. 4 , 5-1 5-
, 4- , 3- , 2- , 1- .
2006 3.25 2007
3.30 , 0.05
.
,
, , .
-

-
,
24
, 1, 29, 0,
4 ( 1).
,
,
.
, , ,
,


,
, ,
,
, ,
, , ,
.

42

-
24
. 3, 8, 4,
7 . ,
, ,
.

,
, ,
1990-2000
. -
,
, , ,
. ,
, , ,

.
,
, ,
, , -
.

43

1.
1.
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
2.

/
/
0-16
/, ,
/
,

,
/
/

2.1

, ,

2.2

8-

2.3

2.4

2.5

2.6
3.
3.1
3.2
3.3
6.
6.1

,
,
/ /

/ /

7.
7.1

7.3

,


,

7.4

7.2

9.
9.1

//

9.2

, ,

44

9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6

,



, ,
,

1.

1990
2015 2

2. ,
1990
2015 6
3.
,


4. ,

,

5. 2015
.
6. 2009
, 2015



7.

2. - ,

45

8. ,

9.
1990
2015 4
10.

,
1990 2015
4
11. 2015
//,
//
,

12. 2015
.
13.

14.
,
,
.
15. , ,

16. 2015
,


17. 2015

18.

19.

,

,


20. ,


,

, ,

46

21.

,

22.

,
,


23. ,

24.

47

3.



2008 09 19

64

2015
,
18 18.1.2
:
.
.
. 2015
.
. 2015
,

. .

48

,
2015
1. ,
1:
1990 2015 2

//

1990
-

2000
63.1

2005
34.3

2006
25.6

2007
22.3

2015
13.0

2005
9.7

2006
6.9

2007
5.5

2015
4.2

//

1990
-

2000
24.1

2: , 1990
2015 6
5
1990
2000
2005
2006
28.3

9.5
2.9
2.3
(1997)

2007

2015

0.5

5
1990
2000
2005
2006
2007
10.9

3.0
0.19
0.18
1
(1997)

2015

5
1990
2000
2005
6

4
1
(1993)

0.5

2006

2007

2015

0.5

3: ,

//
2000
2005
2006

36.0
56.1
56.3

2007
60.2

2015
70.0

15-24 //
2000
2005
2006
2007

6.1
1.5
2.2
2.1

2015
2.0

49

4: ,
,

,

1990
2000
2005
2006
2007
2015

0.0
2.
5: 2015

2000
2005
2006

147.3
127.6
129.4

2007
129.5

2015
100.0

2000
2005
2006
2007
2015

77.1
110.6
99.4
71.8
100.0
15-24
2000
2005
2006

99.0
99.5
99.6
3.

2007
99.6

2015
100.0

6: 2009
, 2015

,

2000
1.0

2005
1.02

2006
0.9

2007
1.02

,
2000
2005
2006
2007

0.75
0.88
0.88
0.88

2015
1.0
2015
1.0

7:

-

2000
2005
2006
2007
2015

53.8
48.2
46.2
48.5
50.0

50

1994-1996

1996-2000

2000-2004

2004-2008

2015

1992-1994

8: ,

12

28

25

28.5

20

40

66.6

40

40

20

16.7

16.7

50

25

75

50

50

33

33

35

36.4

50

4.
9: 1990
2015 4
5 (1000 )
2000
2005
2006
2007
2015

40.1
47.8
38.1
29.6
21.0
(1000 )
2000
2005
2006

32.1
41.8
39.9

2007
19.7

1990
2000
2005
2006
2007

(1993) 97.1%
99.6%
99.0%
99.6%
98.9%

2015
13.3
2015
99.8

5.
10:
, 1990 2015
4
(100000 )
2000
2005
2006

200.8
0
0

2007
141.2

1990
2000
2005
2006
2007

97.2 (1993)
97.1
98.5
99.3
99.2

2015
0
2015
99.9

51

2006
2007

75.4
81.6

2015
100.0

6

2006
2007
2015

76.02
88.5
100.0
6. ,
//,
//, ,
11: 2015 (),
() ,

,
2007
91.4
91.4
289

*
- *
10000 *

-
2015
100.0
100.0
100

12: 2015
(100000 )
1990
2000
2005

163.4/1995/
59
170.1/2004/

2006
-

(100000 )
2000
2005
2006

187.8
272.9
199.3

2007
59.4

2015
36.0

2007
174.6

2015
87.3

(100000 )
2000
2005
2006
2007

4.8
7.8
0
3.6

2015
0

, ,

2000
2005
2006
2007
2015

100
100
100
100
13 : .
5-6 ()

52

1990 (1993)
79.8

2000
82

2005
83.7

2006
81

2007
80.1

2015
75.0

7.
14: ,
, ,

1990
2000

2005
-

2006
-

1990
2000
2005
2006

0.018
0.018

2007
0.0008

2015
0.0001

2007
0.018

2015
0.020

15: , ,

1990
2000
2005
2006
2007
2015

60.0
80.0
,
1990
2000
2005
2006
2007
2015

1
4
16: 2015 ,

1990
2000
2005
2006

6.1
6.2
7.2

2007
7.6

2015
0.0

1990
2000
2005
2006
2007
2015

6.3
6.2
6.0
3.0
17:

2015

2000
2005
2006
2007
2015

36.08
24.09
26.92
28.99
30.0

53

.

21: ,

(1000 )
2000
2005
2006

69.01
68.97
53.97

2007
44.71

(1000 )
1990
2000
2005
2006
2007

2.5

2015
70.0
2015
8.0

. ,

22: ,
,

-

//

, ,

23: ,

-

24:

54