K i n g F a h d U n i v e r s i t y o f P e t r ol e u m a n d M i n e r a l s Hafr-Al-Batin Community College Hand out # 12

MET-276 Machining Technology

TURNING OPERATIONS

Introduction
Turning is a machining process to produce parts round in shape by a single point tool on lathes. The tool is fed either linearly in the direction parallel or perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the workpiece, or along a specified path to produce complex rotational shapes. The primary motion of cutting in turning is the rotation of the workpiece, and the secondary motion of cutting is the feed motion.

Figure 1 Schematic illustration of the basic turning operation showing depth of cut d, feed f and spindle rotation N in rev/min. Cutting conditions in turning Cutting speed in turning V in m/s is related to the rotational speed of the workpiece by the equation; V = DN Where D is the diameter of the workpiece; N is the rotational speed of the workpiece.

Operations in turning
Turning To reduce the diameter of a part to a desired dimension. The process is used to produce straight, conical, curved, or grooved workpieces such as shafts, spindles and pins.

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K i n g F a h d U n i v e r s i t y o f P e t r ol e u m a n d M i n e r a l s Hafr-Al-Batin Community College Hand out # 12

MET-276 Machining Technology

TURNING OPERATIONS

Figure 2 Different turning operations Facing A lathe can be used to create a smooth, flat face very accurately perpendicular to the axis of a cylindrical part. Tool is fed radially or axially to create a flat machined surface. Face grooving produces grooves for applications such as O-ring seats.

Figure 3 Facing Knurling It does not involve material removal. Instead, it is a metal forming operation used to produce a regular crosshatched pattern (regular shaped roughness) on cylindrical surface. It uses as a grip.

Figure 4 Knurling
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K i n g F a h d U n i v e r s i t y o f P e t r ol e u m a n d M i n e r a l s Hafr-Al-Batin Community College Hand out # 12

MET-276 Machining Technology

TURNING OPERATIONS

Cutting with form tool To produce various axi-symmetric shapes for functional or aesthetic purposes.

Figure 5 Cutting with a form tool

Drilling To produce a hole, this may be followed by boring to improve its dimensional accuracy with surface finish.

Figure 6 Drilling Boring To enlarge a hole or cylindrical cavity made by a previous process or to produce circular internal grooves.

Figure 7 Boring

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K i n g F a h d U n i v e r s i t y o f P e t r ol e u m a n d M i n e r a l s Hafr-Al-Batin Community College Hand out # 12

MET-276 Machining Technology

TURNING OPERATIONS

Grooving

(a) Internal grooving

(b) Plunge grooving Figure 8

(c) Face grooving

Parting It also known as cutting off, to cut a piece from the end of a part, as is done in the production of slugs or blanks for additional processing into discrete products.

Figure 9 Parting Contour turning (profiling) Cutting tool has a simple shape, but the feed motion is complex; cutting tool is fed along a contour thus creating a contoured shape on the workpiece. For profiling, special lathes or devices are required.

Figure 10 Profiling

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K i n g F a h d U n i v e r s i t y o f P e t r ol e u m a n d M i n e r a l s Hafr-Al-Batin Community College Hand out # 12

MET-276 Machining Technology

TURNING OPERATIONS

Threading Different possibilities are available to produce a thread on a lathe. Threads are cut using lathes by advancing the cutting tool at a feed exactly equal to the thread pitch. The single-point cutting tool cuts in a helical band, which is actually a thread.

Figure 11 Threading

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