Abstract The variable speed double-feed induction

generator wind turbine (DFIG) is today the most widely used

concept, owing to its high performance, its capability to
capture the maximum wind energy, and the low cost of the
induction machine. These features contribute to the continuous
installation of the DFIG power generation in several countries
[1]. As a consequence, in the near future, this type of wind
turbines may start to influence the behavior of electric power
systems by interacting with conventional generation and loads.
Therefore, DFIG turbine models that can be integrated into
power system simulation software are needed.
The DFIG is a standard, wound rotor induction machine
with its stator winding connected directly to the grid and its
rotor windings connected to the grid trough an ac/dc/ac PWM
converter. The ac/dc/ac converter normally consists of a
machine-side converter and a grid-side converter, both of
which are controlled by decoupled d-q control approaches. The
detailed model of the DFIG demands high computational
requirement, which increases when a wind farm is considered.
The aim of this paper is, therefore, to propose a new simplified
model of the DFIG appropriate for bulk power system
dynamic studies.

Index Termsinduction generator, wind, turbine, DFIG,
power, system, PWM, converter, model.
I. INTRODUCTION
URING the last decade, DFIG turbines have become
the most dominating type of yearly installed wind
turbines [2,3]. There are several reasons for using DFIG
wind turbines; among those are the capability to reduce
stresses of the mechanical structure, to smooth wind power
fluctuations, acoustic noise reduction and the possibility to
control active and reactive power [4]. Another essential
feature of the DFIG system is that the ac/dc/ac PWM
converter, connected between the grid and the induction
machine rotor circuit, only has to handle a fraction (20-30
%) of the turbine rated power [2,5-7]. This means that the
losses in the power electronic equipment can be reduced in
comparison to power electronic equipment that has to
handle the turbine rated power as for a direct-driven
synchronous generator, apart from the cost saving of using a
smaller converter [8]. These attractive features contribute to
the continuous growth of DFIG power generation around
the world [1]. In this sense, it is expected that this type of
turbine may start to influence the behavior of electric power

This work was supported partially by the Consejo Nacional de
Investigaciones Cientficas y Tcnicas, (CONICET), Argentina.
L. J. Ontiveros, P. E. Mercado and G. O. Suvire are with the Instituto de
Energa Elctrica de la Universidad Nacional de San Juan, San Juan,
J5400ARL Argentina (e-mails: ontiveros@iee.unsj.edu.ar,
pmercado@iee.unsj.edu.ar, gsuvire@iee.unsj.edu.ar).
.
systems, and to interact with conventional power plants and
loads. So, DFIG mathematic models are needed in order to
predict its dynamic response in power systems.
The integration of the DFIG model into power system
simulation software demands high computational
requirements, owing to the several dynamic equations that
describe the complex structure of the turbine. This
complexity increases when a wind farm is considered.
Therefore, the focus of this article is to determine a DFIG
simplified model suitable for power system simulation
software.
The paper is organized as follows. Chapter II presents the
configuration of the DFIG wind turbine and the fundamental
control principles. Chapter III introduces the detailed
models of the turbine rotor, the wound rotor induction
machine and the ac/dc/ac PWM converter. Chapter IV
proposes the equivalent simplified model of the DFIG; this
model takes into account the rotor speed limitations that
determine the dynamic response of the DFIG. The active
and reactive equivalent models are also obtained. Chapter V
compares the detailed model with the simplified model by
digital simulation, employing the Matlab/Simulink software
package.
II. WIND TURBINE AND CONTROLS
The wind turbine consists of a rotor, a gear box, and the
DFIG subsystem. The DFIG is a standard, wound rotor
induction machine with its stator windings directly
connected to the grid, and its rotor windings connected to
the grid trough an ac/dc/ac PWM converter (figure 1). In
modern DFIG designs, the ac/dc/ac converter is built by two
self-commutated PWM converter, with an intermediate dc
voltage link. By controlling the converters on both sides, the
DFIG characteristics can be adjusted so as to achieve
maximum of effective power conversion for a wind turbine
and to control its power generation with less fluctuation [5].
Each wind turbine has some physical operational
restrictions, strongly related to the acceptable noise
emission, to the mechanical stresses, to the size and
efficiency of the generator and the PWM converter. It is
therefore necessary to limit the generator speed range. For
example, the operational speed range [
rot,min
,
rot,max
],
shown in figure 2 covers the generator sub-synchronous
speed range as well as the generator super-synchronous
speed range, which is allowed by the DFIG control systems.
A New Model of the Double-Feed Induction
Generator Wind Turbine
L. J. Ontiveros, P. E. Mercado, Senior Member, IEEE, and G. O. Suvire
D
2010 IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition: Latin America 263
978-1-4577-0487-1/10/$26.00 2010 IEEE

Wound Rotor
Induction Machine
dc dc
ac ac
dc/ac/dc Converter
i'
r
U
c
i
g
V
s

rot
,
rot
Pitch
Controller
L
Grid Side
Converter
Controller
Rotor Side
Converter
Controller
V
g V
r
i
g
V
s
i
s
Q f
P
rot,ref

rot
Rotor
Gearbox
Power
Controller


Fig. 1. DFIG turbine and Control System.

The targets of the DFIG control system are: 1) to control
the power drawn from the wind turbine in order to track the
maximum power operation point, 2) to limit the power in
case of high wind speeds and 3) to control the reactive
power interchanged between the wind turbine generator and
the grid [3]. In order to perform these tasks, the control
system is divided into four sub-systems: the power
controller, the pitch controller, the rotor-side converter
controller, and the grid-side converter controller [9]. The
control strategies are explained in the next sections:
A. Power Controller
The power controller measures the rotor angular speed

rot
and sets the rotor power reference P
rot,ref
according to a
pre-defined power-speed characteristic, named tracking
characteristic. An example of such a characteristic is
illustrated in figure 2, by the ABCD curve superimposed to
the mechanical power characteristics of the turbine obtained
at different wind speeds. The actual rotor speed
rot
is
measured and the corresponding mechanical power of the
tracking characteristic is used as the reference power for the
rotor-side controller. The tracking characteristic is defined
by four points: A, B, C and D. From zero speed to speed of
point A the reference power is zero. Between point A and
point B the tracking characteristic is a straight line, the
speed of point B must be greater than the speed of point A.
Between point B and point C the tracking characteristic is
the locus of the maximum power of the turbine (maxima of
the turbine power vs turbine speed curves). The tracking
characteristic is a straight line from point C and point D.
The power at point D is one per unit (1 pu) and the speed of
the point D must be greater than the speed of point C.
Beyond point D the reference power is a constant equal to
one per unit (1 pu).
The rotor-side converter controller measures the rotor
power reference and sets the power generated by the DFIG.
The difference between the generator power and the rotor
power causes deviations of the rotor speed, which are
measured by the power controller; therefore a new value of
the rotor power reference is calculated. This process repeats
indefinitely.
P
r
o
t
,
r
e
f

[
p
u
]


Fig. 2. DFIG tracking characteristic.

Fig. 3. Pitch controller.
B. Pitch Controller
The pitch controller measures the rotor speed and sets the
pitch angle of the rotor blades. Figure 3 shows the controller
configuration. The pitch angle is kept constant at zero
degree until the speed reaches point D speed of the tracking
characteristic. Beyond point D the pitch angle is
proportional to the speed deviation from point D speed. The
control system incorporates a proportional gain K
pitch
, a
saturation block that limits the pitch angle between 0 and

max
, and a speed limiter d/dt.
C. Rotor Side Converter Controller
The rotor-side converter controller commonly consists of
a reactive regulator, a torque regulator, and a current
regulator as shown in figure 4. In this case, the converter
operates in stator-voltage oriented reference frame and
hence the d-axis current component affects the torque and
consequently the active power, and the q-axis current
component sets the reactive power flow of the DFIG
turbine. The rotor side controller measures the value of
P
rot,ref
and discount the estimated induction machine losses
P
dfig,loss
in order to obtain the DFIG electric power P
dfig
. The
quotient between P
dfig
and
rot
is the estimated torque
T
dfig,ref
; this value is used for the calculation of the d-axis
rotor current reference. In the reactive regulator, the error
between the reference and the actual reactive power enters
to a PI regulator and sets the q-axis rotor current reference.
In the current regulator, the actual d-q rotor current follows
the reference employing a PI control loop. Then, the value
of the rotor impedance is used for the d-q voltage
calculation; this voltage must be generated by the PWM
rotor-side converter.
264 2010 IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition: Latin America

) , (
2
1
3
| e
p wind rot rot rot rot
C v A T P = =
wind
rot rot
v
R e
=
i
e C
i
p

|
21
5 4 . 0
116
5 . 0 ) , (

|
|
.
|

\
|
=
1
3
1
035 . 0
08 . 0
1

|
|
.
|

\
|
+

+
=
| |

i
(

=
(

+ +
qs
ds
s
qs
ds
qs
ds
s
qs
ds
dt
d
i
i
R
V
V

0 1
1 0
(

=
(

+ +
qr
dr
s
qr
dr
qr
dr
r
qr
dr
s
dt
d
i
i
R
V
V
'
'
'
'
'
'
'
'
0 1
1 0

(
(
(
(
(

(
(
(
(

=
(
(
(
(
(

qr
dr
qs
ds
r m
r m
m s
m s
qr
dr
qs
ds
i
i
i
i
L L
L L
L L
L L
'
'
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
'
'

( )
s
r s
s
e
e e
=
m ls s
L L L + =
m lr r
L L L + =
abc to dq0
Transformation
V
s PLL

s
i
r
i
s
i
g

rotor

rotor,r

-
Estimation of the
losses in the
induction machine
f
P
rot,ref
P
dfig,loss

T
dfig,ref
V
s,dq
f

m s
m
L L
L
+

s,est
i
dr,ref
Speed limiter
Sat
1.0
0.0
Torque Regulator
i
dr,ref
Q

-
PI
1.0
0.0
Reactive Regulator
Q
ref
i
qr,ref
i
r,dq,ref

-
PI
0.1
-0.1
i
r,dq
Z
rot

+
i
r,dq
V*
wr,dq
Setting of the
modulation index
|V
r,ref
|= 1.0 pu
V
r,dq
sen, cos
V
r
U
c

rot
i
s,dq
i
r,dq
i
g,dq
P
dfig
Speed
limiter
Current Regulator
dq0 to abc
Transformation
Estimation of the
stator flux

Fig. 4. Rotor-side converter controller.

V
s
PLL

s
i
g
abc to dq0
Transformation
U
c,ref
= 1.0 pu

-
PI
Speed
Limiter
i
g,max
-i
g,max
Voltage Regulator
i
dg,ref
i
qg,ref
= 0 pu
i
g,dq,ref

-
PI
V
g,max
Current Regulator
-V
g,max
Z
L
V
s,dq

-
i
g,dq
V*
g,dq
Setting of the
modulation index
|V
g,ref
|= 1.0 pu
V
g,dq
sen, cos
V
g U
c
U
c
dq0 to abc
Transformation
i
g,dq

Fig. 5. Grid-side converter controller.
D. Grid Side Converter Controller
The aim of the control of the grid-side converter is to
maintain the dc-link capacitor voltage in a set value (1 pu)
regardless of the magnitude and the direction of the rotor
power and to guarantee a converter operation with unity
power factor (zero reactive power). This means that the
grid-side converter exchanges with the grid only active
power, and therefore the transmission of reactive power
from the DFIG to the grid is done only through the stator of
the induction machine. The dc voltage and the reactive
power are controlled indirectly by controlling the grid side
converter current.
During the super-synchronous DFIG operation, the
active power flows from the rotor to the grid, and hence the
capacitor voltage is increased. The opposite occurs when the
induction machine operates at sub-synchronous speed. In
the grid-side converter controller, the error between the
reference and the actual dc voltage enters to a PI control
loop in order to obtain the d-axis current reference. Then,
the actual grid-side current follows its reference employing
a current regulator (figure 5). Finally, the grid side voltage
is obtained multiplying the actual current by the coupling
impedance (L); this voltage must be synthesized by the
PWM grid-side converter.
III. DETAILED MODEL OF THE DFIG TURBINE
The detailed models of the turbine rotor, the
asynchronous induction machine, and the average model of
the PWM power converter, are explained in the next
sections:
A. Turbine Rotor
The algebraical relation between wind speed (v
wind
) and
mechanical power extracted (P
rot
) is described by the
following relation:

(1)

where is the air density [kg/m
3
], C
p
is the power
coefficient, is the tip speed ratio, is the pitch angle [deg],
and A
rot
is the area covered by the rotor [m
2
]. The value of
is obtained with (2):

(2)

where R
rot
is the radius of the rotor [m]. The power
coefficient C
p
is obtained with (3) and (4):

(3)


(4)
B. Wound Rotor Induction Machine
A commonly used induction machine model is the Park
model [10]. Using the motor convention, the space vector
theory set the stator and rotor voltage equations and flux
equations in the form:

(5)


(6)




(7)



(8)


(9)

(10)

where R
s
, R
r
, L
ls
and L
lr
are the resistances and the leakage
inductances of the DFIG stator and rotor windings; L
m
is the
mutual inductance, V, i, , are the voltage, current and flux
in coordinates d-q (subindex s and r denotes stator and rotor
ONTIVEROS AND MERCADO : A NEW MODEL OF THE DOUBLE-FEED INDUCTION 265

( )
ds qs qs ds dfig
i i p T = 5 . 1
( )
rot rot dfig rot
T B T
H dt
d
= e e
2
1
c c r r
p
g
g g r g c
i U i V
R
V
i V P P P =
|
|
.
|

\
|
= = ' '
2
)
= dt i
C
U
c c
1
2
,
2
, max rated rot rated wrim
P S Q =
( )
q ds d qs
i V i V Q =
2
3
( )
q qs d ds
i V i V P + =
2
3
( )
s s s r s
P s P s P P P P = ~ + = 1
respectively);
s
and
r
are the speeds of stator and rotor
currents in electrical angle; and s is the machine slip. The
electromagnetic torque produced by the DFIG is calculated
with (11):

(11)

where p is the number of pole pairs of the induction
machine. The relationship between the electromagnetic and
the mechanical model of the DFIG is given by the rotational
motion equation:

(12)

where H is the inertia constant of the rotor and B is the
viscous friction coefficient.
C. PWM Power Converter
Usually, the ac/dc/ac PWM power converter has two
voltage source converters (VSC) implemented with IGBT in
a back to back configuration. The model employed in this
work represents the IGBT-VSC by an equivalent ac voltage
source that generates at the fundamental frequency (Figure
6). Therefore, the grid and rotor-side converters operate at
grid and slip frequency respectively. This model does not
represent harmonics, but the dynamics resulting from
control system and power system interaction is preserved
[9]. The model incorporates an equivalent resistance R
p
. in
order to calculate the converter power losses. The
instantaneous power flow from the grid to the capacitor is
calculated with (13). The dc-link voltage is obtained with
(14).

Fig. 6. Average model of the ac/dc/ac converter.


(13)


(14)

IV. PROPOSED MODEL OF THE DFIG TURBINE
The proposed model is based on the fact that the DFIG
dynamic response changes abruptly with the rotor angular
speed. When
rot
is between points B and C from the
tracking characteristic curve (figure 2), the control system
operates the turbine at variable speed, therefore the wind
turbulence is absorbed by the rotor inertia and consequently
the DFIG dynamic response is slow. On the other hand,
when the wind speed is too low or high, the control system
operates the turbine in the A-B or C-D regions of the
tracking characteristic, so the DFIG generates at fixed
speed. Therefore the wind turbulence causes fast torque
fluctuations; in consequence the turbine dynamic response is
fast.
These differences in the DFIG behavior are modeled
through a first order low-pass filter with a variable delay
time (T
dfig
). This filter measures the wind speed at the input
and estimates the rotor angular speed with a delay time
which depends on the value of
rot
. When
rot
is in the A-B
or C-D region, the value of T
dfig
is low; in the B-C region,
T
dfig
is high.
The simplified model also includes the tracking
characteristic and a constant gain in order to obtain the rotor
power and generator active power respectively. All the
parameters are obtained through the comparison between
the detailed and the proposed model, employing the trial and
error method. The schematic representation is shown in
figure 7:
T
d
f
i
g

Fig. 7. Simplified model of the DFIG turbine.
Estimation of the state variables
The work presented in [3] estimates the stator and rotor
active power (P
s
, P
r
) considering a loss-less generator in
steady state at fixed speed:

(15)

Usually, the rated power of the asynchronous machine is
greater than the rated power of the rotor, for security
requirements. This power margin is used for reactive power
generation; the maximum value of reactive power is:

(16)

Due to the fast dynamic response of the reactive power
control, the simplified reactive power model only employs a
saturation block in order to limit the reactive power
reference. Finally, the d-q voltage and current of the DFIG
system is obtained with (17) and (18):


(17)


(18)
V. SIMULATIONS
The simplified and the detailed models of the DFIG
turbine are compared using transient simulations in order to
validate the model proposed in this paper. The DFIG
parameters are obtained from [9] and are summarized in
table I. The parameters of the proposed model are: K
turb
=1.4
266 2010 IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition: Latin America

and K
wrim
=0.9762. The values of T
dfig
are summarized in
table II.

TABLE I
PARAMETERS OF THE DFIG TURBINE
Name Value
Turbine Rated Power 1.5 MW
Generator Rated Power 1.66 MVA
Maximum Reactive Power 725 kVAR
Generator Speed range 700 1210 rpm
Inertia constant 5.04 s
Viscous friction coefficient 0.934 N.m.s
AC Nominal Voltage 575 V
DC Link Voltage 1200 V
DC Link Capacitor 0.01 F
Coupling Inductance 0.1894 mH

TABLE II
VALUES OF THE DELAY TIME OF THE DFIG SIMPLIFIED MODEL
Rotor Speed Range [pu] T
dfig
[s]
0 0.71 0.33
0.71 1.2 10
1.2 1.21 0.5
A. Step Response
The aim of this simulation is to determine the DFIG step
response considering two operation modes: variable rotor
speed and fixed rotor speed. The first case analyses the
turbine behavior when the wind speed is medium and the
turbine operates in the B-C region of figure 2 (variable rotor
speed). Figure 8 (a) shows the wind speed profile, and
figure 8 (b) illustrates the rotor speed, which is less than 1.0
pu and consequently the generator operates at sub-
synchronous speed. So, the active power of the rotor circuit
is negative (figure 8 d) and hence it flows from the grid to
the wound rotor through the ac/dc/ac converter. Figures 8
(c) and (e) illustrate the stator and the total active power of
the DFIG respectively. The simulations confirm the slow
response of the DFIG turbine when it operates at variable
rotor speed.

Fig. 8. Step response of the DFIG turbine at variable rotor speed: (a) wind
speed profile, (b) rotor speed, (c) stator active power, (d) rotor active
power, (e) DFIG active power.
Time [s]
v
w
i
n
d
[
m
/
s
]

r
o
t
[
p
u
]
P
s
[
k
W
]
Simplified Model
Detailed Model
Wind Speed Profile
(a)
(b)
(c)
P
r
[
k
W
]
P
[
k
W
]
Stator Active Power
Rotor Active Power
Simplified Model
Detailed Model
DFIG Active Power
(d)
(e)
Rotor Speed
Simplified Model
Detailed Model
Simplified Model
Detailed Model
13.5
13
12.5
12
11.5
1.21
1.205
1.20
1200
1000
800
250
200
150
1200
1400
1000

Fig. 9. Step response of the DFIG turbine at fixed rotor speed: (a) wind
speed profile, (b) rotor speed, (c) stator active power, (d) rotor active
power, (e) DFIG active power.

The second case analyzes the DFIG behavior when the
wind speed is high and the generator operates in the C-D
region of figure 2 (fixed rotor speed). Figure 9 (a) shows the
wind speed profile and figure 9 (b) illustrates the rotor
speed, which is greater than 1.0 pu and therefore the
generator operates at super-synchronous speed. So, the rotor
active power is positive (figure 9 d) and hence it flows from
the rotor circuit to the grid. Figure 9 (c) and (e) shows the
fast fluctuations of active power produced by the generator
during the fixed speed operation mode.
In both cases (variable and fixed rotor speed), the
proposed model represents the DFIG behavior with a high
degree of accuracy.
B. Dynamic Analysis of the DFIG Turbine
In this section, a numerical method is used for the wind
speed calculation. Then, the rotor speed and the active
power of the DFIG turbine are estimated employing the
detailed and the simplified model.
Numerical Simulation Procedure of the Wind Speed
The numerical simulation procedure employs the wind
speed model proposed in [4]. This model is based on the
Van der Hoven model (figure 10), which represents the
wind spectral intensity in the range from 0.0007 to 900
cycles per hour. Such a frequency range contains the
spectral domain that describes the synoptic and diurnal
variations, as well as the spectral range of the turbulent
component [4].
The numerical method consists of two parts (figure 11).
The first part samples the synoptic and diurnal spectral
intensity (0.0007 to 6 cycles per hour) using the sample
period T
ds
, in order to obtain the medium and long-term
component of the wind speed (v
ds
). This method considers
the wind speed as a stationary random process (constant
mean and constant standard deviation).
The second part considers the wind speed as a non-
stationary random process, where v
ds
is the mean value.
Therefore, it is necessary to calculate the standard deviation
(
v
) for each value of v
ds
. The values of v
ds
and
v
set the
ONTIVEROS AND MERCADO : A NEW MODEL OF THE DOUBLE-FEED INDUCTION 267

spectral density of the turbulence employing the Kaimal
model [4]. Then, the turbulence spectral density is sampled
using the period T
t
, with the aim to obtain the short-term
component of the wind speed (v
t
). Finally, the value of v
t

adds to v
ds
in order to obtain the wind speed v
wind
.
Pico Sinptico
Pico Diurno
Pico Turbulento
Frecuencia, log (f)
10 das 4 das 24 h 10 h 2 h 1 h 30 min 10 min 3 min 1 min 30 s 10 s 5 s
V
a
r
i
a
n
z
a

[
m
2
/
s
2
]
V
a
r
i
a
n
c
e

[
m
2
/
s
2
]
Frequency, log(f)
10 d 4 d
Synoptic Peak
Turbulent Peak
Diurnal Peak

Fig. 10. Wind spectral intensity by Van der Hoven.
w
f
1
S
ds
(w) f S
vv
(w)
Harmonics
A
dsi

i
Wind Speed
v
ds
(kT
ds
)
T
ds
10 min
v
ds
(kT
ds
)
A
ti

i
Turbulent Spectra
(Kaimal)
S
t
(w)
T
t
1 s
v
ds
(kT
ds
)
z
0 z
v
f
L
1v
Standard
Deviation

v
Parameters
lat
v
t
(kT
t
)
v
ind
(kT
t
)
+
Wind Spectral
Intensity
w
w
f
c
z, z
0
Part 1: medium and long-term component calculation
Harmonics
Part 2: short-term component calculation
Wind Speed

Fig. 11. Numerical simulation procedure of the wind speed.
Simulation of the active power
Figure 12 (a) shows the wind speed profile obtained with
the numerical method previously explained. The wind speed
consists of a turbulent component that depends on the
medium and long-term component. These fluctuations are
partially compensated by the rotor inertia when the DFIG
turbine operates at variable rotor speed (figure 12 b). In this
case, the generator operates at sub-synchronous speed (
rot

less than 1.0 pu). Figure 12 (c) shows the active power
generated by the induction machine. This experiment also
verifies the validity of the DFIG proposed model.
v
w
i
n
d
[
m
/
s
]

r
o
t
[
p
u
]
P
[
k
W
]

Fig. 12. DFIG behavior at variable rotor speed: (a) wind speed profile, (b)
rotor speed, (c) DFIG active power.
VI. CONCLUSIONS
In this paper, a new simplified model for representing the
DFIG turbine in power system dynamics simulation
software was presented. First, the detailed model of the
DFIG was developed and practical values for the various
parameters were given. For the simplified model, a first
order low-pass filter with variable delay time is proposed for
the rotor speed estimation; where the delay time varies
according to the rotor speed. Then, the tracking
characteristic and a constant gain calculate the rotor and the
generator power respectively.
The detailed and simplified models of the DFIG turbine
were used in the simulations performed in chapter V. The
results showed a high concordance between them. In this
sense, the proposed model is a powerful tool suited to
simulate the impact of wind farms in power systems. It is
not intended for simulation of a fault or switching action at
the turbine itself.
VII. ACKNOWLEDGMENT
This work was partially financed by the Consejo
Nacional de Investigaciones Cientficas y Tcnicas
(CONICET), Argentina.
VIII. REFERENCES
[1] A. D. Hansen, L. H. Hansen, "Market Penetration of wind turbine
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[2] L. H. Hansen, L. Helle, F. Blaabjerg, E. Ritchie, S. Munk-Nielsen, H.
Bindner, P. Srensen, and B. Bak-Jensen, "Conceptual survey of
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Laboratory, Roskilde, Denmark, Tech. Rep. Ris-R-1205(EN), ISBN
87-550-2743-8, Dec. 2001.
[3] A. D. Hansen, F. Iov, P. Sorensen, F. Blaabjerg, "Overall Control
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[4] T. Burton, D. Sharpe, N. Jenkins, E. Bossanyi, Wind Energy
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[5] W.L. Kling and J.G. Slootweg, "Wind turbines as Power Plants," in
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[7] L. Xu and C. Wei, "Torque and Reactive Power Control of a Doubly
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[9] Hydro-Qubec website: http://www.hydroquebec.com/en/index.html
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th
IET Conference on Power
Electronics, Machines and Drives, PEMD, York, United Kingdom,
2008.

Leonardo Javier Ontiveros was born in San Juan, Argentina, on
October 9, 1977. He graduated as an electronic engineer from the National
University of San Juan (UNSJ), Argentina in 2004. He is currently a Ph.D.
candidate in Electrical Engineering from the same University, carrying out
part in the COPPE institute, in the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro in
Brazil. His research interests include simulation methods, power systems
dynamics and control, power electronics modeling and design, and the
application of wind energy and energy storage in power systems.
268 2010 IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition: Latin America

Pedro Enrique Mercado (M02, SM02) was born in San Juan,
Argentina, on August 26, 1953. He graduated as an electromechanical
engineer from the UNSJ, and received his Ph.D. from the Aachen
University of Technology, Germany. Dr. Mercado is currently a professor
of electrical engineering at the UNSJ and a researcher with CONICET. He
is a Senior Member of the IEEE Power Engineering Society. His research
activities are focused on dynamic simulation, operation security, power
electronics, economic operation and control of electric power systems.






































































Gastn Orlando Suvire was born in San Juan, Argentina, on November
13, 1977. He graduated as an electric engineer from the National University
of San Juan (UNSJ), Argentina in 2002. He received his Ph.D. from the
same University in 2009, carrying out part in the COPPE institute, in the
Federal University of Rio de Janeiro in Brazil. His research interests
include simulation methods, power systems dynamics and control, power
electronics modeling and design, and the application of wind energy and
energy storage in power systems.
ONTIVEROS AND MERCADO : A NEW MODEL OF THE DOUBLE-FEED INDUCTION 269