The axis of the earth is an imaginary line on which the earth rotates.It links up both the two poles.

Both the axis and the earth are tilted at an angle of 23 1/2 degrees during a revolution.

The tilting of the axis results in direct sunlight falling on different places during different seasons.

This causes variations in the duration of days,nights, and seasons. Relationship between the location of the overhead sun and the seasons. Similarly, the revolution of the earth and the tilting of the axis results in different angle of the sun during different periods. When the sun is directly overhead,we called this the overhead sun. At this time, the earth surface and the mid day sun forms a 90 degree angle. Different locations of the overhead sun results in variations in the amount of solo radiation received in different areas and the different periods.

Spring equinox,on the 21st or 22nd of March, the overhead sun is over the equator. The equator receives the largest amount of solar radiation. At this time, the northern hemisphere is in the Spring equinox while the southern hemisphere is in the autumn equinox. The angle of the sun decreases towards the poles.On this day, the two hemisphere receives a similar amount of solar radiation and the lenght of day and night is the same at all places on the earth.

After this day it is spring in the northern hemisphere where the day is longer than the night. In the southern hemisphere,it becomes autumn when the day is shorter than the night. Summer solstice,on the 21st or 22nd of June, the overhead sun is over the traffic of cancer. It receives the largest amount of solar radiation.

At this time the northern hemisphere is in the Summer solstice while the 2nd hemisphere is in the winter solstice.

The angle of the sun decreases towards the poles.On this day, the lenght of day time of the northern hemisphere is the longest in the year while that of the 2nd hemisphere is the shortest in the year. Besides there are 24 hours of day light light of the optic circle. At 24 hours of darkness at the antarctic circle. Autumn equinox, on the 22nd or 23rd of September, the overhead sun is over the equator again. The equator recieves the largest amount of solar radiation. On this day,the northern hemisphere is in the autumn equinox while the southern hemisphere is in the spring equinox. The angle of the sun decreases towards the poles .On this day, the two hemisphere recieves amount of solar radiation. And the lenght of day and night is the same at all places in the earth . After this day, it is autumn in the northern hemisphere while the day is shorter than the night.In the southern hemisphere it becomes spring when the day is longer than the night. Winter solstice,on the 21st and 22nd of December, the overhead sun is over the traffic of capricorn.

It recieves recieves the largest amount of solar radiation On this day,the northern hemisphere is in the inter solstice while the southern hemisphere is in the summer solstice. The angle of the sun decreases towards the poles. On this day,the lenght of daytime on the northern hemisphere is the shortest in the year while that of the southern hemisphere is the longest in the year. There are 24 hours of darkness at the arctic circle,and 24 hours of daylight at the antarctic circle.