Timber Truss Design

Kurt Louis A.
Montemor
Timber Roofing Design
2010
A detailed design of Timber Roofing using Philippine wood grades, in
accordance with the National Structural Code of the Philippines (NSCP).
Timber Roofing Design
Dimensions of Members (b x h):

Purlin:
2 x 3
h Top Chord: 2 1 x 4
Bottom Chord:2 1 x 4
b
Web Member: 1 1 x 4
Purlin Design:
0.559 m
Influence Strip Width = 0.559m
Dead Load: (along inclination of the roof)

Roofing: Using Gage 24 G.I. Corrugated Sheet:
0.075 kPa
Insulation: 10mm urethane foam w/ skin:
0.009 kPa
Total: 0.084 kPa
, =
, =
2
5
1
5
0.084 0.559
= 0.042 /
0.084 0.559
= 0.021 /
Actual
Code Specified
0.042 kN/m
0.084 kPa
0.021 kN/m
5
5
1
2
Normal Component
0.042 kN/m
1
(0,0)
(1.6667,0)
1.6667 m
(3.3333,0)
1.6667 m
4
(5,0)
1.6667 m
5m
Tangential Component
0.021 kN/m
1
(0,0)
(1.6667,0)
1.6667 m
(3.3333,0)
1.6667 m
5m
3
1.6667 m
4
(5,0)
Live Load: (along horizontal)

Roof Live Load:
, =
, =
2
5
1
5
0.750 kPa
0.750 0.5
= 0.3354 /
0.750 0.5
= 0.1677 /
0.750 kPa
Code Specified
0.3354 kN/m
0.1677 kN/m
5
5
1
2
Normal Component
0.3354 kN/m
1
(0,0)
(1.6667,0)
1.6667 m
(3.3333,0)
1.6667 m
4
(5,0)
1.6667 m
5m
0.1677 kN/m
1
(0,0)
(1.6667,0)
1.6667 m
(3.3333,0)
1.6667 m
5m
3
1.6667 m
4
(5,0)
Wind Load: (normal to roof inclination, suction nature)

Suction Wind Load:
1.3513 kPa
Code Specified
, = 1.3513 0.559 = 0.7554/
0.7554 kN/m
1.3513 kPa
Normal Component
0.7554 kN/m
1
(0,0)
(1.6667,0)
1.6667 m
(3.3333,0)
1.6667 m
3
1.6667 m
5m
Load Orientation Diagram:

*The loads are simultaneously acting, and they are oriented as follows:
Dr , Lr
W
5
1
2
W
Dr
Lr
=
=
=
Wind load
Roof Dead Load
Roof Live Load
(suction, normal to roof)

(vertical)
(vertical)
4
(5,0)
Structural Analysis of Forces (Using STRAN):

*note:
1. The purlin is assumed to be weightless.
2. The original output was edited for clarity. There have been inclusions of units and drawings
for reference.
3. There are five (5) Load Combinations prescribed in the NSCP for the Allowable Stress
Design, namely:
(1) Dead Load Only [D]
(2) Dead plus Live Load [D + L + Lr]
(3) Dead plus Wind or Earthquake Load [D + W or E/1.4]
(4) Dead plus Earthquake Load [0.9D E/1.4]
(5) Dead plus Live and Wind or Earthquake Load [D + 0.75(L + Lr+ W or E/1.4)]
However, since the roof elements do not form part of the earthquake-resisting system,
Load Combination 4 is not considered anymore. Thus, only load combinations (1), (2) and (3)
are considered. Intuitively, Load Combination (5) tends to produce smaller values and is thus not
accounted for to save on calculation time.
Dead Load Only [D] Normal Component

==========================
S T R A N -- Version 4.0
==========================
Copyright 1998 by Russell C. Hibbeler
The output from this program is to be used for academic and educational purposes only, and is
not for professional use.
Problem Title: Dead Load Only [D] Normal Component
Structure Type: BEAM
Y
4
1
(0,0)
1
A
(1.6667,0)
B
(3.3333,0)
C
X
(5,0)
D
***********************
* NODE COORDINATES *
***********************
Node No. 1:
X-Coordinate = 0
Node No. 2:
X-Coordinate = 5/3 m
Node No. 3:
Node No. 4:
X-Coordinate = 5 m
************************
* MEMBER PROPERTIES *
************************
Member No. 1:
Near Node = 1
Far Node = 2
Youngs Modulus = 10100000 kPa
Moment of Inertia = 0.00000187 m4
Near Moment Released = No
Far Moment Released = No
Member No. 2:
Near Node = 2
Far Node = 3
Member No. 3:
Near Node = 3
Far Node = 4
Normal Component
0.042 kN/m
1
(0,0)
(1.6667,0)
1.6667 m
(3.3333,0)
1.6667 m
4
(5,0)
1.6667 m
5m
*************************
* STRUCTURE SUPPORTS *
*************************
Support at node no. 1:
Restrained in Y-direction, Support displacement = 0
Free in Rot-direction
**************************************
* APPLIED LOADINGS ON STRUCTURE *
**************************************
Distributed load on member no. 1:
Algebraic value of load closest to near node in member y' direction = -0.042 kN/m
Distance from near node = 0
Algebraic value of load farthest from near node in member y' direction = -0.042 kN/m
Distance from near node = 5/3 m

*******************************************************
* MEMBER END DISPLACEMENTS IN GLOBAL DIRECTION *
*******************************************************
Member No. 1:
Near end Y-displacement = 0
Near end Rot-displacement = -2.57378679044378E-04 rad
Far end Y-displacement = 0
Far end Rot-displacement = 8.57928930147941E-05 rad
Member No. 2:
Near end Rot-displacement = 8.57928930147941E-05 rad
Far end Rot-displacement = -8.57928930147942E-05 rad
Member No. 3:
0.042 kN/m
1
1
A
0.028 kN
7/600 kN-m
B 7/600 kN-m
0.077 kN
************************************
* STRUCTURE SUPPORT REACTIONS *
************************************
Y-direction support reaction = 0.028 kN
3
7/600 kN-m
C 7/600 kN-m
0.077 kN
3
4
D
0.028 kN

*****************************************************************
* MEMBER END FORCES IN LOCAL MEMBER COORDINATE SYSTEM *
*****************************************************************
Member No. 1:
Near end shear force = 0.028 kN
Near end moment = 0
Far end shear force = 0.042 kN
Far end moment = -7/600 kN-m
Member No. 2:
Near end moment = 7/600 kN-m
Member No. 3:
Far end moment = 0
****************************************************************
* STATICS CHECK AT NEAR NODE & FAR NODE OF EACH MEMBER *
****************************************************************
Member No. 1:
Sum of near node Y-forces = -8.67361737988404E-19 kN
Sum of near node moments = 0
Sum of far node Y-forces = -5.20417042793042E-18 kN
Sum of far node moments = 1.73472347597681E-18 kN-m
Member No. 2:
Sum of near node moments = 1.73472347597681E-18 kN-m
Sum of far node Y-forces = 3.46944695195361E-18 kN
Member No. 3:
Sum of near node Y-forces = 3.46944695195361E-18 kN
Sum of far node moments = -1.73472347597681E-18 kN-m
Dead Load Only [D] Tangential Component

==========================
==========================
Problem Title: Dead Load Only [D] Tangential Component
Y
4
1
(0,0)
(1.6667,0)
********************
********************
Node No. 1:
X-Coordinate = 0
Node No. 2:
Node No. 3:
Node No. 4:
X-Coordinate = 5 m
************************
************************
Member No. 1:
Near Node = 1
Far Node = 2
Member No. 2:
Near Node = 2
(3.3333,0)
C
X
(5,0)
D
Far Node = 3
Member No. 3:
Near Node = 3
Far Node = 4
0.021 kN/m
1
(0,0)
(1.6667,0)
1.6667 m
(3.3333,0)
1.6667 m
5m
*************************
*************************
3
1.6667 m
4
(5,0)
*************************************
*************************************
*******************************************************
*******************************************************
Member No. 1:
Member No. 2:
Member No. 3:
0.021 kN/m
1
1
A
0.014 kN
7/1200 kN-m
B 7/1200 kN-m 7/1200 kN-m C
0.0385 kN
4
7/1200 kN-m
0.0385 kN
0.014 kN
***********************************
***********************************
*****************************************************************
*****************************************************************
Member No. 1:
Near end moment = 0
Member No. 2:
Member No. 3:
Far end moment = 0
****************************************************************
****************************************************************
Member No. 1:
Member No. 2:
Member No. 3:
Sum of far node moments = -8.67361737988404E-19 kN-m
Dead plus Live Load [D+L+Lr] Normal Component

==========================
==========================
Problem Title: Dead plus Live Load [D+L+Lr] Normal Component
Y
4
1
(0,0)
1
A
(1.6667,0)
B
(3.3333,0)
C
X
(5,0)
D
***********************
***********************
Node No. 1:
X-Coordinate = 0
Node No. 2:
Node No. 3:
Node No. 4:
X-Coordinate = 5 m
************************
************************
Member No. 1:
Near Node = 1
Far Node = 2
Member No. 2:
Near Node = 2
Far Node = 3
Member No. 3:
Near Node = 3
Far Node = 4
Dead Load Normal Component

0.042 kN/m
1
(0,0)
(1.6667,0)
1.6667 m
(3.3333,0)
1.6667 m
4
(5,0)
1.6667 m
5m
+
Live Load Normal Component
0.3354 kN/m
1
(0,0)
(1.6667,0)
1.6667 m
(3.3333,0)
1.6667 m
4
(5,0)
1.6667 m
5m
Dead plus Live Load Normal Component
0.3774 kN/m
1
(0,0)
(1.6667,0)
1.6667 m
(3.3333,0)
1.6667 m
5m
*************************
*************************
3
1.6667 m
4
(5,0)

*************************************
*************************************
*******************************************************
*******************************************************
Member No. 1:
Member No. 2:
Member No. 3:
0.3774 kN/m
1
1
A
0.2516 kN
629/6000 kN-m
B 629/6000 kN-m
0.6919 kN
629/6000 kN-m
4
629/6000 kN-m
0.6919 kN
0.2516 kN
***********************************
***********************************
*****************************************************************
*****************************************************************
Member No. 1:
Near end moment = 0
Member No. 2:
Member No. 3:
Far end moment = 0
****************************************************************
****************************************************************
Member No. 1:
Sum of far node moments = 0
Member No. 2:
Sum of far node Y-forces = 0
Member No. 3:
Sum of near node Y-forces = 0
Dead plus Live Load [D+L+Lr] Tangential Component
==========================
==========================
Problem Title: Dead plus Live Load [D+L+Lr] Tangential Component
Y
4
1
(0,0)
A
(1.6667,0)
B
(3.3333,0)
C
X
(5,0)
D
***********************
***********************
Node No. 1:
X-Coordinate = 0
Node No. 2:
Node No. 3:
Node No. 4:
X-Coordinate = 5
************************
************************
Member No. 1:
Near Node = 1
Far Node = 2
Member No. 2:
Near Node = 2
Far Node = 3
Member No. 3:
Near Node = 3
Far Node = 4
Dead Load Tangential Component

0.021 kN/m
1
(0,0)
(1.6667,0)
1.6667 m
(3.3333,0)
1.6667 m
4
(5,0)
1.6667 m
5m
+
Live Load Tangential Component
0.1677 kN/m
1
(0,0)
(1.6667,0)
1.6667 m
(3.3333,0)
1.6667 m
4
(5,0)
1.6667 m
5m
=
Dead plus Live Load Tangential Component
0.1887 kN/m
1
(0,0)
(1.6667,0)
1.6667 m
(3.3333,0)
1.6667 m
5m
*************************
*************************
3
1.6667 m
4
(5,0)

*************************************
*************************************
*******************************************************
*******************************************************
Member No. 1:
Member No. 2:

Member No. 3:
0.1887 kN/m
1
A
0.1258 kN
1
629/12000 kN-m
629/12000 kN-m
629/12000 kN-m
0.34595 kN
629/12000 kN-m
0.34595 kN
0.1258 kN
***********************************
***********************************
*****************************************************************
*****************************************************************
Member No. 1:
Near end moment = 0
Member No. 2:
Member No. 3:

Far end moment = 0
****************************************************************
****************************************************************
Member No. 1:
Member No. 2:
Member No. 3:
Dead plus Wind [D+W] Load Normal Component Only
==========================
==========================
Problem Title: Dead plus Wind Load [D+L] Normal Component
Structure Type: BEAM (assuming a 50mmx75mm section)
Y
4
1
(0,0)
1
A
(1.6667,0)
B
(3.3333,0)
C
X
(5,0)
D
***********************
***********************
Node No. 1:
X-Coordinate = 0
Node No. 2:
Node No. 3:
Node No. 4:
X-Coordinate = 5
************************
************************
Member No. 1:
Near Node = 1
Far Node = 2
Member No. 2:
Near Node = 2
Far Node = 3
Member No. 3:
Near Node = 3
Far Node = 4
Dead Load Normal Component

0.042 kN/m
1
(0,0)
(1.6667,0)
1.6667 m
(3.3333,0)
1.6667 m
4
(5,0)
1.6667 m
5m
+
Wind Load Normal Component
0.7554 kN/m
1
(0,0)
(1.6667,0)
1.6667 m
(3.3333,0)
1.6667 m
4
(5,0)
1.6667 m
5m
=
Dead plus Wind Load Normal Component
0.7134 kN/m
1
(0,0)
(1.6667,0)
1.6667 m
(3.3333,0)
1.6667 m
5m
*************************
*************************
3
1.6667 m
4
(5,0)

*************************************
*************************************
Algebraic value of load closest to near node in member y' direction = 0.7134 kN/m
Algebraic value of load farthest from near node in member y' direction = 0.7134 kN/m
*******************************************************
*******************************************************
Member No. 1:
Member No. 2:
Member No. 3:
0.7134 kN/m
1
A
0.4756 kN
1
1189/6000 kN-m
1189/6000 kN-m
1189/6000 kN-m
1.3079 kN
3
C
4
1189/6000 kN-m
1.3079 kN
0.4756 kN
***********************************
***********************************
Y-direction support reaction = -0.4756 kN
*****************************************************************
*****************************************************************
Member No. 1:
Near end shear force = -0.4756 kN
Near end moment = 0
Far end shear force = -0.7134 kN
Far end moment = 1189/6000 kN-m
Member No. 2:
Near end moment = -1189/6000 kN-m
Far end moment = 1189/6000 kN-m
Member No. 3:
Near end moment = -1189/6000 kN
Far end moment = 0
****************************************************************
****************************************************************
Member No. 1:
Member No. 2:
Member No. 3:
Sum of far node moments = 2.77555756156289E-17 kN
Determine Which Load Combination Governs:
*Calculate resultant reaction on support A (node 1) to know governing load combination:
Dead Load Only:
=
, 2 + , 2 =
0.028
+ 0.014
= 0.031
Dead+Live Load:
=
, 2 + , 2 =
0.2516
+ 0.1258
0.4756
+ 0
= 0.2813
Dead+Wind Load:
=
, 2 + , 2 =
= 0.4756
*By comparison, the Governing Load Combination for the Purlin Design is the Dead+Wind
Load [D + W] Combination. However, it cannot be concluded from this section that [D+W] will
also govern in the truss design, since additional [D+L] load is coming from the ceiling, which is
not carried by the purlin but is carried on the bottom chord of the truss.
Purlin Design:
Governing Load Combination: Dead plus Wind [D+W] Load Combination

*note that the dead load has both normal and tangential component, but the effect of Dead Load
[D] Only Tangential Component is not included in the design of purlins, since its effect is to
decrease the design stresses, and adds complication to the calculations.
Dead plus Wind Load [D+W] Normal Component
0.7134 kN/m
1
1189/6000 kN-m
0.4756 kN
1189/6000 kN-m
1189/6000 kN-m
1.3079 kN
3
C
4
1189/6000 kN-m
1.3079 kN
1189
= 0.1982
6000
= 1.3079
, =
,
Properties of M15 Lumber: (values are valid for a 10-year design period)
Fb = 15 MPa
Ft = 9 MPa (parallel to grain)
Ft = 0.29 MPa (perpendicular to grain)
Fc = 12 MPa (parallel to grain)
Fc = 4.3 MPa (perpendicular to grain)
Fv = 2.2 MPa (parallel to grain)
E = 10.1 GPa (20th percentile)
0.4756 kN
Therefore the stresses are:

Bending Stress:
6 6 0.1982 106
, = 2 =
= 9.51
50 50 2
= 15
< (!)
Compressive Stress (perpendicular to grain):
1307.90
= =
= 0.52
25002
= 4.30
< (!)
Shearing Stress (parallel to grain):
3
3 1307.90
, =
=
= 0.78
2 2 50 50
= 2.20
< (!)
Deflection:
*Note that by inspection, the end members 1 and 3 will have the maximum deflection. Also, the
tangent to the elastic curve at B rotates by a small amount of 0.001457 rad clockwise (with the
assumption that the section is 2x3, refer to structural analysis) thus it cannot be assumed to be
a fixed support.
Normal Component:
For members 1 and 3,
x
0.7134 kN/m
C
B MB = 0.1982 kN-m
5/3 m
RAy = 0.4756 kN
RBy = 1.3079 kN
Since it is possible to set-up one equation that expresses the moment for the entire length of the
purlin, the Double Integration Method will be used.
Double Integration Method:
= 0.7134 /
0.4756
2
= 0.3567 2 0.4756
2
2
2 =
=
2
2

1
2=
0.3567 2 0.4756
Using indefinite integration,

2
1
=
0.3567 2 0.4756
2
1
= =
0.1189 3 0.2378 2 + 1
= 0.1189 3 0.2378 2 + 1 1
1
=
0.1189 3 0.2378 2 + 1

1 1189 4 1189 3
= =

+ 1 + 2
40000
15000
1189 4
1189 3
=

+ 1 + 2 2
40000
15000
Boundary Conditions:
At = 0, = 0, therefore:
0 =
=
1189
0
40000
1189
0
15000
+ 1 0 + 2
At = 3 , = 0, therefore:
1189 5
0 =
40000 3
1189 5
15000 3
+ 1
Therefore,
1
1189
=
0.1189 3 0.2378 2 +
14400
1 1189 4 1189 3 1189
=

+
40000
15000
14400
5
+0
3
x
0.7134 kN/m
C
A
MB = 0.1982 kN-m
5/3 m
RBy = 1.3079 kN
RAy = 0.4756 kN
There is a point C in the elastic curve (see figure above) where the deflection is maximum, at this
point the rotation angle of the tangent to the curve is zero (0). Hence,
= 0
1
1189
0=
0.1189 3 0.2378 2 +
14400
The roots are:
1 = 0.5245, 2 = 1.7811, 3 = 0.7434
Note that the roots 1 = 0.5245 and 2 = 1.7811 are extraneous roots. The first root is
unreal because there is no such thing as negative distance. The second root is also unreal
5
because the range of x is 0 3 only. Thus, 3 = 0.7434 is the correct root. Therefore,
1 1189 4 1189 3 1189
=

+
40000
15000
14400
1 1189
1189
1189
=
0.7434 4
0.7434 3 +
0.7434
40000
15000
14400
3
0.0379
0.0379
=
3 =
= 0.00200
10.1 106 1.873 106 4

= 2
1666 .67
But = 240 =
= 6.94 (note that it is also safe with the criteria L/360)
240
Therefore, < !
Ceiling Joist Design:
B1
A1
A1
B1
0.236 kN/m
1m
1m
RA
0.236 kN
0.236 kN
1m
1m
RB
Timber Roofing Parts:

Purlin
Web or Cross Bracing
Truss
Ceiling Joist System
A1:
Dead Load:
Ceiling:
Marine Plywood:
Ceiling Joist:
Use M15 Lumber:
Live Load:
Mechanical Duct Allowance
0.036 kPa
Code Specified
[weightless]
Assumed
0.20 kPa
Code Specified
= 12
= 0.036 + 0.20 12 = 0.236 /
Calculate Reactions:
0.236 kN/m
= =
=
1m
RA
1
0.236 / 1 = 0.118
2
1 2 1
= 0.236 / 1
8
8
= 0.0295 /
RB

Bending Stress:
6 6 0.0295 106
= 2 =
= 1.42
50 50 2
< (!)
3
3 118
=
=
= 0.0708
2 2 50 50
< (!)
Calculate Deflection:
54
5 0.236 1 4
=
=
= 0.00055 = 0.55
384 384 10100000 555 109 4
1000
=
=
= 2.78
360
360
< !
B1:
*note that the load is coming from A1
*use M15 Lumber
0.236 kN
1m
Calculate Loads:
= 2 1 = 0.236
0.236 kN
1m
1m
Calculate Reactions:
1
= = 0.236 2 = 0.236
2
= 0.236 1.5
0.236 0.5
= 0.236

Bending Stress:
6 6 0.236 106
= 2 =
= 11.33
50 50 2
< (!)
3
3 236
=
=
= 0.14
2 2 50 50
< (!)
Calculate Deflection:
0.236 kN
0.236 kN
B
C
1m
1m
1m
1.5m
0.236 kN-m/ EI
By inspection, the maximum deflection occurs at point C, thus by Moment-Area Method:

= =
1
0.236 2
0.236
0.226 3
= 1
+ 0.5
1.25 =
Substituting the values of E and I,

0.226 3
= =
= 0.0403 = 40.35
10100000 555 109
3000
=
=
= 8.33
360
360
> , !
Revise the design for higher moment of inertia:
Using 2x3 wood, I = 1.87*10-6 m4,
0.226 3
= =
= 0.0112 = 11.96
10100000 1.87 106 4
> , !
Revise the design for higher moment of inertia:

Using 2x4 wood, I = 4.44*10-6 m4,
0.226 3
= =
= 0.0050 = 5.04
10100000 4.44 106 4
< !
Truss Design:
*assume Top Chord as 2-1x4
*assume Bottom Chord as 2-1x4
*assume web members as 1x4
*use M15 Lumber
(I = 4.44*10-6 m4, A = 0.0052 m2)

(I = 4.44*10-6 m4, A = 0.0052 m2)
(I = 2.22*10-6 m4, A = 0.0026 m2)
Properties of M15 Lumber:

Fb = 15 MPa
E = 11.3 GPa (average)
Designing the middle truss:
Before the design proper, it must be determined first what load combination governs for the
truss. As discussed in the Roof Purlin Design, the load combinations to be considered are (1)
Dead+Live Load [D+L+Lr] Combination and (2) Dead+Wind [D+W] Load Combination. The
Dead Load [D] Only combination was proven to be way smaller than the Dead+Live Load
[D+L+Lr] Combination by the previous purlin design.
Dead+Live Load [D+L+Lr] Combination:
Structural Analysis:
*assume top and bottom chords to be 2 1x4 (Area = 0.00516128 m2)
*assume web members to be 1x3 (Area = 0.00193548 m2)
==========================
==========================
The output from this program is to be used for academic and educational purposes only, and is not for
professional use.
Problem Title: Truss Dead+Live Load Combination
Structure Type: PLANE TRUSS
***********************
***********************
Node No. 1:
X-Coordinate = 0
Y-Coordinate = 0
Node No. 2:
X-Coordinate = 1 m
Y-Coordinate = 0
Node No. 3:
X-Coordinate = 2 m
Y-Coordinate = 0
Node No. 4:
X-Coordinate = 3 m
Y-Coordinate = 0
Node No. 5:
X-Coordinate = 4 m
Y-Coordinate = 0
Node No. 6:
X-Coordinate = 5 m
Y-Coordinate = 0
Node No. 7:
X-Coordinate = 6 m
Y-Coordinate = 0
Node No. 8:
X-Coordinate = 5 m
Y-Coordinate = 0.5 m
Node No. 9:
X-Coordinate = 4 m
Y-Coordinate = 1 m
Node No. 10:
X-Coordinate = 3 m
Node No. 11:
X-Coordinate = 2 m
Y-Coordinate = 1 m
Node No. 12:
X-Coordinate = 1 m
***********************
***********************
Member No. 1:
Near Node = 1
Far Node = 2
Young's Modulus = 10100000 kPa
Section Area = 0.00516128 m4
Member Fabrication Error Length = 0
Member No. 2:
Near Node = 2
Far Node = 3
Member No. 3:
Near Node = 3
Far Node = 4
Member No. 4:
Near Node = 4
Far Node = 5
Member No. 5:
Near Node = 5
Far Node = 6

Member No. 6:
Near Node = 6
Far Node = 7
Member No. 7:
Near Node = 7
Far Node = 8
Member No. 8:
Near Node = 8
Far Node = 9
Member No. 9:
Near Node = 9
Far Node = 10
Member No. 10:
Near Node = 10
Far Node = 11
Member No. 11:
Near Node = 11
Far Node = 12
Member No. 12:
Near Node = 12
Far Node = 1
Member No. 13:

Near Node = 2
Far Node = 12
Member No. 14:
Near Node = 12
Far Node = 3
Member No. 15:
Near Node = 3
Far Node = 11
Member No. 16:
Near Node = 11
Far Node = 4
Member No. 17:
Near Node = 4
Far Node = 10
Member No. 18:
Near Node = 9
Far Node = 4
Member No. 19:
Near Node = 5
Far Node = 9
Member No. 20:
Near Node = 8
Far Node = 5
Member No. 21:
Near Node = 6
Far Node = 8
************************
************************
Restrained in X-direction, Support displacement = 0
*************************************
*************************************
Concentrated force at node no. 2:
Algebraic value in global Y-direction = -0.236 kN

*******************************************************
*******************************************************
Member No. 1:
Near end X-displacement = 0
Far end X-displacement = 1.14018586122981E-05 m
Far end Y-displacement = -3.82950657820515E-04 m
Member No. 2:
Near end X-displacement = 1.14018586122981E-05 m
Near end Y-displacement = -3.82950657820515E-04 m
Member No. 3:
Far end X-displacement = 0
Member No. 4:
Far end X-displacement = -2.28037172245962E-05 m
Member No. 5:
Near end X-displacement = -2.28037172245962E-05 m
Member No. 6:
Member No. 7:
Member No. 8:
Member No. 9:
Member No. 10:
Member No. 11:
Member No. 12:
Member No. 13:
Member No. 14:
Member No. 15:
Member No. 16:

Member No. 17:
Member No. 18:
Member No. 19:
Member No. 20:
Member No. 21:
***********************************
***********************************
X-direction support reaction = 2.2642703401006 kN
X-direction support reaction = -2.72427479880433E-15 kN
X-direction support reaction = -2.2642703401006 kN
*****************************************************************
*****************************************************************
Member No. 1:
Near end axial force = -0.594366666666669 kN
Far end axial force = 0.594366666666669 kN
Member No. 2:
Member No. 3:
Near end axial force = 1.18873333333334 kN
Far end axial force = -1.18873333333334 kN
Member No. 4:
Member No. 5:
Near end axial force = -.594366666666667 kN
Far end axial force = .594366666666667 kN
Member No. 6:

Member No. 7:
Member No. 8:
Member No. 9:
Member No. 10:
Member No. 11:
Member No. 12:
Member No. 13:
Member No. 14:
Member No. 15:
Member No. 16:
Member No. 17:
Member No. 18:
Member No. 19:

Member No. 20:
Member No. 21:
****************************************************************
****************************************************************
Member No. 1:
Sum of near node X-forces = 4.44089209850063E-16 kN
Sum of far node X-forces = 0
Member No. 2:
Sum of near node X-forces = 0
Sum of far node X-forces = 3.05745012640912E-17 kN
Member No. 3:
Sum of far node X-forces = -2.86337793753422E-16 kN
Member No. 4:
Sum of near node X-forces = -2.86337793753422E-16 kN
Member No. 5:
Member No. 6:
Member No. 7:
Member No. 8:
Member No. 9:
Member No. 10:
Member No. 11:
Member No. 12:
Member No. 13:
Member No. 14:
Member No. 15:

Member No. 16:
Member No. 17:
Member No. 18:
Member No. 19:
Member No. 20:
Member No. 21:
Dead plus Wind [D+W] Load Combination:
==========================
==========================
The output from this program is to be used for academic and educational purposes only, and is not for
professional use.
Problem Title: Truss Dead+Wind Load Combination
Structure Type: PLANE TRUSS
***********************
***********************
Node No. 1:
X-Coordinate = 0
Y-Coordinate = 0
Node No. 2:
X-Coordinate = 1 m
Y-Coordinate = 0
Node No. 3:
X-Coordinate = 2 m
Y-Coordinate = 0
Node No. 4:
X-Coordinate = 3 m
Y-Coordinate = 0
Node No. 5:
X-Coordinate = 4 m
Y-Coordinate = 0
Node No. 6:
X-Coordinate = 5 m
Y-Coordinate = 0
Node No. 7:
X-Coordinate = 6 m
Y-Coordinate = 0
Node No. 8:
X-Coordinate = 5 m
Node No. 9:
X-Coordinate = 4 m
Y-Coordinate = 1 m
Node No. 10:
X-Coordinate = 3 m
Node No. 11:
X-Coordinate = 2 m
Y-Coordinate = 1 m
Node No. 12:
X-Coordinate = 1 m
***********************
***********************
Member No. 1:
Near Node = 1
Far Node = 2
Member No. 2:
Near Node = 2
Far Node = 3
Member No. 3:
Near Node = 3
Far Node = 4
Member No. 4:
Near Node = 4
Far Node = 5
Member No. 5:
Near Node = 5
Far Node = 6
Member No. 6:
Near Node = 6
Far Node = 7
Member No. 7:
Near Node = 7
Far Node = 8
Member No. 8:
Near Node = 8
Far Node = 9
Member No. 9:
Near Node = 9
Far Node = 10
Member No. 10:
Near Node = 10
Far Node = 11
Member No. 11:
Near Node = 11
Far Node = 12

Member No. 12:
Near Node = 12
Far Node = 1
Member No. 13:
Near Node = 2
Far Node = 12
Member No. 14:
Near Node = 12
Far Node = 3
Member No. 15:
Near Node = 3
Far Node = 11
Member No. 16:
Near Node = 11
Far Node = 4
Member No. 17:
Near Node = 4
Far Node = 10
Member No. 18:
Near Node = 9
Far Node = 4
Member No. 19:

Near Node = 5
Far Node = 9
Member No. 20:
Near Node = 8
Far Node = 5
Member No. 21:
Near Node = 6
Far Node = 8
************************
************************
*************************************
*************************************

Algebraic value in global Y-direction = 2.6158 kN
*******************************************************
*******************************************************
Member No. 1:
Far end Y-displacement = 4.90867738255529E-04 m
Member No. 2:
Near end Y-displacement = 4.90867738255529E-04 m
Member No. 3:
Member No. 4:
Member No. 5:
Member No. 6:

Member No. 7:
Member No. 8:
Member No. 9:
Member No. 10:
Member No. 11:
Member No. 12:
Member No. 13:
Member No. 14:

Member No. 15:
Member No. 16:
Member No. 17:
Member No. 18:
Member No. 19:
Member No. 20:
Member No. 21:
***********************************
***********************************
X-direction support reaction = -3.19993573289088 kN
X-direction support reaction = 3.3135386795502E-15 kN
X-direction support reaction = 3.19993573289088 kN
*****************************************************************
*****************************************************************
Member No. 1:
Member No. 2:
Member No. 3:
Member No. 4:
Member No. 5:
Member No. 6:
Member No. 7:
Member No. 8:
Member No. 9:
Member No. 10:
Member No. 11:
Member No. 12:
Member No. 13:
Member No. 14:
Member No. 15:

Member No. 16:
Member No. 17:
Member No. 18:
Member No. 19:
Member No. 20:
Near end axial force = -2.660697286427
Far end axial force = 2.660697286427
Member No. 21:
****************************************************************
****************************************************************
Member No. 1:
Member No. 2:
Member No. 3:
Member No. 4:

Member No. 5:
Member No. 6:
Member No. 7:
Member No. 8:
Member No. 9:
Member No. 10:
Member No. 11:
Member No. 12:
Member No. 13:

Member No. 14:
Member No. 15:
Member No. 16:
Member No. 17:
Member No. 18:
Member No. 19:
Member No. 20:
Member No. 21:

From the results of the structural analysis, it is therefore concluded that the Load Combination
Dead+Wind [D+W] Load governs. The reactions and axial forces are shown below. Axial
forces in red indicates compression, axial forces in blue indicates tension.
Dead+Wind [D+W] Load and Member Forces:
As a final check before the design of the members and connections, the axial forces due to
[D+W] Load will be compared against the axial forces due to [D+L+Lr] Load, as shown in the
figure below.
Dead+Live [D+L+Lr] Load and Member Forces:
It can be noted that there is an almost absolute stress reversal in the truss members, thus a
comparative force table between the two loading schemes is presented below.
Member
Top Chord
Bottom Chord
Web Member
Dead+Live Load (max.)

Tension
Compression
0.7911 kN
3.1961 kN
0.5944 kN
1.1887 kN
1.1276 kN
2.5217 kN
Dead+Wind Load (max.)

Tension
Compression
4.4645 kN
0.8569 kN
1.5865 kN
0.7933 kN
3.3822 kN
0.9539 kN
Therefore, the maximum design force for each respective member is (in consideration of the
member lengths):
Member
Top Chord
Bottom Chord
Web Member
Max. Tension
4.4645 kN [D+W]
1.5865 kN [D+W]
3.3822 kN [D+W] (17)
Max. Compression
3.1961 kN [D+L+Lr]
1.1887 kN [D+L+Lr]
2.5217 kN [D+L+Lr] (16, 18)
*Note that the assumed dimensions are:

Top Chords:
2 1x4 (2 25mm x 100mm)
Bottom Chords:
2 1x4 (2 25mm x 100mm)
Web Members:
1 1x4 (1 25mm x 100mm)
Properties of M15 Lumber: (values are valid for a 10-year design period)
Fb = 15 MPa
E = 11.3 GPa (average)
Check for Stresses:
Top Chord:
Tensile Stress:
4464.5
= =
= 0.89
2 25 100
, !
Compressive Stress:
3196.1
= =
= 0.64
2 25 100
For , in accordance with NSCP:
1118.03
=
= 11.18
100
= 0.671
11 <
10100
= 0.671
= 19.47
12
< , ,
1
1 11.18
= 1
= 12 1
3
3 19.47
, !
Bottom Chord:
Tensile Stress:
1586.5
= =
= 0.32
2 25 100
, !
Compressive Stress:
1188.7
= =
= 0.24
2 25 100
1000
=
= 10
100
< 11 , = = 12
, !
Web Members:
Tensile Stress:
3382.2
= =
= 0.68
2 25 100
, !
Compressive Stress:
2521.7
= =
= 0.50
2 25 100
1414.2
=
= 14.14
100
= 0.671
11 <
10100
= 0.671
= 19.47
12
< , ,
= 11.56
1
1 14.14
= 1
= 12 1
3
3 19.47
, !
= 10.89
*Note that the stresses seem way too small than the allowable values, but due to variability of
available lumber supplies properties, and since the truss spans 6m (quite longer than common
practice in the Philippines), the section dimensions will be retained.
Summary:
Purlin:
Use 2x3 M15 Lumber
Ceiling:
A1:
Use 2x2 M15 Lumber
B1:
Use 2x4 M15 Lumber
Truss:
Top Chord:
Use 2 1x4 M15 Lumber
Bottom Chord:
Web Member:

Timber Truss Design

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Timber Truss Design

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Kurt Louis A.

Timber Roofing Design

Timber Roofing Design

Dimensions of Members (b x h):

Influence Strip Width = 0.559m

Dead Load: (along inclination of the roof)

Live Load: (along horizontal)

Wind Load: (normal to roof inclination, suction nature)

, = 1.3513 0.559 = 0.7554/

Load Orientation Diagram:

(suction, normal to roof)

Structural Analysis of Forces (Using STRAN):

Dead Load Only [D] Normal Component

Distributed load on member no. 3:

Support at node no. 3:

Dead Load Only [D] Tangential Component

B 7/1200 kN-m 7/1200 kN-m C

Dead plus Live Load [D+L+Lr] Normal Component

Dead Load Normal Component

Support at node no. 4:

Dead Load Tangential Component

Support at node no. 2:

Far end Rot-displacement = -3.85455212187898E-04 rad

Near end moment = 629/12000 kN-m

Dead Load Normal Component

Support at node no. 2:

Governing Load Combination: Dead plus Wind [D+W] Load Combination

Therefore the stresses are:

Using indefinite integration,

10.1 106 1.873 106 4

Ceiling Joist Design:

Timber Roofing Parts:

Therefore the stresses are:

Therefore the stresses are:

By inspection, the maximum deflection occurs at point C, thus by Moment-Area Method:

Substituting the values of E and I,

Revise the design for higher moment of inertia:

(I = 4.44*10-6 m4, A = 0.0052 m2)

Properties of M15 Lumber:

Member Fabrication Error Length = 0

Member No. 13:

Concentrated force at node no. 11:

Near end X-displacement = 1.56831139541136E-05 m

Near end axial force = -.594366666666667 kN

Member No. 19:

Sum of near node Y-forces = 2.44249065417534E-15 kN

Section Area = 0.00516128 m4

Member No. 19:

Concentrated force at node no. 8:

Near end X-displacement = 1.52173984215955E-05 m

Far end X-displacement = -3.04347968431912E-05 m

Far end axial force = -0.9539 kN

Sum of far node X-forces = 2.55004350968591E-16 kN

Member No. 13:

Sum of near node Y-forces = 1.33226762955019E-15 kN

Dead+Live Load (max.)

Dead+Wind Load (max.)

*Note that the assumed dimensions are:

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