Millan 1 Abe Millan David Froemke Differential Equations 31 January 2013 Project 2 1).

Consider a prolific breed of rabbits whose birth and death rates, and , are each proportional to the rabbit population P = P(t), with > . (a). Show that ( ) We are given that and are the birth and death rates of the prolific breed of rabbits. If the birth and death rates are proportional to P2 and > , then we get the equation as , with as a positive constant. By separation of variables and integrating, we get,

( ) Using the initial condition, ( ) , we can see that,

Which shows that, ( )

Millan 2 (b). Suppose that Po =6 and that there are nine rabbits after ten months. When does doomsday occur? If , then ( ) )

Given that there are nine rabbits after ten months, we get the initial value ( ( )

Substituting the

value we get, ( )

( ) We can now see that when occurs in 30 months. (Doomsday), then ( ) , this means Doomsday

2). Repeat part (a) of Problem 13 in the case < . What now happens to the rabbit population in the long run? We are given that and are the birth and death rates of the prolific breed of rabbits. If the birth and death rates are proportional to P2 and < , then we get the equation as , with as a positive constant. By separation of variables and integrating, we get,

( ) Using the initial condition, ( ) , we can see that,

Millan 3

Which shows that, ( )

We can see that as a period of time.

that ( )

, so in other words the population dies down after

( ) models a population ( ) of fish in a lake 3). Suppose that the logistic equation after t months during which no fishing occurs. Now suppose that, because of fishing, fish are removed from the lake at the rate of hx fish per month (with h a positive constant). Thus fish are harvested at a rate proportional to the existing fish population, rather than at the constant rate of Example 4. (a). If 0 < h < kM, show that the population is still logistic. What is new limiting population? ( ), where M > 0 and k >0. We are We are given the differential equation told that the fish are removed at a rate of hx fish per month, and our new differential equation for ( ) this situation is . If we rewrite the equation we get, ( ( ( ( ) ) ) ) ( )

Because 0 < h < kM, we can show that 0 < < M, and then M - >0 or M > 0 Our new differential equation proves to still be in the form of a logistic differential equation, and we therefore see that our limiting population as .

Millan 4 (b). If We can rewrite show that ( ) as as So the lake is eventually fished out.

If we let M = -L, then

( (

) ) , and by examining a and therefore the lake is

This shows us that there is critical points at phase diagram, that x = 0 is stable, so as then ( ) eventually fished out completely.

Millan 5 4). The mass of the sun is 329,320 times that of the earth and its radius is 109 times the radius of the earth. (a) To what radius (in meters) would the earth have to be compressed in order for it to become a black holethe escape velocity from its surface equal to the velocity c = 3 x 108 m/s of light. The equation for escape velocity is If we solve for the radius (R), we get ,

Next we plug in the values of the Empirical Constant and the mass of the Earth to solve for the compressed radius of the Earth. (Empirical Constant)

(The escape velocity from a black hole) Therefore,

( (

)( )

The radius of the Earth would be compressed to barely a centimeter! (b) Repeat part (a) with the sun in place of the earth. Because we are given that the mass of the sun is 329,320 times that of the Earth, we can find the mass of the sun,

)(

We can then plug in the values of the Empirical Constant and the mass of the Sun to solve for the compressed radius of the Sun.

Millan 6 (Empirical Constant)

(The escape velocity from a black hole) Therefore,

( (

)( )

The radius of the Earth would be compressed to 2.910 meters!

5). Let p(y) be the polynomial ( ) a). Submit the slope field for Solutions at: ( ( ) ( ) ) ( ( ) ( ) )

. Using the appropriate technology: ( ), including some of the solutions.

Maple Code:
eq := diff(y(t), t) = -y(t)^3-2*y(t)+2 DEplot(eq, y(t), t = -10 .. 10, [[y(0) = 2], [y(3) = 1], [y(-3) = 1], [y(0) = -1], [y(3) = -.5], [y(-3) = -1]], y = -1 .. 3, linecolor = blue)

Millan 7 b). Describe the relationship between the zeros of p(y) and the solutions of the differential equation above. Because we have an autonomous first-order differential equation, in the form ( ) we have a critical point. If equation has the constant solution ( ) Therefore when , ( ), when

is a critical point of ( ), then the differential , otherwise known as an equilibrium solution. ( )

c). Using Eulers method, find the zeros of p(y) accurate to three decimal places. ( ) ( where ( ) ( ) )

Using Eulers method, we find that the zero of p(y) is