Cap 05

COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System
Chapter 5, Solution 1.
\
A, mm 2
1 2
x , mm
100 200
y , mm
250 150
xA, mm3 30 000000 24 000 000 21000 000
yA, mm3 6 750 000 18000000 24 750000
200 150 = 30000 400 300 = 120000 150 000
Then
X =
Y =
xA 21 000000 = mm A 150000
yA 24 750000 = mm A 150 000
or X = 140.0 mm
or Y = 165.0 mm
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
A,in 2
1 2
10 8 = 80
x ,in.
5
13
y ,in.
4
xA,in 3
400
702
yA,in 3
320
216
1 9 12 = 54 2
134
1102
536
Then and
X = Y =
xA 1102 = A 134
yA 1102 = A 134
or
X = 8.22 in.
or Y = 4.00 in.
A, mm 2
1
x , mm
xA, mm3 729 000 2 460 375 3 189 375
1 90 270 = 12 150 2 1 135 270 = 18 225 2
2 ( 90 ) = 60 3 90 + 1 (135) = 135 3
30375
xA 3189375 mm = A 30375
Then
X =
or X = 105.0 mm
For the whole triangular area by observation:
Y =
1 ( 270 mm ) 3
or Y = 90.0 mm
A,in 2
1
x ,in.
2 ( 21) = 14 3 21 + 1 (13) = 27.5 2 40
y ,in.
1 ( 24 ) = 32 3
xA,in 3
3528
yA,in 3
8064
1 ( 21)( 24 ) = 252 2
(13)( 40 ) = 520
772
20
14 300
10 400
17 828
18 464
Then
X = Y =
xA 17828 = in. A 772 yA 18464 = in. A 772
or
X = 23.1 in.
or Y = 23.9 in.
A, mm 2
x , mm
y , mm
xA, mm3
3 796 900
yA, mm3 3 796 900
( 225 )
4
= 39 761
4 ( 225 ) 3
= 95.493
95.493
1 ( 375)( 225) = 42 188 2
125
75
5 273 500
3 164 100
81 949
1 476 600
6 961 000
Then
X = Y =
xA 1476600 mm = A 81 949 yA 6961 000 mm = A 81 949
or X = 18.02 mm
or Y = 84.9 mm
A,in 2
1 2
17 9 = 153
x ,in.
8.5
y ,in.
4.5
xA,in 3
1300.5
yA,in 3
688.5
( 4.5 ) = 15.9043 8
4 4.5 4 4.5 = 6.0901 9 = 7.0901 96.857 3 3

10.5465 6.4535
112.761 182.466
393.27
( 6 )2 = 28.274
108.822
298.19
905.45
Then and
X =
xA 905.45 = A 108.822
or
X = 8.32 in.
Y =
yA 393.27 = A 108.22
or Y = 3.61 in.
A,in 2
1 2
x ,in.
4 (16 ) 3
xA,in 3
1365.32
(16 )
4
= 201.06
= 6.7906
4
( 8 )( 8 ) = 64
137.06
256
1109.32
X =
Then and
xA 1109.32 = in. A 137.06
or
X = 8.09 in.
Y = X by symmetry
or Y = 8.09 in.
A, mm 2
1 2 35 343
x , mm
y , mm
xA, mm3
2 250 006
yA, mm3
0
63.662 31.831
4417.9
30925.1
31.831
140 626
2 109 380
140 626.2
140 626.2
Then and
X =
Y =
xA 2109 380 = A 30 925.1

yA 140 625 = A 30 925.1
or
X = 68.2 mm
or Y = 4.55 mm
A
1
x
r12
xA
2
4
4r1 3
r13 2 4r1 r1 = 3 4 3 2 4r2 2r23 r2 = 3 2 3
r22 r12
4r2 3
Therefore, for X =
( 2r 4
2 2
1 2r23 r13 3
xA 4r1 = : 3
4 2r23 r13 4r1 = 3 3 2r22 r12
( (
r 3 r13 2 2 1 r1 4 = 2 r 3 r12 2 2 1 r1
or or
r 2 3 1 , where = 2 2 r1 2 1
2 3 2 2 + ( 1) = 0.
Solving numerically for and noting that > 1:
r2 = 3.02 r1
First, determine the location of the centroid. From Fig. 5.8A:

y2 = 2 sin 2 r2 3 2
= Similarly Then y1 = yA =
2 cos r2 3 2 2 cos r1 3 2
A2 =
( 2 ) r22
)
A1 =
2 cos r2 3 2
( 2 ) r12
(
( 2 ) r22 2 r1 3
cos 2
( 2 ) r12
and
2 3 r2 r13 cos 3 A = r22 r12 2 2 =

= r22 r12 2 Y A = yA
Now
2 3 Y r22 r12 = r2 r13 cos 2 3
Y =
2 r23 r13 cos 3 r22 r12 2
Using Figure 5.8B, Y of an arc of radius
1 ( r1 + r2 ) is 2
Y =
sin 1 ( r1 + r2 ) 2 2 2
)
(1)
1 cos (r1 + r2 ) 2 2
Now
( r2 r1 ) r22 + r1 r2 + r12 r23 r13 = r22 r12 ( r2 r1 )( r2 + r1 )

= r22 + r1 r2 + r12 r2 + r1
Let
r2 = r + r1 = r
Then
r =
1 ( r1 + r2 ) 2
2 2
and
( r + ) + ( r + )( r ) + ( r ) r23 r13 = 2 2 r2 r1 (r + ) + (r )
= 3r 2 + 2 2r
In the limit as 0 (i.e., r1 = r2 ), then
r23 r13 3 = r 2 2 2 r2 r1 =
3 1 (r1 + r2 ) 2 2 or Y =
1 cos ! ( r1 + r2 ) 2 2
so that
Which agrees with Eq. (1).
Y =
2 3 cos ( r1 + r2 ) 3 4 2
A,in 2
1 2 3 27 15.5885
18.8495
x ,in.
8.1962 3.4641 3.8197
xA,in 3
221.30 54.000
71.999
23.739
203.30
Then
X =
xA 203.30 = A 23.739
or
X = 8.56 in. Y =0
and by symmetry
A, mm 2
1 2
x , mm
y , mm
xA, mm3
2 880 000
yA, mm3
900 000
1 ( 240 )(150 ) = 18 000 2
160
50
1 ( 240 )(150 ) = 12 000 3

6000
3 ( 240 ) = 180 4
3 (150 ) = 45 10
2160000
720 000
540 000
360 000
Then
X = Y =
xA 720000 = mm A 6000 yA 360000 = mm A 6000
or X = 120.0 mm
or
Y = 60.0 mm
A,in 2
1 2 3
x ,in.
3
y ,in.
xA,in 3
432
54
yA,in 3
576
81
(18)(8) = 144
1 ( 6 )( 9 ) = 27 2
4
3 3.8197
2
5.0930
(12 )( 9 ) = 84.823
255.82
432.00
810.00
324.00
171.00
Then
X =
Y =
xA 810.00 = in. 255.82 A yA 171.00 = in. A 255.82
or
X = 3.17 in.
or Y = 0.668 in.
First, by symmetry
X = 90 mm
A, mm 2
1 2 3
y , mm
yA, mm3
1 296 000
(180 )(120 ) = 21 600

60
( 90 )(120 ) = 8482.3 ( 90 )(120 ) = 8482.3

4635.4
120 120
4 120 = 69.070 3 4 120 = 69.070 3
585 870 585 870

124 260
Y =
yA 124 260 = 4635.4 A
or Y = 26.8 mm
A, mm 2
1 2 3 18 240
1920
x , mm
y , mm
xA, mm3
72 960
yA, mm3
218 880
4 56 41.441
12
54
107520 168 731

134171
103 680
4071.5
41.441
186 731
53 531.1
12 248.5
xA 134171 = A 12 248.5 yA 53 531 = A 12 248.5
Then and
X = Y =
or
X = 10.95 mm
or Y = 43.7 mm

\
A, mm 2
x , mm
y , mm
xA, mm3 2 000 000 125 000 1875 000
yA, mm3 1866 690 66 666 1 933 360
1 2
2 ( 200 )( 200 ) = 26 667 3 2 (100 )( 50 ) = 3333.3 3
75 37.5
70
20
23 334
xA 1875 000 = mm A 23 334
Then X =
or X = 80.4 mm or Y = 82.9 mm
Y =
yA 1 933 360 = mm A 23 334

Locate first Y :
Note that the origin of the X axis is at the bottom of the whole area.
A, in 2 1 2
y , in.
yA, in 3
8 15 = 120
4 10 = 40
7.5
8
900
320
80
580
Then
Y =
yA 580 = = 7.2500 in. A 80
Now, to find the first moment of each area about the x-axis: Area I:
QI = yA = Area II:
7.75 5.75 ( 4 5.75 ) , (8 7.75) + 2 2
or QI = 174.125 in 3 !
QII = yA =
7.75 4.25 ( 4 4.25 ) , (8 7.25) 2 2
or QII = 174.125 in 3 !
Note that Q( area ) = QI + QII = 0 which is expected as y = 0 and Q( area ) = yA since x is a centroidal axis.
A, mm 2 1 2
y , mm
yA, mm3 144 000
(80 )( 20 ) = 1600 ( 20 )(80 ) = 1600

3200
90 40
64 000 208 000
Then
Y =
yA 208 000 = = 65.000 mm A 3200
Now, for the first moments about the x-axis: Area I
QI = yA = 25 ( 80 20 ) + 7.5 ( 20 15 ) = 42 250 mm3 ,
or QI = 42.3 103 mm3 !
Area II
QII = yA = 32.5 ( 20 65 ) = 42 250 mm3 ,
or QII = 42.3 103 mm3 !
Note that Q( area ) = QI + QII = 0 which is expected as y = 0 and Q( area ) = yA since x is a centroidal axis.
(a) With Qx = yA and using Fig. 5.8 A,
2 r sin r 2 Qx = 3 2 2 2 2 = r 3 cos cos sin 2 3
2 ) ( 3 r sin ) 1 2r cos r sin 2
or Qx =
2 3 r cos3 3
(b) By observation, Qx is maximum when

and then
=0
Qx = 2 3 r 3
From the problem statement: F is proportional to Qx . Therefore:
FA FB = , or ( Qx ) A ( Qx )B
FB =
( Qx )B F ( Qx ) A A
12 = 225 + ( 300 12 ) = 831 600 mm3 2
12 = ( Qx ) A + 2 225 ( 48 12 ) + 2 ( 225 30 )(12 60 ) = 1 364 688 mm 3 2
1364688 ( 280 N ) , 831600
For the first moments:
( Qx ) A
( Qx )B
Then
FB =
or FB = 459 N

Because the wire is homogeneous, its center of gravity will coincide with the centroid for the corresponding line.
L, mm
1 2 3 4 5 6 400 300 600 150 200 150 1800
x , mm
y , mm
xL, mm 2
80 000 120 000 60 000
yL, mm 2
0 45 000 180 000 33 750 30 000 11 250 300 000
200 400 100
0 150 300 225 150 75
200 100
0
30 000 20 000
0
210 000
xL 210 000 = = 116.667 mm L 1800 yL 300 000 = = 166.667 mm L 1800
Then and
X = Y =
or X = 116.7 mm or Y = 166.7 mm
L, in.
1 2 3 4 5 19 15 4 10 8 56
x , in.
9.5 14.5 10 5 0
y , in.
0 6 10 8 4
xL, in 2
180.5 217.5 40 50 0 488
y , in 2
0 90 40 80 32 242
X =
Then and
xL 488 = L 56 yA 242 = 56 A
or X = 8.71 in. or Y = 4.32 in.
Y =

Because the wire is homogeneous, its center of gravity will coincide with the centroid for the corresponding line.
L, mm
1 2 3 600
x , mm
y , mm
xL, mm 2
45 000 81 998
yL, mm 2
0 49 199 50 625 99 824
75 187.5
0 112.5
3752 + 2252 = 437.32
( 225)
( 225)
( 225)
50 625
76 373
1390.75
Then and
X = Y =
xL 76 373 = L 1390.75 yL 99 824 = L 1390.75
or X = 54.9 mm or Y = 71.8 mm
L, mm
1 2 3 4 5 75 150
x , mm
y , mm
xL, mm 2
2812.5 0 45 000 0 5625.0 53 437
yL, mm 2
0 11 250 0
37.5 0 95.492 0 47.746
0 75 0
(150 )
= 471.24
75
112.5 47.746
8437.5 5625.0 2812.5
( 75)
= 117.81
889.05
Then and
X = Y =
xL 53 437 = , L 889.05 yA 2812.5 = A 889.05
or X = 60.1 mm or Y = 3.16 mm
O From Figure 5.8 b:
r =
( 20 in.) sin 30
60
6 Note also that triangle ABO is equilateral, where O is the origin of the coordinate system in the figure.
For equilibrium: (a) M A = 0:
in.
60 20 in. in. cos 30 (1.75 lb ) ( 20 in.) sin 60 TBC = 0
Solving for TBC :
TBC = 0.34960 lb
(b) Fx = 0:
or
TBC = 0.350 lb
Ax + ( 0.34960 lb ) cos 60 = 0
Ax = 0.174800 lb
Fx = 0:
Ay 1.75 lb + ( 0.34960 lb ) sin 60 = 0
Ay = 1.44724 lb
Therefore:
A = 1.458 lb
83.1

The wire supported only by the pin at B is a two-force body. For equilibrium the center of gravity of the wire must lie directly under B. Also, because the wire is homogeneous the center of gravity will coincide with the centroid. In other words, x = 0, or xL = 0.
xL =
2 (150 mm )
150 mm 200 mm (150 mm ) + cos (150 mm ) ( 200 mm ) + 200 mm 2 2
or
cos =
5000 11250
or
= 63.6

The wire supported only by the pin at B is a two-force body. For equilibrium the center of gravity of the wire must lie directly under B. Also, because the wire is homogeneous the center of gravity will coincide with the centroid. In other words, x = 0, or xL = 0.
xL =
2 (150 mm )
150 mm 200 mm (150 mm ) + cos (150 mm ) ( 200 mm ) + 200 mm 2 2
or
l 2 + 300l 197602 = 0.
Solving for l :
l = 319.15, and l = 619.15, and discarding the negative root

l = 319 mm

The centroid coincides with the center of gravity because the wire is homogeneous.
L
1 2 3 r
2 r
xL
r 2
r2 2
r sin
l 2
2r 2 sin
l2 2
Then
X =
xL = 0 xL = 0 and L
r2 l2 2r 2 sin + = 0, or l = r 1 + 4sin 2 2
(a) = 15 :
l = r 1 + 4sin15
(b) = 60 :
or l = 1.427 r
l = r 1 + 4sin 60
or l = 2.11 r
Then
y =
yA A
or
(a + h) a ( ab ) kb ( a h ) 2 2 y = ba kb ( a h )
2 2 1 a (1 k ) + kh 2 a(1 k ) + kh
Let
Then
c =1 k
y =
and
h a
a c + k 2 2 c + k
(1)
Now find a value of (or h) for which y is minimum:

2 dy a 2k ( c + k ) k c + k = =0 d 2 ( c + k ) 2
or
2 ( c + k ) c + k 2 = 0
(2)
Expanding (2) Then
2c + 2
c k 2c
=0
or
+ 2c c = 0
( 2c )2 4 ( k ) ( c )
2k
Taking the positive root, since h > 0 (hence > 0 )

h=a 2 (1 k ) + 4 (1 k ) + 4k (1 k )
2
2k
2 (1 0.2 ) + 4 (1 0.2 ) + 4 ( 0.2 )(1 0.2 )
2
(a) k = 0.2:
h=a
2 ( 0.2 )
or h = 0.472a !
(b) k = 0.6:
h=a
2 (1 0.6 ) + 4 (1 0.6 ) + 4 ( 0.6 )(1 0.6 )
2 ( 0.6 )
or h = 0.387a !

From Problem 5.29, note that Eq. (2) yields the value of that minimizes h. Then from Eq. (2) We see
2 =
c + k 2 c + k
(3)
Then, replacing the right-hand side of (1) by 2 , from Eq. (3) We obtain
y =
a ( 2) 2 h a
Q.E.D.
But So
y =h

\
Note that y1 =
h x+h a
h (a x) a h xdx a
a
Choose the area element (EL) as
dA = ( h y1 ) dx =
Then
A=
h a h 1 2 1 0 xdx = a 2 x = 2 ah a 0
Now, noting that xEL = x, and yEL =
1 ( h + y1 ) 2
a
1 2 a h 2 1 3 2 x = xdA = 0 x a xdx = a 2 3 x = 3 a A ah 0
y =
1 1 2 h 1 2 1 a 2 2 ( h + y1 ) dA = ah 0 2 ( h + y1 ) ( h y1 ) dx = ah 2 0 h y1 dx A 2
1 a 2 h2 h h 1 2 2 3 1 1 = 0 h a 2 ( a x ) dx = a x + 3 a 2 ( a x ) = a a 3 a = 3 h ah 0 Therefore: x = y = 2 a! 3 2 h! 3
First determine k: For x = a, y = 0 and therefore
0 = h 1 ka3 or k = a 3 , and therefore

x3 y = h 1 3 a Choosing an area element as in the figure:
xEL = x,
yEL =
a 0
y , 2
and dA = ydx
a h 1 0
A = dA = ydx =
x3 x4 3 3 dx = h x 3 = ah 4 a 4a 0
a
xEL dA =
a xydx 0
a h x 0 2
x2 x4 x5 3 2 3 dx = b 3 = ab a 5a 0 10 2
a
1 a x3 b2 a 2 x3 x 6 b2 x4 x7 9 a y 1 3 + 6 dx = yEL dA = 0 ydx = 0 h 2 x 3 dx = x 3 + 6 = ab 2 2 2 2 0 2 28 2a 7a 0 a a a
Now
x =
and
y =
1 4 3a 2b 2 xEL dA = = a A 3ab 10 5
1 4 9ab 2 3 yEL dA = 3ab 28 = 7 b A
Therefore:
x =
2 a 5 3 y = b 7
For the element (EL) shown

At
x = a, y = h: h = k1a3
or
k1 =
h a3
or
a = k 2 h3
Hence, on line 1
k2 =
a h3
y =
and on line 2
h 3 x a3 h 1/3 x a1/3
y =
Then
h h dA = 1/3 x1/3 3 x3 dx a a
a 0
and
yEL =
1 h 1/3 h 3 1/3 x + 3 x 2a a
a
h 1/3 h 1 1 3 A = dA = x 3 x3 dx = h 1/3 x 4/3 3 x 4 = ah 1/3 2 a 4a a 4a 0
xEL dA =
a x 0
h 1/3 h 1 8 2 3 x 3 x3 dx = h 1/3 x 7/3 3 x5 = a h 1/3 a 5a a 7a 0 35

h h h h
a 1/3 3 1/3 3 yEL dA = 0 2 a1/3 x + a3 x a1/3 x a3 x dx
h 2 a x 2/3 x 6 h 2 3 x5/3 1 x 6 8 2 = 0 a 2/3 a 6 dx = 2 5 a5/3 7 a6 = 35 ah 2 0
From
8 2 ah xA = xEL dA: x = a h 2 35
8 2 ah yA = yEL dA: y = ah 2 35
or x = or y =
16 a 35 16 h 35
and
Choose as an area element (EL) the shaded area shown:
dA = r dr 2
xEL =
2r
and
r
1 2 2 r A = r 2 r dr = r 2 = r2 r12 1 2 2 2 r1 4
)
r
Then
x =
1 4 4 r2 2r 1 3 2 xEL dA = rdr = r r22 r12 3 r A 1 r22 r12 r1 2
or x =
4 r23 r13 3 r22 r12 4 r23 r13 3 r22 r12
and by symmetry
y =
Note that y1 =
b b x + b = ( a x ) , and a a
y2 =
b 2 a x2 a b 2 a x 2 ( a x ) dx and a
a
Then for the shaded area element:

dA = ( y2 y1 ) dx =
A = dA = 0
a
b 2 b 1 2 x 1 a x 2 ( a x ) dx = x a 2 x 2 + a 2 sin 1 + ( a x ) a a 2 a 2 0
b 1 1 2 ab ( 2 ) a = 4 a2 2 2
1 ( y1 + y2 ): 2
Noting that xEL = x, and that yEL =

x =
1 4 ab 2 2 xELdA = ab 2 0 a x x a x ( a x )dx A ( ) 4
21 = a2 x2 ab ( 2 ) 3 2
3 2
1 1 + ax 2 + x3 3 2
=
0
1 a 2 2 a ( 2 ) 3
( )
3 2
1 1 + a3 + a3 3 2 2a ! 3 ( 2 )
continued
or x =
y =
1 4 a 1 yELdA = ab 2 0 2 ( y2 + y1 ) ( y2 y1 ) dx A ( )
ab ( 2 )
2 2 y2 y1 =
2 a 2 ( 2 )
2 ab 0 2
a2 x2
b2 2 a x ) dx 2( a
a
2b 4b 4b a a 1 2 1 3 2 2 = 3 0 2 ax x dx = a3 2 0 ax x dx = a3 2 2 ax 3 x a ( 2 ) ( ) ( ) 0
or y =
2b ! 3 ( 2 )
First note that symmetry implies For the element (EL) shown
x =0
y = R cos , x = R sin
dx = R cos d
dA = ydx = R 2 cos 2 d
Hence
1 2 sin 2 A = dA = 2 0 R 2 cos 2 d = 2R 2 + = R ( 2 sin 2 ) 4 0 2 2
yEL dA = 2 0
=
R 2 1 cos R 2 cos 2 d = R3 cos 2 sin + sin 2 3 3 0
R3 cos 2 sin + 2sin 3
)
( )
But yA = yEL dA so
R3 cos 2 sin + 2sin 3 y = R2 ( 2 + sin 2 ) 2
or
cos 2 + 2 2 y = R sin 3 ( 2 + sin 2 )

y = 2 3 sin 2 R sin 3 2 + sin 2
Alternatively,
At
x = 0, y = b
b = k (0 a)
2
or
k =
b a2
Then
Now
y=
b 2 x a) 2( a y b 2 = x a) 2( 2 2a
xEL = x, yEL =
and
dA = ydx =
A = dA = 0
a
b ( x a )2 dx a2
Then
and
a b b 1 ( x a )2 dx = 2 ( x a )3 = ab 2 0 3 a 3a
2 a a 3 2 2 xEL dA = 0 x a 2 ( x a ) dx = a 2 0 ( x 2ax + a x )dx
b x4 2 3 a2 2 1 2 x = ax + 12 a b 3 2 a2 4
a
yEL dA = 0
=
b b2 1 2 b 2 5 x a ) 2 ( x a ) dx = x a) 2( 4 ( 2a a 2a 5 0
1 2 ab 10
1 2 1 ab Hence xA = xEL dA: x ab = 3 12 1 2 1 yA = yEL dA: y ab = ab 3 10
x = y =
1 a 4
3 b 10

For the element (EL) shown on line 1 at
x = a, b = k 2 a 2
y =
On line 2 at
or
k2 =
b a2
b 2 x a2
or
x = a, 2b = k1a3
y = 2b 3 x a3
k2 =
2b a3
2b b dA = 2 x 2 + 3 x3 dx a a
Then b 2 x3 b x3 2 x 4 A = dA = 2 x 2 + + dx = 2 x 4a a a 3
a 0 a
1 1 5 = ab + = ab 3 2 6
and xEL dA =
a x 0
b 2 2b 3 b x 4 2 x5 2 2 1 x + 3 x dx = 2 2 4 + 5a = a b 4 + 5 a a a 0
13 2 ab 20 2b 3 b 2 2b 3 a1 b 2 yEL dA = 0 2 a 2 x a3 x a 2 x + a3 x dx
1 b 2 2b = 2 x 3 x 3 2 a a
a 0
b 2 x5 2 7 dx = 4 5 7a 2 x 2a 0
2 13 1 = b 2a5 = ab 2 10 7 70
Then
xA = xEL dA:
5 13 2 x ab = ab 6 20
or
x =
39 a 50 39 b 175
yA = yEL dA:
5 13 2 y ab ab 6 70
or y =

Using the area element shown:
xEL = x,
A = dA =
yEL =
L h 1 0
y , 2
and dA = ydx
L
x x2 x 2 2 x3 5 + 2 2 dx = h x + = hL 2 L 2L 3 L 0 6 L
L
x 2 1 x3 2 x 4 x x2 x2 x3 1 2 L L xEL dA = 0 xh 1 + L 2 L2 dx = h 0 x + L 2 L2 dx = h 2 + 3 L 4 L2 = 3 hL 0
1 2 h2 L x x2 h2 L x2 x4 x x2 x3 yEL dA = 2 y dx = 2 0 1 + L 2 L2 dx = 2 0 1 + L2 + 4 L4 + 2 L 4 L2 4 L3 dx
2
h2 x3 4 x5 x 2 4 x3 x 4 4 2 h L = 2 3 = x + 2 + 4 + L 2 L 0 10 3L 5L 3L
Now
x = y =
Therefore:
1 6 1 2 2 xEL dA = 5hL 3 hL = 5 L and A 1 6 4 2 12 yEL dA = 5hL 10 h L = 25 h A

x = y = 2 L 5 12 h 25
Note that y1 = 0 at x = a, or
0 = 2b 1 ka 2 , i.e. k =
1 a2
Also, note that the slope of y2 is
3b and y2 = 0 at x = 2a. Therefore a
y2 =
3b ( 2a x ) . a
Pick the area element dA ( EL ) such that: for 0 x a

dA = ( 3b y1 ) dx, and for a x 2a dA = y2 dx, Then:
2b a 2a a 2 a 3b A = dA = 0 ( 3b y1 ) dx + a y2dx = 0 3b 2 a 2 x 2 dx + a ( 2a x ) dx = a a
and xEL = x,
yEL =
1 ( 3b + y1 ) 2
and xEL = x,
yEL =
1 y2 2
2b 2 3b 1 2 a 3b + 2 x 2 dx + a ( 2a x ) dx = b x + 2 x3 + ( 2a x )2 a a 2 a 3a 0
a b 0
2a
=
a
continued
2 3b 19 2 ab 1 + ab ( 2a a ) = 3 2a 6 Now for the centroid: x =

1 6 a 2 2 3b 2a xdA = 19ab b 0 x 1 + a 2 x dx + a a x ( 2a x ) dx = A
6 1 2 1 3 1 x + 2 x 4 + ax 2 x3 19a 2 3 a 2a 0 a
a 2a
6 1 1 8 1 = 2 + 2 + 3 4 3 1 + 3 19
or x =
18 a! 19
y =
1 6 a1 2a 1 yELdA = 19ab 0 2 ( 3b + y1 )( 3b y1 ) dx + a 2 y2 y2dx A = 1 6 a1 2a 1 2 2 y2 dx = 9b 2 y1 dx + a 2 19ab 0 2 2
2 2 1 6 a 1 2 4b 2 2 2 2a 9b 2 0 9b 4 a x dx + a 2 ( 2a x ) dx 2 19ab 2 a a
3b a 8 2 4 4 2 2a 9 0 5 + 2 x 4 x dx + a 2 ( 2a x ) dx 19a a a a
a 2a 3b 8 4 9 1 3 5 x + 2 x 3 4 x 5 + 2 ( 2a x ) 19a a 3a 5a 0 a 3
3b 8 4 3 5 + 3 5 + 3 (1) 19 y = 148 b! 95
For y2 Then
Now and for
at
x = a, y = b : a = kb2
y2 = b 1/2 x a
or
k =
a b2
xEL = x 0 x a y b x1/2 x1/2 : yEL = 2 = , dA = y2dx = b dx 2 2 2 a a
For
a 1 b x 1 x1/2 x a : yEL = ( y1 + y2 ) = + 2 2 2a 2 a
x1/2 x 1 dA = ( y2 y1 ) dx = b + dx a a 2
Then
A = dA = 0 b =
a/2
x1/2 x 1 x1/2 a dx + a/2 b a a + 2 dx a

a
a/2 2 x3/2 b 2 3/2 x2 1 x + b + x 3 2a 2 a/2 a 0 3 a
3/2 3/2 2 b a 3/2 a = + ( a ) 3 a 2 2 2 1 a 1 a + b a 2 + ( a ) 2 2 2 2a
( )
and
13 ab 24 1/2 x1/2 x 1 a/2 x a xEL dA = 0 x b dx + a/2 x b + dx a a a 2

=
b = a
a/2 2 x5/2 x3 x 4 2 5/2 x + b + 5 3a 4 a/2 0 5 a a
continued
5/2 5/2 2 b a 5/2 a + ( a ) 5 a 2 2
3 2 1 3 a 1 2 a + b ( a ) + ( a ) 2 4 2 3a 71 2 = ab 240 a/2 dx b yEL dA = 0 2 a a
b x1/2 x1/2
1 x1/2 x1/2 x 1 a b x + a/2 + + dx b 2a 2 a a a 2

a/2 3 b2 1 2 b 2 x 2 1 x 1 = x + 2a 2 0 2 2a 3a a 2 a/2 a
= =
2 2 3 b a 2 a b2 a 1 + ( a ) 4a 2 2 6a 2 2
11 2 ab 48
Hence xA = xEL dA:
71 2 13 x ab = ab 24 240 13 11 2 y ab = ab 24 48
x =
17 a = 0.546a ! 130
yA = yEL dA:
y =
11 b = 0.423b ! 26
First note that because the wire is homogeneous, its center of gravity coincides with the centroid of the corresponding line Now Then and
xEL = r cos
7 /4
and
dL = rd
7 /4
L = dL = /4 rd = r [ ] /4 =
7 /4 xEL dL = /4 r cos ( rd )
3 r 2
1 1 7 /4 2 = r 2 [sin ] /4 = r 2 = r 2 2 2
Thus
3 xL = xdL : x r = r 2 2 2
x =
2 2 r 3
SOLUTION 5.43 CONTINUED

Then
Now and dy dL = 1 + dx
2
dy = a 2/3 x 2/3 dx
xEL = x
) ( x )
1/2 1/3
dx = 1 + a 2/3 x 2/3
) ( x )
1/2 1/3
a
1/2 2
dx
Then
L = dL = 0
a1/3 3 3 dx = a1/3 x 2/3 = a 1/ 3 2 x 2 0
and
a 1/3 3 a a 3 xEL dL = 0 x 1/3 dx = a1/3 x5/3 = a 2 x 5 0 5
Hence
3 3 xL = xEL dL : x a = a 2 2 5
x =
2 a 5
First note that because the wire is homogeneous, its center of gravity coincides with the centroid of the corresponding line Now xEL = a cos3 and dL = dx 2 + dy 2
Where
x = a cos3 : dx = 3a cos2 sin d y = a sin 3 : dy = 3a sin 2 cos d
Then
dL = 3a cos 2 sin d
) + (3a sin cos d )

2 2 2
1/2
= 3a cos sin cos 2 + sin 2 = 3a cos sin d L = dL = 0 = and 3 a 2

/2
1/2
d
/2
1 3a cos sin d = 3a sin 2 2 0
/2 3 xELdL = 0 a cos ( 3a cos sin d )
1 = 3a cos5 5 0
2
/2
3 2 a 5
Hence
3 3 xL = xEL dL : x a = a 2 2 5
x x = a cos3 cos 2 = a y y = a sin 3 sin 2 = a
2/3
x =
2 a ! 5
Alternative solution
2/3
x a
2/3
y + a
2/3
=1
or
y = a 2/3 x 2/3
3/2
Then Now and

dy dL = 1 + dx
2
dy = a 2/3 x 2/3 dx xEL = x
) ( x )
1/2 1/3
dx = 1 + a 2/3 x 2/3
) ( x )
1/2
1/3
a
1/2 2
dx
Then
L = dL = 0
a1/3 3 3 dx = a1/3 x 2/3 = a 1/ 3 2 x 2 0
and
a 1/3 3 a a 3 xEL dL = 0 x 1/3 dx = a1/3 x5/3 = a 2 x 5 0 5
Hence
3 3 xL = xEL dL : x a = a 2 2 5
x =
2 a ! 5
First note that because the wire is homogeneous, its center of gravity coincides with the centroid of the corresponding line Have at Thus
x = a, y = a : a = ka 2
y = 1 2 x a and
2
or
k =
1 a
dy =
2 xdx a
2
Then
a 0
dy 2 dL = 1 + dx = 1 + x dx dx a x 4 4x2 a 2 4x2 1 + 2 x 2 dx = 1 + 2 + ln x + 1 + 2 4 a 2 a a a 0
a
L = dL = =
a a 5 + ln 2 + 5 = 1.4789a 2 4
a x 0
xEL dL =
=
3/2 4 4x2 2 a2 1 + 2 dx = 1 + 2 x 2 3 8 a a 0
Then
a 2 3/2 5 1 = 0.8484a 2 12 xL = xEL dL: x (1.4789a ) = 0.8484a 2
x = 0.574a
Have
xEL = x,
yEL =
1 x x sin L 2
and
A = dA = 0 x sin
L/2
dA = ydx
L2 x L x x cos dx = 2 sin L L L 0
L/2
L2
and
x L/2 x = xEL dA = 0 x x sin dx L

2 L2 x 2 L3 x L 2 x = 2 x sin + 3 cos x sin L L L 0
L/2
L3
L3
Also
y = yEL dA = 0
L/2 1
x sin
x dx x sin L L
L/2
1 2 L2 x L 2 L3 x = 2 x sin x 3 cos 2 L L 0
L2 L L3 1 1 L3 6 + 2 ( 1) = 2 8 4 2 2 2 6 96
Hence
L2 z 1 xA = xEL dA: x 2 = L3 2 3
or
L2 L3 1 2 yA = yEL dA: y 2 = 96 2 2 3
x = 0.363L !
or y = 0.1653L !

First note that by symmetry y = 0. Using the area element shown in the figure,
xEL =
2 2 r cos = R cos 2 cos 3 3
dA =
1 2 1 r d = R 2 cos 2 2 d 2 2

1 1 4 4 A = dA = R 2 4 cos 2 d = R 2 0 cos 2 d = R 2 0 (1 + cos 4 ) d 2 2

4
1 1 4 1 = R 2 + sin 4 = R 2 2 4 0 8
2 2 2 4 3 xEL dA = 4 3 R cos 2 cos 2 R cos 2 d = 3 R 0 cos 2 cos d
= 2 3 4 R 0 1 2sin 2 3
cos d =
2 3 4 R 0 1 6sin 2 + 12sin 4 8sin 6 cos d 3
2 12 8 4 = R3 sin 2sin 3 + sin 5 sin 7 3 5 7 0

=
Now:
2 3 2 2 12 1 8 1 16 2 3 R 1 2 + 5 4 7 8 = 105 R 3 2
x=
1 8 16 2 3 128 2 xEL dA = R 2 105 R = 105 R A

or x = 0.549 R
y =0
From the solution to problem 5.2:
A = 134 in 2 ,
xA = 1102 in 3,
yA = 536 in 3
and from the solution of problem 5.22
L = 56 in., and xL = 488 in 2

Applying the theorems of Pappus-Guldinus, we have (a) Rotation about the x-axis:
Volume = 2 yarea A = 2yA = 2 536 in 3 = 3367.8 in 3
or
V = 1.949 ft 3
Area = 2 ylength L = 2yL = 2 6 (15 ) + 10 ( 4 ) + 8 (10 ) + 4 (18 ) = 1520.53 in 2
or
(b) Rotation about x = 19 in.:
A = 10.56 ft 2
Volume = 2 (19 xarea ) A = 2 (19 A xA ) = 2 (19 in ) 134 in 2 1102 in 3
= 9072.9 in 3
or
V = 5.25 ft 3
Area = 2 (19 xline ) L = 2 (19L xL ) = 2 (19 in.)( 56 in.) 488 in 2 = 3619.1 in 2
or
A = 25.1 ft 2
From the solution to problem 5.4:
A = 772 in 2 , and for the line
xA = 17828 in 3 ,
yA = 18464 in 3
( Area )
xL yL
L
1 2 3 4 5
13 40 34 212 + 242 = 31.890 16 134.89
27.5 34 17 10.5 21
0 20 40 28 8
357.5 1360 578 334.85 336 2966.4
0 800 1360 892.92 128 3180.9

or V = 64.8 ft 3 !
or A = 129.4 ft 2 !
(a)
V = 2 xarea A = 2xA = 2 17828 in 3 = 112 017 in 3

A = 2 xline L = 2xL = 2 2966.4 in 2 = 18 638.1 in 2
continued
(b) V = 2 ( 40 yarea ) A = 2 ( 40 A yA ) = 2 ( 40 in.) 772 in 2 18 464 in 3 = 78 012 in 3 or V = 45.1 ft 3 !

A = 2 ( yline ) y = 40 L = 2 L ( y 40 ) = 2 ( Ly 40L )
= 2 ( 3180.9 40 134.89 ) = 13 915.3 in 2 or A = 96.6 ft 2 !
From the solution of Problem 5.1:
A = 150000 mm 2 ,
x A = 140 mm,
y A = 165 mm
From the solution of Problem 5.21:
L = 1800 mm,
xL = 116.667 mm,
yL = 166.667 mm
Applying the theorems of Pappus-Guldinus, we have (a) Rotation about the x-axis:
Ax = 2 yL L = 2 (166.667 mm )(1800 mm ) = 1884 960 mm 2

or
A = 1.885 106 mm 2
Vx = 2 y A = 2 (165 mm ) 150 000 mm 2 = 155 509 000 mm 3

or (b) Rotation about x = 400 mm:
V = 155.5 106 mm3
Ax = 400 mm = 2 ( 400 mm xL ) L = 2 ( 400 116.667 ) mm (1800 mm ) = 3 204 420 mm 2

or
A = 3.20 106 mm 2
Vx = 2 ( 400 mm x A ) A = 2 ( 400 140 ) mm 150 000 mm 2 = 245 040 000 mm 3

or
V = 245 106 mm3
Applying the second theorem of Pappus-Guldinus, we have (a) Rotation about axis AA:
ab 2 2 Volume = 2 yA = 2 ( a ) = a b 2
(b) Rotation about axis BB:
V = 2a 2b
ab 2 2 Volume = 2 yA = 2 ( 2a ) = 2 a b 2
(c) Rotation about y-axis:
V = 2 2a 2b
4a ab 2 2 Volume = 2 yA = 2 = a b 3 2 3
V =
2 2 a b 3

The area A and circumference C of the cross section of the bar are
A=
d 2 and C = d .
Also, the semicircular ends of the link can be obtained by rotating the cross section through a horizontal semicircular arc of radius R. Now, applying the theorems of Pappus-Guldinus, we have for the volume V:
V = 2 (Vside ) + 2 (V
end
) = 2 ( AL ) + 2 ( RA) = 2 ( L + R ) A
or V = 2.10 in 3
2 or V = 2 3 in. + ( 0.75 in.) ( 0.5 in.) = 2.1034 in 3 4
For the area A:
A = 2 ( Aside ) + 2 ( Aend ) = 2 ( CL ) + 2 ( RC ) = 2 ( L + R ) C
or A = 2 3 in. + ( 0.75 in.) ( 0.5 in.) = 16.8270 in 2
or A = 16.83 in 2
Following the second theorem of Pappus-Guldinus, in each case a specific generating area A will be rotated about the x axis to produce the given shape. Values of y are from Fig. 5.8A. (1) Hemisphere: the generating area is a quarter circle
Have
4a V = 2 yA = 2 a 2 3 4
or V =
2 3 a ! 3
(2) Semiellipsoid of revolution: the generating area is a quarter ellipse Have

4a V = 2 yA = 2 ha 3 4 or V = 2 2 a h! 3
(3) Paraboloid of revolution: the generating area is a quarter parabola Have 3 2 V = 2 yA = 2 a ah 8 3 or V = (4) Cone: the generating area is a triangle 1 2 a h! 2
Have
a 1 V = 2 yA = 2 ha 3 2 or V = 1 2 a h! 3

The required volume can be generated by rotating the area shown about the y axis. Applying the second theorem of Pappus-Guldinus, we have
5 1 V = 2 xA = 2 + 7.5 mm 5 mm 5 mm 3 2
or V = 720 mm3

Applying the first theorem of Pappus-Guldinus, the contact area AC of a belt is given by:
AC = yL = yL
where the individual lengths are the lengths of the belt cross section that are in contact with the pulley. (a)
0.125 0.125 in. AC = 2 ( y1L1 ) + y2 L2 = 2 3 in. + ( 3 0.125 ) in. ( 0.625 in.) 2 cos 20
or AC = 8.10 in 2 (b)
0.375 0.375 in. AC = 2 ( y1L1 ) = 2 3 0.08 in. 2 cos 20

or AC = 6.85 in 2 (c)
2 ( 0.25 ) AC = 2 ( y1L1 ) = 3 in. ( 0.25 in.)

or AC = 7.01 in 2
Volume: The volume can be obtained by rotating the triangular area shown through radians about the y axis. The area of the triangle is:
A=
1 ( 52 )( 60 ) = 1560 mm2 2
Applying the theorems of Pappus-Guldinus, we have
V = xA = ( 52 mm ) 1560 mm 2
or V = 255 103 mm3 !
The surface area can be obtained by rotating the triangle shown through an angle of radians about the y axis.
Considering each line BD, DE, and BE separately: Line BD : L1 = 222 + 602 = 63.906 mm Line DE : L2 = 52 mm x1 = 20 + 22 = 31 mm 2
x2 = 20 + 22 + 26 = 68 mm x1 = 20 + 74 = 57 mm 2
continued
Line BE : L3 = 742 + 602 = 95.268 mm
Then applying the theorems of Pappus-Guldinus for the part of the surface area generated by the lines:
AL = xA = ( 31)( 63.906 ) + ( 68 )( 52 ) + ( 57 )( 95.268 ) = [10947.6] = 34.392 103 mm 2
The area of the end triangles:

1 AE = 2 ( 52 )( 60 ) = 3.12 103 mm 2 2 Total surface area is therefore:
A = AL + AE = ( 34.392 + 3.12 ) 103 mm 2
or A = 37.5 103 mm 2 !

The mass of the escutcheon is given by m = ( density )V , where V is the volume. V can be generated by rotating the area A about the x-axis.
From the figure: L1 = 752 12.52 = 73.9510 m
L2 =
37.5 = 76.8864 mm tan 26
a = L2 L1 = 2.9354 mm
= sin 1 =
12.5 = 9.5941 75
26 9.5941 = 8.2030 = 0.143168 rad 2
Area A can be obtained by combining the following four areas:
Applying the second theorem of Pappus-Guldinus and using Figure 5.8 a, we have V = 2 yA = 2 yA
continued
Seg . 1 2
A, mm 2 1 ( 76.886 )( 37.5) = 1441.61 2

( 75 ) = 805.32
2
y , mm
y A , mm3 18 020.1 12 265.3
1 ( 37.5) = 12.5 3 2 ( 75) sin sin ( + ) = 15.2303 3 1 (12.5) = 4.1667 3 1 (12.5) = 6.25 2
1 ( 73.951)(12.5) = 462.19 2
1925.81
( 2.9354 )(12.5 ) = 36.693
229.33 3599.7
Then
V = 2 yA = 2 3599.7 mm3 = 22618 mm3 m = ( density )V
= 8470 kg/m3 22.618 106 m3 = 0.191574 kg
)(
)
or m = 191.6 g !
The volume of the waste wood is:
Vwaste = Vblank Vtop , where

Vblank = ( 22 in.) (1.25 in.) = 1900.664 in 3
2
Vtop = V1 + V2 + V3 + V4
The volumes Vi can be obtained through the use of the theorem of Pappus-Guldinus:
2 2 Vtop = ( 21.15 in.) ( 0.75 in.) + ( 21.4 in.) ( 0.5 in.)
( 4 )( 0.5) in. 0.5 in. 2 + 2 21.15 + ( 4 )( 0.75) in. 0.75 in. 2 + 2 21.4 + ( ) ( ) 3 4 3 4
= (1053.979 + 719.362 + 26.663 + 59.592 ) in 3 = 1859.596 in 3
Therefore
Vwaste = 1900.664 in 3 1859.596 in 3

= 41.068 in 3
Then
Wwaste = woodVwaste N tops

= 0.025 lb/in 3 41.068 in 3 ( 5000 tops ) = 5133.5 lb,or
Vwaste = 5.13 kips
)(
The total surface area can be divided up into the top circle, bottom circle, and the edge.
ATotal = ATop circle + ABottom circle + AEdge,or

2 2 ATotal = ( 21.4 in.) + ( 21.15 in.)
2 ( 0.5 ) + 2 21.4 + in. ( 0.5 in.) + 2

= (1438.72 + 1405.31 + 107.176 + 160.091) = 3111.3 in 2
2 ( 0.75 ) in. ( 0.75 in.) 2 21.15 + 2
Now, knowing that 1 gallon of lacquer covers 500 ft2, the number of gallons needed, NGallons is
N Gallons = ASurface coverage ( number of tops ) ( number of coats )

N Gallons = 3111.3 in 2
( 500 ) (144 in 2 )
1 Gallon
5000 3
= 648.19 gal
or N Gallons = 648
The mass of the lamp shade is given by
m = V = At
where A is the surface area and t is the thickness of the shade. The area can be generated by rotating the line shown about the x axis. Applying the first theorem of Pappus-Guldinus we have
A = 2 yL = 2yL = 2 ( y1L1 + y2 L2 + y3L3 + y4 L4 )

13 mm 13 + 16 or A = 2 (13 mm ) + mm 2 2 16 + 28 + mm 2
( 32 mm )2 + ( 3 mm )2
28 + 33 + mm 2
(8 mm )2 + (12 mm )2
( 28 mm )2 + ( 5 mm )2
= 2 ( 84.5 + 466.03 + 317.29 + 867.51) = 10903.4 mm 2

Then
m = At = 2800 kg/m 3 10.9034 103 m 2 ( 0.001 m )

or m = 30.5 g
)(

Free-Body Diagram: First note that the required surface area A can be generated by rotating the parabolic cross section through 2 radians about the x axis. Applying the first theorem of Pappus-Guldinus, we have
A = 2 yL
Now, since
or
x = ky ,
at
x = a : a = k ( 7.5 )
a = 56.25 k
At
(1)
x = ( a + 15 ) mm: a + 15 = k (12.5 )
2
or
a + 15 = 156.25k
(2)
or a = 8.4375 mm
Then
Eq. (2) a + 15 156.25k : = Eq. (1) a 56.25k
Eq. (1) k = 0.15

x = 0.15 y 2
2
1 mm
dx = 0.3 y dy
and
Now
dx dL = 1 + dy = 1 + 0.09 y 2 dy dy
So
A = 2 yL
12.5
and
yL = ydL
A = 2 7.5 y 1 + 0.09 y 2 dy 2 1 2 = 2 1 + 0.09 y 3 0.18
12.5 3/2
7.5
= 1013 mm 2
or A = 1013 mm 2
(a) Note that in the free-body diagram:

R1 = 1 ( 4.2 m )( 600 N/m ) = 1260 N, 2
and R2 =
1 ( 4.2 m )( 240 N/m ) = 504 N 2

R = 1764 N
Then for the equivalence of the systems of forces:

Fy :
M A :
R = R1 + R2 = 1260 + 504 = 1764 N

1 2 x (1764 N ) = 2 + 4.2 m (1260 N ) + 2 + 4.2 m ( 504 N ) = 3.8000 m 3 3
or x = 3.80 m
(b) Equilibrium:
Fx = 0: Ax = 0
Fy = 0:
Ay 1764 = 0 A = 1764 N
= 0:
M A ( 3.80 m )(1764 N ) = 0
M A = 6.70 kN m
With R1 = ( 20 lb/ft )(18 ft ) = 360 lb, and R2 =
1 ( 60 lb/ft )(18 ft ) = 360 lb: 3
Fy :
or
R = R1 R2
R = 360 lb + 360 lb = 720 lb
R = 720 lb
+ M A :
x ( 720 lb ) = ( 9 ft )( 360 lb ) (13.5 ft )( 360 ft )

x = 11.25 ft
R = (1800 N/m )( 3.2 m ) = 5.76 kN

+ M A = 0: ( 5.76 kN )(1.2 m + 1.6 m ) + By ( 3.6 m ) = 0, or
By = 4.48 kN B = 4.48 kN
Fy = 0:
Ay + 4.48 5.76 = 0, or Ay = 1.28 kN
+ Fx = 0:
Ax = 0
Therefore:
A = 1.28 kN
kN R1 = 1.5 (1.6 m ) = 2.4 kN m
R2 =
1 kN 3 ( 2.4 m ) = 3.6 kN 2 m
kN R3 = 3 (1.6 m ) = 4.8 kN m
Equilibrium:
+ Fx = 0:
+ M B = 0:
Ax = 0
( 4.8 m )( 2.4 kN ) + ( 2.4 m )( 3.6 kN ) + ( 0.8 m )( 4.8 kN ) ( 4.0 m ) Ay

Ay = 6.0000 kN 6 kN 2.4 kN 3.6 kN 4.8 kN + By = 0 By = 4.8000 kN
=0
A = 6.00 kN B = 4.80 kN
+ Fy = 0:
lb R1 = 240 ( 4.8 ft ) = 1152 lb ft R2 = 1 lb 180 ( 3.6 ft ) = 324 lb 2 ft

Ax = 0
Equilibrium:
+ Fx = 0: + Fy = 0:
Ay 1152 lb + 324 lb = 0 Ay = 828.00 lb A = 828 lb
+ M A = 0:
M A ( 2.4 ft )(1152 lb ) + ( 6 ft )( 324 lb ) = 0

M A = 820.80 lb ft M A = 821 lb ft

The distributed load given can be simplified as in the diagram below with the resultants R1 and R2.
The resultants are:
R1 = ( 6 ft )( 30 lb/ft ) = 180 lb, and R2 =

Now, for equilibrium:
1 ( 4.5 ft )(120 lb/ft ) = 270 lb 2
Fx = 0: Fy = 0:
Ax = 0
Ay + 180 270 = 0 Ay = 90.0 lb
Therefore:
A = 90.0 lb
M A = 0:
2 M A + ( 3 ft )(180 lb ) 1.5 + 4.5 ft ( 270 lb ) = 0 3

or M = 675 lb ft
kN R1 = 1.5 ( 2.4 m ) = 3.6 kN m
R2 =
2 kN 9 ( 2.4 m ) = 14.4 kN 3 m
Ax = 0
Equilibrium:
+ Fx = 0: + M B = 0:
( 3.3 m ) Ay (1.8 m )( 3.6 kN ) + ( 2.1 m )(14.4 kN ) = 0

Ay = 7.2000 kN A = 7.20 kN
+ Fy = 0:
7.2 kN + 3.6 kN 14.4 kN + By = 0 By = 3.6000 kN B = 3.60 kN
The resultants:
R1 =
R2 = R3 =
2 ( 3.2 ft )(120 lb/ft ) = 256 lb 3

1 ( 2.4 ft )(120 lb/ft ) = 96 lb 3 1 (1.6 ft )( 45 lb/ft ) = 24 lb 3
Ax = 0
Then for equilibrium:
Fx = 0: M B = 0:
3 ( 7.2 ft ) Ay + 4 + 3.2 ft ( 256 lb ) 8 3 1 + 1.6 + 2.4 ft ( 96 lb ) + 1.6 ft ( 24 lb = 0 ) 4 4
Ay = 231.56 lb A = 232 lb
Fy = 0:
23.56 256 96 24 + By = 0 B = 144.4 lb
Have
RI =
1 ( 9 m )( 2 kN/m ) = 9 kN 2
RII = ( 9 m )(1.5 kN/m ) = 13.5 kN

Then
Fx = 0: C x = 0 M B = 0: 50 kN m (1 m )( 9 kN ) ( 2.5 m )(13.5 kN ) + ( 6 m ) C y = 0
or
C y = 15.4583 kN
C = 15.46 kN
Fy = 0: By 9 kN 13.5 kN + 15.4583 = 0
or
By = 7.0417 kN
B = 7.04 kN
Chapter 5, Solution70.
Have
RI =
1 ( 9 m ) ( 3.5 w0 ) kN/m = 4.5 ( 3.5 w0 ) kN 2
RII = ( 9 m ) ( w0 kN/m ) = 9w0 kN (a) Then

or so
M C = 0: 50 kN m + ( 5 m ) 4.5 ( 3.5 w0 ) kN + ( 3.5 m ) ( 9w0 kN ) = 0

9w0 + 28.75 = 0 w0 = 3.1944 kN/m w0 = 3.19 kN/m
Note: the negative sign means that the distributed force w0 is upward.
(b)
Fx = 0: C x = 0 Fy = 0: 4.5 ( 3.5 + 3.19 ) kN + 9 ( 3.19 ) kN + C y = 0

or
C y = 1.375 kN
C = 1.375 kN
The distributed load can be represented in terms of resultants: R1 = ( 8 m )( 300 N/m ) = 2400 N
R2 =
1 ( 8 a ) m ( 2400 N/m ) = 1200 ( 8 a ) N 2

1 8 Ay + 4 ( 2400 ) + ( 8 a ) 1200 ( 8 a ) = 0 3 Ay = 1200 + 50 ( 8 a )
2
For equilibrium:
M B = 0:
(1)
M A = 0:
2 8By 4 ( 2400 ) a + ( 8 a ) 1200 ( 8 a ) = 0 3

By = 1200 + 50 (16 + a )( 8 a ) (2) (3)
(a) Fy = 0:
Ay + By 2400 1200 ( 8 a ) = 0
Using the requirement By = 2 Ay and (1)

2 3 1200 + 50 ( 8 a ) 2400 1200 ( 8 a ) = 0
or
(8 a )2 8 (8 a ) + 8 = 0,
which gives
continued
(8 a ) =
( 8 )2 4 ( 8 )
2
= 6.82843 m or 1.17157 m
a = 1.17157 m or a = 6.82843 m, and therefore
amin = 1.17157 m or amin = 1.172 m ! (b) Fx = 0:
Ax = 0
2
Equation (1) gives: Ay = 1200 + 50 ( 6.82843) = 3531.4 N or A = 3.53 kN

By = 2 Ay gives By = 2 ( 3531.4 N ) , and
B = 7.06 kN
! !
The distributed load can be represented in terms of resultants: R1 = ( 8 m )( 300 N/m ) = 2400 N
R2 =
1 ( 8 a ) m ( 2400 N/m ) = 1200 ( 8 a ) N 2

1 8 Ay + 4 ( 2400 ) + ( 8 a ) 1200 ( 8 a ) = 0 3 Ay = 1200 + 50 ( 8 a )
2
For equilibrium:
M B = 0:
(1)
M A = 0:
2 8By 4 ( 2400 ) a + ( 8 a ) 1200 ( 8 a ) = 0 3
By = 1200 + 50 (16 + a )( 8 a ) (a) Dividing Equation (1) by Equation (2): By Ay = 1200 + 50 (16 + a )( 8 a ) 1200 + 50 ( 8 a )
2
(2)
( ) 24 + ( 64 16a + a )
24 + 128 8a a 2
152 8a a 2 88 16a + a 2
continued
Differentiating
d By da Ay
By Ay
( 8 2a ) 88 16a + a 2 152 8a a 2 ( 16 + 2a ) =0 = 2 88 16a + a 2
) (
or
a 20a + 72 = 0 a= 20
or
( 20 )2 4 ( 72 )
2
Knowing that a 8 m: a = 4.7085 m or (b) For equilibrium: a = 4.71 m !
Fx = 0: and from (1):
Ax = 0
2
Ay = 1200 + 50 ( 8 4.7085 ) = 1741.70 N
A = 1.742 kN
Also,
Fy = 0: 1741.70 2400 1200 ( 8 4.7085 ) + By = 0 By = 4608.1 N or
B = 4.61 kN
!
R1 = ( 3.6 ft )( wA kips/ft ) = 3.6wA kips

R2 = 1 1 ( 5.4 ft ) wA kips/ft = 1.35wA kips 2 2
1 R3 = ( 5.4 ft ) wA kips/ft = 2.7wA kips 2

Equilibrium:
+ M C = 0:
(1.8 ft ) ( 3.6wA ) kips + (1.8 ft ) (1.35wA ) kips + ( 2.7 ft ) ( 2.7 wA ) kips + ( 2.1 ft )( 6 kips )
( 2.4 ft )( 4.5 kips ) ( 3.6 ft )(1 kip ) = 0
wA = 0.55556 kips/ft
or
wA = 556 lb/ft
+ FyA = 0:
RR ( 3.6 )( 0.55556 ) kips + 1.35 ( 0.55556 ) kips
+ 2.7 ( 0.55556 ) kips 6 kips 4.5 kips 1 kip = 0

Solving for RR :
RR = 7.2500 kips
or
RR = 7.25 kips
R1 = ( 3.6 ft )( wA kips/ft ) = 3.6wA kips
R2 =
1 ( 5.4 ft )( 0.6wA kips/ft ) = 1.62wA kips 2
R3 = ( 5.4 ft )( 0.4wA kips/ft ) = 2.16wA kips Equilibrium:

+ M A = 0: (1.8 ft ) ( 3.6wA ) kips + ( 3.6 ft ) RR + ( 5.4 ft ) (1.62wA ) kips + ( 6.3 ft ) ( 2.16 wA ) kips (1.5 ft )( 6 kips )
( 6 ft )( 4.5 kips ) ( 7.2 ft ) P = 0 or
28.836wA + 3.6RR 7.2 P 36 = 0

RR + 3.6wA + 1.62wA + 2.16wA 6 4.5 P = 0
(1)
+ Fy y = 0: or
7.38wA + RR P 10.5 = 0
(2)
( 28.836 ) Eq. ( 2 ) ( 7.38) Eq. (1) = 0 gives

2.268RR 37.098 + 24.3P = 0
Since RR 0, the maximum acceptable value of P is that for which RR = 0, and P = 1.52667 kips (b) Now, from (2): 7.38wA 1.52667 10.5 = 0 or P = 1.527 kips !
or
wA = 1.630 kips/ft !
Noting that the weight of a section of the dam is Wi = Vi (Vi being the volume of that section ) :
lb W1 = 150 3 (10.5 ft )( 9 ft )(1 ft ) = 14175 lb ft
lb 1 W2 = 150 3 (10.5 ft )( 21 ft )(1 ft ) = 16537.5 lb ft 2 lb W3 = 150 3 (18 ft )( 30 ft )(1 ft ) = 81000 lb ft lb 1 W4 = 150 3 ( 3 ft )( 30 ft )(1 ft ) = 6750 lb ft 2 From the free-body diagram:
x1 = 5.25 ft, x2 = For the distance a: a 3 = , or a = 2.4 ft 24 30 2 (10.5 ft ) = 7 ft, x3 = 19.5 ft, and x4 = 29.5 ft 3
Therefore: lb 1 Ws = 62.4 3 ( 2.4 ft )( 24 ft )(1 ft ) = 1797.12 lb, and ft 2
xs = 31.5
1 ( 2.4 ) = 30.7 ft 3
Now, for the pressure force P: P= = 1 1 PB A = ( W hB ) A 2 2 1 lb 62.4 3 ( 24 ft ) ( 24 ft )(1 ft ) 2 ft
= 17971.2 lb Then, for equilibrium: (a) Fx = 0:

H P=0 H = 17971.2 lb or H = 17.97 kips Fy = 0: V 14175 16537.5 81000 6750 1797.12 = 0 V = 120259.62 lb or V = 120.3 kips (b) From moment equilibrium: M A = 0:
! !
1 x (120259.62 lb ) + 24 ft (17971.2 lb ) ( 5.25 ft )(14175 lb ) ( 7 ft )(16537.5 lb ) 3
(19.5 ft )(81000 lb ) ( 29.5 ft )( 6750 lb ) ( 30.7 ft )(1797.12 lb ) = 0

or x = 15.63 ft ! (c) free-body diagram for section of water:
continued
For equilibrium: F = 0:
Ws + P + ( R ) = 0
where R is the force of the water on the face BD of the dam, and
P = 17971.2 lb, and Ws = 1797.12 lb Then from the force triangle: R=
(17971.2 lb )2 + (1797.12 lb )2
= 18.06 kips
1797.12 = tan 1 = 5.71 17971.2
Therefore: R = 18.06 kips
5.71 !

Free-Body Diagram:
Locations of centers of gravity:
x1 =
5 ( 5 m ) = 3.125 m 8
1 x2 = 5 + ( 2 ) m = 6 m 2 5 x4 = 7 + ( 4 ) = 9.5 m 8
1 25 x3 = 7 + ( 4 ) = m 3 3 Weights: Wi = i gVi
2 W1 = 2400 kg/m3 9.81 m/s 2 ( 5 m )( 8 m )(1 m ) = 627 840 N 3
)(
W2 = 2400 kg/m3 9.81 m/s 2 ( 2 m )( 8 m )(1 m ) = 376 700 N
)(
1 W3 = 2400 kg/m3 9.81 m/s 2 ( 4 m )( 6 m )(1 m ) = 188 352 N 3
)(
2 W4 = 2400 kg/m3 9.81 m/s 2 ( 4 m )( 6 m )(1 m ) = 156 960 N 3 The pressure force P is: 1 1 P = A gh = ( 6 m )(1 m ) 1000 kg/m3 9.81 m/s 2 ( 6 m ) = 176 580 N 2 2
)(
)(
Equilibrium: (a) + Fx = 0:
H 176.580 kN = 0 H = 176.580 kN
+ Fy = 0:
or
H = 176.6 kN
V 627.84 kN 376.70 kN 188.352 kN 156.960 kN = 0 V = 1349.85 kN or

V = 1350 kN !
(b) + M A = 0:
x (1349.85 kN ) ( 3.125 m )( 627.84 kN ) ( 6 m )( 376.70 kN )

25 m (188.352 kN ) ( 9.5 m )(156.960 kN ) + ( 2 m )(176.580 kN ) = 0 3
x = 5.1337 m Thus the point of application of the resultant is: (c) Free-body diagram and force triangle for the water section BCD 5.13 m to the right of A. !
From the force triangle: R=
(176.580 )2 + (156.960 )2
156.960
= 236.26 kN
= tan 1 = 41.634 176.580

or on the face BD of the dam
R = 236 kN
41.6 !

Free-Body Diagram:
Note that valve opens when B = 0. Pressures p1 and p2 at top and bottom of valve:
p1 = 103 kg/m 3 9.81 m/s 2 ( d 0.225 m ) = ( 9810d 2207.3) N/m 2 p2

3 3 2 2
( = (10
)( ) kg/m )( 9.81 m/s ) ( d ) = ( 9810d ) N/m
Force P1 and P2:
P = 1
1 1 p1 A = ( 9810d 2207.3) N/m 2 ( 0.225 m )( 0.225 m ) 2 2
= ( 248.32d 55.872 ) N
P2 = 1 1 p2 A = ( 9810d ) N/m 2 ( 0.225 m )( 0.225 m ) 2 2
= ( 248.32d ) N
+ M A = 0: ( 0.15 0.09 ) m ( 248.32d 55.872 ) N + ( 0.09 0.075 ) m ( 248.32d ) N = 0
d = 300 mm
Thus d = 0.30000 m, or

Free-Body Diagram:
Note that valve opens when B = 0. Pressures p1 and p2 at top and bottom of valve:
p1 = 103 kg/m 3 9.81 m/s 2 ( 0.225 m ) = 2207.3 N/m 2 p2

3 3 2 2
( = (10
)( ) kg/m )( 9.81 m/s ) ( 0.450 m ) = 4414.5 N/m
Force P1 and P2:
P = 1
1 1 p1 A = 2207.3 N/m 2 ( 0.225 m )( 0.225 m ) 2 2
= 55.872 N
P2 = 1 1 p2 A = 4414.5 N/m 2 ( 0.225 m )( 0.225 m ) 2 2
= 111.742 N + M A = 0: ( 0.15 h ) m ( 55.872 N ) + ( h 0.075 ) m (111.742 N ) = 0
Solving for h: h = 0.100 000 m, or

h = 100.0 mm

Since gate is 4 ft wide: p1 = 4 ( h 3)
p2 = 4 h
p1 = 4 ( d 3)
p2 = 4 d
1 1 ( 3 ft ) p1 p1 = ( 3 ft ) 4 ( d 3) 4 ( h 3) = 6 ( d 3) 6 ( h 3) 2 2 1 1 P2 P2 = ( 3 ft ) p2 p2 = ( 3 ft ) [ 4 d 4 h ] = 6 d 6 h 2 2 P P = 1 1
( (
) )
This gives the free-body diagram:
+ M A = 0: or
( 3 ft ) B (1 ft ) ( P1 P1 ) ( 2 ft ) ( P2 P2 ) = 0
B= = 1 2 P P P2 P2 1 1 3 3
) (
1 2 6 ( d 3) 6 ( h 3) [ 6 d 6 h ] 3 3
= 2 ( d 3) 2 ( h 3) + 4 d 4 h or + Fx = 0: B = 6 ( d 1) 6 ( h 1) A + B P P P2 P2 = 0, or using (1) 1 1
A + 6 ( d 1) 6 ( h 1) 6 ( d 3) 6 ( h 3) [ 6 d 6 h ] = 0, or
(1)
) (
A = 6 ( d 2 ) 6 ( h 2 ) Using the given data in (1) and (2): h = 6 ft, d = 9 ft, = 62.4 lb/ft 3 , = 64 lb/ft 3 A = 6 ( 64 )( 9 2 ) 6 ( 62.4 )( 6 2 )
(2)
= 2688 lb 1497.6 lb = 1190.4 lb B = 6 ( 64 )( 9 1) 6 ( 62.4 )( 6 1) = 3072 lb 1872 lb = 1200 lb

A = 1190 lb B = 1200 lb ! !

First, determine the force on the dam face without the silt.
Have
Pw =
1 1 Apw = A ( gh ) 2 2 1 ( 6 m )(1 m ) 103 kg/m 3 9.81 m/s 2 ( 6 m ) 2
)(
= 176.58 kN
Next, determine the force on the dam face with silt.
Have
Pw =
1 ( 4.5 m )(1m ) 103 kg/m 3 9.81 m/s 2 ( 4.5 m ) 2
)(
= 99.326 kN
( Ps )I
= (1.5 m )(1 m ) 103 kg/m 3 9.81 m/s 2 ( 4.5 m )
)(
= 66.218 kN
( Ps )II
1 (1.5 m )(1 m ) 1.76 103 kg/m3 9.81 m/s 2 (1.5 m ) 2
)(
= 19.424 kN
Then
P = Pw + ( Ps )I + ( Ps )II = 184.97 kN
The percentage increase, % inc., is then given by
% inc. =
(184.97 176.58) 100% = 4.7503% P Pw 100% = 176.58 Pw

% inc. = 4.75%
From Problem 5.80, the force on the dam face before the silt is deposited, is Pw = 176.58 kN. The maximum allowable force Pallow on the dam is then: Pallow = 1.5Pw = (1.5 )(176.58 kN ) = 264.87 kN
Next determine the force P on the dam face after a depth d of silt has settled.
Have
Pw =
1 ( 6 d ) m (1 m ) 103 kg/m3 9.81 m/s 2 ( 6 d ) m 2

2
)(
= 4.905 ( 6 d ) kN
( Ps )I
= d (1 m ) 103 kg/m3 9.81 m/s 2 ( 6 d ) m
)(
= 9.81 6d d 2 kN
( Ps )II
1 d (1 m ) 1.76 103 kg/m3 9.81 m/s 2 ( d ) m 2
)(
= 8.6328d 2 kN
P = Pw + ( Ps )I + ( Ps )II = 4.905 36 12d + d 2 + 9.81 6d d 2 + 8.6328d 2 kN = 3.7278d 2 + 176.58 kN
Now required that P = Pallow to determine the maximum value of d.
(3.7278d
+ 176.58 kN = 264.87 kN
or Finally
d = 4.8667 m
4.8667 m = 20 103
m N year
or N = 243 years !
Pressure force from the water on board AB:
1 Api where p1 and p2 are the pressures at the top and bottom of the board: 2 1 kg m P = ( 0.5 m )(1.5 m ) 103 3 9.81 2 ( 0.6 m ) = 2207.3 N 1 2 m s Pi = P2 =
3 kg 1 m ( 0.5 m )(1.5 m ) 10 m3 9.81 s 2 (1 m ) = 3678.8 N 2
Free-Body Diagram:
Ax denotes the force from one piling and is therefore multiplied by two in the free-body diagram. 1 2 + M A = 0: ( 0.3 m ) B + ( 0.5 ) m ( 2207.3 N ) + ( 0.5) m ( 3678.8 N ) = 0, or 3 3 B = 5313.8 N 4 4 + Fx = 0: 2 Ax + ( 2207.3 N ) + ( 3678.8 N ) = 0, or 5 5 Ax = 2354.4 N 3 3 5318.8 N ( 2207.3 N ) ( 3678.8 N ) + Ay = 0, or + Fy = 0: 5 5 Ay = 1782.14 N
Therefore: (a) A x = 2.35 kN

(b) (c)
A y = 1.782 kN ! B = 5.31 kN !
Chapter 5, Solution 83. Pressure force from the water on board AB:
Pi =
P = 1 P2 =
1 Api where p1 and p2 are the pressures at the top and bottom of the board: 2
1 kg m ( 0.5 m )(1.5 m ) 103 3 9.81 2 ( 0.6 m ) = 2207.3 N 2 m s 1 kg m ( 0.5 m )(1.5 m ) 103 3 9.81 2 (1 m ) = 3678.8 N 2 m s
Note that the board can move in two ways: by rotating about A if the rope is pulled upward, and by sliding down at A if the rope is pulled sideways to the left. Case 1 (rotation about A): For minimum tension the rope will be perpendicular to the board. Free-Body Diagram:
+ M A = 0:
1 ( 0.5 m ) TBC + ( 0.5 ) m ( 2207.3 N ) + 3
2 3 ( 0.5 ) m ( 3678.8 N ) = 0, or
TBC = 3188.3 N Case 2 (sliding down at A): When the board is just about to slide down at A, A y = 0.
continued
Free-Body Diagram:
+ M B = 0:
1 ( 0.4 m ) ( 2 Ax ) ( 0.5 ) m ( 3678.8 N ) 3
2 3 ( 0.5 ) m ( 2207.3 N ) = 0, or
2 Ax = 3372.3 N + Fx = 0: TBC 3372.3 + TBC = 1336.58 N Thus: 4 4 ( 2207.3 N ) + ( 3678.8 N ) = 0, or 5 5
( TBC )min
= 1.337 kN

Free-Body Diagram:
Force from water pressure:
1 ApB where A is the rectangular cross sectional area through line BD, and pB is the pressure at 2 point B. Thus 1 1 P = A ( h ) = (16 ft )(10 ft ) 62.4 lb/ft 3 (10 ft ) = 18720.0 lb = 18.72 kips 2 2 1 W = V = 62.4 lb/ft 3 ( 3 ft )( 6 ft )( 6 ft ) = 3369.61 lb = 3.3696 kips 2 Equilibrium: 20 + M A = 0: (18.72 kips ) ft B ( 3 ft ) + ( 3.3696 kips )( 2 ft ) = 0. 3 P
Solving for B:
B = 43.846 kips, or
+ Fx = 0: + Fy = 0:
18.72 kips + Ax = 0, or Ax = 18.7200 kips
B = 43.8 kips
Ay 3.3693 kips + 43.846 kips = 0, or Ay = 40.476 kips

A=
( 18.7200 )2 + ( 40.476 )2
40.476
= 44.595 kips
= tan 1 = 65.180 18.7200
Therefore: A = 44.6 kips
65.2

Consider a 1-in. thick section of the gate and a triangular section BDE of water above the gate Free-Body Diagram:
Pressure force P:
1 1 1 ApB = ( d 1 in.)( d ) = d 2 lb 2 2 2 Weight of water section above gate: P=
4 1 8 WW = VW = d d 1 in. = d 2 lb 2 15 15 For impending motion of gate: B y = 0, and for equilibrium:

+ M a = 0:
2 1 8 4 d 1 2 2 (16 ) d d 6 d = 0, and 3 15 15 3 2 3
d = 27.301 in., or
d = 27.3 in.

Consider a 1-in. thick section of the gate and a triangular section BDE of water above the gate Free-Body Diagram:
Pressure force P:
1 1 1 ApB = ( d 1 in.)( d ) = d 2 lb 2 2 2 Weight of water section above gate: P=
4 1 8 WW = VW = d d 1 in. = d 2 lb 2 15 15 For impending motion of gate: B y = 0, and for equilibrium:

+ M a = 0: 2 1 8 4 d 1 2 2 (16 ) d d (10 h ) d = 0, and 3 3 15 15 3 2
with d = 30 in.
2 1 8 4 2 (16 ) 30 30 3 3 15 15
d 1 2 3 (10 h ) 2 30 = 0, and
h = 2.8444 in., or
h = 2.84 in.

Free-Body Diagram:
W = (125 kg ) 9.81 m/s 2 = 1226.25 N Denoting the water pressure at a depth h by ph, the forces due to the water pressure P1, P2, P3, P4 can be obtained as follows: 1 P1 = ADC p( 0.15 m ) , or with 2
p( 0.15 m ) = 1000 kg/m3 9.81 m/s 2 ( 0.15 m ) = 1471.50 N/m 2
P1
)( ) 1 = ( 0.15 m )(1 m ) (1471.50 N/m ) = 110.363 N 2

2
P2 = ACB p( 0.15 m) , or
P2 = ( 0.6 m )(1 m ) 1471.50 N/m 2 = 882.90 N P3 = 1 ABA p( 0.15 m ) , or 2 1 P3 = ( 0.6 m )(1 m ) 1471.50 N/m 2 = 441.45 N 2 1 P4 = ABA p( 0.75 m ) , or with 2
p( 0.75 m ) = 1000 kg/m3 9.81 m/s 2 ( 0.75 m ) = 7357.5 N/m 2
)(
P4 =
1 ( 0.16 m )(1 m ) 7357.5 N/m 2 = 2207.3 N 2
Now from the free-body diagram: + M A = 0:

(1.2 m ) D + ( 0.6 m )(1226.25 N ) + ( 0.3 m )(1226.25 N )
( 0.6 + 0.05 m ) (110.363 N ) ( 0.3 m )( 882.90 N ) ( 0.4 m )( 441.45 N )
( 0.2 m )( 2207.3 N ) = 0, or
D = 124.149 N, and D = 124.1 N
+ Fx = 0:
Ax + 110.363 N + 441.45 N + 2207.3 N = 0, or

Ax = 2759.1 N
+ Fy = 0:
Ay 3 (1226.25 N ) + 882.90 N = 0, or Ay = 2795.9 N
Then, A=
( 2759.1)2 + ( 2795.9 )2
2795.9 = 45.4 2759.1
= 3930 N, and
= tan 1
Therefore: A = 3930 N
45.4 !

Free-Body Diagram:
W = (125 kg ) 9.81 m/s 2 = 1226.25 N Denoting the water pressure at a depth h by ph, the forces due to the water pressure P1, P2, P3, P4 can be obtained as follows: 1 P1 = ADC p( d 0.6 m ) , or w 2 1 P1 = ( d 0.6 ) m (1 m ) N/m3 ( d 0.6 ) m 2 1 2 = ( d 0.6 ) N 2 where denotes the specific weight of water. In the same way 1 P2 = ACB p( d 0.6 m) , or 2
P2 = ( 0.6 m ) (1 m ) N/m3 ( d 0.6 ) m = 0.6 ( d 0.6 ) N
P3 =
1 ABA p( d 0.6 m ) , or 2 1 P3 = ( 0.6 m ) (1 m ) N/m3 ( d 0.6 ) m 2 = 0.3 ( d 0.6 ) N
1 ABA p( d m ) , or 2 1 P4 = ( 0.6 m ) (1 m ) N/m3 ( d m ) 2 = 0.3 d N P4 =
Now from the free-body diagram: + M A = 0:
( 0.6 m )(1226.25 N ) + ( 0.3 m )(1226.25 N )

1 1 2 0.6 m + ( d 0.6) m ( d 0.6) N ( 0.3 m ) 0.6 ( d 0.6) N 2 3
2 1 ( 0.6 m ) 0.3 ( d 0.6 ) N ( 0.6 m ) 0.3 ( d 0.6 ) N + 0.18 N = 0, or 3 3 1 1103.63 0.036 ( d 0.6 )3 + 0.3 ( d 0.6 )2 + 0.36 ( d 0.6 ) = 6 With = 1000 kg/m3 9.81 m/s 2 = 9810 N/m3 , this gives 1 1103.63 0.036 = 0.076501 ( d 0.6 )3 + 0.3 ( d 0.6 )2 + 0.36 ( d 0.6 ) = 6 9810 N/m3 Solving for d numerically: d = 0.782 m !
)(
Chapter 5, Solution 89. (a)

Free-body diagram for a 24-in. long parabolic section of water: In the free body diagram force P is:
P=
1 1 1 3 24 3 AP = A ( h ) = ft ft 62.4 lb/ft 3 ft = 3.9000 lb 2 2 2 12 12 12 Ww = V
2 4.5 3 24 = 62.4 lb/ft 3 ft ft ft 3 12 12 12 = 7.8000 lb
From the force triangle:
R=
P 2 + Ww 2 =
( 3.9 )2 + ( 7.8)2
= 8.7207 lb
= tan 1
Ww 7.8 = tan 1 = 63.435, or P 3.9
R = 8.72 lb
63.4
(b)
Free-body diagram for a 24-in. long section of the water: From (a) WW = 7.8000 lb From the free-body diagram:
By = 7.8000 lb
+M B = 0:
M B + ( 2.25 1.8 ) in. ( 7.8000 lb ) = 0, or
M B = 3.5100 lb in. Therefore, the force-couple system on the gutter is:
R = 7.8 lb ; M = 3.51 lb in.
Note, for the axes shown

V
y
3
yV
1 2
( R ) ( 2R ) = 2 R
2
2 R 4
2 r3 3
r3 2 R 3 3
3 r 8
1 4 r 4
r4 2 R 4 8
Then
1 R4 r 4 yV 8 Y = = 1 V 3 R r3 3
1 = 1 1 r 8 R 1 r 3 R
4
(a )
r =
3 R: y = 4
1 3 3 4
1 3 1 3 4
or y = 1.118R
1 1 r 8 R
4
(b)
y = 1.2R : 1.2R =
1 r 1 3 R
or
r r 3.2 + 1.6 = 0 R R
r = 0.884 R
Solving numerically

Labeling the two parts of the body as follows:
V 1 2
yV
1 2 2 a h 4 1 a 2h 2 24 7 a 2h 2 24
1 2 a h 2 1 2 a h 6 2 2 a h 3
h 2 h 4
yV Then Y = = V
7 a 2h 2 24 2 a 2h 3
or Y =
7 h 16

Labeling the two parts of the body as follows:
V 1 2
zV
1 2 a h 2 1 2 a h 6 2 2 a h 3
4a 3 a
2 a 3h 3 1 3 ah 6 1 a 3h 2
or Z =
Then Z =
1 a3h zV 2 = 2 a 2h V 3
( (
) )
3a 4
x
1 L 2 L+ 1 h 4
xV
Rectangular prism
Lab
1 2 L ab 2
Pyramid
1 b a h 3 2
1 1 abh L + h 6 4
Then
1 V = ab L + h 6
xV =
1 2 1 ab 3L + h L + h 6 4
Now
X V = xV
so that
1 1 1 X ab L + h = ab 3L2 + hL + h 2 6 6 4
or
1 h 1 h 1 h2 X 1 + = L3 + + 6 L 6 L 4 L2
(1)
(a) X = ? when h = Substituting
1 L 2
h 1 = into Eq. (1) L 2

2 1 1 1 1 11 X 1 + = L 3 + + 6 2 6 2 42
or X =
57 L 104
X = 0.548L
(b)
h = ? when X = L L
Substituting into Eq. (1)

or or
1 h 1 h 1 h2 L 1 + = L3 + + 6 L 6 L 4 L2
1+
1h 1 1h 1 h2 = + + 6L 2 6 L 24 L2 h2 = 12 L2
h =2 3 L

Assume that the machine element is homogeneous so that its center of gravity coincides with the centroid of the volume.
V , mm3
1 2
y , mm
z , mm
yV , mm 4
zV , mm 4 3 307 500
1 664 400
( 60 )(105)(10 ) = 63000
1 2 ( 30 ) (10 ) = 14 137.2 2
5 5
15
52.5
315 000 70 686

405 000 56 706
105 +
4 ( 30 ) 3
=117.732
3 4 5
(15)( 30 )( 60 ) = 27 000
(19 ) (10 ) = 11 341.1
1 2 (19 ) (15 ) = 8505.9 2
84 290
2
30 105 30
810 000
5
30 4 (19 ) 3
1 190 820 255 180

4 335 900
= 21.936
186 585 110 565
Then Y =
yV 110 565 mm = 84 290 V
or Y = 1.312 mm

V , mm3
1 2
z , mm
zV , mm 4
3 307 500 1 664 400
( 60 )(105)(10 ) = 63000
1 2 ( 30 ) (10 ) = 14 137.2 2
105 +
52.5
4 ( 30 ) 3
30
= 117.732
3 4 5
(15)( 30 )( 60 ) = 27 000
(19 ) (10 ) = 11 341.1
1 2 (19 ) (15 ) = 8505.9 2
2
810 000
105 30
1 190 820 255 180

4 335 900
Then Z =
84 290
zV 4 335 900 = mm V 84 290
or Z = 51.4 mm

Assume that the bracket is homogeneous so that its center of gravity coincides with the centroid of the volume.
V , mm3
1 2 3 4
x , mm
xV , mm 4
5 280 000 5 280 000 616 590
(100 )(88)(12 ) =105600 (100 )(12 )(88) = 105600

1 ( 62 )( 51)(10 ) = 15 810 2
50 50 39
1 ( 66 )( 45)(12 ) = 17 820 2
209 190
34 +
2 ( 66 ) = 78 3
1 389 960
9 786 600 or X = 46.8 mm
Then X =
xV 9 786 600 = mm V 209190

Assume that the bracket is homogeneous so that it center of gravity coincides with the centroid of the volume.
V , mm
1 2 3 4 Then Z = zV 5 491 000 = mm V 209 190
z , mm
zV , mm 4
633 600 5 913 600 458 490
(100 )(88)(12 ) = 105600 (100 )(12 )(88) = 105600

1 ( 62 )( 51)(10 ) = 15 810 2 12 + 12 +
1 (88) = 56 2 1 ( 51) = 29 3 2 ( 45) = 85 3
1 ( 66 )( 45)(12 ) = 17 820 2
209 190
55 +
1 514 700
5 491 000
or Z = 26.2 mm

V , in 3
1 2
x , in.
4 2
xV , in 4
77.76 34.02
( 8)( 0.9)( 2.7) = 19.44

1 ( 2.1)( 6)( 2.7) = 17.01 2 1 2 (1.35) ( 0.9) = 2.5765 2
( 0.8 ) ( 0.9 ) = 1.80956 37.217
2
8+
1.8
22.088 14.4765 119.392
4 Then X =
xV 119.392 = in. V 37.217
or X = 3.21 in.

V , in 3
1 2
y , in.
0.45 1.6
yV , in 4
8.748 27.216
( 8)( 0.9)( 2.7) = 19.44

1 ( 2.1)( 6)( 2.7) = 17.01 2 1 2 (1.35) ( 0.9) = 2.5765 2
( 0.8 ) ( 0.9 ) = 1.80956 37.217
2
0.45
1.15943 0.81430 36.309
4 Then Y =
0.45
yV 36.309 = in. V 37.217
or Y = 0.976 in.

Labeling the five parts of the body as follows, and noting that the center of gravity coincides with the centroid of the area due to the uniform thickness.
4 150 z5 = 300 = 236.34, 3

A mm 2 x , mm
A5 =
(150 )2 = 11 250
z , mm
= 35 343
y , mm
xA,106 mm3 yA, 106 mm3 zA, 106 mm3
( 600 )( 400 ) = 240000 ( 300 )( 400 ) = 120000

(120 )( 280 ) = 3360
300
200
72
48
600
200
150 240 150 236.34
72
24
18
600
140
20.160
4.7040
8.0640
( 600 )( 300 ) = 180000

35 343
300
400
54
72
27
240
400
2.7000
4.5
2.6588
28.583
continued
471 057
169.358
125.159
Therefore:
X = Y = Z = xA 169 358 000 = = 359.53 mm 471 057 A yA 125159 000 = = 265.70 mm 471 057 A zA 28 583 000 = = 60.678 mm 471 057 A
or X = 360 mm ! or Y = 266 mm ! or Z = 60.7 mm !

Assume that the body is homogeneous so that its center of gravity coincides with the centroid of the area.
A, in 2
1 2 3
x , in.
1.5 2.25 1.125
y , in.
7 3 1.5
z , in.
0 4 6
xA, in 3
10.125 101.25 12.6563 17.8925
yA, in 3
47.25 135 16.875 0
zA, in 3
0 180 67.5 71.211
1 ( 4.5)( 3) = 6.75 2
( 4.5)(10 ) = 45
( 2.25 )( 5 ) = 11.25 2.25
( 2.25)2 = 7.9522
48.452
2.25
8+
4 ( 2.25 ) 3
116.611
165.375
183.71 1
Then X =
xA 116.611 = in. A 48.452 yA 165.375 = in. A 48.452 zA 183.711 = in. 48.452 A
or X = 2.41 in. or Y = 3.41 in. or Z = 3.79 in.
Y =
Z =

First note that by symmetry: For 1: y = 180 + 96 + 4 (150 ) = 339.7 mm 3
X = 150 mm !
z =0 For 2: y = 180 + z = 2 ( 96 ) 2 ( 96 )
= 241.1 mm
= 61.11 mm
For 3: Length DE =
(180 )2 + ( 96 )2
= 204 mm
y = 90 mm,
z = 48 mm
A, mm 2 1
y , mm
z , mm
yA, mm3
12.005 106
zA, mm3
0
(150 )2 = 35.34 103
339.7
( 96 )( 300 ) = 45.24 103
244.1
61.11
10.907 106
5.508 106 28.420 106
2.765 106
2.938 106 5.702 106
3
Then
( 204 )( 300 ) = 61.2 103 2.25

141.78 103
90
48
Y = Z =
yA 28.420 106 = mm A 141.78 103 zA 5.702 106 = mm A 141.78 103
or Y = 200 mm ! or Y = 40.2 mm !

A, mm 2 1 2 3
x , mm
y , mm
xA, mm3 0 15 377 000
yA, mm3 13 122 000 12 356 600
( 360 )( 270 ) = 97 200 ( 339 )( 270 ) = 91 530

1 ( 339 )( 72 ) = 12 204 2
0 168
135 135
224 168
224 224 224 168
294 306
318 318 294 135
2 733 700 20 783 000

1 731 900 1 731 900 2 733 700 15 377 000 60 468 200
3 588 000 37 854 000

2 458 700 2 458 700 3 588 000 12 356 600 87 782 600
4 5
6 7 8
( 360 )( 343.63) = 123 707

1 ( 343.63)( 45) = 7731.73 2 7731.7 12 204 91 530 443 838
Then X =
Y =
xA 60 468 200 = mm A 443 838 yA 87 782 600 = mm A 443 838
or X = 136.2 mm ! or Y = 197.8 mm !

Assume that the body is homogeneous so that its center of gravity coincides with the centroid of the area. Note that by symmetry X = 9 in.
A, in 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 16.2 16.2 97.2 1017.876 1017.876 706.858 706.858 1017.876 1769.511
y , in. 1.8 1.8 2.7 15.2789 15.2789 12.7324 12.7324 22.9183
z , in. 2 2 0 20.72113 20.72113 23.2676 23.2676 13.08169
yA, in 3 29.16 29.16 262.44 15552 15552 9000 9000 23328 36111.24
zA, in 3 32.4 32.4 0 21091.54 21091.54 16446.9 16446.9 13315.54 22669.6
Therefore
X = 9 in. !
Y =
Z =
yA 36111.24 = A 1769.511
zA 22669.6 = A 1769.511
or Y = 20.4 in. !
or Z = 12.81 in. !

A, in 2
1 2
x , in.
0
y , in.
6
xA, in 3
0
yA, in 3
576
( 8 )(12 ) = 96
(8)( 4 ) = 16
2 ( 4)
10
128 42.667
576 576
160
96
16 3
12
( 4 )2
= 8
4 ( 4) 3
=
6 6
4 5 6
(8)(12 ) = 96 (8)(12 ) = 96
12 8
1152 768
( 4 )2
= 8
4 ( 4) 3
=
6 6
16 3
42.667
288 288 1512.6
64
480 480 4287.4
7 8
( 4 )(12 ) = 48 ( 4 )(12 ) = 48
539.33
10 10
Then
X = Y =
xA 1514.67 = in. or X = 2.81 in. A 539.33 yA 4287.4 = in. or Y = 7.95 in. A 539.33

First, assume that the sheet metal is homogeneous so that the center of gravity of the awning coincides with the centroid of the corresponding area.
yII = yVI = 80 + zII = zVI = yIV = 80 + zIV =
( 4 )( 500 )
3
= 292.2 mm
3 ( 2 )( 500 )
( 4 )( 500 )
= 212.2 mm = 398.3 mm
( 2 )( 500 )

4
= 318.3 mm = 196 350 mm 2
AII = AVI = AIV =
( 500 )2
( 500 )( 680 ) = 534 071 mm 2

zA, mm3
10 106 41.67 106 27.2 106
170 106
A, mm 2
I II III IV V VI
y , mm
z , mm
yA, mm3
1.6 106 57.4 106 0.2176 106
212.7 106
(80)(500) = 40 000
196 350
40 292.2 40 398.3 40 292.2
250 212.2 500 318.3 250 212.2
(80)(680) = 54 400
534 071
(80)(500) = 40 000
196 350
1.6 106 57.4 106 332.9 106
10 106 41.67 106 300.5 106
1.061 106
Now, symmetry implies and
X = 340 mm
Y A = yA: Y 1.061 106 mm 2 = 332.9 106 mm 3 Z A = zA: Z 1.061 10 mm
) = 300.5 10
or Y = 314 mm
6
mm
or Z = 283 mm

A,in 2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
y ,in.
0 1.25 1.25 1.25 0 0 6 6
13 3
z , in.
7 7 0 7 6.5
4 (1.5 ) = 12.36348
yA, in 3
0 43.75 46.875 43.75 0 0 288 288 134.375
zA, in 3
1470 245 0 245
(15)(14 ) = 120
(14)( 2.5) = 35.0 (15)( 2.5) = 37.5 (14)( 2.5) = 35.0

( 5 ) = 78.540
1 2 (1.5 ) = 1.76715 4
2
510.51
21.848
( 4 )(12 ) = 48 ( 4 )(12 ) = 48
235.43
10 10
480 480 1405.79
Then Y =
yA 134.375 = in. A 235.43 zA 1405.79 = in. A 235.43
or Y = 0.571 in.
Z =
or Z = 5.97 in.
X = 7.50 in.
and by symmetry
AB 2 = ( 500 mm ) + ( 750 mm ) + ( 300 mm ) , or
AB = 950 mm L, mm
AB BD DO
OA
x , mm
y , mm
z , mm
xL, mm 2 237.5 103

150 103
yL, mm 2 356.25 103

0 0
zL, mm 2 142.5 103 45 103

0 0
950 300 500 750 2500 Then
250 500 250 0
375 0 0 375
150 150 0 0
125 103
0
281.25 103 637.5 103
512.5 103
187.5 103
X = Y = Z =
xL 512.5 103 = 2500 L yL 637.5 103 = 2500 L zL 187.5 103 = L 2500
or X = 205 mm or Y = 255 mm or Z = 75 mm

Assume that the body is homogeneous so that its center of gravity coincides with the centroid of the line
L, mm
1 2 3 4 300 280 260
x , mm
y , mm
z , mm
xL, mm 2
0 39 200 59 800 54 000
yL, mm 2
45 000 0 0 90 000
zL, mm 2
0 0 31 200 72 000
0 140 230
150 0 0
0 0 120
( 300 ) = 150
1311.24
3 2 300 360 = 5
600
480
153 000
135 000
103 200
Then
X = Y = Z =
xL 153 000 = L 1311.24 yL 135 000 = L 1311.24 zL 103 200 = L 1311.24
or X = 116.7 mm
or Y = 103.0 mm or Z = 78.7 mm

Assume that the body is homogeneous so that its center of gravity coincides with the centroid of the line.
L,ft
1 2 3 4 5 10 10
4
4
x , ft
y ,ft
5 5 12.5465
xL, ft 2
28.284 28.284 0 32 16 104.568
yL,ft 2
50 50 157.664 125.664 78.832 462.16
4cos 45 = 2.8284 4cos 45 = 2.8284

0
2 ( 4)
= =
10 12.5465
2 ( 4)
Then
51.416
X =
xL 104.568 = L 51.416
or
X = 2.03 ft
Y =
and by symmetry:
yL 462.16 = L 51.416
or Y = 8.99 ft

First note by symmetry:
Z = 3.00 ft
To simplify the calculations replace: (a) The two rectangular sides with an element of length
L(a) = 2 2 ( 7 ft ) + 2 ( 5 ft ) = 48 ft
and center of gravity at (3.5 ft, 2.5 ft, 3 ft) (b) The two semicircular members with an element of length
Lb = 2 ( 3 ft ) = 6 ft
23 ft, 3 ft = ( 2 ft, 6.9099 ft, 3 ft ) and with center of gravity at 2 ft, 5 +
(c) The cross members 1 and 2 with an element of length
Lc = 2 ( 6 ft ) = 12 ft
and with center of gravity at ( 2 ft, 5 ft, 3 ft ) (d) This leaves a single straight piece of pipe, labeled (d) in the figure. Now for the centroid of the frame:
L,ft
(a) (b) (c) (d) 48
x , ft
y ,ft
2.5 6.9099 5 5
xL, ft 2
168 37.699 24 42 271.70
yL,ft 2
120 130.249 60 30 340.25
3.5 2 2 7
6 = 18.8496
12 6 85.850
Then
X = Y =
xL 271.70 = L 84.850 yL 340.25 = L 84.850
or
X = 3.20 ft
or Y = 4.01 ft

First, note that symmetry implies
Y =Z =0
xI =
5 2 ( 0.5 in.) = 0.3125 in., WI = 0.0374 lb/in 3 ( 0.5 in )3 = 0.009791 lb 8 3
xII = 1.6 in. + 0.5 in. = 2.1 in. WII = 0.0374 lb/in 3 ( )( 0.5 in ) ( 3.2 in.) = 0.093996 lb
2 xIII = 3.7 in. 1 in. = 2.7 in., WIII = 0.0374 lb/in 3 ( 0.12 in ) ( 2 in.) = 0.000846 lb 4
2 2 xIV = 7.3 in. 2.8 in. = 4.5 in., WIV = 0.284 lb/in 3 ( 0.12 in ) ( 5.6 in ) = 0.017987 lb 4
xV = 7.3 in. +
1 ( 0.4 in.) = 7.4 in., WV = 0.284 lb/in 3 ( 0.06 in )2 ( 0.4 in.) = 0.000428 lb 4 3
W , lb
I II III IV V 0.009791 0.093996
0.000846
x , in.
0.3125 2.1 2.7 4.5 7.4
xW , in lb
0.003060 0.197393
0.002284
0.017987 0.000428 0.12136
0.080942 0.003169 0.28228
Have
X W = xW : X ( 0.12136 lb ) = 0.28228 in. lb
or X = 2.33 in.
Determine first the masses of the component pieces:
m1 = 8800 kg/m3 0.0162 0.0122 m 2 ( 0.014 m ) = 0.0108372 kg 4
) (
m2 = 1250 kg/m 3 0.0362 0.0162 m 2 ( 0.014 m ) = 0.0142942 kg 4
) (
m3 = 1250 kg/m 3 0.0602 0.0362 m 2 ( 0.006 m ) = 0.0135717 kg 4
) (
m4 = 1250 kg/m3 0.0802 0.0602 m 2 ( 0.010 m ) = 0.027489 kg 4
) (
Now, for the center of mass:
m, kg
1 2 3 4 0.0108372 0.0142942 0.0135717 0.027489 0.066192
x , mm
xm, kg mm
0.075860 0.100059 0.040715 0.137445 0.35408
7 7 3 5
Then X =
xm 0.35408 or = 0.066192 m
X = 5.35 mm
Assume that the stone is homogeneous so that its center of gravity coincides with the centroid of the volume and locate the center of gravity. To determine the centroid of the truncated pyramid note that: 3 1 y1 = (1.4 m ) = 1.05 m, and V1 = ( 0.3 m )( 0.3 m )(1.4 m ) = 0.042 m3 4 3
y2 =
3 ( 0.7 m ) = 0.525 m, and 4
V2 =
1 ( 0.15 m )( 0.15 m )( 0.7 m ) = 0.00525 m3 3
Then Vstone = V1 + V2 = 0.042 m3 0.00525 m3 = 0.03675 m3, and

3 3 yV (1.05 m ) 0.042 m + ( 0.525 m ) 0.00525 m y= = V 0.03675 m3
= 1.12500 m The center of gravity of the stone is therefore 0.425 m (i.e. 1.125 m 0.7m) above the base. Now to determine the center of gravity of the marker:
Wstone = ( gV ) stone = 2570 kg/m3 9.81 m/s 2 0.03675 m3 = 926.53 N

Wsteel = ( gV ) steel
3 2
( )( )( ) = ( 7860 kg/m )( 9.81 m/s ) ( 0.3 m )( 0.3 m ) h = ( 6939.6 h ) N

continued
Then ymar ker = yW , or W
0.3 m =
( 0.425 m )( 926.53 N ) + ( h m ) ( 6939.6 h ) N 2 , or ( 926.53 + 6939.6 h ) N
h 2 + 0.6 h 0.033378 = 0. Solving for h and discarding the negative root, this gives h = 0.051252 m, or
h = 50 mm !
Since the brass plates are equally spaced and by the symmetry of the cylinder:
X =Y =0!
For the pipe: Specific weight of steel: s = 0.284 lb/in 3
y1 = 4 in. outside diameter: 2.5 in. Inside diameter: 2.5 in. 2 ( 0.25 in.) = 2.00 in.
Volume: V1 =
( 2.5
2.02 8 = 14.137 in 3
Weight:
W1 = sV1 = 0.284 lb/in 3 14.137 in 3 = 4.015 lb
)(
For each brass plate: Specific weight for brass: B = 0.306 lb/in 3
8 2.667 in. 3 1 Volume: V2 = ( 8 )( 4 )( 0.2 ) = 3.2 in 3 2 y2 =
Weight: W1 = sV1 = 0.306 lb/in 3 3.2 in 3 = 0.979 lb

continued
)(
For flagpole base: W = ( 4.015 lb ) + 3 ( 0.979 lb ) = 6.952 lb

yW = ( 4 in.)( 4.015 lb ) + 3 ( 2.667 in.)( 0.979 lb ) = 23.892 in. lb, or
Y =
yW 23.892 in. lb = = 3.437 in. W 6.952 lb

Y = 3.437 in. !

Choose as the element of volume a disk of radius r and thickness dx. Then dV = r 2dx, xEL = x The equation of the generating curve is x 2 + y 2 = a 2 so that
r 2 = a 2 x 2 and then
Component 1
dV = a 2 x 2 dx
x3 a/2 V1 = 0 a 2 x 2 dx = a 2 x 3 0
a/2
and
a/2 2 2 1 xEL dV = 0 x ( a x ) dx
11 3 a 24
x2 x4 = a 2 4 0 2
a/2
=
Now
7 a4 64
7 11 x1V1 = 1 xEL dV : x1 a3 = a4 24 64
or x1 = Component 2
x3 a V2 = a /2 a 2 x 2 dx = a 2 x 3 a/2
a
21 a! 88
a3 2 a 2 = a ( a ) a 3 2
(a) 2
3
continued
5 a3 24
and
2 xELdV =
a x a/2
x2 x4 a x dx = a 2 4 a/2 2
2 2
2 2 ( a )4 a 2 a 2 (a) 2 = a 2 4 2 9 = a4 64
( )
(a) 2
4
4
Now
9 5 x2V2 = 2 xELdV : x2 a3 = a4 24 64 or x2 = 27 a! 40

Choose as the element of volume a disk of radius r and thickness dx. Then dV = r 2dx, xEL = x The equation of the generating curve is r2 = a2 2 h x 2 and then 2 h x2 y2 + 2 = 1 so that h2 a
dV = Component 1
V1 = 0 =
h/2
a2 2 h x 2 dx 2 h
a2 2 a2 h x 2 dx = 2 h2 h
2 x3 h x 3 0
h/2
11 2 a h 24
and
2 h/2 a xEL dV = 0 x 2 h 2 x 2 dx 1 h
a2 x2 x4 = 2 h2 4 0 h 2 =
h/2
Now
7 a 2h 2 64 7 11 x1V1 = 1 xEL dV : x1 a 2h = a 2h 2 24 64
or x1 =
21 h! 88
continued
Component 2
V2 = h/2
h
a2 2 a2 x3 h x 2 dx = 2 h 2 x 3 h/2 h2 h
3 a 2 2 ( h )3 h 2 h h 2 = 2 h ( h ) 3 2 3 h 5 a 2 h = 24
()
and
h 2 2 2 xELdV = h/2 x h2 ( h x ) dx
a2
a2 h2
2 x2 x4 h 4 h/2 2
2 2 ( h )4 h 2 h a2 2 ( h ) 2 = 2 h 2 4 2 h 9 = a 2h 2 64
( )
(h) 2
4
4
Now
9 5 x2V2 = 2 xEL dV : x2 a 2h = a 2h 2 24 64
or x2 = 27 h! 40

Choose as the element of volume a disk of radius r and thickness dx. Then dV = r 2dx, xEL = x The equation of the generating curve is
x=h
h 2 y so that a2
r2 =
a2 ( h x ) and then h dV = a2 ( h x ) dx h a2 ( h x ) dx h
h/2
Component 1 V1 = 0
h/2
a2 x2 = hx h 2 0 =
and
3 2 a h 8
a2
h/2 1 xELdV = 0 x h ( h x ) dx
a2 = h =
x 2 x3 h 3 0 2
h/2
1 a 2h 2 12
Now
1 3 x1V1 = 1 xEL dV : x1 a 2h = a 2h 2 8 12
or x1 =
continued
2 h! 9
Component 2
V2 = h/2
h
a2 a2 x2 ( h x ) dx = hx 2 h/2 h h
( h )2 h h a2 h ( h ) = 2 2 h 1 = a 2 h 8
and
(h) 2
2
2
a2 a 2 x 2 x3 h 2 xEL dV = h/2 x h ( h x ) dx = h h 2 3 h/2

2 2 ( h )3 h h a2 ( h ) 2 = h 3 2 h 2 1 = a 2h 2 12
( )
(h) 2
Now
x2V2 =
2 2 2 2 xEL dV : x2 8 a h = 12 a h 1 1 or x2 = 2 h! 3
First note that symmetry implies
y = 0!
z = 0!
Choose as the element of volume a disk of radius r and thickness dx. Then
dV = r 2dx, xEL = x
x2 Now r = b1 2 so that a
x2 dV = b 1 2 dx a
Then
V =
a b 2 1 0
2
x2 2x2 x4 a 2 dx = 0 b 2 1 2 + 4 dx a a a
a
2 x3 x5 = b x 2 + 4 3a 5a 0 2 1 = ab 2 1 + 3 5 8 = ab 2 15 and
2x2 x4 a xEL dV = 0 b 2 x 1 2 + 4 dx a a
x2 2x4 x6 = b 2 + 4 2 4a 6a
2 a
continued
1 1 1 = a 2b 2 + 2 2 6
= Then
1 2 2 a b 6
1 8 xV = xEL dV : x ab 2 = a 2b 2 15 16
or x = 15 a! 6

y =0
First, note that symmetry implies
z =0 Choose as the element of volume a disk of radius r and thickness dx. Then dV = r 2dx, xEL = x
Now r = 1
1 so that x
1 dV = 1 dx x 2 1 = 1 + 2 dx x x
2
Then
2 1 1 3 V = 1 1 + 2 dx = x 2 ln x x x x 1 1 1 = 3 2 ln3 1 2 ln 1 3 1 = ( 0.46944 ) m 3
and
x EL dV =
3 x 1
x2 2 1 1 + 2 dx = 2 x + ln x x x 2 1
32 13 = 2 ( 3) + ln 3 2 (1) + ln1 2 2
= (1.09861 ) m
Now
xV = x EL dV : X 0.46944 m 3 = 1.09861 m 4
or x = 2.34 m
First, by symmetry:
x =a! y =0! Next determine the constants k in y = kx1/3 : At

x = a, b = ka1/3 or k = b a1/3
Therefore, y =
b 1/3 a x , or x = 3 y 3 1/3 a b Choosing horizontal disks of thickness dy for volume elements ( dV in the figure above)
2 b V = 0 a 2 ( a x )
= 0 2ax x 2 dy
a a2 b = 0 2a 3 y 3 6 y 6 dy b b
a2 1 1 1 5 = 3 2 y 4 3 y 7 = a 2b 4 7 0 14 b b Now y = 1 yELdV , or V 14 b a 2 3 a 2 6 y= y 2 y b6 y dy 5 a 2b 0 b3
14 y5 1 y8 = 4 2 3 5 5b b 8 0
b
or
y=
77 b! 100

First note that by symmetry:
y =0! z = 0!
Choose as a volume element a disk of radius y and thickness dx. Then:
xEL = x, and dV = y 2dx, or

dV = h 2 cos 2 Using the identity: cos 2 x =
dV = Then:
V = dV =
x
2a
dx
1 (1 + cos 2 x ) , this gives 2

1 2 x h 1 + cos dx. 2 a
h2
x h2 a x 1 2 a 0 1 + cos a dx = 2 x + sin a = 2 h a. 2 0
continued
Also,
xELdV =
=
h2
a 0 x + x cos a 2
a
dx. Integrating by parts,
h2 x2
a a x x + x sin sin 2 2 0 a a 0
h2 a 2
2 2
a a x a x + cos x sin a a 0
h2 a 2
a 2a 1 2 2 4 + 0 0 = a h 1 2 2 2 4
Now, x= 1 2 1 2 2 4 xEL dV = h 2a 4 a h 1 2 , or V x= 1 4 a 1 2 ! 2

First note that by symmetry:
x =0! y =0!
Choosing the volume element shown in the figure, i.e. a cylindrical shell of radius r, height h and thickness dr:
yEL =
1 y, 2
and
dV = 2 ry dr = 2 r cos
dr , and 2a r a V = dV = 2 h 0 r cos dr , or, integrating by parts 2a

V = 2 h 2a r r r sin dr sin 2a 2a 0
a a
r 2a r cos = 4ah r sin + 2a 2a 0
2a 2 2 = 4ah a = 4a h 1 Also,
2 2 yEL dV = h 0 r cos a
r
2a
a
dr =
h2
a r 1 + cos a dr 2 0
a a r r = sin dr r + r sin 2 2 0 a a 0 2
h2 1
continued
h2 1 h2 1
a a r a r + cos a 2 + r sin 2 2 a a 0
2a 1 2 2 4 a 2 a + 0 + 0 = a h 1 2 4 2 2
1 2 2 1 4 a h 1 2 , or 2 4 4a 2 h 1 y=
Now,
y= 1 yEL dV = V
+ 2) h! 16

Choose as the element of a horizontal slice of thickness dy. For any number N of sides, the area of the base of the pyramid is given by
Abase = kb 2
where k = k ( N ) ; see note below. Using similar triangles, have
s h y = b h
or
Then
s=
b (h y) h
b2 2 h y ) dy 2( h
h
dV = Aslicedy = ks 2dy = k
and
V = 0 k =
b2 b2 1 ( h y )2 dy = k 2 ( h y )3 h2 h 3 0
Also
1 2 kb h 3 yEL = y
2 b2 h h b 2 so then y EL dV = 0 y k 2 ( h y ) dy = k 2 0 h 2 y 2hy 2 + y 3 dy h h
2 1 1 2 2 b2 1 kb h = k 2 h 2 y 2 hy 3 + y 4 = 3 4 0 12 h 2
Now
1 2 2 1 yV = y EL dV : y kb 2h = kb h 3 12
or y = 1 h Q.E.D. 4
Note:
1 Abase = N b 2 N = b2 4 tan N = k ( N ) b2
b 2 tan N

Since the spherical cup is uniform, the center of gravity will coincide with the centroid. Also, because the cup is thin, it can be treated like an area in finding the centroid. An element of area is obtained by rotating arc ds about the y axis. With the y axis pointing downwards,
dA = 2 rds = 2 ( R sin ) Rd
= 2 R 2 sin d
yEL = y = R cos
A = dA = 2 R 2 0 sin d = 2 R 2 [ cos ]0 = 2 R 2 (1 cos )
2 3 yEL dA = 0 ( R cos ) ( 2 R sin d ) = 2 R 0 cos sin d

1 = 2 R3 cos 2 = R3 1 cos 2 2 0
Then,
y=
1 1 3 2 yEL dA = 2 R 2 1 cos R 1 cos , or A ( )
y=
Using
R (1 + cos ) 2
Rh h =1 : R R
R h h 1 + 1 = R R 2 2
cos =
y=
The center of gravity is therefore located at a distance of
h h R y = R R = , above the base.(Q.E.D) 2 2

(a) Bowl First note that symmetry implies
x = 0!
z = 0! for the coordinate axes shown below. Now assume that the bowl may be treated as a shell; the center of gravity of the bowl will coincide with the centroid of the shell. For the walls of the bowl, an element of area is obtained by rotating the arc ds about the y axis. Then dAwall = ( 2 R sin )( Rd ) and
Then
( yEL ) wall
/2
= R cos
/2
Awall = /6 2 R 2 sin d = 2 R 2 [ cos ] /6 = 3R 2 ywall Awall = ( yEL )wall dA
and
= /6 ( R cos ) 2 R 2 sin d = R3 cos 2 3 = R3 4 By observation Now

or
/2 /6
/2
Abase =
R2,
ybase =
3 R 2
y A = yA
3 3 y 3R 2 + R 2 = R3 + R 2 R 4 4 4 2
y = 0.48763R R = 350 mm y = 170.7 mm !
or
(b) Punch First note that symmetry implies
x = 0! z = 0! and that because the punch is homogeneous, its center of gravity will coincide with the centroid of the corresponding volume. Choose as the element of volume a disk of radius x and thickness dy. Then dV = x 2dy, yEL = y
continued
Now Then
x2 + y 2 = R2
V =
0
so that
dV = R 2 y 2 dy
R 2 y 2 dy = R 2 y 3/2 R
1 3 y 3
3/2 R
3 3 1 3 3 = R 2 R R = 3R3 2 3 2 8 0
and
yELdV =
y R 2 y 2 ) dy = 3/2 R ( ) (
2
1 2 2 1 4 R y y 4 2
4
3/2 R
1 3 1 3 15 = R 2 = R4 R R 2 2 2 4 64
Now
or
15 3 yV = yEL dV : y 3 R3 = R 4 64 8
y = 5 8 3 R R = 350 mm
y = 126.3 mm !

The centroid can be found by integration. The equation for the bottom of the gravel is: y = a + bx + cz, where the constants a, b, and c can be determined as follows: For x = 0, and z = 0: y = 3 in., and therefore
3 1 ft = a, or a = ft 12 4
For x = 30 ft, and z = 0: y = 5 in., and therefore
5 1 1 ft = ft + b ( 30 ft ) , or b = 12 4 180
For x = 0, and z = 50 ft: y = 6 in., and therefore
6 1 1 ft = ft + c ( 50 ft ) , or c = 12 4 200
Therefore:
1 1 1 y = ft x z 4 180 200
Now
x dV x = EL V
A volume element can be chosen as:
dV = y dxdz,
or
dV =
1 1 1 x+ z dx dz, and 1 + 4 45 50
xEL = x
continued
Then
50 30 xEL dV = 0 0 4 1 + 45 x + 50 z dx dz
1 50 x 2 1 3 z 2 = 0 + x + x dz 4 2 135 100 0
30
= =
1 50 ( 650 + 9 z ) dz 4 0 1 9 2 650 z + 2 z 4 0
50
= 10937.5 ft 4
The volume is: V dV = 0 0

50 30 1
1 1 x+ z dx dz 1 + 4 45 50
30
1 50 1 2 z = 0 x + x + x dz 4 90 50 0
1 50 3 0 40 + 5 z dz 4
50
1 3 2 = 40 z + z 4 10 0
= 687.50 ft 3
Then
x dV 10937.5ft 4 x = EL = = 15.9091 ft V 687.5 ft 3

Therefore:
V = 688 ft 3
x = 15.91 ft
Choosing the element of volume shown, i.e. a filament of sides, y, dx, and dz:
dV = y dx dy, and
z EL = z
x z b a V = dV = 0 0 y0 y1 y2 dx dz a b =
b y x 0 0
x2 zx 1 a b y1 y2 dz = 0 y0a y1a y2 z dz b 0 b 2a 2
b
1 a z2 1 1 = y0az y1az y2 = y0 y1 y2 ab b 2 0 2 2 2
b a zEL dV = 0 0 y0 z y1 a y2 b
xz
z2 dx dz
a
b y zx 0 0
x2 z z2x za z 2a b y1 y2 y2 dz dz = 0 y0 za y1 b 0 b 2a 2
b
z 2a z 2a z 3a 1 1 2 1 = y0 y1 y2 = y0 y1 y2 ab 2 4 3b 0 2 4 3
continued
Now,
z =
1 1 1 1 2 1 zEL dV = y0 y1 y2 ab , or 1 1 2 4 3 V y0 y1 y2 ab 2 2
1 1 1 y0 y1 y2 2 4 3 b z = 1 1 y0 y1 y2 2 2

First note that symmetry implies
x =0
Choose as the element of volume a vertical slice of width 2x, thickness dz, and height y. Then 1 dV = 2 xy dz, yEL = y, zEL = z 2 h h h z Now and y = z = 1 x = a2 z2 2 2a 2 a
So z dV = h a 2 z 2 1 dz a
Then
V = = =
a h 0
z 1 2 1 z a z 1 dz = h z a 2 z 2 + a 2 sin 1 + a z2 a a 3a 2
2 2
3/2
1 2 1 a h sin (1) sin 1 ( 1) 2
a 2h
Then
h z a 1 2 2 yELdV = a 2 2 1 a h a z 1
= h2 a z z2 2 2 a a z 1 2 a + a 2 dz 4
z dz a
continued
h2 4
1 2 2 2 2 2 1 z a z2 z a z + a sin + a 3a 2
3 2
1 z + 2 a2 z 2 a 4
3 2
a2 z 2 a4 z + a z 2 + sin 1 8 8 a a
5h 2a 2 1 1 sin (1) sin ( 1) 32 5h 2a 2 h = ( ) 32
Then
a2 yV = yEL dV : y 2
or y =
z a 2 2 zELdV = a z h a z 1 a dz
1 = h a 2 z 2 3
5 h 16
and
3 2
1 z a 2 z 2 a 4
3 2
a2z 2 a 4 1 z + a z2 + sin 8 8 a
a3h 1 1 sin (1) sin ( 1) 8
a 2h a 3h zV = z EL dV : z = 2 8
or z =
a 4
A, mm 2
1
21 22 = 462
x , mm
1.5
y , mm
xA, mm3
693
yA, mm3
5082
11
2
3
1 ( 6 )( 9 ) = 27 2
1 ( 6 )(12 ) = 36 2
399
6
8
2
2
162 288
567
54 72
4956
Then
X = Y =
xA 567 mm 3 = A 399 mm 2 yA 4956 mm 3 = A 399 mm 2
or X = 1.421 mm or Y = 12.42 mm
and
A, in 2
x , in.
4.5 6.366
y , in.
7.5 16.366
xA, in 3
225 1125
yA, in 3
375 2892
1 2
Then
1 (10)(15) = 50 3
(15)2
= 176.71
226.71
1350
3267
X A = x A
X 226.71 in 2 = 1350 in 3
or X = 5.95 in.
and
Y A = y A
Y 226.71 in 2 = 3267 in 3
or Y = 14.41 in.
First note that because the wire is homogeneous, its center of gravity will coincide with the centroid of the corresponding line.
L, mm
x , mm
6
y , mm
3
xL, mm 2
80.50 192 31.50
yL, mm 2
40.25
1 2
3
122 + 62 = 13.416
16
12
1.5
14 22
224
462
21
16
62 + 92 = 10.817
77.233
4
5
9 4.5
14
3
144
48.67
111.32
224
32.45
982.7
Then
X L = x L
X (77.233 mm) = 111.32 mm 2

and
or X = 1.441 mm
Y L = y L
Y (77.233 mm) = 982.7 mm 2
or Y = 12.72 mm
First note that for equilibrium, the center of gravity of the wire must lie on a vertical line through C. Further, because the wire is homogeneous, its center of gravity will coincide with the centroid of the corresponding line.
Thus M C = 0, which implies that x = 0
or
xi Li = 0
Hence
or
L ( L ) + ( 4 in.)(8 in.) + ( 4 in.)(10 in.) = 0 2

L2 = 144 in 2
or L = 12.00 in.
For the element (EL) shown

At
x = a, y = h : h = ka3
x= a 1/3 y h1/3
or
k =
h a3
Then
Now
dA = xdy
=
xEL =
Then
a 1/3 y dy h1/3
1 1 a 1/3 x= y , yEL = y 2 2 h1/ 3
A = dA = 0
h 0
a 1/3 3 a y dy = y 4/3 4 h1/3 h1/3
( )
=
0
3 ah 4
h
1 a 1/3 a 1/3 1 a 3 5/3 3 2 and xEL dA = y 1/3 y dy = y = a h 1/3 2/3 2h h 2 h 5 0 10

a 3 7/3 3 2 a 1/3 yEL dA = y h1/3 y dy = h1/3 7 y = 7 ah 0
h 0 h
Hence
3 2 3 xA = xEL dA : x ah = a h 4 10
x = y =
2 a 5 4 h 7
3 3 yA = yEL dA: y ah = ah 2 4 7
For
y1 at x = a, y = 2b
2b = ka 2
or k =
2b a2
Then
y1 =
2b 2 x a2
By observation
Now and for 0 x a :
y2 =
b x ( x + 2b) = b 2 a a
xEL = x
yEL =
1 b y1 = 2 x 2 2 a
and
dA = y1dx =
2b 2 x dx a2
For a x 2a :
yEL =
Then
1 b x y2 = 2 2 2 a
A = dA = 0
a
and
x dA = y2dx = b 2 dx a
2b 2 x 2a x dx + a b 2 dx 2 a a
2a
a 2 a 2b x3 x 7 = 2 + b 2 = ab a 2 6 a 3 0 0
and
x a 2b 2 2a xEL dA = 0 x a 2 x dx + a x b 2 a dx
= = =
2 x3 2b x 4 + b x 2 3a 0 a 4 0
2a
1 2 1 2 2 2 3 2a ( a ) a b + b ( 2a ) ( a ) + 3a 2 7 2 ab 6
( )
x x a b 2 2b 2 2a b yEL dA = 0 a 2 x a 2 x dx + 0 2 2 a b 2 a dx
a 3 2b 2 x5 b2 a x = 4 + 2 2 3 a a 5 0 a 17 2 = ab 30 2a
Hence
7 7 xA = xEL dA: x ab = a 2b 6 6 7 17 2 yA = yEL dA: y ab = ab 6 30
x =a
y = 17 b 35

The volume can be generated by rotating the triangle and circular sector shown about the y axis. Applying the second theorem of Pappus-Guldinus and using Fig. 5.8A, we have
V = 2 xA = 2xA = 2 ( x1 A1 + x2 A2 ) 1 1 1 1 3 2R sin 30o o 2 = 2 R R R + cos 30 R 2 3 3 2 2 2 6 6 R3 R3 3 3 3 = 2 + 16 3 2 3 = 8 R = 3 3 3 (12 in.) = 3526.03 in 3 8
Since
1 gal = 231 in 3
V = 3526.03 in 3 = 15.26 gal 231 in 3/gal
V = 15.26 gal
Have
RI = ( 9 ft )( 200 lb/ft ) = 1800 lb RII = 1 ( 3 ft )( 200 lb/ft ) = 300 lb 2
Then
Fx = 0: Ax = 0
M A = 0: ( 4.5 ft )(1800 lb ) (10 ft )( 300 lb ) + ( 9 ft ) B y = 0

or
By = 1233.3 lb
Fy = 0: Ay 1800 lb 300 lb + 1233.3 lb = 0
B = 1233 lb
or
Ay = 866.7 lb
A = 867 lb
Have
RI = RII =
1 ( 4 m )( 2000 kN/m ) = 2667 N 3 1 ( 2 m )(1000 kN/m ) = 666.7 N 3
Then
Fx = 0: Ax = 0 Fy = 0: Ay 2667 N 666.7 N = 0
or
Ay = 3334 N
M A = 0: M A (1 m )( 2667 N ) ( 5.5 m )( 666.7 N )
A = 3.33 kN
or
M A = 6334 N m
M A = 6.33 kN m
Consider the free-body diagram of the side.
Have
Now
P=
1 1 Ap = A ( d ) 2 2
M A = 0:
( 9 ft ) T
d P=0 3
Then, for d max:
( 9 ft ) ( 0.2 ) ( 40 103 lb )
or or
d max 1 3 (12 ft ) ( d max ) 62.4 lb/ft d max = 0 3 2
3 216 103 ft 3 = 374.4 d max 3 d max = 576.92 ft 3
d max = 8.32 ft

First, assume that the machine element is homogeneous so that its center of gravity coincides with the centroid of the corresponding volume.
I II III IV
V , in 3 (4)(3.6)(0.75) = 10.8 (2.4)(2.0)(0.6) = 2.88
x , in.
2.0 3.7 4.2 1.2
y , in.
0.375 1.95 2.15 0.375
xV , in 4
21.6 10.656 1.0688
yV , in 4
4.05 5.616 0.54711
(0.45)2 (0.4) = 0.2545

(0.5) (0.75) = 0.5890 13.3454
2
0.7068
32.618
0.22089
9.9922
Have
X V = x V
X 13.3454 in 3 = 32.618 in 4
or X = 2.44 in.

First, assume that the sheet metal is homogeneous so that the center of gravity of the bracket coincides with the centroid of the corresponding area. Then (see diagram)
zV = 22.5
4 ( 6.25 ) 3
= 19.85 mm AV =
( 6.25)2
= 61.36 mm 2
A, mm 2
I II III IV V
x , mm
y , mm
z , mm
xA, mm3
18 750 18 750 12 937.5
yA, mm3
0
zA, mm3
45 000 22 500
13 500
( 25)( 60) = 1500

(12.5)( 60 ) = 750 ( 7.5)( 60 ) = 450
(12.5 )( 30 ) = 375 61.36
2263.64
12.5 25 28.75 10 10
30 30 30 37.5 19.85
6.25
12.5
4687.5 5625
0 0
10 313
0 0
3750 613.6
46 074
14 062.5 1218.0
65 720
Have
X A = xA
X 2263.64 mm 2 = 46 074 mm 3
or X = 20.4 mm or Y = 4.55 mm
Y A = yA Y 2263.64 mm 2 = 10 313 mm 3
Z A = zA
Z 2263.64 mm 2 = 65 720 mm 3
or Z = 29.0 mm

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COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

xA, mm3 30 000000 24 000 000 21000 000

yA, mm3 6 750 000 18000000 24 750000

200 150 = 30000 400 300 = 120000 150 000

COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

xA, mm3 729 000 2 460 375 3 189 375

1 90 270 = 12 150 2 1 135 270 = 18 225 2

For the whole triangular area by observation:

COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

xA 17828 = in. A 772 yA 18464 = in. A 772

COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

yA, mm3 3 796 900

1 ( 375)( 225) = 42 188 2

xA 1476600 mm = A 81 949 yA 6961 000 mm = A 81 949

COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

4 4.5 4 4.5 = 6.0901 9 = 7.0901 96.857 3 3

COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

xA 1109.32 = in. A 137.06

COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

xA 2109 380 = A 30 925.1

COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

r13 2 4r1 r1 = 3 4 3 2 4r2 2r23 r2 = 3 2 3

4 2r23 r13 4r1 = 3 3 2r22 r12

Solving numerically for and noting that > 1:

COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

Chapter 5, Solution 10.

First, determine the location of the centroid. From Fig. 5.8A:

2 3 r2 r13 cos 3 A = r22 r12 2 2 =

2 3 Y r22 r12 = r2 r13 cos 2 3

2 r23 r13 cos 3 r22 r12 2

COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

Using Figure 5.8B, Y of an arc of radius

( r2 r1 ) r22 + r1 r2 + r12 r23 r13 = r22 r12 ( r2 r1 )( r2 + r1 )

In the limit as 0 (i.e., r1 = r2 ), then

COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

Chapter 5, Solution 11.

COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

Chapter 5, Solution 12.

1 ( 240 )(150 ) = 18 000 2

1 ( 240 )(150 ) = 12 000 3

xA 720000 = mm A 6000 yA 360000 = mm A 6000

COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

Chapter 5, Solution 13.

xA 810.00 = in. 255.82 A yA 171.00 = in. A 255.82

COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

Chapter 5, Solution 14.

(180 )(120 ) = 21 600

( 90 )(120 ) = 8482.3 ( 90 )(120 ) = 8482.3

4 120 = 69.070 3 4 120 = 69.070 3

585 870 585 870

yA 124 260 = 4635.4 A

COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

Chapter 5, Solution 15.

107520 168 731

COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

Chapter 5, Solution 16.

xA, mm3 2 000 000 125 000 1875 000

yA, mm3 1866 690 66 666 1 933 360

2 ( 200 )( 200 ) = 26 667 3 2 (100 )( 50 ) = 3333.3 3

yA 1 933 360 = mm A 23 334

COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

Chapter 5, Solution 17.

yA 580 = = 7.2500 in. A 80