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Climate
Climate refers to the atmospheric conditions at a specific place over a considerable period of time, usually up to 30 and 35 years. Most developed countries are located in the temperate climate zone, between latitudes 23.5N and 66.5N of the Equator and between 23.5S and 66.5S of the Equator. The temperate climate favours development to some extent. Eg. Japan. A mountainous, volcanic island country, most Japanese live in the large metropolitan areas on the coast. They have learnt to live in close proximity to each other and have limited personal space. The climate of Japan is temperate and is suitable for growing many important crops like wheat and rice. People are able to grow crops on a large scale, therefore exports goods in which it has a comparative advantage such as engineering-oriented and industrial products in exchange for the import of raw materials and petroleum. Japan is among the top-three importers for agricultural products in the world in total volume for covering of its own domestic agricultural consumption.
Relief
The small amount of habitable land has prompted significant human modification of the terrain over many centuries. Land was reclaimed from the sea and from river deltas by building dikes and drainage, and rice paddies were built on terraces carved into mountainsides. The process continued over the years with extension of shorelines and building of artificial islands for industrial and port development. Hills and even mountains have been razed to provide flat areas for housing.
As Japan is mostly surrounded by waters, it is one of the worlds leading fisheries. Japan has more than 2,000 fishing ports. Japan also has greatly advanced the techniques of aquaculture or sea farming. In this system, artificial insemination and hatching techniques are used to breed fish and shellfish, which are then released into rivers or seas. These fish and shellfish are caught after they grow bigger. Salmon is raised this way. Rivers are generally steep and swift, and few are suitable for navigation except in their lower reaches. Most rivers rapid flow from the mountains provides a valuable, renewable resource: hydroelectric power generation. Japan's hydroelectric power potential has been exploited almost to capacity. Seasonal variations in flow have led to extensive development of flood control measures