Hydrodynamics Chapter 2b

Spring, 2013
Lawrence Technological University
ECE 3523
2.8 Hydrostatic Forces on a Plane Surface In order to determine the hydrostatic force on a submerged surface, consider the pressure at a point (1) inside the fluid at rest.
Now consider a surface located inside the fluid. The pressure distribution on a surface will depend on the depth distribution of the surface.
Distributed pressure forces therefore act on the submerged inclined surface. These forces may be replaced by a single equivalent resultant force, F.
The resultant force F has: a. Direction this is known, F must be normal to the inclined plate. b. Magnitude this must be determined. c. Point of action this must be determined
The location of F is called the Center of Pressure (CP) and does not coincide with the plates centroid (C).
Chapter 2b Notes.doc
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Spring, 2013
ECE 3523
General Case: Consider a plane inclined surface (top side only) submerged in a static fluid. The total surface area of the top side is A.
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Spring, 2013
ECE 3523
Now we can apply the parallel axis theorem to express Ix as
I x I xc Ayc2
Where Ixc is the second moment of the area with respect to an axis passing through its centroid and parallel to the x axis. Thus,
yR yCP
I xc yc yc A
Geometric properties of some common shapes:
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Spring, 2013
ECE 3523
Example 2-6: A door 1m wide and 1.5m high is located in a plane vertical wall of a water tank. The door is hinged along its upper edge, which is 1m below the water surface. Atmospheric pressure acts on the outer surface of the door. (a) If the pressure at the water surface is atmospheric, what force must be applied at the lower edge of the door in order to keep the door from opening?
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Spring, 2013
ECE 3523
Example 2-7 (Example 2.4 in book) The 4m diameter circular gate of the figure on page 46 in the text is located in the inclined wall of a large reservoir containing water. The gate is mounted on a shaft along its horizontal diameter. For a water depth of 10m above the shaft determine (a) the magnitude and location of the resultant force exerted on the gate by the water and (b) the moment that would have to be applied to the shaft to open the gate.
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Spring, 2013
ECE 3523
Section 2.10 Hydrostatic Force on a Curved Surface
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Spring, 2013
ECE 3523
Example 2-8: Find the magnitude and line of action of the hydrostatic force acting on the curved surface. The liquid is water, and the wall and curved surface is 10 m wide.
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Spring, 2013
ECE 3523
Section 2.11 Buoyancy, Flotation, and Stability Buoyant force is the resultant force exerted on a body by a static fluid in which it is submerged or floating.
Consider the following two diagrams:
F VABCD W
F Vabcd W
For the first drawing the force on the surface AB equals the weight of the liquid above the surface, and the arrow indicates that the force acts downward. For the second drawing, the force acting on ab is equal to the weight of liquid that would fill a volume that extends from the curved surface to the free surface of the liquid.
Now consider a submerged object:
The net horizontal component of the force exerted on a body by a static fluid which it is submerged or floating is zero. Therefore, the buoyant force must act vertically
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Spring, 2013
ECE 3523
Now consider the vertical forces only for a body completely submerged in one fluid.
Hence, the net force or buoyant force FB is equal to the weight of liquid that would be needed to occupy the volume of the body. In other words,
THE BUOYANT FORCE IS EQUAL TO THE WEIGHT OF WATER DISPLACED.
What about a partially submerged body (floating body)?
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Spring, 2013
ECE 3523
Notes: a. The buoyant force (FB) on a submerged body is the difference between forces on the lower (FL) and the upper (FU) surfaces, because FU and FL are opposite in direction b. Each force (FL and FU) can be measured as the weight of liquid projected up to the free surface. c. In the case of pressure at the free surface, the additional equivalent height of fluid is added to the water column. d. In summing the forces, everything cancels except for an upward force (FB) equal to othe weight of the fluid displaced by the body. This is the well known Archimedes Principle. e. The point of action of the buoyant force (FB) is called the Center of Buoyancy (CB). f. If the body is completely submerged in one fluid then CB will coincide with the centroid of the volume of the body. g. In the case of a floating body, such as a ship on water we can state that CB will coincide with the centroid of the displaced volume.
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Spring, 2013
ECE 3523
Example 2-10:
How deep would the block (object 1) sink if the mass (object 2) were not attached? Also find the mass of object #2 and the tension in the string.
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Hydrodynamics Chapter 2b

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Hydrodynamics Chapter 2b

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Spring, 2013

Lawrence Technological University

Lawrence Technological University

Lawrence Technological University

Now we can apply the parallel axis theorem to express Ix as

Geometric properties of some common shapes:

Lawrence Technological University

Lawrence Technological University

Lawrence Technological University

Section 2.10 Hydrostatic Force on a Curved Surface

Lawrence Technological University

Lawrence Technological University

Consider the following two diagrams:

Now consider a submerged object:

Lawrence Technological University

THE BUOYANT FORCE IS EQUAL TO THE WEIGHT OF WATER DISPLACED.

What about a partially submerged body (floating body)?

Lawrence Technological University

Lawrence Technological University

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