Grammar

Workbook Parsing

Semester 1 Year 1 Department : English VO/BVE

Original edition : Peta Eisberg Revised edition : Aad Sinke (August 2012) Hogeschool van Amsterdam 2012-2013

Workbook parsing
Verbs .................................................................................................................... 3 Nouns ................................................................................................................. 12 Articles, pronouns/determiners ........................................................................... 15 Adjectives / adverbs ............................................................................................ 18 All word classes .................................................................................................. 20

Verbs
exercise 1 Underline/find the verbs: 1. My brothers are playing football in the garden. 2. Did your manager tell you this? 3. Yesterday the dogs barked all night long. 4. Shouldnt you tell her about your decision? 5. I have been waiting here for ever! 6. She might not have heard the news. 7. Thomas likes chocolate. 8. The windows were probably broken by those nasty boys. 9. My sister was having a bath when the lights all went out. 10. I think she would like to come to the party. Exercise 2 Label the verbs: main verb or auxiliary? Primary auxiliary or modal auxiliary? 1. My brothers are playing football in the garden. Are = Playing = 2. Did your manager tell you this? Did = Tell = 3. Yesterday the dogs barked all night long. Barked = 4. Shouldnt you tell her about your decision? Should = Tell = 5. I have been waiting here for ever! Have = Been = Waiting =

6. She might not have heard the news. Might = Have = Heard = 7. Thomas likes chocolate. Likes = 8. The windows were probably broken by those nasty boys. Were =. Broken = 9. My sister was having a bath when the lights all went out. (NB: there are 2 predicates in these sentences; 1 in the main sentence, 1 in the sub clause) Was =. Having = Went = 10. I think she would like to come to the party. (NB: there are 2 predicates in these sentences; 1 in the main sentence, 1 in the sub clause + there is an infinitive (to come) in the DO) Think = Would = Like = Come =

exercise 3 Label the verbs: finite or non-finite? 1. My brothers are playing football in the garden. Are = Playing = 2. Did your manager tell you this? Did = Tell = 3. Yesterday the dogs barked all night long. Barked = 4. Shouldnt you tell her about your decision? Should = Tell = 5. I have been waiting here for ever! Have = Been = Waiting =

11. She might not have heard the news. Might = Have = Heard = 12. Thomas likes chocolate. Likes = 13. The windows were probably broken by those nasty boys. Were = Broken = 14. My sister was having a bath when the lights all went out. Was = Having = Went = 15. I think she would like to come to the party. Think = Would = Like = Come =

Exercise 4 Please, label all the main verbs in the Predicates in these sentences as intransitive or transitive and try to indicate the subcategories. These are sentences taken form the analysis workbook. S P DO OC Ramsay MacDonald / appointed / him / Secretary of State for India. / appointed = S P DO (A) Nobody / said / a thing / except that one or two asked me if I was better. / said = (A) S P Whether I agreed or not,/ the search / would take place./ take place = S P DO OC They / consider / him / an embarrassment./ consider =

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S P SC The quarrel of the night before / seemed / forgotten. / seemed = S P SC He / was / the cleverest man I ever knew./ was = S P SC The most favoured explanation / was / that he was finally getting tired./ was = S P DO OC The emperor / wore / his hair / rather short./ wore = S P DO (A) She / wanted / someone to talk to / as badly as I did./ wanted = (A) S P DO Stupid as it sounds, /I / believed / her./ believed = S P DO The techniques employed / demonstrate / the rapid advance of the goldsmiths

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131 art./

demonstrate = (A) S P IO DO If anybody has asked me, / I /could have told / them /what happened. / told = (A) S P ( Shortly after shooting,/ the man who had done it / was arrested. / ) (passive sentence!) arrested = S P SC What I need / is / a lawyer./ is =

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(A) S P DO When he stopped,/ no one /said / anything./ said = S P DO (A) (A) I / thanked / him / again, / even more heartily than before./ thanked = (A) S P Out on the quiet surface of the river, / something / moved. / moved = S P IO DO They / gave / me / piddling little jobs to do./ gave = (A) S P (A) After Waterloo, / trade and industry / surged / again. / surged = P DO OC Leave / the door / open. Leave =

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Exercise 5 Step 1: analyse these sentences. Step 2: label the verbs in the predicate: Indicate whether they are main verb or auxiliary, them sub label them (primary aux/modal aux, transitive/ intransitive, etc) Step 3: indicate for these verbs whether they have the finite or non-finite form. 1. My nephew is a stupid boy. 2. Yesterday he stole some toys. 3. He told me the story. 4. He was laughing all the time. 5. He thought it was very funny. 6. He didnt know his father heard the story.

7. His father called him a thief. 8. His father will punish him. 9. So, my nephew will be sitting in his room for the rest of the afternoon. Exercise 6

The verbs
1. Select TWO terms from the list below that you think apply to the underlined word. By next week the students should have finished their Portfolios. Intransitive Main Transitive Linking verb Modal auxiliary 2. Select TWO terms from the list below that you think apply to the underlined word. By next week the students should have finished their Portfolios. Auxiliary Finite Modal Intransitive Linking verb Transitive Non-finite 3. Select TWO terms from the list below that you think apply to the underlined word. By next week the students should have finished their Portfolios. Intransitive finite Non-finite Transitive Linking verb Modal auxiliary

4. Select TWO terms from the list below that you think apply to the underlined word. How could they do that to you? Auxiliary Main Modal Intransitive Linking verb Transitive 5. Select TWO terms from the list below that you think apply to the underlined word. How could they do that to you? Intransitive finite Non-finite Transitive Linking verb Modal auxiliary 6. Select TWO terms from the list below that you think apply to the underlined word. It never became clear why the murderer didnt wipe away his fingerprints. Auxiliary Finite Modal Intransitive Linking verb Transitive Non-finite 7. Select TWO terms from the list below that you think apply to the underlined word. Graham thought he was invincible. Intransitive finite Non-finite Transitive Linking verb Modal auxiliary

8. Select TWO terms from the list below that you think apply to the underlined word. Graham thought he was invincible. Intransitive finite Non-finite Transitive Linking verb Modal auxiliary 9. Select TWO terms from the list below that you think apply to the underlined word. Did he disturb an intruder? Auxiliary Finite Modal Intransitive Linking verb Transitive Non-finite 10. Select TWO terms from the list below that you think apply to the underlined word. Did he disturb an intruder? Intransitive finite Non-finite Transitive Linking verb Modal auxiliary 11. Select TWO terms from the list below that you think apply to the underlined word. Martin was waiting for the right moment to say, Ive just spent a drugged night in a hotel with a man who had a gun. Intransitive finite Non-finite Transitive Linking verb Modal auxiliary

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12. Select TWO terms from the list below that you think apply to the underlined word. Martin was waiting for the right moment to say, Ive just spent a drugged night in a hotel with a man who had a gun Auxiliary Finite Modal Intransitive Linking verb Transitive Non-finite 13. Select TWO terms from the list below that you think apply to the underlined word. Martin was waiting for the right moment to say, Ive just spent a drugged night in a hotel with a man who had a gun Auxiliary Finite Modal Intransitive Linking verb Transitive Non-finite 14. Select TWO terms from the list below that you think apply to the underlined word. The only thing Martin could think of was his watch that had disappeared the day before yesterday. Intransitive Main Transitive Linking verb Modal auxiliary 15. Select TWO terms from the list below that you think apply to the underlined word. The only thing Martin could think of was his watch that had disappeared the day before yesterday. Intransitive finite Non-finite Main verb Linking verb Modal auxiliary

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16. Select the correct label for the underlined word. The only thing Martin could think of was his watch that had disappeared the day before yesterday. Intransitive finite Non-finite Main verb Linking verb Modal auxiliary

Nouns
Exercise 1: Find and underline all the nouns in these sentences. 1. Peter has grown a moustache. 2. The police took him to the nearest police station. 3. The money had vanished mysteriously. 4. Their supplies were getting less. 5. Could you call grandma a taxi. 6. The moon rose. 7. He writes poetry. 8. My family have decided to move to York. 9. Can you give me some more cake? 10. If you are going to America, you will need a visa. 11. Mrs Wakefield was closely examining the stone arch that framed the doorway into the dining room. 12. The nurse washed me with cold water. 13. These bricks are still made as they were in the fourth century. 14. Many cattle are suffering from a disease called BSE. 15. Too many people still smoke.

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16. Increasing prices are making food very expensive. 17. The government have decided that they will do it. 18. I taught Peters children French. 19. His shirt tails were outside his trousers. 20. The story contained some truth.

Exercise 2 Label the nouns in bold type. Add as much information as you can. The aim of the exercise is to familiarise you with the various types of noun. Check with a dictionary; make sure you understand the meaning of the noun in the context below. 1 Peter has grown a moustache. Peter = Moustache = 2 The police took him to the nearest police station. police = police station = 3 The money had vanished mysteriously. money = 4 Their supplies were getting less. supplies = 5 Could you call grandma a taxi. grandma = taxi = 6 The moon rose. moon = 7 He writes poetry. poetry =

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8 My family have decided to move to York. family = York = 9 Can you give me some more cake? cake = 10 If you are going to America, you will need a visa. America = visa = 11 Mrs Wakefield was closely examining the stone arch that framed the doorway into the dining room. Mrs Wakefield = arch = doorway = dining room = 12 The nurse washed me with cold water. nurse = water = 13 These bricks are still made as they were in the fourth century. bricks = century = 14 Many cattle are suffering from a disease called BSE. cattle = disease = BSE = 15 Too many people still smoke. people = 16 Increasing prices are making food very expensive. prices = food = 17 The government have decided that they will do it. government =

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18 I taught Peters children French. Peter = children = French = 19 His shirt tails were outside his trousers. shirt tails = trousers = 20 The story contained some truth. story = truth =

Articles, pronouns/determiners
Exercise 1

Types of Pronouns: Pronoun Type Personal Possessive Members of the Subclass

I, you, he,she, it, we, they, me, him, her, them, us mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, oneself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves that, which, who, whose, whom, where, when this, that, these, those who, what, why, where, when, whatever anything, anybody, anyone, something, somebody, someone, nothing, nobody, none, no one, each other, one another

Example
They should watch less television The white car is mine

Reflexive Relative Demonstrative Interrogative Indefinite

He injured himself playing football

The book that you gave me was really boring This is a new car What did he say to you?

There's something in my shoe

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In each of the following sentences a pronoun has been highlighted. What type of pronoun is it?
Personal Reflexive Possessive Relative Indefinite Interrogative Demonstrative Personal Reflexive Possessive Relative Indefinite Interrogative Demonstrative Personal Reflexive Possessive Relative Indefinite Interrogative Demonstrative Personal Reflexive Possessive Relative Indefinite Interrogative Demonstrative Personal Reflexive Possessive Relative Indefinite Interrogative Demonstrative Personal Reflexive

1. Let's contact one another once we've made some progress.

2. She wants to do it herself.

3. I can't find them.

4. I can't believe it's finally ours.

5. The girl who usually cuts my hair has won the lottery.

6. He wants to go to Scarborough.

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Possessive Relative Indefinite Interrogative Demonstrative Personal Reflexive Possessive Relative Indefinite Interrogative Demonstrative Personal Reflexive Possessive Relative Indefinite Interrogative Demonstrative Personal Reflexive Possessive Relative Indefinite Interrogative Demonstrative Personal Reflexive Possessive Relative Indefinite Interrogative Demonstrative Personal Reflexive Possessive Relative Indefinite Interrogative Demonstrative Personal Reflexive Possessive

7. Why are you shouting at me?

8. Jim gave me the last copy.

9. Nobody said a word all night.

10. This is the last time I will tell you.

11. Has he lost his book again?

12. The cinema where we met, burned down last week.

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Relative Indefinite Interrogative Demonstrative

Exercise 2 Find (underline) all the articles, pronouns/determiners and label them. (see p. 33 37 in your reader) I saw a man walking down the road. He seemed to be looking for his keys. Or maybe his glasses. He appeared to be talking to himself. A woman stopped to help him, but the man didnt see her. That confirmed my idea that he was looking for his glasses. What other thing could he be looking for? Now they were both searching the pavement. Neither spoke. Several minutes passed, during which time it remained silent. Finally, the woman found a pairs of glasses and asked; are these your glasses? The man replied: I dont know, I cant see them ..

Adjectives / adverbs
Exercise 1 Step 1: Underline the adjectives. Step 2: Are they used in a attributive or predicative position? 1. The new secretary doesnt like her bossy colleague. 2. That dress is new, isnt it? 3. Nurses take care of sick people in a careful way. 4. I think hes feeling well. 5. The old woman upstairs is making an awful noise. 6. Send all the tickets available to the German students. 7. This fish is still alive. 8. My sister is tall and slim and she has black hair. 9. These crazy guys paid me an unexpected visit. 10. The careful teacher keeps her room very tidy.

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Exercise 2 Find the adverbs: 1. Fortunately, he always drives very carefully. 2. We never like to work hard. 3. Luckily, we found the answer really quickly. 4. Yesterday, they decided to stay here. 5. I feel really bad about the horrible accident that happened yesterday. 6. Of course, Ill probably take my health more seriously. 7. Frankly dear, I dont give a damn. 8. Unfortunately, my brother completely forgot my birthday. 9. I rarely eat desserts nowadays. 10. He will be home soon if he runs quickly. Exercise 3 Find the adjectives and adverbs. Are the adjectives used in an attributive or predicative position? 1. His elder sister is a really nice girl. (AmE: a real nice girl) 2. Harry painstakingly counted out all the different coins and arranged them neatly into piles. 3. Although economically successful, the government is slowly starting to lose popularity. 4. Youve obviously never seen anything this spectacular. 5. Naturally, wild animals behave quite differently in captivity. 6. This devastating news came as quite a shock. 7. I thought his answers were pretty good on the whole. 8. You can just see the coast from his old house.

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All word classes

Exercise 1: Label the underlined words. He didnt really care about his cholesterol and his blood pressure, he would be happy to die of a stroke or a heart attack. Strokes dont necessarily kill you, Dad, Jennifer emailed crossly from Toronto. Theyre more likely to leave you incapacitated. Is that what you want? Perhaps she was afraid she would have to look after him, but he would never do that to her as far as Theo was concerned the parent-child relationship was one way, you gave them all your love and they were under no obligation to pay a penny back. Of course, if they did love you then that was the icing on the cake with cherries on top. And chocolate shavings and those little silver balls that cracked your fillings. Laura used to love those.
From: Kate Atkinson, Case Histories 2004

1. Did = 2. About = 3. Would = 4. A = 5. Crossly = 6. Toronto = 7. Leave = 8. Afraid = 9. But = 10. Her = 11. Was = 12. One = 13. Gave = 14. Your = 15. Little = 16. Those =

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Exercise 2

Parsing:
1. Select TWO terms from the list below that you think apply to the underlined word. By tomorrow they will have made up their mind. Intransitive Main Transitive Linking verb Modal auxiliary 2. Select TWO terms from the list below that you think apply to the underlined word. By tomorrow they will have made up their mind. Personal Possessive Adjective Pronoun Relative Demonstrative Adverb Interrogative Verb indefinite preposition noun 3. Select TWO terms from the list below that you think apply to the underlined word. By tomorrow they will have made up their mind. Auxiliary Finite Modal Intransitive Linking verb Transitive Non-finite

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4. Select the correct label for the underlined word. By tomorrow they will have made up their mind. preposition Verb Pronoun Adjective Adverb Conjunction noun 5. Select TWO terms from the list below that you think apply to the underlined word. The policemen were investigating the murder. Intransitive finite Non-finite Transitive Linking verb Modal auxiliary 6. Select the correct label for the underlined word. They were late for school and decided to take the bus. preposition Verb Pronoun Adjective Adverb Conjunction noun 7. Select TWO terms from the list below that you think apply to the underlined word. The frightened little girl was crying silently. Intransitive finite Non-finite Transitive Linking verb Modal auxiliary

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8. Select TWO terms from the list below that you think apply to the underlined word. We need to clean those windows today. Personal Possessive Adjective Pronoun Relative Demonstrative Adverb Interrogative Verb indefinite preposition noun 9. Select TWO terms from the list below that you think apply to the underlined word. My mother will be sixty-two tomorrow. Intransitive finite Non-finite Main verb Linking verb Modal auxiliary 10. Select TWO terms from the list below that you think apply to the underlined word. The students wanted to know what they needed to do in order to pass the test. Personal Possessive Adjective Pronoun Relative Demonstrative Adverb Interrogative Verb indefinite preposition noun

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11. Select the correct label for the underlined word. His children had organized a wonderful birthday party for him. preposition Verb Pronoun Adjective Adverb Conjunction noun

12. Select TWO terms from the list below that you think apply to the underlined word. After the divorce he hardly had any good friends left. any: Personal Possessive Adjective Pronoun Relative Demonstrative Adverb Interrogative Verb indefinite preposition noun 13. Select the correct label for the underlined word. He could clearly see that all the windows were broken. preposition Verb Pronoun Adjective Adverb Conjunction noun

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14. Select the correct label for the underlined word. He could clearly see that all the windows were dirty. preposition Verb Pronoun Adjective Adverb Conjunction noun 15. Select TWO terms from the list below that you think apply to the underlined word. He never thought she would take his remark so seriously. He: Personal Possessive Adjective Pronoun Relative Demonstrative Adverb Interrogative Verb indefinite preposition noun his: Personal Possessive Adjective Pronoun Relative Demonstrative Adverb Interrogative Verb indefinite preposition noun

16. Select TWO terms from the list below that you think apply to the underlined word. This is the man whom Ive been waiting for all my life. This: Personal Possessive Adjective Pronoun Relative Demonstrative Adverb Interrogative Verb indefinite preposition noun whom: Personal Possessive Adjective Pronoun Relative Demonstrative Adverb Interrogative Verb indefinite preposition noun my: Personal Possessive Adjective Pronoun Relative Demonstrative Adverb Interrogative Verb indefinite preposition noun

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Notes:

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