Homework Set 9 Problem 1 Find: Determine the first 10 natural frequencies.

Solution: Element type used: Beam (B31: A 2-node linear beam in space.) Material Properties: Steel. Youngs Modulus (E) = 210x109 N/m2, Poissons Ratio = 0.29. Steel density = 7800 kg/m3 All the dimensions were introduced in meters (m). N of elements N of Nodes Model3D 140 133

Restraints were applied as is shown in Figure 1.1. Fixed support (translations and rotations are restrained)

Figure 1.1. FE Model 3D

Results: Mode N 1 2 3 Modes (Eigenvalues) 69.3076 218.55 451.254 Frequencies [cycles/sec] 1.32498 2.35286 3.38089 1

4 5 6 7 8 9 10

696.007 1.16396E+03 1.73013E+03 2.37023E+03 3.64572E+03 3.84421E+03 4.19053E+03

4.19882 5.42986 6.62003 7.74846 9.60974 9.86787 10.3028

Actives DOF = 133*6 4*6 = 774. This result implies that it can be obtained 70 frequencies with a high degree of accuracy. (Using the ratio 10:1)

Problem 2 Given: The Aluminum bracket, shown in Figure 2.1, is 5mm thick and is clamped at two ends (vertical right edge and horizontal bottom edge). Find: Compare the first 5 fundamental frequencies of the structure using planar and shell elements. Comment on any discrepancies between the results of the two models.

Figure 2.1. Aluminum Bracket

Solution: Element types used: CPS4: A 4-node bilinear plane stress quadrilateral. (2D representation) C3D8: An 8-node linear brick. (3D Solid) S4: A 4-node doubly curved general-purpose shell, finite membrane strains. (3D Shell) Material Properties: Aluminum. Youngs Modulus (E) = 70x103 N/mm2, = 0.33. Aluminum density = 2.7x10-6 kg/mm3 All the dimensions were introduced in millimeters (mm). Restraints were applied as is shown in Figure 2.2. Fixed support (translations and rotations are restrained)

(a) 2D representation

(b) 3D representation

Figure 2.2. Aluminum Bracket restraints

Number of nodes and element: N of elements N of Nodes Results: Table 1. Modes and Frequencies
Element CPS4 (Plane Stress) Modes Frequencies (Eigenvalues) [cycles/sec] 20.5605E+06 721.668 25.0292E+06 796.24 41.2062E+06 1.02165E+03 96.1187E+06 1.56036E+03 157.982E+06 2.00043E+03 Element C3D8 (Solid 3D) Modes Frequencies (Eigenvalues) [cycles/sec] 534.474E+03 116.355 5.01956E+06 356.577 9.02051E+06 478.009 20.9506E+06 728.482 22.5963E+06 756.551 Element S4 (Shell 3D) Modes Frequencies (Eigenvalues) [cycles/sec] 507.747E+03 113.408 4.79669E+06 348.571 8.98531E+06 477.075 20.2717E+06 716.581 21.973E+06 746.045

Type of element CPS4 C3D8 S4 367 344 384 427 636 444

Mode N 1 2 3 4 5

Modes using CPS4 element. (Plane stress)

Modes using C3D8 element. (3D Solid)

Modes using S4 element. (Shell)