Unidad IV.

Ciclos termodinmicos
Ej 5) En un ciclo dual de aire (tomar cono nitrgeno) se tiene una relacin de compresin de 9. Las
condiciones iniciales antes de la compresin son T:300K y P:1atm. El calor adicionado por unidad
de masa de aire es 400 KJ/Kg, una mitad a volumen constante y la otra mitad a presin constante.
Determine:
a) Las temperaturas finales de cada proceso de adicin de calor.
b) El trabajo neto del ciclo por unidad de masa de aire KJ/Kg.
c) La eficiencia trmica.
Datos del compuesto:
T
c
126.2K := P
c
33.9bar := V
c
89.8
cm
3
mol
:= 0.039 := Z
c
0.290 :=
CPA 3.115 10
1
:= CPB 1.357 10
2
:= CPC 2.680 10
5
:= CPD 1.168 10
8
:=
T
r
T ( )
T
T
c
:= R
g
0.082
atm L
mol K
:= T
0
298K := P
0
1atm :=
Ecuacin de Presion para gases:
a 0.42748
R
g
T
c

( )
2
P
c
:= b 0.08664
R
g
T
c

P
c
:=
T ( )
a
T
r
T ( )
0.5
:= b := b := 0 :=
P
rk
T V , ( )
R
g
T
V b
T ( ) V ( )
V b ( ) V
2
V + +
( )

:=
Ecuacin de Volumen gas saturado:
B
1
T P , ( )
b P
R
g
T
:=
1
T P , ( )
P
R
g
T
:=
1
T P , ( )
T ( ) P
R
g
T
( )
2
:=

1
T P , ( )
P
R
g
T
|

\
|
|
.
2
:=
1
T P , ( )
P
R
g
T
:=
RM Z ( ) k 1
Res
k
Z
i

k k 1 +
Im Z
i
( )
0 = if
i 1 3 .. e for
Z max Res ( )
Z
|

\
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.
:=
Z T P , ( ) polyroots

1
T P , ( ) B
1
T P , ( ) 1 +
( )

1
T P , ( )
1
T P , ( ) +

1
T P , ( )
1
T P , ( ) +
1
T P , ( ) B
1
T P , ( ) 1 +
( )

1
T P , ( ) B
1
T P , ( ) 1
1

(
(
(
(
(
(

(
(
(
(
(
(

:=
V
G
T P , ( )
RM Z T P , ( ) ( ) R
g
T
P
:=
Ecuacin de Cp para gas:
C
p
T ( ) CPA CPB
T
K
+ CPC
T
K
|

\
|
|
.
2
+ CPD
T
K
|

\
|
|
.
3
+

(
(

J
mol K
:=
C
p
300K ( ) 29.176
m
2
kg
mol K s
2

=
C
p
T V , ( ) C
p
T ( ) R
g
T
V
1000000
cm
3
mol
V
2
T
P
rk
T V , ( )
d
d
2
(
(
(
(
]
d T
T
P
rk
T V , ( )
d
d
|

\
|
|
.
2
V
P
rk
T V , ( )
d
d
|

\
|
|
.
:=
Ecuacin de S:
dP
T
T V , ( )
T
P
rk
T V , ( )
d
d
:= dP
V
T V , ( )
V
P
rk
T V , ( )
d
d
:=
S T P , ( )
T
0
T
T
C
p
T V
G
T P
0
,
( )
,
( )
T
(
(
(
(
]
d
P
0
P
P
dP
T
T V
G
T P , ( ) ,
( )
dP
V
T V
G
T P , ( ) ,
( )
(
(
(
(
]
d + :=
Ecuacin de H:
H T P , ( )
T
0
T
T C
p
T V
G
T P
0
,
( )
,
( )
(
(
(
]
d
P
0
P
P T
dP
T
T V
G
T P , ( ) ,
( )
dP
V
T V
G
T P , ( ) ,
( )
V
G
T P , ( ) +
(
(
(
(
]
d + :=
Ecuacin de E:
E T P , ( )
T
0
T
T C
p
T V
G
T P
0
,
( )
,
( )
P
0
dP
T
T V
G
T P
0
,
( )
,
( )
dP
V
T V
G
T P
0
,
( )
,
( )
+
(
(
(
(
]
d
P
0
P
T
dP
T
T V
G
T P , ( ) ,
( )
dP
V
T V
G
T P , ( ) ,
( )
P
1
dP
V
T V ,
(

(
(
(
(
]
+ :=
Calculo de las propiedades de cada punto:
En el punto 1:
T
1
300K := P
1
1atm :=
V
1
V
G
T
1
P
1
,
( )
24.591
L
mol
= :=
S
1
S T
1
P
1
,
( )
0.195
J
mol K
= :=
E
1
E T
1
P
1
,
( )
41.79
J
mol
= :=
En el punto 2:
P
2
9 P
1
9 atm = := S
2
S
1
0.195
J
mol K
= :=
T
i
300K :=
T
2
root S T
i
P
2
,
( )
S
1
T
i
,
( )
:= T
2
558.884 K =
V
2
V
G
T
2
P
2
,
( )
5.105
L
mol
= :=
E
2
E T
2
P
2
,
( )
5.49 10
3

J
mol
= :=
En el punto 3:
V
3
V
2
5.105
L
mol
= := Q
23
200 1000
J
kg
0.028
kg
mol
5.6 10
3

J
mol
= :=
E
3
E T
2
P
2
,
( )
Q
23
+ 1.109 10
4

J
mol
= :=
T
3
root E T
i
P
rk
T
i
V
3
,
( )
,
( )
E
3
T
i
,
( )
:= T
3
809.022 K =
P
3
P
rk
T
3
V
3
,
( )
13.043 atm = :=
S
3
S T
3
P
3
,
( )
8.458
1
K
J
mol
= :=
En el punto 4:
P
4
P
3
13.043 atm = := Q
34
200 1000
J
kg
0.028
kg
mol
5.6 10
3

J
mol
= :=
H
4
Q
34
H T
3
P
3
,
( )
+ 2.096 10
4

J
mol
= :=
T
4
root H T
i
P
4
,
( )
H
4
T
i
,
( )
:= T
4
983.297 K =
V
4
V
G
T
4
P
4
,
( )
6.202
L
mol
= :=
S
4
S T
4
P
4
,
( )
14.723
J
mol K
= :=
En el punto 5:
S
5
S
4
14.723
J
mol K
= := V
5
V
1
24.591
L
mol
= :=
T
5
root S T
i
P
rk
T
i
V
5
,
( )
,
( )
S
4
T
i
,
( )
:= T
5
596.711 K =
P
5
P
rk
T
5
V
5
,
( )
1.991 atm = :=
E
5
E T
5
P
5
,
( )
6.326 10
3

J
mol
= :=
Clculo de las entalpias:
H
1
H T
1
P
1
,
( )
58.444
J
mol
= :=
H
2
H T
2
P
2
,
( )
7.67 10
3

J
mol
= :=
H
3
H T
3
P
3
,
( )
1.536 10
4

J
mol
= :=
H
4
H T
4
P
4
,
( )
2.096 10
4

J
mol
= :=
H
5
H T
5
P
4
,
( )
8.806 10
3

J
mol
= :=
a) Determinacin de las temperaturas finales de cada proceso de adicin de calor:
T
3
809.022 K =
T
4
983.297 K =
b) Calculo de trabajo neto del ciclo:
W
12
H
2
H
1

( )
7.611 10
3

J
mol
= :=
W
45
H
5
H
4

( )
1.216 10
4

J
mol
= :=
W
total
W
12
W
45
+ 4.544 10
3

J
mol
= :=
W
T
W
total
0.028
kg
mol
1.623 10
5

J
kg
= :=
c) Calculo de la eficiencia trmica:
Q
agreg
400 1000
J
kg
:=
Ef
term
W
T
Q
agreg
0.406 = :=
P
1
V
G
T P , ( )
)
d