Biuret test

Reagents CuSO4, NaOH

Ninhydrin test

1,2,3indanetrione monohydrate or triketohydrinde ne, ethanol

Purpose general test for protein ( at least a tripeptide) detects free amino acid

(+) results violet coloration blue to blueviolet color

Principle complexation of Cu2+ with a peptide bond oxidative decarboxylation and deamination followed by condensation nitration of aromatic ring via electrophilic aromatic substitution complexation of nitrohydroxyphenyl derivatives with Hg2+ acid-catalyzed condensation of two tryptophans with glyoxilic acid base-catalyzed condensation of naphthol with the guanido group of arginine degradation and substitution reaction to form lead sulfide diazotized sulfanilic acid couples with amino phenol to form a colorede azo compound in cold condition complexation

Xanthoprote conc. HNO3, ic test conc. NaOH

test for aromatic amino acids (Y, W and F) detect phenolic group in tyrosine specific test for indole group of tryptophan specific test for guanido group of arginine detects Scontaining amino acids (methionine, cysteine) detects the presence of histidine and tyrosine

Millons/ MillonNasse test HopkinsCole test

HgSO4 in H2SO4

Sakaguchi test

glyoxylic acid (Mg powder, oxalic acid, acetic acid), conc. H2SO4 -naphthol, NaOBr, NaOH, urea Lead (II) acetate, NaOH

yellow soln on heating; orange soln with excess NaOH Old rose/flesh/ purple-red ppt violet interface

red to redorange color

Fohls/Lead acetate test

brown or black ppt

Paulys test/Diazo reaction

NaNO2, sulfanilic acid, Na2CO3

red color

Nitroprussi de test

Na2Fe(CN)5NO in dilute NH3

detects the presence of SH group (cysteine)

red ppt