Special Conformal Killing Tensors in General Relativity

Special conformal Killing tensors Example
Special conformal Killing tensors in general relativity

Liselotte De Groote
Department of Mathematical Analysis Ghent University Belgium
Tuesday, April 06, 2009
L. De Groote
Special conformal Killing tensors in GR
Role
Study of stationary ows of soliton equations cofactor pair systems (= non-Lagrangian systems which
provide examples of completely integrable systems)
conditions under which one can nd coordinates w.r.to which Hamilton-Jacobi equation for geodesics is separable
(= solvable by additive separation of variables)
L. De Groote
Role
Study of projective equivalence (g, h, Riemannian manifolds are
proj.equiv. if they have same geodesics up to reparametrization) Lij = det h det g
1/(n+1)
gik gjl hkl
L is SCK of metric g, conversely given SCK L of g, following denes metric h projectively equivalent to g: hij = (det L)
1
gik gjl L .
kl
L. De Groote
What?
Conformal Killing tensor (CK) L of metric g: symmetric type (0, 2) tensor eld if there is a 1-form such that L(ij|k ) = (i gjk ) , | denotes covariant derivative w.r.to Levi-Civita connection of g. If exact: L is called CK of gradient type.
L. De Groote
What?
Special conformal Killing tensor (SCK) L of metric g: symmetric type (0, 2) tensor eld if there is a 1-form such that Lij|k = trace on i, j = d (trL). A SCK is a CK of gradient type. Torsion of Nijenhuis tensor (of (1, 1)-type tensor) vanishes: important consequence! 1 i gjk + j gik . 2
L. De Groote
What?
Torsion vanishes if eigenfunctions of L simple and functionally independent, orthonormal basis of Tx M w.r.to which L(x) is diagonal:
at each point x of M, L(x) is an endomorphism of tangent space Tx M; n functions u i exist, such that u i (x) is eigenvalue of L(x) and Jacobian u i /x j everywhere non-singular; u i may be taken as local (orthogonal) coordinates: L= ui du i ; u i
u i are orthogonal separation coordinates for Hamilton-Jacobi equation for the geodesics of the manifold.
L. De Groote
Propositions and theorems
a CK with functionally independent eigenfunctions, whose torsion vanishes is a SCK; w.r.to the coordinates adapted to a SCK with independent eigenfunctions Rijik = 0 for j = k (notice: Rijkl , components of
curvature, with i, j, k , l all different vanish in any orthogonal coordinate system);
space of SCK is nite dimensional.
L. De Groote
Spaces of constant curvature
Space of SCK attains its maximal dimension (in (pseudo-) Riemannian case) manifold is space of constant curvature. If a Riemannian manifold (M, g) admits two independent SCK L, K (no non-trivial common invariant subspaces), and if L has functionally independent eigenfunctions, then (M, g) is a space of constant curvature.
L. De Groote
Killing tensors
If L is a (non-singular) SCK, and A is its cofactor tensor, then A is a Killing tensor: Aij Lj = (det L)gi ; Take covariant derivative and using denition 1 1 Aij|k = (det L) Lij Lk Lik Lj Li Ljk 2 2 .
If L is SCK, so is L + kg for any constant k cofactor tensor A(k ) of L + kI is a Killing tensor for every k . A(k ) is a polynomial of degree (n 1) in k , whose coefcients are tensors.
L. De Groote
Killing tensors
Let L, K be SCKs, then the cofactor of aL + bK is Killing, a, b (at least those for which aL + bK is non-singular). If K = I and L has functionally independent eigenvectors, we generate from one SCK n independent Killing tensors, one of which is g, another of which is cofactor L. Eigenvectors of aL + bI are eigenvectors of L Killing tensors have same eigenvectors, are simultaneously diagonal with L.
L. De Groote
Lacunae
There are lacunae in ranges of possible dimensions of spaces of SCK on a Riemannian manifold. theory of concircular vector elds provides model for theory of SCK X = I, = scalar
concircular vector elds can be used to construct SCK. More details: Concircular vector elds and special conformal Killing
tensors (Crampin)
L. De Groote
Petrov type D
Aligned SCK in Petrov type D space-time : (SCK = kg ) Newman-Penrose, Bianchi and SCK equations; 2 = 0 = i , i = 2;
SCK only m, m, k , l-contribution; commutator equations.
L. De Groote
Petrov type D
= = = = = = = = 0; ij = 0 except 11 ;
R 2 = 12 , R = Ricci constant;
SCK is a constant Killing tensor.
L. De Groote
Petrov type D
R constant : Bertotti-Robinson; Subcase 11 = R Plebanski-Hacyan, Garcia-Plebanski. 8
L. De Groote

Special Conformal Killing Tensors in General Relativity

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Special conformal Killing tensors Example