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Introduction.
Aorta arise from the left ventricle. It has ascending aorta -arch of aorta. -descending aorta.

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Vertebral artery. Internal thoracic artery. Thyrocervical trunk. Costocervical trunk. Dorsal scapular artery.

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 Left

CCA begins in the thorax in front of the trachea ,at the center of manubrium sterni. Right begins in the neck starts behind the right sternoclavicular joint. It runs upwards with in the carotid sheath. Lies in front of the 4 cervical transverse processes. At the level of thyroid cartilage it is divided in to ECA,ICA.
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Carotid sinus-baroreceptors. Carotid body- chemoreceptors.

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 It

begins at the level of the upper border of the thyroid cartilage. End in the cranial cavity by supplying the brain.

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Cervical part- no branches. Petrous part-cortico tympanic branch. -Pterigiod branch. cavernous part- cavernous branches -superior and inferior hyophyseal branches.

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Cerebral

part.-opthalmic

branch Anterior cerebral. Middle cerebral. posterior communicating branch. Anterior choroidal branch.
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 Circle

by the vertebral artery . internal carotid artery.

of willis is formed

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 It

runs forwards to reach the longitudinal fissures separating the cerebral hemisphere. The arteries lies in close together and united to each other by ant. communicating branch.
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 It

lies laterally in the depth of the stem of the lateral sulcus.

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 It

runs backwards and anatomies with the posterior cerebral artery.

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 Formed

by the union of right and left vertebral arteries. It divide in to right and left posterior cerebral arteries.
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Anterior , middle , posterior cerebral arteries give rise to cortical and central arteries. Cortical supplies the cortex. Central branches antero -medial, antero lateral, postero -medial, postero -lateral dip deep to the cerebrum and supplies the structures deep to it.

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Anterior,

middle posterior cerebral arteries.

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Greater part of superolateral surface is supplied by middle cerebral artery. A strip of 2cm wide along the superomedial border extending from the frontal pole to the parito occipital sulcus is supplied by anterior cerebral artery. The area belonging to the occipital lobe, inferior temporal gyrusposterior cerebral artery.

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Medial surface is by anterior cerebral artery. Area belonging to occipital lobe posterior cerebral artery. Lateral part of the orbital surface middle cerebral artery. Tentorial surface PCA. Temporal lobe MCA.

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 Main

somatic motor and sensory area-MCA. Except leg-ACA. Auditory area-MCA. Visual area-PCA.
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Due

to anastomosis-equalises the pressure on both sides. Blood brain barrier. End artery.

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 The

concept of the blood brain barrier was first introduced by Paul Ehrlich. The blood- brain barrier is located in endothelial cells of capillaries of the brain.

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The mechanism for maintaining this barrier function lies in the capillary network supplying blood to the brain. Ion concentration levels in plasma may fluctuate abruptly. The blood- brain barrier protects the brain against surging fluctuations in ion concentrations.
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1. Brain endothelial cells are joined by tight junctions of high electrical resistance providing an effective barrier against molecules. 2. In peripheral endothelial cells there is good transcellular movement of molecules. There is no such movement in brain endothelial cells. 3. Brain capillaries are in contact with foot processes of astrocytes which essentially separate the capillaries from the neurones.
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 Cerebro

vascular disease. Cerebral infarction.

Intra

cerebral hemorrhage.

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 Synthesis

repertory. Head apoplexy. Head anoxia , cerebral. Head- anemia, brain of. Head-cerebral hemorrhage. Head-thrombosis. Generalities-paralysis after. Chest aneurysm of arteries.
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 Brain.

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