A&P1 Lecture exam Chap1&2 Name________________________I D Num: ___________________________

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Which of the following study methods are useful for anatomy and physiology courses? A) Read the lecture sections before class. B) Develop memorization skills. C) Devote a block of time for study. D) Do not procrastinate. E) All of the answers are correct. 2) The analysis of the internal structure of individual cells is called A) physiology. B) histology. C) cytology. D) anatomy. E) embryology. 3) The study of the superficial and internal features in a specific area of the body is called ________anatomy. A) surface B) surgical C) pathological D) regional E) radiographic 4) Cardiovascular function is an example of A) histophysiology. B) systemic physiology. E) pathological physiology. C) physiological chemistry. D) organ physiology.

5) Organ physiology is to ________ as gross anatomy is to ________. A) cell physiology; microscopic anatomy B) balance; equilibrium C) equilibrium; macroscopic anatomy D) macroscopic anatomy; unbalance E) imbalance; microscopic anatomy 6) Which of the following is arranged in correct order from the most complex to the simplest? A) molecular, cellular, tissue, organ, system, organism B) organism, system, organ, tissue, cellular, molecular C) cellular, tissue, molecular, system, organ, organism D) tissue, cellular, molecular, organ, system, organism E) organ, organism, molecular, cellular, tissue, system 7) Which organ system provides support, protection of soft tissue, mineral storage, and blood formation? A) integumentary B) muscular C) skeletal D) endocrine E) nervous 8) Which organ system transports nutrients, metabolic wastes, gases, and defense cells? A) muscular B) urinary C) cardiovascular D) respiratory E) digestive 9) The pituitary gland and thyroid gland are organs of the ________ system. A) respiratory B) endocrine C) digestive D) cardiovascular 10) Which organ system removes carbon dioxide from the bloodstream? A) cardiovascular B) endocrine C) respiratory D) lymphatic 11) Skin, hair, and nails are associated with the ________ system. A) muscular B) integumentary C) skeletal D) immune E) lymphatic E) digestive E) endocrine

12) A chemical imbalance in the body can cause the heart to stop pumping blood, which in turn will cause other tissues and organs to cease functioning. This observation supports the view that A) congenital defects can be life-threatening. B) all levels of organization within an organism are interdependent. C) chemical molecules make up cells. D) all organisms are composed of cells. E) blood has magical properties. 13) In general, the nervous system does each of the following, except A) direct very specific responses. B) help to maintain homeostasis. D) respond rapidly to change. E) interpret sensory information.

C) direct long-term responses to change.

14) The maintenance of a relatively constant internal environment in an organism is termed A) homeostasis. B) negative feedback. C) effector control. D) integration.

E) positive feedback.

15) When body temperature rises, a center in the brain initiates physiological changes to decrease the body temperature. This is an example of A) negative feedback. B) fever. C) positive feedback. D) diagnostic regulation. E) nonhomeostatic regulation.

16) If a response increases a disturbance, the control system is classified as a ________ feedback system. A) neutral B) polarized C) positive D) negative E) deficit 17) The quadrants of the abdominopelvic region include all of the following except: A) right lower quadrant (RLQ) B) pelvic quadrant C) left lower quadrant (LLQ) D) right upper quadrant (RUQ) E) left upper quadrant (LUQ) 18) An anatomical term that means the same as ventral: A) anterior B) posterior C) inferior D) abdominal 19) The wrist is ________ to the elbow. A) lateral B) proximal. C) distal 20) The heart is ________ to the lungs A) medial B) lateral C) proximal D) horizontal D) posterior

E) superior E) medial

E) distal E) orthogonal

21) Which plane divides the body into right and left parts? A) frontal B) transverse C) proximal D) sagittal

22) A person lying on the bed and gazing at the ceiling is in the ________ position. A) anatomical B) dorsal C) supine D) prone E) caudal 23) While standing in the anatomical position A) back refers to dorsal. B) front refers to anterior. E) All of the answers are correct. C) front refers to ventral. D) back refers to posterior.

24) The liver is primarily located in the ________ quadrant. A) left upper B) hepatic C) left lower D) right lower

E) right upper C) pleural cavity; mediastinum

25) The diaphragm muscle separates the ________ from the ________. A) thoracic cavity; abdominopelvic cavity B) pericardial cavity; pleural cavity D) abdominal cavity; pelvic cavity E) pericardial sac; pericardial cavity 26) The thoracic cavity contains the A) pleural cavities. B) coelom. C) pericardial cavity. D) pelvic cavity.

E) pericardial and pleural cavities.

27) The serous membrane covering the stomach and most of the intestines is called the A) abdomen. B) peritoneum. C) pleura. D) mediastinum. E) pericardium. 28) Visceral pericardium is located A) lining the peritoneal cavity. B) lining the pericardial cavity. E) on the heart itself. C) on the lung itself. D) lining the pleural cavity.

29) The mediastinum A) contains the pericardial cavity. B) separates the pleural cavities and includes the pericardial cavity. C) separates the pleural cavities. D) contains the pleural cavities. E) contains the pleural cavities and pericardial cavity. 30) The "atomic number" of an atom is determined by the number of ________ it has. A) protons + neutrons B) protons + electrons C) electrons D) protons E) neutrons 31) Isotopes of an element differ in the number of A) protons in the nucleus. B) electron clouds. C) electrons in the nucleus D) neutrons in the nucleus. E) electrons in energy shells. 32) The mass number represents the number of A) neutrons in an atom. B) protons + neutrons. E) neutrons + electrons. C) electrons in an ion. D) protons in an atom.

33) By weight, which element is the most plentiful in the human body? A) sodium B) oxygen C) carbon D) potassium 34) The atomic number represents the number of

E) sulfur

A) electrons in an atom. B) protons and neutrons in an atom. E) chemical bonds the atom may form.

C) neutrons in an atom.

D) protons in an atom.

35) The mass of an atom is largely determined by the number of ________ it has. A) protons B) protons + electrons C) protons + neutrons D) neutrons 36) The innermost eletron shell in an atom holds up to________ electrons. A) 8. B) 2. C) 6. D) 4. E) 1.

E) electrons

37) When electrons are transferred from one atom to another, and the two atoms unite as a result of the opposite charges, A) an ionic bond is formed. B) a covalent bond is formed. C) a molecule is formed. D) an ion is formed. E) a hydrogen bond is formed. 38) Which of the following statements about hydrogen bonds is false? A) Hydrogen bonds are strong attractive forces between hydrogen atoms and negatively charged atoms. B) Hydrogen bonds are responsible for many of the properties of water. C) Hydrogen bonds are important for holding large molecules together. D) Hydrogen bonds can occur within a single molecule. E) Hydrogen bonds can form between neighboring molecules. 39) The chemical behavior of an atom is determined by A) the number of neutrons. B) the mass of the nucleus. E) the number of protons. C) the size of the atom. D) the outermost electron shell.

40) When atoms complete their outer electron shell by sharing electrons, they form A) ionic bonds. B) cations. C) hydrogen bonds. D) anions. E) covalent bonds. 41) In an ionic bond, the electron donor is the ________, whereas the electron acceptor is the ________. A) anion, cation B) cation, anion C) salt, ion D) acid, base E) base, acid 42) The reaction A + B + energy AB is an example of a(n) A) equilibrium reaction. B) decomposition reaction. E) exergonic reaction. C) exchange reaction. D) endergonic reaction.

43) In hydrolysis reactions, compounds react with A) hydrogen, causing decomposition. B) water, causing synthesis. C) carbon, causing decomposition. D) glucose, causing decomposition. E) water, causing decomposition. 44) In dehydration synthesis reactions, compounds A) lose water molecules. B) gain water molecules. C) convert hydrogen and oxygen to water. D) gain electrons. E) convert water molecules to hydrogen and oxygen. 45) All of the following are true concerning enzymes, except that they A) function as biological catalysts. B) lower the activation energy required for a reaction. of a chemical reaction. D) are consumed during the reaction. E) are proteins.

C) affect only the rate

46) Compounds that can be synthesized or broken down by chemical reactions inside the body are called A) inorganic compounds. B) enzymes. C) metabolites. D) organic compounds. E) nutrients. 47) During ionization, water molecules disrupt the ionic bonds of a salt to produce a mixture of ions.These ions can carry a current and so are called A) acids. B) cations. C) counterions. D) anions. E) electrolytes. 48) Hydrophilic molecules readily associate with A) acids. B) hydrophobic molecules. C) salts. D) lipid molecules. E) water molecules.

49) Which of the following statements about water is not correct? A) It has a relatively low heat capacity. B) It contains hydrogen bonds. C) It is responsible for much of the mass of the human body. D) It is composed of polar molecules. E) It can dissolve many substances. 50) Which pH is closest to normal body pH? A) pH 8 B) pH 3 C) pH 2 D) pH 7 E) pH 4

51) An excess of hydrogen ions in the body fluids can have fatal results because this can A) break chemical bonds. B) change the shape of large complex molecules, rendering them nonfunctional. C) change body fluid pH. D) disrupt tissue functions. E) All of the answers are correct. 52) An important buffer in body fluids is A) HCl. B) H2O. C) NaOH. D) NaHCO3. E) NaCl. D) white wine, pH = 3

53) Which of the following substances would be most acidic? A) urine, pH = 6 B) lemon juice, pH = 2 C) tomato juice, pH = 4 E) stomach secretions, pH = 1 54) The most important metabolic fuel molecule in the body is A) sucrose. B) protein. C) caffeine. D) glucose E) vitamines

55) A polysaccharide that is formed in liver and muscle cells to store glucose is A) lactose. B) sucrose. C) cellulose. D) fructose. E) glycogen. 56) The group of organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a near 1:2:1 ratio is defined as a A) protein. B) nucleic acid. C) saturated fat. D) carbohydrate. E) lipid. 57) When two monosaccharides undergo a dehydration synthesis, A) hydrolysis occurs. B) two new monosaccharides are formed. D) a starch is formed. E) a disaccharide is formed. C) a polysaccharide is formed.

58) To bond two monomers together, a molecule of water must be ________ to/from from monomers. This process is called ________. A) removed; dehydration synthesis B) added; hydrolysis C) removed; crenation D) added; denaturation E) added; ionization 59) Most of the fat found in the human body is in the form of A) monoglycerides. B) phospholipids. C) triglycerides. D) prostaglandins. E) cholesterol. E) prostaglandins. E) nucleotides. D) two nucleotides.

60) Cholesterol, phospholipids, and glycolipids are examples of A) steroids. B) dietary fats. C) lipid drugs. D) structural lipids. 61) The monomers of protein are A) amino acids. B) fatty acids. C) glucose. D) nitrogen base.

62) You would expect a peptide bond to link A) a sugar and a peptide. B) two simple sugars. E) a peptide and a fatty acid.

C) two amino acids.

63) The term ________ means each enzyme catalyzes only one type of reaction. A) activation B) specificity C) saturation D) inertia E) monoreactive 64) The alpha-helix and pleated sheet are examples of ________ protein structure. A) pentanary B) primary C) quaternary D) secondary E) tertiary 65) Which of the following is the symbol for an amino group? A) -OH B) -COOH C) -NH2 D) -PO3 66) The maximum rate of an enzyme reaction occurs at A) synthesis. B) dehydration. C) reversible. E) AMO E) hydrolysis. E) proteins.

D) saturation limit.

67) Molecules that store and process genetic information are the A) steroids. B) lipids. C) nucleic acids.

D) carbohydrates.

68) A nucleotide consists of A) a five-carbon sugar, a nitrogenous base, and a phosphate group.

B) a five-carbon sugar and phosphate group. C) a five-carbon sugar and a nitrogenous base. D) a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base. E) a five-carbon sugar and an amino acid. 69) According to the rules of complementary base pairing in nucleic acids, cytosine would pair with the base A) guanine. B) adenine. C) thymine. D) cytosine. E) uracil. 70) A high-energy bond in ATP is present A) between adenine and a phosphate group. B) between the first and second phosphate group. C) between the second and third phosphate group. D) between adenine and ribose. E) between phosphate groups 1 and 2 and between phosphate groups 2 and 3.