International Journal of Automobile Engineering Research & Development (IJAuERD) ISSN 2277-4785 Vol.

3, Issue 1, Mar 2013, 21-26 TJPRC Pvt. Ltd.

VEHICLE LOCK BY POWER STEERING

VIKAS SHARMA M.Tech. Scholar, Rustam Ji Institute of Technology, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India

ABSTRACT
The steering systems which are currently deployed in the vehicles are combination of fluid with electronic arrangements and are used in the form of power steering. The conventional steering system were of pitmans type, ball and screw type, worm & worm wheel type, rack and pinion type which are upgraded by the fluid links in order to achieve the directional stability of the vehicle. Proposed system will work more effectively as it is also an illustration of power steering mechanism. This system not only serves the dynamic balancing of a vehicle with pure rolling of wheels without skidding but also induces the locking technology in itself. This locking is highly effective as it can lock the vehicle movement for even one millimeter of displacement. This steering system has an additive advantage of inbuilt locking system, higher vehicle stability with low noise-vibration-harshness effects. Higher thrust absorption capability as because of induction of fluid. Efficient performance at higher speeds and high degree of control. With this system, power steering is engineered and also the inbuilt locking system is evolved by which the vehicle will be constrained and will not move in any case. It gives an additive advantage to its safety measures of anti-theft.

KEYWORDS: Power Steering, Inbuilt Locking System, Vehicle Stability, Anti Theft INTRODUCTION
The work in the field of automotives especially for the power steering is still new step by step ahead. The power steering which is a part of the chassis to make the vehicle to move in straight ahead direction as well as along a curved path is a great task [1].Along with this concept, the safety devices assesoried in the steering column or by plugging immobilizer [2] to lock the vehicle is also a great science in itself. The other locking and safety devices are not so well, as the vehicle can be toed using a toeing van or by simply pushing it forward or reverse. The center locking or the steering column locks are not so efficient and hence vehicle can be stealed if the hot wiring is done [3].

POWER STEERING
The power steering is a technique to control the vehicle on a straight way ahead and to assist the driver to do so. The steering could be hydro-assisted, electronically assisted and by both. A general steering system comprises of steering wheel, steering column, steering gears, tie-rods, drag rod, drop arm & twisted steering rod, as shown in the figure 1 below

Figure 1: Conventional Rack & Pinion Type Steering

22

Vikas Sharma

Now this conventional type of steering is enriched with fluid in order to absorb the back thrusts from the wheels and to gain the driving effort. This fluidized steering is called hydraulic assisted power steering Assembly of Power Steering In addition to the conventional steering system, fluid cum vane pump, fluid reservoir, rotary- valve and hoses are supplemented to the steering system as shown figure 2.

Figure 2: Hydraulic Assisted Power Steering Working of this Unit This unit consumes power from the Engine using a belt drive system which enables the vane pump to compress and transmit the fluid to the either side of the sliding piston via hoses. The rotary valve in the steering column guides the fluid to move towards right and left end of the sliding piston. This pressurized fluid bolsters the driver effort to translate the tie rod either side resulting a turn much easily, applying comparatively less effort then former setup[4] as illustrated in figure3.

Figure 3: Working and Motion to Fluid Force Calculation - As we are provided with the steering ratio (G) of the steering mechanism, the diameter of the steering wheel (D) in meters, no of tooth (t) on pinion, pitch of the pinion (p) in meters and effort applied (E) in newtons Then, steering ratio [1] G=

D
tp

And output load (W) in newtons W= 2 E G ; (1)

Vehicle Lock by Power Steering

23

Since fluid is also inchoate in this steering hence, fluid executes pressure to the sliding piston to achieve a turn. Let, the pressure applied by the fluid on the piston (p) in Pascal, the power of the pump (P) in kilowatts, efficiency of the pump() and the discharge of the pump(Q) in liters per min. then[5], p=

600P ; Q

Force applied by fluid

F1 = p A ;
Where A= area of piston upon which fluid acting

(2)

A=

(D 4 d 4 )
4

Figure 4: Cross Section of the Piston of the Steering System with d as Inner Diameter and D as Outer Diameter So, net force acting on sliding piston to turn a wheel will be evaluated by F = W+F1 in Newtons.

SAFETY SYSTEM
The currently employed safety system against stealing of the vehicle are steering column lock, engine lock or ignition lock which are provided by the vehicle manufacturers. These safety system can be tempered, hotwired or picked using utility knife, wires or by some special instruments like multi meters, or simply by toeing the vehicle. An additional lock called central locking is accessorized nowadays. These all setups are not fully theft proof as they have several lose shots which can be used to hijack an automobile

Figure 5: Circuit Diagram for Central Locking

24

Vikas Sharma

This setup of central locking consists of an immobilizer which is the master element of this central locking unit. If this immobilizer is deactivated or if the connection between immobilizer and ignition coil is cracked, the vehicle can be steal off. [6]

PROPOSED SYSTEM
The proposed system involves the modification in the design of the rack and induction of one way valve suction pump to the steering assembly which will make the wheels toe out after the engine stops, thereby locking the vehicle. If the wheels are in position of toe-out it cannot be displaced even to a single millimeter of distance because of the intersecting axes of the wheels and the vehicle will become stationary. The rack of the steering system is exploded in three parts and two sliding pistons and separate provisions for the fluid movements as shown in figure 6.

Figure 6: View of Splitted Rack and Provisions for Fluid Assembly of the Proposed System - The setup is same as it was before, only the transformation of rack and the introduced component i.e., suction pump are assembled in such a way as shown in figure.

Figure 7: Schematic Diagram of the Assembly of Proposed System This assembly is parametrically modeled in PRO-E to identify the functional behavior of the proposed system and individual components and their assemblies. The modeled parts will be the replica of the actual components of the steering system to gain the advantage of the vehicle locking. Working of Proposed System The figure 7 shows the assembled view including the new component suction pump. The whole setup will working as it was working previously only the suction pump will work when the engine gets stop. The gap is provided in between the tie-rod and the rack to use to fluid which will behave like the rigid link in straight ahead position and during turns.

Vehicle Lock by Power Steering

25

But when engine stops, the suction pump activates and it sucks the fluid from both ends, in between rack and tie rods as a result of which the tie-rods starts shifting inside, thereby making the wheels at toe-out position shown in figure 8.

Figure 8: Position of Toe-Out of Wheels

CONCLUSIONS
Fluid aided system with certain modifications of rack and one way valve & pump makes the safety system healthier. From this paper we conclude that this arrangement of locking suits good to make a vehicle theft free. As when the wheels of the vehicle are kept in the position of toe-out it will be difficult for anyone to toe the vehicle. As the whole setup is hydraulic and mechanical so less chances of being tempered. If hotwiring is done even then the wheels will not come to straight ahead position for the movement.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
My sincere thanks to Mr. D.J. Kulkarni (ARAI India) who supported me for the work. Mr. Abhijeet Atray (Toyota Motors) who bolstered me for the collection of data.

REFERENCES
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Dr. Kripal Singh, Automobile Engineering Vol-I, 11th ed, Standard Publisher, India. Crouse, W.H., Anglin, D.L.,Automotive Mechanics, 9th ed., Tata McGraw-Hill Publications, New York. Wikipedia, Motor vehicle theft, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_vehicle_theft Auto.howstuffworks.com/wiki/steering4.htm Wikipedia, Hydraulic machinery, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/hydraulic_machinery Toyota motors India Ltd., Maintenance Manuals of Power Steering, troubleshooting tips. Automotive Abstracts, Automotive Research Association of India, Pune, Maharashtra.