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  • Introductory Astronomy: Week 1: Posi5onal Astronomy Clip 2: The Celes5al Sphere

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    Alan Scrivner
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    The document introduces the concept of the celestial sphere, which describes the apparent fixed positions of stars in the sky. It describes how the celestial sphere rotates daily around an axis through the north and south poles, causing the apparent motion of the stars across the sky. It then defines the coordinate systems used to locate celestial objects, including celestial latitude (declination) and celestial longitude (right ascension), which are measured in the same way as terrestrial latitude and longitude.

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    Astronomy

    Originaltitel

    Lecture Slides W1 Clip 2

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    The document introduces the concept of the celestial sphere, which describes the apparent fixed positions of stars in the sky. It describes how the celestial sphere rotates daily around an axis through the north and south poles, causing the apparent motion of the stars across the sky. It then defines the coordinate systems used to locate celestial objects, including celestial latitude (declination) and celestial longitude (right ascension), which are measured in the same way as terrestrial latitude and longitude.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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    Markieren Sie unangemessene Inhalte
    18 Ansichten9 Seiten

    Introductory Astronomy: Week 1: Posi5onal Astronomy Clip 2: The Celes5al Sphere

    Hochgeladen von

    Alan Scrivner
    The document introduces the concept of the celestial sphere, which describes the apparent fixed positions of stars in the sky. It describes how the celestial sphere rotates daily around an axis through the north and south poles, causing the apparent motion of the stars across the sky. It then defines the coordinate systems used to locate celestial objects, including celestial latitude (declination) and celestial longitude (right ascension), which are measured in the same way as terrestrial latitude and longitude.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Als PDF, TXT herunterladen oder online auf Scribd lesen
    Markieren Sie unangemessene Inhalte
    von 9

    Introductory

    Astronomy
    Week 1: Posi5onal Astronomy Clip 2: The Celes5al Sphere
    1

    Laws for the Heavens


    The ancients gave to the Gods the heaven or upper place, as being alone immortal; and our present argument tes9es that it is indestruc9ble and ungenerated. Further, it is unaected by any mortal discomfort, and, in addi9on, eortless; for it needs no constraining necessity to keep it to its path... Such a constrained movement would necessarily involve eort-and would be inconsistent with perfec9on. Hence we must not believe the old tale which says that the world needs some Atlas to keep it safe Aristotle (350 BC) We seek Universal laws governing heaven and Earth This week: Understand apparent mo5on of the sky; what we can see when and where. Intui5ve and mathema5cal descrip5on

    2

    The Celes5al Sphere


    PaNern of stars unchanging: can imagine them xed on a sphere surrounding Earth Celes5al Sphere is large and rigid Celes5al Sphere rotates daily about axis through poles from East to West Equivalently, Earth rotates from West to East inside sta5onary Celes5al Sphere Stars occupy xed posi5ons on Celes5al Sphere: use Celes5al coordinates to specify this with mathema5cal precision
    3

    Loca5ons on Earth usefully labeled by


    La5tude: angular distance from equator - natural Longitude: angular distance from prime meridian

    Coordinates on Earth

    Loca5on determines half of sky visible


    La5tude: permanently Longitude: instantaneously
    4

    Use same coordinate system on Celes5al Sphere

    Celes5al Coordinates

    Celes5al Poles are directly above terrestrial poles Celes5al Equator is directly above terrestrial equator Celes5al La5tude is called Declina5on

    As on Earth, choice of prime meridian is random.


    Celes5al Longitude measured East is called Right Ascension Measured in hours according to rota5on

    360 = 24h or 15 = 1h

    How large is Celes5al Sphere? Every point on Earth can be taken to be in center to within accuracy of measurement

    Angles and Distances

    Numbers and Units


    Your may see the formula AB = (/206265) R I had AB = (/57.3) R Whos wrong? Neither. For convenience, small angles are oeen measured in units other than degrees. In par5cular, we use arcminutes and arcseconds 1o = 60 = 3600 57.3 = 206265 In Physics numbers are ra5os and must remember units! For example, in above can use any units for AB and R so long as we use the same units for both
    7

    Summary
    Stars xed on large Celes5al Sphere concentric with Earth Sphere rotates daily from East to West Declina5on is Celes5al La5tude RA is Celes5al Longitude measured in hours to the East
    8

    Credits
    Sky Simula5on: Starry Night hNp://www.starrynight.com/ Astronomy Anima5ons: University of Nebraska-Lincoln Astronomy Educa5on Group hNp://astro.unl.edu/
    9

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