SPY ROBOT

CONTENTS
ABSTRACT 1. INTRODUCTION 2. BASIC TERMNOLOGY 3. BLOCK DIAGRAM & DESCRIPTION 4. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM & COMPONENT LIST 5. COMPLETE CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION 6. ICS & HARDWARE COMPONENTS 7. MOTORS 8. SOFTWARE DETAILS 9. ADVANTAGES & APPLICATIONS 10. CONCLUSION 11. REFERENCES

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ABSTRACT
The project mainly focuses on tracing the enemies and observing their activities. Now a days, tracing the enemies is very much difficult for the soldiers because it was their life risky process. So for that we have to use the present technology in tracing enemies without the loss of soldiers lives. In order to risk the soldiers lives in tracing enemies, here we use the G.S.M OPERATED INTELLIGENT SPY ROBO which acts as a robo-soldier & transmits the video from destination to the controller room that can be watched in any display output devices. So according to the video transmitted by the robo, the person who is there in the control room take necessary actions by operating robo. The entire robo is constructed mainly with popular microcontroller MCS51 series-8051 compatible 89S52 microcontroller, DTMF network, G.S.M modem. It also consists of 3 motors. In which one is stepper motor and remaining two are linear motors. One is for forward and backward rotations, second one is for left and right rotations and stepper motor is for rotating the wireless cam.

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1. INTRODUCTION
Now-a-days Tracing and attacking enemies (or) militants at different areas are very much difficult for the soldiers. There may be a chance for lost of lives of the soldiers during the above process. We have implemented a solution for the problem by replacing soldier with a Robo Soldiers completely controlled by GSM/CDMA network. This is constructed with three motors. Here two are linear motors and one stepper motor. One is for forward and backward rotations (directions), another one is for rotating left and right directions. The third one is stepper motor that is for rotating Wireless Camera. One laser gun is attached to the Robo. The entire Robo is

constructed with popular Micro-Controller Series MCS51 series 8051 compatable 89S52 Micro-Controller DTMF network, (GSM Modem) & etc. Initially we will have to dial up through any GSM network (or) CDMA (or) from any other remote places at least by land line. After completion of the pre-defined rings it enters into the Auto answering mode and transmits the picture from the destination area to the controller room that can be watched in any display devices. So according to the picture the person who is there in the control room can take necessary operations by operating Robo. The Robo can move any direction, such that the operator can view all directions clearly, and able to get a brief idea about that particular area.

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2.BASIC TERMINOLOGY
2.1 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS: An Embedded System is a special-purpose computer system designed to perform one or a few dedicated functions, sometimes with real-time computing constraints. It is usually embedded as part of a complete device including hardware and mechanical parts. In contrast, a general-purpose computer, such as a personal computer, can do many different tasks depending on programming. Embedded systems have become very important today as they control many of the common devices we use. Since the embedded system is dedicated to specific tasks, design engineers can optimize it, reducing the size and cost of the product, or increasing the reliability and performance. Some embedded systems are mass-produced, benefiting from economies of scale. In general, embedded system is not an exactly defined term, as many systems have some element of programmability. For example, Handheld computers share some elements with embedded systems, such as the operating systems and microprocessors which power them but are not truly embedded systems, because they allow different applications to be loaded and peripherals to be connected

2.1.1

Applications of Embedded Systems:

An embedded system typically has a specialized function with programs stored on

ROM. Examples of embedded systems are chips that monitor automobile functions, including engine controls, antilock brakes, air bags, active

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suspension systems, environmental systems, security systems, and entertainment systems. Everything needed for those functions is custom designed into specific chips. No external operating system is required. Its easy to picture nearly every electronic device as having an embedded system. For example, refrigerators, washing machines, and even coffee brewers will benefit in some way from embedded systems. A critical feature of an embedded system is its ability to communicate, so embedded systems support Ethernet, Bluetooth (wireless), infrared, or other technologies. A weather station on top of a building may employ an embedded system that gathers information from external sensors. This information can be pushed or pulled. In the push scenario, the data is automatically sent to devices that have requested it. In the pull scenario, users or network devices access the weather station to read the latest information. If the weather station is connected to the Internet, it may have its own IP address and, ideally, will provide information to anyone that accesses the IP address. In this sense, the weather station is acting as a mini-Web server. In fact, many embedded systems are basically Web servers on a chip.

2.2 GSM TECHNOLOGY:

2.2.1 GSM HISTORY : In 1982, the European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations (CEPT) created the Group Special Mobile (GSM) to develop a standard for a mobile telephone system that could be used across Europe. In 1987, a memorandum of understanding was signed by 13 countries to develop a common cellular telephone system across Europe. Finally the system created by SINTEF lead by Torleiv Maseng was selected.

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In

1989,

GSM

responsibility

was

transferred

to

the

European

Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) and phase I of the GSM specifications were published in 1990. The first GSM network was launched in 1991 by Radiolinja in Finland with joint technical infrastructure maintenance from Ericsson. By the end of 1993, over a million subscribers were using GSM phone networks being operated by 70 carriers across 48 countries. 2.2.2 GSM Frequencies: GSM networks operate in a number of different frequency ranges (separated into GSM frequency ranges for 2G and UMTS frequency bands for 3G). Most 2G GSM networks operate in the 900 MHz or 1800 MHz bands. Some countries in the Americas (including Canada and the United States) use the 850 MHz and 1900 MHz bands because the 900 and 1800 MHz frequency bands were already allocated. Most 3G GSM networks in Europe operate in the 2100 MHz frequency band. The rarer 400 and 450 MHz frequency bands are assigned in some countries where these frequencies were previously used for first-generation systems. GSM-900 uses 890915 MHz to send information from the mobile station to the base station (uplink) and 935960 MHz for the other direction (downlink), providing 124 RF channels (channel numbers 1 to 124) spaced at 200 kHz. Duplex spacing of 45 MHz is used. In some countries the GSM-900 band has been extended to cover a larger frequency range. This extended GSM, E-GSM, uses 880915 MHz (uplink) and 925 960 MHz (downlink), adding 50 channels (channel numbers 975 to 1023 and 0) to the original GSM-900 band. Time division multiplexing is used to allow eight full-rate or sixteen half-rate speech channels per radio frequency channel. There are eight radio timeslots (giving eight burst periods) grouped into what is called a TDMA frame. Half rate channels use alternate frames in the same timeslot. The channel data rate for all 8 channels is 270.833 kbit/s, and the frame duration is 4.615 ms.

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The transmission power in the handset is limited to a maximum of 2 watts in GSM850/900 and 1 watt in GSM1800/1900. 2.3 CDMA TECHNOLOGY: Code division multiple access (CDMA) is a channel access method utilized by various radio communication technologies. One of the basic concepts in data communication is the idea of allowing several transmitters to send information simultaneously over a single communication channel. This allows several users to share a bandwidth of frequencies. This concept is called multiplexing. CDMA employs spread-spectrum technology and a special coding scheme (where each transmitter is assigned a code) to allow multiple users to be multiplexed over the same physical channel. By contrast, time division multiple access (TDMA) divides access by time, while frequency-division multiple access (FDMA) divides it by frequency. CDMA is a form of spread-spectrum signaling, since the modulated coded signal has a much higher data bandwidth than the data being communicated.

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BLOCK DIAGRAM AND DESCRIPTION

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3.2

BLOCK DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION:

The Circuit Diagram consists of three main sections Power supply section DTMF decoder Micro controller In the power supply section, the AC power (230-0-230V) from the transformer is converted into volts after passing through full wave rectifier (16.8V). We are using a 1000f capacitor for removing the ripples. Then it is passed through a voltage regulator (IC7805) which provides a fixed output voltage 5volts. This acts as power supply to all the components in the reader section. After the Circuit is powered ON then we
call the number of the modem which is connected to the Circuit. This Circuit is operated to respond to the Cell Phone after 5 rings. When ringing is

produced, there will be 110V and in between the rings the Voltage will be 48V. These 110V and 48V are given to comparator through the rectifier circuit and both fixed and variable Resistors. When the Voltages crosses both the resistors it will reduces to 1.8V and this 1.8V is compared with the predefined voltage of the non-inverting input and output is given to the counter of the 80S52 . When the count reaches the
predefined rings then the Circuit gets into Auto-answering mode, then the Phone-Line Voltage dropped down to 12-18V. In this condition the Relay is energized and connected to DTMF Decoder. The function of DTMF Decoder is to convert the corresponding frequencies into the Binary Code, which is understandable by the microcontroller. The function of Micro Controller is to perform the specific operation that it is designed to do so. Robo responds to

the commands of operator from the cell phone for the buttons he pressed. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 The Robo Circuit is activated. Anti Clock wise rotation of the Camera. Clock wise rotation of the Camera. Gun representing LED Glowing along with Buzzer. Front movement (direction) Back movement (direction) Right forward direction Left forward direction Left Reverse direction Disconnecting the whole circuit i.e., the end of an Operation

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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM AND COMPONENT LIST

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COMPONENTS LIST
Transformer Diodes D1-D6 Diodes D7-D8 Diode D9 IC Regulator DTMF Decoder Comparator Darlington Amplifiers Array Microcontroller Magnetic Relay RESISTORS: RN1, RN2 [103] R11, R17 R1 R10 R12 R13 R16 CAPACITORS: C5, C6, C9, C10 C4, C11, C12 C3, C7 C1 C2 C8 TRANSISTORS: Q14, Q16 OSCILLATORS: Y1 Y2 11.0592MHz 3.579MHZ BC547 12V-0-12V IN4007 IN4148 LED LM7805 CM8870 LM393 ULN2003 AT89S52 DPDT 10KE 10KE 8K2E 330KE 100KE 150KE 270E 33pf 104pf 10f/16V 1000f/25V 100f/16V 0.1f

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5.1 MICRO-CONTROLLER 89S52:

5.COMPLETE CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

The microcontroller generic part number actually includes a whole family of microcontrollers that have numbers ranging from 8031 to 8751 and are available in NChannel Metal Oxide Silicon (NMOS) and Complementary Metal Oxide Silicon (CMOS) construction in a variety of package types.

DESCRIPTION:
The AT89S52 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcomputer with 4Kbytes of Flash Programmable and Erasable Read Only Memory (PEROM). The device is manufactured using Atmels high density nonvolatile memory technology and is compatible with the industry standard MCS-51 instruction set and pin out. The onchip Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed in-system or by a conventional nonvolatile memory programmer. By combining a versatile 8-bit CPU with Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89S52 is a powerful microcomputer which provides a highly flexible and cost effective solution to many embedded control applications. AT89S52FEATURES: 4Kbytes of Flash, 256 bytes of RAM, 32 I/O lines, two 16-bit timer/counters, a five vector two-level interrupt architecture, a full duplex serial port, on-chip oscillator and clock circuitry. . In addition, the AT89S52 is designed with static logic for operation down to zero frequency and supports two software selectable power saving modes. Idle Mode stops the CPU while allowing the RAM, timer/counters, serial port and interrupt system to continue functioning.

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SPY ROBOT Power Down Mode saves the RAM contents but freezes the oscillator disabling all other chip functions until the next hardware reset. Port 0: Port 0 is an 8-bit open drain bidirectional I/O port. As an output port each pin can sink eight TTL inputs. When 1s are written to port 0 pins, the pins can be used as high-impedance inputs. Port 0 may also be configured to be the multiplexed low order address/data bus during accesses to external program and data memory. In this mode P0 has internal pull-ups. Port 0 also receives the code bytes during Flash programming, and outputs the code bytes during program verification. External pull-ups are required during program verification Port 1: Port 1 is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-ups. The Port 1 output buffers can sink/source four TTL inputs. When 1s are written to Port 1 pins they are pulled high by the internal pull-ups and can be used as inputs. As inputs, Port 1 pins that are externally being pulled low will source current (IIL) because of the internal pull-ups. Port 1 also receives the low-order address bytes during Flash programming and program verification. Port 2: Port 2 is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pull-ups. The Port 2 output buffers can sink/source four TTL inputs. When 1s are written to Port 2 pins they are pulled high by the internal pull-ups and can be used as inputs. As inputs, Port 2 pins that are externally being pulled low will source current (IIL) because of the internal pull-ups. Port 2 emits the high-order address byte during fetches from external program memory and during accesses to external data memory that uses 16-bit addresses (MOVX A,@DPTR). In this application it uses strong internal pull-ups when emitting 1s. During accesses to external data memory that uses 8-bit addresses (MOVX A,@RI), Port 2 emits the contents of the P2 Special Function Register. Port 2 also receives the

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high-order address bits and some control signals during Flash programming and verification. Port 3: Port 3 is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pull-ups. The Port 3 output buffers can sink/source four TTL inputs. When 1s are written to Port 3 pins they are pulled high by the internal pull-ups and can be used as inputs. As inputs, Port 3 pins that are externally being pulled low will source current (IIL) because of the pull-ups. Port 3 also serves the functions of various special features of the AT89S52 as listed below:

Port 3 Alternator Functions

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FIG: PIN DIAGRAM

RST: RST means RESET; 89S52 uses an active high reset pin. It must go high for two machine cycles. The simple RC circuit used here will supply voltage (Vcc) to reset pin until capacitance begins to charge. At a threshold of about 2.5V, reset input reaches a low level and system begin to run. ALE/PROG: Address Latch Enable output pulse for latching the low byte of the address during accesses to external memory. This pin is also the program pulse input (PROG) during Flash programming. In normal operation ALE is emitted at a constant rate of 1/6 the oscillator frequency, and may be used for external timing or clocking purposes. Note, however, that one ALE pulse is skipped during each access to external Data Memory. If desired, ALE operation can be disabled by setting bit 0 of SFR location 8EH. With the bit set, ALE is active only during a MOVX or MOVC instruction. Otherwise, the pin is weakly pulled high. Setting the ALE-disable bit has no effect if the microcontroller is in external execution mode.

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PSEN: Program Store Enable is the read strobe to external program memory. When the AT89S52 is executing code from external program memory, PSEN is activated twice each machine cycle, except that two PSEN activations are skipped during each access to external data memory. EA/VPP (external access enable): EA must be strapped to GND in order to enable the device to fetch code from external program memory locations starting at OOOOH up to FFFFH. Note, however, that if lock bit 1 is programmed, EA will be internally latched on reset. EA should be strapped to Vcc for internal program executions. This pin also receives the 12-volt programming enable voltage (Vpp) during Flash programming, for parts that require 12-volt Vpp. XTAL1: XTAL2: T2: T2EX: Input to the inverting oscillator amplifier and input to the internal clock operating circuit. Output from the inverting oscillator amplifier. External count input to Timer/Counter 2, Clock out. Counter 2 capture/reload trigger & direction control.

OSCILLATORS: Pins XTAL1 and XTAL2 are provided for connecting a resonant network to form an oscillator. The crystal frequency is basic internal clock frequency. The maximum and minimum frequencies are specified from 1to 24MHZ.Program

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SPY ROBOT instructions may require one, two or four machine cycles to be executed depending on type of instructions.

Program Memory Lock Bits: On the chip there are three lock bits which can be left un programmed (U) or can be programmed (P) to obtain the additional features. When lock bit 1 is programmed, the logic level at the EA pin is sampled and latched during reset. If the device is powered up without a reset, the latch initializes to a random value, and holds that value until reset is activated. It is necessary that the latched value of EA be in agreement with the current logic level at that pin in order for the device to function properly. Program Counter and Data Pointer: The 89S52 contains two 16-bit registers: the program counter (PC) and the data pointer (DPTR). Each is used to hold the address of a byte in memory. The PC is the only register that does not have an internal address. The DPTR is under the control of program instructions and can be specified by its 16-bit name, DPTR, or by each
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individual byte name, DPH and DPL. DPTR does not have a single internal address; DPH and DPL are each assigned an address. A & B Registers: The 89S52 contains 34 general-purpose, working, registers. Two of these, registers A and B, hold results of many instructions, particularly math and logical operations, of the 89S52 CPU. The A register is also used for all data transfers between the 89S52 and any external memory. The B register is used with the A register for multiplication and division operations. Flags and the Program Status Word (PSW): Flags may be conveniently addressed, they are grouped inside the program status word (PSW) and the power control (PCON) registers. The 89S52 has four math flags that respond automatically to the outcomes of math operations and three generalpurpose user flags that can be set to 1 or cleared to 0 by the programmer as desired. The math flags include Carry (C), Auxiliary Carry (AC), Overflow (OV), and Parity (P). User flags are named F0,GF0 and GF1, they are general-purpose flags that may be used by the programmer to record some event in the program.

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Internal Memory: The 89S52 has internal RAM and ROM memory for the functions. Additional memory can be added externally using suitable circuits. 89S52 Memory Architecture: Internal Data Memory addresses are always one byte wide, which implies an address space of only 256 bytes. However, the addressing modes for internal RAM can in fact accommodate 384 bytes, using a simple trick. Direct addresses higher than 7FH access one memory space, and indirect addresses higher than 7FH access a different memory space. Thus Figure shows the Upper 128 and SFR space occupying the same block of addresses, 80H through FFH, although they are physically separate entities. The Lower 128 bytes of RAM are present in all 89S52 devices as mapped in Figure. The lowest 32 bytes are grouped into 4 banks of 8 registers. Program instructions call out these registers as R0 through R7. Two bits in the Program Status Word (PSW) select which register bank is in use. This allows more efficient use of code space, since register instructions are shorter than instructions that use direct addressing. The next 16 bytes above the register banks form a block of bit addressable memory space.

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The 89S52 instruction set includes a wide selection of single-bit instructions, and the 128 bits in this area can be directly addressed by these instructions. The bit addresses in this area are 00H through 7FH. All of the bytes in the Lower 128 can be accessed by either direct or indirect addressing. The Upper 128 (Figure) can only be accessed by indirect addressing. Figure gives a brief look at the Special

Function Register (SFR) space. SFRs include the Port latches, timers, peripheral controls, etc. These registers can only be accessed by direct addressing. Sixteen addresses in SFR space are both byte- and bit-addressable. The bit-addressable SFRs are those whose address ends in OH or 80H.

Upper 128 Bytes of Internal RAM

SFR Space

SPECIAL FUNCTION REGISTERS:

The 89S52 operations that do not use the internal 128-byte RAM addresses from 00h to 7Fh are done by a group of specific internal registers, each called a Special Function register, which may be addressed much like internal RAM, using addresses from 80H to FFH. PC is not part of the SFR and has no internal RAM address. The Stack and Stack Pointer:

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SPY ROBOT The stack refers to an area of internal RAM that is used in conjunction with certain opcodes to store and retrieve data quickly. The 8-bit stack pointer register is used by the 89S52 to hold an internal RAM address that is called the top of the stack. The address held in the SP register is the location in internal RAM where the last byte of data was stored by a stack operation. When data is to be placed on the stack, the SP increments before storing data on the stack so that the stack grows up as data is stored. As data is retrieved from the stack, the byte is read from the stack, then the SP decrements to point to the next available byte of stored data.

Absolute Maximum Ratings:

FEATURES: Compatible with MCS-51 Products. 8K Bytes of In-System Reprogrammable Flash Memory. Endurance: 1,000 Write/Erase Cycles. Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 24 MHz. Three-level Program Memory Lock. 256 x 8-Bit Internal RAM. 32 Programmable I/O Lines. Three 16-bit Timer/Counters. Eight Interrupt Sources. Programmable Serial Channel.
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SPY ROBOT Low power Idle and power down modes 5.2 DTMF DECODER (CM8870): DESCRIPTION: The CAMD CM8870/70C provides full DTMF receiver capability by integrating both the band split filter and digital decoder functions into a single 18-pin DIP, SOIC, or 20-pin PLCC package. The CM8870/70C is manufactured using state-of-the-art CMOS process technology for low power consumption (35mW, max.) and precise data handling. The filter section uses a switched capacitor technique for both high and low group filters and dial tone rejection. TheCM8870/70C decoder uses digital counting techniques for the detection and decoding of all 16 DTMF tone pairs into a 4-bit code. This DTMF receiver minimizes external component count by providing an on-chip differential input amplifier, clock generator, and a latched three-state interface bus. The on-chip clock generator requires only a low cost TV crystal or ceramic resonator as an external component. Features: Full DTMF receiver Less than 35mWpower consumption Industrial temperature range Uses quartz crystal or ceramic resonators Adjustable acquisition and release times 18-pin DIP, 18-pin DIP EIAJ, 18-pin SOIC, 20-Pin PLCC

Adjustable acquisition and release times Functional Description: The CAMD CM8870/70C DTMF Integrated Receiver provides the design engineer with not only low power consumption, but high performance in a small 18-pin

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DIP, SOIC, or 20-pin PLCC package configuration. The CM8870/70Cs internal architecture consists of a band split filter section which separates the high and low tones of the received pair, followed by a digital decode (counting) section which verifies both the frequency and duration of the received tones before passing the resultant 4-bit code to the output bus.

Filter Section: Separation of the low-group and high-group tones is achieved by applying the dual-tone signal to the inputs of two 9th-order switched capacitor bandpass filters. The bandwidths of these filters correspond to the bands enclosing the low-group and highgroup tones. The filter section also incorporates notches at 350 Hz and 440 Hz, which provide excellent dial tone rejection. Each filter output is followed by a single order switched capacitor section which smoothes the signals prior to limiting. High gain comparators perform signal limiting. These comparators are provided with a hysteretic to prevent detection of unwanted low-level signals and noise. The outputs of the comparators provide full-rail logic swings at the frequencies of the incoming tones. Input Configuration: The input arrangement of the CM8870/70C provides a differential input operational amplifier as well as a bias source(Vref) which is used to bias the inputs at mid-rail. Provision is made for connection of a feedback resistor to the op-amp output (GS) for adjustment of gain. In a single-ended configuration, the input pins are connected as shown in Figure, with the op-amp connected for unity gain and V ref biasing the input at VDD. Figure 6 shows the differential configuration, which permits the adjustment of gain with the feedback resistor R5

K.E.S.POLYTECHNIC FOR WOMEN, DEPT OF ECE 2010-2011

SPY ROBOT Clock Circuit: The internal clock circuit is completed with the addition of a standard television color burst crystal or ceramic resonator-having a resonant frequency of 3.579545 MHz. TheCM8870C in a PLCC package has a buffered oscillator output (OSC3) that can be used to drive clock inputs of other devices such as a microprocessor or other CM8870s as shown in Figure. Multiple CM8870/70Cs can be connected as shown in figure 8 such that only one crystal or resonator is required.

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PIN DIAGRAM OF CM8870:

Functional Decode Table:

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PIN FUNTION TABLE:

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SPY ROBOT APPLICATIONS: PABX Central Office Mobile radio Remote control Remote data entry Call limiting Telephone answering system 5.3 RADIO FREQUENCY - AV WIRELESS CAM: A wireless audio and video signal transmitter and receiver system apparatus capable of accepting both external baseband audio and video signal inputs and a modulated external audio/video signal modulated at a particular television channel. A transmitter transmits an audio/video signal to one or more remote receivers which regenerate the original audio/video signal providing both baseband audio and video signal outputs as well as a modulated audio/video signal output at the particular television channel. The transmitter includes a modulated audio/video signal input section and baseband audio and video signal input sections which provide audio sub-carrier and video baseband signals to a video/RF switch which permits the user to select between modulated and baseband inputs to the transmitter. The audio/video signal is AM modulated and up converted before being transmitted to the receiver. The receiver down converts the received audio/video signal and through which a modulated audio/video signal output section connected to baseband audio and video signal output sections serves to provide both modulated and baseband audio/video signal output.

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SPY ROBOT 5.3.1 AV TRANSMITTER CIRCUIT DIAGRAM & DESCRIPTION:

The transmitter is made up of two parts: Audio &Video unit and RF unit. The audio signal from MIC1 is amplified, then modulated by the audio carry frequency oscillator (6.5MHz), the modulated carry frequency is added in the VT of voltage controlled oscillator VCO2 (2.4GHz, D1,Q1). The video signal from CMOS camera passes through the sharp network(R4, R5, C11,R16), also is added in the VT of VCO2, another signal is added in the VT of VCO2 is the error voltage output of loop filter (R1,R24,R25,R28,C17,C19,C25) of PLL(U2) which is programmed by CPU(U1), the channel data is decided by the encode switch(SW1) of CPUs peripheries. The feed back signal (R30,C28) from voltage controlled oscillator VCO2 is compared with reference crystal oscillator, the error frequency of oscillator VCO2 can be corrected. The carry frequency modulated of audio & video has been power amplified by Q2, filtered when through the bandpass filter (C20, C18, C23, microstrip) to make the higher harmonica of signal reduce to lower level. The purer signal is emitted by antenna (RFout). 5.3.2 AV RECEIVER:

Here in this we use RF receiver which works at the frequencies of 900 MHz to 1200 MHz . The receiver receives the signal from the transmitter when we tune the

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tuner circuit of the receiver. The Receiver circuit basically consists of a Receiving Antenna, RF amplifier, Demodulator, Tuner and Display device.

The receiving antenna is used to pickup the Electro-magnetic Signals and converts these signals into Electrical signals. The Antenna is fed to the RF Amplifier which is used to amplify the Electric Signals. The Tuner is used to tune the specified frequency for effective reception. The Demodulator is used to demodulate the modulated signal and produces baseband signal which is similar to the input of the transmitter. The output of the demodulator is given to the any type of display devices to see the Audio & Video of transmitted signal. 5.3.3 TELESCOPIC ANTENNA: Special form of the radio tower is the telescopic mast. These can be erected very quickly. Telescopic masts are used predominantly in setting up temporary radio links for reporting on major news events, and for temporary communications in emergencies. They are also used in tactical military networks. They can save money by needing only withstand high winds when lowered, and as such are widely used in amateur radio. SPECIFICATIONS: Image pickup device TV system Definition Scan frequency Min Illumination Output Power Output frequency Power supply 1/3 inch CMOS PAL/CCIR, NTSC/EIA 380 TV lines PAL/CCIR:50Hz, NTSC/EIa :60Hz 3 LUX 50mW, 200mW 900MHz, 1200 MHz DC +6V to +12 V

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SPY ROBOT 5.3.4 FEATURES: Wireless transmission and reception Small size Light weight Low Power consumption High sensitivity Easy installation & operation Easy to conceit. 5.4 POWER SUPPLY UNIT: In every project we need different voltages for different Circuits. So we need to construct different power supply circuits of different voltages employing different voltage transformers, rectifier circuits, filter circuits and regulator circuits.

This type of construction requires many components (transformers, capacitors, regulators, etc,). So the size of the power supply module becomes bulky and costly. To overcome these disadvantages we use regulator ICs for different voltages [12V, 9V, 5V...] can be obtained with only one transformer.

Components of a typical linear Power Supply The circuit diagram of power supply module is as shone in the figure. The function of each component of the circuit is explained below. It consists of following stages.

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Transformers Rectifiers Filters and Regulator 5.4.1 TRANSFORMER: It is an electrical device which transfers the power from one winding with isolation. All the electronic gadgets works for less voltage [normally 3V to 12V]. So an step down transformer is used, whose function is to step down the A.C voltage from 230V to required voltage depending on the need. In our project 12V-0-12V is used the output of the transformer is connected to the diodes for rectification.

5.4.2 RECTIFIER CIRCUIT: It employs 2 diodes, which converts A.C voltage into D.C voltage. The output of rectifier circuit is not a pure D.C. It also consists of some A.C components, which is called Ripples. In order to remove these A.C components, filter circuits are employed. So the output of rectifier circuit is fed to the filter circuit [capacitor]. 5.4.3 FILTER CIRCUIT: Filter circuit employs electrolytic capacitors inorder to remove the A.C the components. As we know the capacitors does not allow the D.C components to pass through it because it offers high reactance to the D.C components and offers less reactance to the A.C components. So all A.C components will be bi-pass through the ground. 5.4.4 REGULATOR:

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Regulator is an electronic circuit, whose function is to keep its output constant, though the input is varied. In this project the three terminal I.C regulator of 7805 is used for providing output D.C voltages. Eg. 7805, the number 78 represents the positive regulator I.C and 05 represents the output voltage i.e. output is 5V.

6. ICS AND HARDWARE COMPONENTS

6.1 REGULATOR (LM7805): A variable regulated power supply, also called a variable bench power supply, is one where you can continuously adjust the output voltage to your requirements. Varying the output of the power supply is the recommended way to test a project after having double checked parts placement against circuit drawings and the parts placement guide. This type of regulation is ideal for having a simple variable bench power supply. Actually this is quite important because one of the first projects a hobbyist should undertake is the construction of a variable regulated power supply. While a dedicated supply is quite handy e.g. 5V or 12V, its much handier to have a variable supply on hand, especially for testing.

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Most digital logic circuits and processors need a 5 volt power supply. To use these parts we need to build a regulated 5 volt source. Usually you start with an unregulated power supply ranging from 9 volts to 24 volts DC. To make a 5 volt power supply, we use a LM7805 voltage regulator IC (Integrated Circuit). The IC is shown below. The LM7805 is simple to use. You simply connect the positive lead of your unregulated DC power supply (anything from 9VDC to 24VDC) to the Input pin, connect the negative lead to the Common pin and then when you turn on the power, you get a 5 volt supply from the Output pin.

6.1.1 CIRCUIT FEATURES: Brief description of operation: Gives out well regulated +5V output, output current capability of 100 mA. Circuit protection: Built-in overheating protection shuts down output when regulator IC gets too hot. Circuit complexity: Very simple and easy to build. Circuit performance: Very stable +5V output voltage, reliable operation. Availability of components: Easy to get, uses only very common basic components. Design testing: Based on datasheet example circuit, I have used this circuit successfully as part of many electronics projects. Applications: Part of electronics devices, small laboratory power supply.

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SPY ROBOT Power supply voltage: Unregulated DC 8-18V power supply. Power supply current: Needed output current + 5 mA. Component costs: Few dollars for the electronics components + the input transformer cost.

6.1.1 CIRCUIT FEATURES: 6.2 COMPARATOR (LM393): A standard op-amp operating without negative feedback can be used as a comparator. When the non-inverting input (V+) is at a higher voltage than the inverting input (V-), the high gain of the op-amp causes it to output the most positive voltage it can. When the non-inverting input (V+) drops below the inverting input (V-), the opamp outputs the most negative voltage it can. Since the output voltage is limited by the supply voltage, for an op-amp that uses a balanced, split supply, (powered by V S) this action can be written: Vout =Vsgn(V+ - V-) where sign(x) is the sign function. Generally, the positive and negative supplies VS will not match absolute value:

6.2.1 DESCRIPTION: The LM393 series consists of two independent precision voltage comparators with an offset voltage specification as low as 2.0mV max for two comparators which

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were designed specifically to operate from a single power supply over a wide range of voltages.

Operation from split power supplies is also possible and the low power supply current drain is independent of the magnitude of the power supply voltage. These comparators also have a unique characteristic in that the input common-mode voltage range includes ground, even though operated from a single power supply voltage. The LM393 series was designed to directly interface with TTL and CMOS. When operated from both plus and minus power supplies, the LM393 series will directly interface with MOS logic where their low power drain is a distinct advantage over standard comparators.

6.2.2 FEATURES: Wide single supply voltage range 2.0V DC to 36V DC or dual supplies 1.0V DC, to 18V DC Very low supply current drain (0.8mA) independent of supply voltage (2.0mW/comparator at 5.0V DC) Low input biasing current 25nA Low input offset current 5nA and offset voltage 2mV Input common-mode voltage range includes ground

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SPY ROBOT Differential input voltage range equal to the power supply voltage Low output 250mV at 4mA saturation voltage Output voltage compatible with TTL, DTL, ECL, MOS and CMOS logic systems. 6.2.3 APPLICATIONS: A/D converters Wide range VCO MOS clock generator 6.3 DARLINGTON AMPLIFIER ARRAY (ULN2003): Ideally suited for interfacing between low-level logic circuitry and multiple peripheral power loads, the Series ULN20xxA/L high-voltage, high-current Darlington arrays feature continuous load current ratings to 500 mA for each of the seven drivers. At an appropriate duty cycle depending on ambient temperature and number of drivers turned ON simultaneously, typical power loads totaling over 230 W (350 mA x 7, 95 V) can be controlled. Typical loads include relays, solenoids, stepping motors,

magnetic print hammers, multiplexed LED and incandescent displays, and heaters. All devices feature open-collector outputs with integral clamp diodes. The ULN2003A/L and ULN2023A/L have series input resistors selected for operation directly with 5V TTL or CMOS. The ULN2004A/L and ULN2024A/L have series input resistors for operation directly from 6 to 15 V CMOS or PMOS logic outputs.
diagram Fig: pin

The ULN2003A/L and ULN2004A/L are the standard Darlington arrays. The outputs are capable of sinking 500 mA and will withstand at least 50 V in the OFF state. Outputs may be paralleled for higher load current capability. The ULN2023A/L and ULN2024A/L will withstand 95 V in the OFF state.

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These

Darlington

arrays

are

furnished in 16-pin dual in-line plastic packages (suffix A) and 16-lead surface-mountable SOICs (suffix L). All devices are pinned with outputs opposite inputs to facilitate ease of circuit board layout. All devices are rated for operation over the temperature range of -200C to +850C. Most (see matrix, next page) are also available for operation to -400C; to order, change the prefix from ULN to ULQ. 6.3.1 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS: Output Voltage, VCE ULN 200xA and ULN 200xL) 50 V Input Voltage, V in 30V Continuous Output current, IC 500mA Continuout Input Current , I in - 25 mA Power Dissipation,PD One Darlington paid 1.0 W Operating Temperature Range TA -20C to +85C Storage Temperature Range TS -55C to + 150C 6.3.2 FEATURES: TTL, DTL, PMOS, or CMOS - Compatible Inputs Output Current to 500 mA Output Voltage to 95 V Transient-Protected Outputs Dual In-Line Plastic Package or Small-Outline IC Package. 6.4 RESISTOR: A resistor is a two-terminal electronic component designed to oppose an electric current by producing a voltage drop between its terminals in proportion to the current, that is, in accordance with Ohms law: V = IR Resistors are used as part of electrical networks and electronic circuits. They are extremely commonplace in most electronic equipment. Practical resistors can be made
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SPY ROBOT of various compounds and films, as well as resistance wire (wire made of a highresistivity alloy, such as nickel/chrome). 6.5 CAPACITOR: In October 1745, Ewald Georg von Kleist of Pomerania in Germany found that charge could be stored by connecting a generator by a wire to a volume of water in a hand-held glass jar. The following year, the Dutch physicist Pieter van Musschenbroek invented a similar capacitor, which was named the Leyden jar, after the University of Leyden where he worked. A capacitor or condenser is a passive electronic component consisting of a pair of conductors separated by a dielectric. When a voltage potential difference exists between the conductors, an electric field is present in the dielectric. This field stores energy and produces a mechanical force between the plates. The effect is greatest between wide, flat, parallel, narrowly separated conductors. Energy storage i(t) = c dv(t)/dt 6.6 DIODE: When a P-type Semiconductor material pieces are joined together, the contact surface is called Pn junction. P-n junction makes a very useful device and also known as a Semiconductor diode as shown in figure.

6.6.1

WORKING:

P-N Junction with No Bias: P-N junction is just formed as follows. Initially only P-type carriers are sent to the left of junction and only n-type carriers to the right

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of the junction. As soon as a junction is formed following changes will take place. Holes from P-region diffuse into n-region and Vice-Versa due to this recombination of holes and electrons takes place. A restraining force is setup automatically due to which further diffusion is prevented. It is because now positive charge one-side and The total

negative charge on P-type repels corresponding holes and electrons. recombination of holes and electrons cannot takes places in entire diode.

P-N Junction with forward Biasing: When the applied voltage to P-N junction is in such as direction that it reduces the potential burrier and permits the flow of current through device is called forward biasing. P-N Junction with reverse Biasing: When the applied voltage to a P-N junction is in such a direction that it increases the potential barrier and prevents the flow of current through device is called reverse biasing.

6.7 TRANSISTOR:
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A Transistor consists of two P-N junctions formed by sandwiching either P-type or n-type semiconductor between a pair of opposite type. There are two types of transistor namely, (1) N-P-N transistor (2) P-N-P transistor 1. These are two P-N junctions . Therefore, a transistor may be regarded as a combination of two diodes connected back to back. 2. There are three terminals, taken from each type of Semiconductor 3. The middle section is a very thin layer. This is the most important faction in the function of a transistor A transistor has three sections of doped Semiconductors. The section on one side is the EMITTER and the section on the opposite side is the COLLECTOR. The middle section is called the BASE and forms two junctions between the emitter and collector. EMITTER: The section on one side that supplies charge carriers (electrons or holes) is called the emitter. The emitter is always forward biased with respect to base so that it can supply a large number of majority carriers. The emitter of P-N-P transistor is forward biased and supplies hole charges to its junction with the base. COLLECTOR: The section on the other side that collects the charges is called the collector. The collector is always reverse biased. Its function is to remove charges from its junction with the base. The collector of PNP transistor has a reverse bias and receives hole charges that flow in the output Circuit. BASE: The middle section which forms two P-N junctions between the emitter and collector is called the base. The base-emitter junction is forward biased, allowing low resistance for the emitter circuit. The base-collector junction is reverse biased and provides high resistance in the collector circuit. 6.7.1 APPLICATIONS: Transistors are widely used in electronic circuits.

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SPY ROBOT These are mainly use to amplifying weak signals. It can used as a ON and OFF switch. It is used in Oscillator circuits.

6.8 RELAY: A relay is the simplest from can be described as an electrically operated switch. Relay cab be defined as a device that opens or closes an auxillary circuit under some predetermined condition in the main circuit. The about of relay is to act as a sort of electric magnifies i.e., to say, it enables a comparatively weak current to bring in to operation a much stronger current 6.8.1 RELAY CONSTRUCTION: It consists of 3 basic elements. An actuating element called exciting coil. Linkage to transfer the actuation de-actuation of I/P to O/P Output element or the contacts.

FIGURE shows construction of general purpose electro magnetic relay. It contains core surrounded by coil of wire the core is mounted on metal frame. The movable part of

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relay is called armature when a voltage is applied to the coil, current following through it produces a magnetic field in the core. In other words, the core acts electromagnetic and attracts the metal armature. When the armature is attached to the core, the magnetic path is from the core through armature, through the frame and back to the core. One removing the voltage the spring attached to armature return the armature to its original position. In this current position there is small in gap. Hence more power is needed for pull in the armature than that needed to keep its held in the attracted position. The relay contacts and terminals are mounted on an insulated board. When no current flows through the relay coil, the contact arm touches the top contact. When coil is actuated by flow of current armature along with the contact arm assembly moves down words to that the contact arm touches the bottom contact. 6.8.2 APPLICATIONS: Used in telephone circuit & telegraphic circuits. Used in emergency lights, battery chargers. Used in voltage controllers, remote operated equipment.

6.9

LED: It is a semiconductor diode having radioactive recombination. It requires a

definite amount of energy to generate an electron-hole pair. The same energy is released when an electron recombines with a hole. This released energy may result in the emission of photon and such a recombination. Hear the amount of energy released when the electro reverts from the conduction band to the valence band appears in the form of radiation. Alternatively the released energy may result in a series of photons causing lattice vibration. Finally the released energy may be transferred to another electron. The recombination radiation may be lie in the infra-red and visible light spectrum. In forward is peaked around the band gap energy and the phenomenon is

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called injection luminescence. In a junction biased in the avalanche break down region , there results a spectrum of photons carrying much higher energies . Almost White light then gets emitted from micro-plasma breakdown region in silicon junction. Diodes having radioactive recombination are termed as Light Emitting Diode, abbreviated as LEDs. In gallium arsenide diode, recombination is predominantly a radiation recombination and the probability of this radioactive recombination far exceeds that in either germanium or silicon . Hence GaAs LED has much higher efficiency in terms of Photons emitted per carrier. The internal efficiency of GaAs LED may ba very close to 100% but because of high index of refraction, only a small fraction of the internal radiation can usually come out of the device surface. In spite of this low efficiency of actually radiated light, these LEDs are efficiency used as light emitters in visual display units and in optically coupled circuits, The efficiency of light generation increases with the increase of injected current and with decreases in temperature. generated is concentrated near the junction since most of the charge carriers are obtained within one diffusion length of the diode junction. The following are the merits of LEDs over conventional incandescent and other types of lamps Low Working voltages and currents Less power consumption Very fast action Emission of monochromatic light Small size and weight No effect of mechanical vibrations Extremely long life The light so

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Typical LED uses a forward voltage of about 2V and current of 5 to 10mA.GaAs LED produces infra-red light while red, green and orange lights are produced by gallium arsenide phosphide (GaAs) and gallium phosphide(Gap). 6.10 BUZZER: A buzzer or beeper is a signaling device, usually electronic, typically used in automobiles, household appliances such as a microwave oven, or game shows. It most commonly consists of a number of switches or sensors connected to a control unit that determines if and which button was pushed or a preset time has lapsed, and usually illuminates a light on the appropriate button or control panel, and sounds a warning in the form of a continuous or intermittent buzzing or beeping sound. Initially this device was based on an electromechanical system which was identical to an electric bell without the metal gong (which makes the ringing noise). Often these units were anchored to a wall or ceiling and used the ceiling or wall as a sounding board. Another implementation with some AC-connected devices was to implement a circuit to make the AC current into a noise loud enough to drive a loudspeaker and hook this circuit up to a cheap 8-ohm speaker. Now-a-days, it is more popular to use a ceramic-based piezo-electric sounder like a Sonalert which makes a high-pitched tone. Usually these were hooked up to driver circuits which varied the pitch of the sound or pulsed the sound on and off. 6.10.1 Buzzer Driver: The circuit is designed to control the buzzer. The buzzer ON and OFF is controlled by the pair of switching transistors (BC 547). The buzzer is connected in the Q2 transistor collector terminal.

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When high pulse signal is given to base of the Q1 transistors, the transistor is conducting and close the collector and emitter terminal so zero signals is given to base of the Q2 transistor. Hence Q2 transistor and buzzer is turned OFF state. When low pulse is given to base of transistor Q1, the transistor is turned OFF. Now 12V is given to base of Q2 transistor so the transistor is conducting and buzzer is energized and produces the sound signal.

Pcb Fabrication Details

Printed Circuit Board (PCB):

It is a preplanned inter connecting system in which active and passive components can be inserted and soldered printed circuit is usually formed on a copper clad laminate based on phenolic resign bonded paper base or copper clad laminate based on epoxy resign based glass fabric laminate.

Fabrication of PCB using paints and acid resisting:

Copper clad sheet is cut according to the size. Then it is cleaned using detergent powder and thinner. The required layout is drawn on the clean copper surface by using carbon paper then it is painted. After preparation the copper clad sheet is allowed to dry. A solution of ferric chloride is prepared in a tray by using ferric chloride powder and hard water. Copper clad sheet is kept in ferric chloride solution with copper side upwards. Then the portion of the copper which is not painted is dissolved in the ferric chloride solution. This process is known as etching. It may take half an hour to two hours. Then the PCB is taken from the solution and wash with water, paint is removed. Then holes are drilled for mounting the components by using drilling machine.

Soldering methods of PCB:

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SPY ROBOT There are basically two soldering methods, Manuals soldering with iron Mass soldering

Manual soldering with iron:

The surface to be soldered is cleaned and fluxed. The soldering iron is switched on and allowed to attain soldering temperature. The solder in the form of wire is applied near the component to be soldered and heated with iron. The surfaces to be soldered or filled. Iron is removed and the joint is cooled without disturbing.

Cleaning the PCB after soldering:

This method is used when cleaning is required after soldering with flux solder paste: The cleaning process should be done by hand using a soft brush. Simply and gently brush the cleaning agent on the area needing to be cleaned.

7. MOTORS
7.1 LINEAR MOTOR: In any electric motor, operation is based on simple electro-magnetism. A currentcarrying conductor generates a magnetic field; when this is then placed in an external magnetic field, it will experience a force proportional to the current in the conductor, and to the strength of the external magnetic field. As you are well aware of from playing with magnets as a kid, opposite (North and South) polarities attract, while like polarities (North and North, South and South) repel. The internal configuration of a DC

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motor is designed to hardness the magnetic interaction between a current-carrying conductor and an external magnetic field to generate rotational motion. Lets start by looking at a simple 2-pole DC electric motor (here red represents a magnet or winding with a North polarization, while green represents a magnet or winding with a South polarization).Every DC motor has six basic parts axle, rotor (a.k.a., armature), stator, commutator, field magnet(s), and brushes. In most common DC motors (and all that Beamers will see), the external magnetic field is produced by high-strength permanent magnets. The stator is the stationary part of the motor i.e., this includes the motor casing, as wellas two or more permanent magnet pole pieces. The rotor (together with the axle and attached commutator) rotates with respect to the stator. The rotor consists of windings (generally on a core), the windings being electrically connected to the commutator. The above diagram shows a common motor layout with the rotor inside the stator (field) magnets. 7.2 STEPPER MOTOR: A stepper motor is an electro-mechanical device which converts electrical pulses into discrete mechanical movements. The shaft or spindle of a stepper motor rotates in discrete step increments when electrical command pulses are applied to it in the proper sequence. The motors rotation has several direct relationships to these applied input pulses. The sequence of the applied pulses is directly related to the direction of motor shafts rotation. The speed of the motor shafts rotation is directly related to the frequency of the input pulses and the length of rotation is directly related to the number of input pulses applied.

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Principle of Stepper Motor

Principle of a disc-magnetic motor

When a phase winding of a stepper motor is energized with current a magnetic flux is developed in the stator. The direction of this flux is determined by the Right Hand Rule which states:If the coil is grasped in the right hand with the fingers pointing in the direction of the current in the winding (the thumb is extended at a 90 0 angle to the fingers), then the thumb will point in the direction of the magnetic field. Figure shows the magnetic flux path developed when phase B is energized with winding current in the direction shown. The rotor then aligns itself so that the flux opposition is minimized. In this case the motor would rotate clockwise so that its south pole aligns with the north pole of the stator B at position 2 and its north pole aligns with the south pole of stator B at position 6. To get the motor to rotate we can now see that we must provide a sequence of energizing the stator windings in such a fashion that provides a rotating magnetic flux field which the rotor follows due to magnetic attraction.

SOFTWARE DETAILS
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8. SOFTWARE DETAILS: ; ind.SPY ROBO THROUGH CELL GSM/CDMA 08-02-2010 ;LINEAR MOTORS-2 FINAL ;P1.0=DATA ;P1.1=DATA ;P1.2=DATA ;P1.3=DATA ;P1.4=STB ;P0.0=LM1 ;P0.1=LM1 ;P0.2=LM2 ;P0.3=LM2 ;P0.4 = buzzer ;P0.6 =GUN ORG 0 LJMP SAA ORG 0050H SAA: MOV P0,#00H ;all rly off MOV P2,#FFH SA: MOV P1,#FFH ;CLR P1.6 ;SET RLY TO PH LINE ;MOV R0,#00H ;LCALL DEL ; INC R0 LCALL WDSUBR CJNE R4,#01H,DISC1 LCALL DTD CJNE R2,#0AH,DISC1 ;originating at 0 location ;jump to label saa

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SPY ROBOT LJMP FDF DISC1: LJMP DISC FDF: LCALL WDSUBR LCALL DTD CJNE R2,#01H,N1 LCALL M_FOR LCALL SEC1 LCALL M_OFF N1: CJNE R2,#02H,N2 LCALL M_REV LCALL SEC1 LCALL M_OFF N2: CJNE R2,#03H,N3 LCALL M_LFT LCALL SEC1 LCALL M_OFF N3: CJNE R2,#04H,N4 LCALL M_RGT LCALL SEC1 LCALL M_OFF N4: N5: N6: CJNE R2,#05H,N5 ;CAM R LCALL CAML CJNE R2,#06H,N6 LCALL CAMR CJNE R2,#07H,N7 SETB P0.6 LCALL SEC1 CLR P0.6 LCALL SEC SETB P0.6 ;GUN ;CAM L CJNE R4,#01H,DISC1

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SPY ROBOT LCALL SEC1 CLR P0.6 N7: N8: CJNE R2,#09H,N8 ;GUN LJMP DISC LJMP FDF ;---------------------------DISC: LCALL DEL LJMP SA ;-------------------------M_OFF: CLR P0.0 CLR P0.1 CLR P0.2 CLR P0.3 RET M_FOR: CLR P0.0 SETB P0.1 CLR P0.2 SETB P0.3 RET M_REV: SETB P0.0 CLR P0.1 SETB P0.2 CLR P0.3 RET M_LFT: CLR P0.0 SETB P0.1 CLR P0.2 CLR P0.3 RET M_RGT: CLR P0.0

K.E.S.POLYTECHNIC FOR WOMEN, DEPT OF ECE 2010-2011

SPY ROBOT CLR P0.1 CLR P0.2 SETB P0.3 RET CAML: RET CAMR: RET ;--------------------------DTD: PP: MOV R7,#4FH AEE: ADE: ABE: JNB P1.4,ACE LCALL DEL1 JNB P1.4,ABE EDR: MOV R2,P1 CLR A MOV A,R2 ANL A,#0FH MOV R2,A ;MOV P0,A RET ACE: DJNZ R5,ABE DJNZ R6,ADE DJNZ R7,AEE MOV R4,#02H RET ;-------------------------WDSUBR: AE: MOV R7,#4FH MOV R6,#FFH MOV R6,#FFH MOV R5,#FFH

K.E.S.POLYTECHNIC FOR WOMEN, DEPT OF ECE 2010-2011

SPY ROBOT AD: AB: MOV R5,#FFH JNB P1.4,AC LCALL DEL1 JNB P1.4,AB MOV R4,#01H RET AC: DJNZ R5,AB DJNZ R6,AD DJNZ R7,AE MOV R4,#02H RET DEL1: L1: MOV PSW,#08H MOV R6,#0FH MOV R7,#FFH DJNZ R7,$ DJNZ R6,L1 MOV PSW,#00H RET DEL: M1: M2: MOV PSW,#08H MOV R5,#03H MOV R6,#FFH MOV R7,#FFH DJNZ R7,$ DJNZ R6,M2 DJNZ R5,M1 MOV PSW,#00H RET SEC: MOV R7,#03H SXAE1: SXAD1: MOV R6,#FFH MOV R5,#FFH ;STATUS CHK #01 OK,#02 NOT OK

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SPY ROBOT SXAB1: DJNZ R5,SXAB1 DJNZ R6,SXAD1 DJNZ R7,SXAE1 RET SEC1: MOV R7,#0AH GXAE1: GXAD1: GXAB1: MOV R6,#FFH MOV R5,#FFH DJNZ R5,GXAB1

DJNZ R6,GXAD1 DJNZ R7,GXAE1 RET ;--------------------------------------END;

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9. ADVANTAGES & APPLICATIONS

9.1 ADVANTAGES:

* * * * * 9.2

Small in size. Easy to operate from any where in the world. Used in a Remote areas also where the facility of Cell network is provided. Used for various Spy Operations. Cost of manufacture is very less.

APPLICATIONS: * * Used in Military Operations. Used in Spy Operations.

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CONCLUSION
10. CONCLUSION: The main moto of our project was to spy the events from any where in the world by using the GSM/CDMA or even a LAND LINE network, and transmitted the audio and video signals at a time by using the wireless cam.

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REFERENCE
11. REFERENCES:

ELECTRIC PRICIPLES Author : Albert malvino, David J Bates. PROGRAMMING AND CUSTOMIZING THE AVR MICONTROLLER Author : Dhananjay V Gadre. PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS Author : Harbert Taub, Donald L Schilling, Goutam saha. ELECTRIC MACHINES Author : DP Kothari, IJ Nagrath.

* MOBILE AND CELLULAR COMMUNICATION Author : CM Lee. INTERNET from WIKIPIEDEA.

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PROJECT VIEW:

WIRELESS CAM:

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