DENSITY BASED TRAFFIC LIGHT CONTROLLER

ABSTRACT The aim of the project is to solve traffic congestion which is a severe problem in many modern cities all over the world. Vehicular travel is increasing throughout the world, particularly in large urban areas. Therefore the need arises for simulating and optimizing traffic control algorithms to better accommodate this increasing demand. This project introduces an adaptive signal control system utilizing an on-line signal performance measure. Unlike conventional signal control systems, the proposed method employs real-time delay estimation and an on-line signal timing update algorithm. This project is devoted to control the traffic at the 4-way junction depending on density of the vehicles available at the particular junction instead of regular timing traffic control system. To achieve this project we used IR sensors, a micro controller system, tri color LEDs, relays. In this project we have some IR sensors; each pair is placed on either side of the road. This IR pair consists of a transmitter and a receiver. The IR transmitter transmits the infrared laser beam to the receiver. If the receiver receives the laser beam without any obstruction it means that there are no vehicles waiting on that particular road. So RED signal is assigned to that particular road. In case if any vehicles are waiting on that road, they obstruct the laser beam and so the receiver is unable to receive the beam. So that particular

road is assigned GREEN signal. The micro controller system reads all the sensors on particular road, and simultaneously on all the other roads of the junction to know the density of the traffic at one particular end of the junction. After knowing the density level of the 4 ways in the junction a priority level to each way is assigned. According to this priority that particular way is first given green signal and it repeats cyclically to the other ways. Once the complete rotation finishes, the whole process continuous repeatedly.Thus To solve the problem, we have designed a framework for a dynamic and automatic traffic light control system and developed a simulation model with codes to help building the system on hardware. Generally, each traffic light on an intersection is assigned a constant green signal time. It is possible to propose dynamic time-based coordination schemes where the green signal time of the traffic lights is assigned based on the present conditions of traffic. This is achieved by using 3 pair of IR sensors (Transmitter and Receiver) across the road to monitor a particular length / zone while vehicles on the same zone block the IR light falling on the IR receiver to assume low traffic density. The next pair of sensors at a still longer distance forms the medium zone and a last pair forms the high density condition The signals from the IR receivers are fed to the MC to follow the program with the time, changing as per the zonal signal received .As there are 3 zones only, it is immaterial if vehicles are parked side by side. As it crosses the zone, the green time automatically changes as programmed.