P repared by Department of Higher S econdary Education (Examination w ing)

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Plus - 2

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Unit : 1. ATOMIC STRUCTURE AND CHEMICAL BONDING C.O. Qn. (1) Eleectromagnatic radiation prossess particale as well as wave charater. Like radiation matter also exhibit dual character. a) b) c) Who proposed dual character of matter ? Eastablish the relationship showing the momentum of the moving particle and wave length associated with it. Calculate the wavelength of an electron moving with a velocity of 3 106 m/s. [4 score; 6 minutes] CeIvt{Sm-am-K-\-nIv tdUn-tb-j\v IWn-Im-kz-`m-hhpw Xcw-K-kz-`m-h-hp-ap-v. AXp-t]mse {Zhy-n\pw ssZzX-kz-`m-h-apv b) c) Nen-p IW--fpsS Bhpw (momentum) Xcw-K-ssZLyhpw Xn-ep _w m]n-p-I. :1

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3 106 m/s thK-X-bn k-cn-p Hcp Ce-Ivt{Sm-Wns Xcw-K-ssZLyw Ip-]n-Snp-I.

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Scoring Key
Scoring Indicators

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1 12 2

a)

BcmWv {Zhy-ns ssZzX-kz-`mhw {]kvXm-hn-Xv ?

[4 kvtIm; 6 an\nv]
Stage Score Total Time Score (Minutes)

(b)

(1 1 2 score for describing the parameter (c) C.O. Qn. (2) Solving problems and answer with unit : 1, 1

Derivation of the equation =

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h mv
1 2

(a)

de-Brouglie

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x 3)

Heisenbergs uncertanity principle rules out the existence of definite paths or trejectories. a) b) The uncertanity in position of an electron is measured as 108 m. If so find out the uncertanity in its velocity. Using this result justify the probability concept of the electron in the quantum mechnical model of atom. [3 score; 5 minutes] slbvk_Kns A\nnXXz XXzw Ce-Ivt{Sm-Wp-I-fpsS km-c-ns nc-]mXsb \ncm-I-cn-p-p. a) Hcp Ce-Ivt{Sm m\-\nW-b-nse A\nnXXzw 108 m BsW-n AXns {]th-K-n-ep (velocity) A\n-n-XXzw \nW-bn-p-I.

b)

apI-fn e`n Dcw D]-tbm-Knv Izmw sam-\n- Bw amXr-I-bnse Ce-Ivt{Sm km[yXm kev]w (t{]m_-_n-enn kev]w) km[q-I-cn-p-I. [3 kvtIm; 5 an\nv]

Scoring Key
Scoring Indicators Stage Score Total Time Score (Minutes)

(a)

x . mv = Substitution

h 4
4

(c)

Result with unit (10 m/s) Uncertanity in velocity is so large that the classical picture of electron moving in Bohrs orbit cannot hold good :3

1 1 3 5

C.O. Qn. (3)

1. 2. 3. 4.

Principal quantum number Azimuthal quantum number Magnetic quantum number Spin quantum number

a) b) c) e) d)

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a) b) c) d) e)

Match the following.

Orientation of electron cloud

Angular momentum of electron Size and energy of orbital

Orientation of spin of electron Electronic configuration [2 score; 2 minutes]

1. 2. 3. 4.

{]nkn- Izmw \ Akn-ap- Izmw \ amK-\-nIv Izmw \ kv]n Izmw \

tNcpw-]Sn tNp-I.

Ce-Ivt{Sm uUns Hmdn-b-t-j Ce-Ivt{Sm-Wns BKp-e samaw Hm_n--ens DuPhpw hen-hpw Ce-Ivt{Sm {`a-W-ns Hmdn-b-t-j Ce-Ivt{Sm-WnIv tIm^n-K-td-j [2 kvtIm; 2 an\nv]

Scoring Key
Scoring Indicators Stage Score
1 2

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B
B Total Time Score (Minutes)

1 -c, 2 - b, 3 - 1, 4 - d ( 1 2 score each)

C.O. Qn. (4)

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M.O. diagram for H2 molecule is given below. 1s 1s 1s MO Resketch the M.O. digram for He2 and He+2. Prdict the stability of He2 and He+2 with the help of bond order. [4 score; 6 minutes] H2 Xm-{X-bpsS M.O. Ub{Kw Xmsg-sm-Sp-n-cn-p-p. 1s 1s AO 1s
MO

AO

1s AO

a) b)

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b)

t_mv HmU D]-tbm-Knv He2, He+2 Ch-bpsS ncX {]h-Nn-p-I. [4 kvtIm; 6 an\nv]
Stage Score Total Time Score (Minutes)

Scoring Indicators

(a)

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Scoring Key

a)

Cu Ub-{K-n ssl{U-P-\p-]-Icw, He2, He+2 Ch-bpsS M.O. Ub{Kw hc-bvp-I.

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1s AO

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N b Na 2 22 =0 2

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1s AO (2) 1s 1s MO (He+2) 1s AO (1) (4) (6) (1)

1s AO

1s

1s MO (He2)

1s AO

(c)

Bond order = Bond order of He2 = Bond order of He+2 =

2 1 1 = 2 2 He2 is unstable because bond order = 0 He+2 is stable because bond order is positive

C.O. Qn. (5)

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The geometry of PCl5 molecule is given below. Cl Cl Cl P Cl Cl PCl5 Xm-{XbpsS PymaoXn Xmsg sImSp-n-cn-p-p. Cl Cl Cl P Cl b) c) Cl a) a) b) c) Using the electronic configuration of P atom (Atomic no.15) explain the formation of 5P Cl bonds. Give the bond angles. PCl5 is a very reactive moleucle. Explain. [4 score; 5 minutes]

t^mkv^-dkv B-ns (Atm-anI kwJy = 15)

t_mv BwKn Fgp-Xp-I.

PCl5 {Inbm-ti-jn-bp Xm{Xbm-Wv. hni-Zo-I-cn-p-I.

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Ce-Ivt{Sm-WnIv tIm^n-K-td-j D]-tbm-Knv 5P Cl _- cq]-s-Sp-Xv hni-Zo-I-cn-p-I.

Scoring Key
Scoring Indicators

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1 2

[4 kvtIm; 5 an\nv]
Stage Score Total Time Score (Minutes)

(a)

(b) (c)

Two bond angles = 900, Three bond angles = 1200 2 P Cl axial bonds are slightly elongated to minimise repulsive interaction from equitorial bond pairs. So 2 P Cl axial bonds are weaker than equitorial bonds.

Eexcited state configuration of P, formation of sp3d hybrid orbitals of P atom, overlapping of 5 Cl with sp3d bybrid orbital of P.

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Unit : 2. THE SOLID STATE C.O. Qn. (1) Thermal and electriacal conductivity of a solid is different in different directions. a) b) Name the phenomenon involved. Classify the following as amorphous or crystalline solids - polyurthane, naphthalene, potassium nitrate, polyvinyl chloride, copper, teflon. [3 score; 5 minutes] Hcp Jc-]-ZmY-ns Xm]-Nm-e-I-Xbpw sshZypX Nme-I-Xbpw hyXykvX Zni-bn hyXy-kvX-am-Wv. a) b) CXp-ambn _-s {]Xn-`mkw GXv? Xmsg-sm-Sp-n-cn-p--h-sb Atam^kv tkmfn-Uv, {In-sse tkmfnUv Fn-s\ Xcw Xncn-p-I. t]mfn-bq-dn-t-bv, \m^v-eo, s]mmkyw ss\t{S-v, t]mfn-hn-ss\ tmssd-Uv, tIm, sS^vtfm. :7

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Scoring Indicators

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Scoring Key

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1 12 1 12 1

[4 kvtIm; 6 an\nv]
Stage Score Total Time Score (Minutes)

(a) (b)

anisotropic - so crystalline solid

Crystalline solid - pottasium nitrate, copper, nafthalene

Based on the nature of intermolecular forces classify the solids into different categories: Pottassium sulphate, tin, brass, napthalene, ammonia, water, zinc, sulphide, graphite, argon, silicon carbide, phosphorus. [3 scores; 4 minutes] Ctam-fn-Iyp-em t^mgvkns ASn-m-\-n Xmsg Xn-cn-p tkmfn-Up-Isf Xcw Xncnp-I. s]mmkyw kt^-v, Sn, ]nf, Atam-Wn-b, Pew, knvkt^-v, {Kmss^-v, BK, knen- Imss_-Uv, t^mkv^-dkv [4 kvtIm; 6 an\nv] Scoring Key
Scoring Indicators Stage Score Total Time Score (Minutes)

Molecular solids: phosphorus, napthalene NH3, water (hydrogen bonded), argon (London forces)

Qn. (2)

C.O.

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Amporphous solid - polyuvethane, PVC, teflon

Covalent solids: Graphite, silicon, carbide Ionic solids: Potassium sulphate, zinc sulphate Metallic solids: Tin, brass C.O. Qn. (3) :7

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Scoring Indicators

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( 1 2 3)

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1 1 12 1 12 1 3

Based on the dimensions of unit cell, crystals can be classified into seven. a) Name the crystalline system which resembles with match box. b) Draw the structure of different cubic unit cells and calculate the number of particles in different cubic unit cells. [4 scores; 8 minutes] bqWnv skns ssUaj ASn-m-\-am-n, {In-ep-Isf Xcw-Xn-cn-mw. a) Xos-n-bp-ambn kmay-ap {In-sse knw GXv? b) hyXykvX Iyq_nIv bqWnv skp-I-fpsS Nn{Xw hcv Hmtcm-n-ep-ap IWn-I-I-fpsS Fw IW-m-p-I. [4 kvtIm; 8 an\nv] Scoring Key
Stage Score Total Time Score (Minutes)

a) b)

Orthorhombic Figures Calculations ( 1 2 3)

C.O.

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Qn. (4) W.H. Bragg and W.L. Bragg shared the Nobel prize for their work on X-ray diffraction on crystals. a) Give the Bragg equation and describe the parameters. b) The first order diffraction of X-rays from certain set of crystal planes occurs at an angle of 8.8o from planes. If the planes are 0.3nm apart. Calculate the wave length of X-rays [3 scores; 5 minutes] U_yp.-F-v. {_muKv, U_yp.-F. {_mKv Chv {In-en \S-nb FIvtktd Un{^m- ]T-\-n\v t\m_ km\w e`n-p-I-bp-m-bn. a) {_mKv ka-hm-Iy-w FgpXn D]-tbm-Kn-n-cn-p {]XoI hni-Z-am-p-I. b) Hcp {I-en FIvkvtd _ow ]Xn-n--tm 8.8o tImWn ^v HmU Un{^mIvj ]mt e`n-p. {In Xe- Xn-ep AIew 0.3nm BsW-n FIvtd-bpsS Xcw-K-ssZLyw IW-m-p-I. [4 kvtIm; 8 an\nv] Scoring Key
Scoring Indicators

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Stage Score

Total Time Score (Minutes)

a) b)

n = =

2d sin
2d sin = n

2 x 0.3 x10-9 x Sin 8.80 m 1

C.O. Qn. (5)

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In Beryllium crystal the layers of atoms are being stacked in a pattern of ABA BAB --- type of rrangement. a) Name the close packed structure. b) Calculate the number of tetraderal and octahedral voids present in 0.5 mol of Be crystal. [3 scores; 5 minutes] s_dn-enbw {In-en B--fpsS ]mfn-I ABABAB --- Xcw {Iao-I-c-W-n-em-Wv. a) Cu {Iao-I-c-W-nse tmkv ]mbvvSv LS-\-bpsS t]sc-gp-Xp-I. b) 0.5 tam s_dn-enbw {In-en AS-n-bn-cn-p s{S{Sm-ln-{U thmbvUp-I-fp-sSbpw HIvSm-ln-{U thmbvUp-I-fp-sSbpw Fw IW-m-p-I. [3 kvtIm; 5 an\nv] Scoring Key
Scoring Indicators Stage Score Total Time Score (Minutes)

a) b)

h.c.p No. of Be atoms in 0.5 mol crystal = 0.5 6.02 1023 No. of octahedral voids = 0.5 6.02 1023 No. of tetraderal voids = 2 0.5 6.02 1023

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Qn. (6)

Imkyw ^vfqssd-Uns ^vfqssd-v LS-\-bn, Ca2+ Atbm-Wp-I Iyp_nIv tmkv ]mn nepw F Atbm-Wp-I Fm sS{Sm-ln{U thmbvUnepw nXn sNp-p. a) CXp-]-tbm-Knv Na2O bpsS Bn ^vfqssdv LS-\-bnse Im-tbm-Wp-I-fp-sSbpw B\tbm-Wp-I-fp-Sbpw {Iao-I-cWw hy-am-p-I. b) ^vfqssdv, Bn-^vfq-ssdv LS-\Ifnse tIm-HmUn-t\-j A\p-]mXw Xmc-Xayw sNpI. - -

In flouride structure of CaF2, Ca2+ ions are in cubic close packing and F ions are occupied in all tetrahedral voids. a) Give the arrangement of cations and anions in antifluorite structure of Na2O. b) Compare the coordination ratios of fluorite and antifluorte structures. [3 scores; 5 minutes]

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C.O.

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[3 kvtIm; 5 an\nv] Scoring Key

Scoring Indicators Stage Score Total Time Score (Minutes)

a) b) C.O.

O2- ions in ccp Na+ ions - in tetraderal voids 8: 4 (fluorite) 4 : 8 (antifluorite) :9

Qn. (7) Ionic radii of K+ and Br ions are 133 pm and 195 pm respectively. a) Calclate the radius ratio of KBr. b) Predict the co-ordination number and structure type of KBr. c) Calculate the density of KBr if its molar mass is 119. [6 scores; 10 minutes] s]mmkyw Atbm-Wn-sbpw t{_mssaUv Atbm-Wn-tbpw Bc- bYm-{Iaw 133 pm Dw,
195 pm Dw BWv.

a) b) a)

KBr s tdUn-bkv A\p-]mXw IW-m-p-I. CXp-]-tbm-Knv KBr s tImUn-t\-j \cpw LS-\m-co-Xnbpw Is-p-I. KBr s Xm-{Xm-`cw 119 Bbm {In km{X \nW-bn-p-I. [6 kvtIm; 10 an\nv] Scoring Key

b)

Coordination number : 6 Structure type : Rock salt.

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a)

rk+ rBr-

c) C.O.

Zm 4 119 density = N a 3 = 6.02 1023 (656 1010 )3 g/cm3 o

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1 2 3 2 2

Scoring Indicators

Stage Score

Total Time Score (Minutes)

10

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Qn. (8)

Defects are common in crystals. a) Compare Schottky and Frenkel defects b) When pure NaCl crystal is heated in an atmosphere of sodium vapours it turns yellow. Account for this observation. [4 scores; 8 minutes] {In-en {Iao-I-cW A]m-I-X-I (Un^-IvSp-I) km[m-c-W-am-Wv. a) tjmSvIn Un^vIvSpw s{^ Un^IvSpw Xmc-Xayw sNp-I. b) ip-amb NaCl {In-ens\ tkmUnbw th-dns kmn-y-n NqSm-p-tm AXv a-\n-d-am-Ipp. Cu \nco--W-n\v Imc-W-sa-gp-Xp-I. [4 kvtIm; 8 an\nv] Scoring Key
Scoring Indicators Stage Score Total Time Score (Minutes)

a) b)

Comparison giving any two differences (1 2) Explnation indicating formation of F centres.

Unit : 3. IONIC EQUILIBRIUM C.O. Qn. (1) H2O and HCO3 are amphoteric in nature. a) b) Give the conjugate acid and conjugate base of each species. Establish the amphoteric nature of H2O with suitable examples. (reaction only) [4 score; 6 minutes]
H2O, HCO3 Ch D`-b-KpW (amphoteric) kz`m-h-ap--h-bm-Wv.

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a) b)

Ch Hmtcm-n-sbpw tImPq-tKv BknUpw tImPp-tKv t_kpw Fgp-Xp-I. Pe-ns D`-b-KpWw DZm-l-c-W-k-lnXw m]n-p-I. [4 kvtIm; 6 an\nv]

Scoring Key
Scoring Indicators
+ 1

.in ks
1 1

Stage Score

Total Time Score (Minutes)

(a)

H2O - conjugate acid H3 O , conjugate base OH

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acid

base

C.O. Qn. (2)

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Student I added NH4Cl followed by NH4OH and student II added NH4OH followed by NH4Cl for the analysis of group III cations. a) b) Predict the observation of each student. Give reasons for difference in observation in any. In the systematic analysis of group III cations what is the role of NH4Cl. [3 score; 6 minutes] em_v hp-ambn _-s-v, A[y-]-I cv Ipn-Iv knv kmv, A\m-enkv \S-pXn\v -thn \evIn. Cu kmn-s, aqmw {Kqv Im-tbm \nW-b-L--n, ehW-emb-\n-bn-tev Ipn I NH4Cl Hgn--tijw NH4OH Dw, Ipn II NH4OH Hgn--tijw NH4Cl Dw tNp-I-bp-m-bn. a) b) Hmtcm Ipnpw e`n-p \nco-Ww Fgp-Xp-I. \nco--W-n hyXym-k-ap-s-n ImcWw hy-am-p-I. {Kqv III Im-tbm-Wns \nW-b -L--n NH4Cl tNp--Xns HuNn-Xy-sav?[3 kvtIm; 6 an\nv]

In a lab work,a teacher has given zinc salt solution for systematic analysis to 2 students

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HCl + H2O

H3O+ + Cl-

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(b)

HC + NH3 O H 2O

+ NH 4 + OH

HCO - conjugate acid H2CO3, conjugate base CO32-

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Scoring Key
Scoring Indicators Stage Score Total Time Score (Minutes)

(a)

(b) C.O.

Student I does not get ppt. in group III beacuse he conducted the experiment systematically. Student II gets precipitate. So he reported it as group III cation. (wrongly) NH4Cl suppresses the ionisation of NH4OH (common ion effect) or explanation based on solubility product. : 16

1 1 2 6

Qn. (3) A group of students are carrying out a project work on the estimation of oxalic acid in guva fruit using NaOH solution. A discussion is going on the selection of suitbale indicator. If you are one of the memebrs of the group, what would be your suggestion. ? Support your answer. Hcp t{]mPIvSv hns `mK-ambn t]c--bnse HmIvk-te-ns KmV-X, tkmUnbw sslt{UmIvsskUv emb\n D]-tbm-Knv \nW-bn-p--Xn-\v, D]-tbm-Kn--s-tS CUn-t- (kq-N-Iw) GsX N-bn \n `mK-`m-m-hp-I-bm-sW-n GXv CUn-t- \nt-inpw. Dcw km[q-I-cn-p-I. [3 kvtIm; 5 an\nv] Scoring Key

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(a) (b)

Phenolphthalein Strong base weak acid - indicator selected should be phenolphthalein because its colour change interval is 8.3 - 10 : 18

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Scoring Indicators

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[3 score; 5 minutes]

Stage Score

Total Time Score (Minutes)

C.O. Qn. (3)

You are provided with the following reagents in a lab. (a) NH4Cl (b) NH4OH (c) NaOH (d) CH3COOH (e) CH3COONa (f) NaCl. (i) Select the suitbale reagents for preparing a basic buffer and an acidic buffer. (ii) To a basic buffer solution 3 drops of 0.1 M HCl solution is added. Still its pH remains same. Account for the observation. [3 score; 5 minutes] ]co--W-im-e-bn Xmsg--d-bp cmk-h-kvXp- e`y-am-Wv. (a) NH4Cl (b) NH4OH (c) NaOH (d) CH3COOH (e) CH3COONa (f) NaCl. (i) Hcp t_kn-kv_-^-dpw Hcp Akn-UnIv _^dpw Xbm-dm-p--Xn-\m-h-iy-amb cmk-h-kvXpsf Xnc-s-Sp-pI. (ii) Hcp t_knIv _^ emb-\n-bn 3 Xpn 0.1 tamfm sslt{Um-tm-dnIv BknUv emb\n Hgn-npw pH hyXn-bm\w ImWp-n-. Cu \nco-Ww hni-I-e\w sNp-I. [3 kvtIm; 5 an\nv]

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