AT 202 Test One Study Guide 1.

Know the various voltages as they relate to primary and secondary battery cells. Primary cell batteries cannot be recharged while secondary batteries can. Most aircraft batteries are 24-volt batteries. (some 12 volts) *about 2 volts a cell. 2. What are the major differences in comparing lead-acid batteries and Ni-Cad batteries? The difference is the type of electrolyte used in the battery. 3. Why do batteries fail prematurely and what factors affect battery life? - Abuse - heat -overload - overcharge 4. What do the terms amp-hour, deep cycle, load test, etc. indicate? Amp-hour= the measure of a batterys capacity-how long it will last. Deep cycle= completely discharge and recharge Load test= test the load of a battery- tells if the battery is good or not 5. be able to identify from a matching list common electrical schematic symbols 6. Know the inherent differences of alternators and generators generator has a rotating armature and stationary brushes. Alternator- armature is fixed and the brushes rotate. Both produce AC power and is rectified to DC. 7. What is phase and how does it relate to aircraft alternators? A phase is the top of the sine curve. When multiple phases are used, a smoother line is made. 8. What controls the frequency of the produced power during alternator operation?

Number of poles and speed/ how fast it moves. 9. How do alternators and generators differ in the production and rectification of power they produce? 10. What type of diodes are in the alternator unit and the alternator voltage regulator? One-way Silicone diodes 11. Why does the generator have a coming in speed? A generator will not produce much power at idle. Higher speeds are needed to start the power. Will not produce the output voltage to start the battery. 12. Alternators must always be connected to a load during operation? YESS!! There is no reason to produce power if there is no where to put it. 13. How are the generators wound and what style winding is used in aircraft generators shunt winding 14. What purpose does the commutator in the generator and the diodes in the alternator serve? A commutator converts/rectifies AC to DC current/voltage and diodes limit current flow to one direction. 15. How is the output current controlled in both the alternator and generator? By controlling the strength of the electromagnetic field. 16. Why do generators produce power immediately upon rotation and alternators do not? In order to produce power in an alternator you must put power in first. Generators have residual power in them already. 17. What are the three components of the left hand rule for generators? Thumb- direction of force Index- magnetic field Middle- direction of current 18. What are the three units of the generator voltage regulator? Voltage regulator, current limiter, reverse current cut-out. 19. What unit of the generator voltage regulator is not needed in the alternator system?

You do not need a reverse current cut-out. 20. Why and how do we seat generator brushes? We seat carbon generator brushes with sandpaper 21. What information is provided on the generator data plate? A. Voltage/current output B. Serial # C. Model # 22. How do they work and why do manufacturers install starter-generators? To start the engine. Once the engine is running, the generator turns off. 23. Why do we have an electric distribution bus system on aircraft? It is the power source for everything on the aircraft. 24. What feature is incorporated in modern aircraft systems that will react to alternator failure? Load shedding. 25. Do aircraft engines require external electrical power to operate in flight? NOOO!!!!! 26. What gauges allow the pilot to have at least some indication of electrical system load? voltmeter or ammeter (load meter) 27. Why does the aircraft need a hot battery bus? There are things that need power available at all times ex. Fire protection 28. The wire, terminals, splices and electrical components of aircraft system must be of what quality? What standard is used? THE BEST QUALITY!!!!! (you dont go to ace hardware to get aircraft bolts) MSAN or MS standard. TSO-C22 military standard 29. What steps would be taken in order to troubleshoot an aircraft electrical system? Get a schematic diagram

30. What is meant by single wire and double wire electrical systems and why use each? Single wire will use the aircraft to return power(conductive aircraft) Double wire (non-conductive aircraft) needs a second wire to return power. 31. How are avionics and delicate instruments protected from voltage spikes?

32. What precautions must the tech take to protect computer systems during maintenance? Ground yourself to the airplane 33. What do the terms voltage, amperage, current, resistance mean as they relate to electrical systems? Voltage is the force that pushes the electrons Amperage/current is the flow Resistance is the load. 34. What is the measure of the flow of electrons? Ammerage- coulombs 35. What three items must be present to cause electromagnetic induction? 1. a conductor 2. the magnetic field 3. motion between the magnetic field and conductor 36. What type of wire is used for aircraft electrical circuits? Soldered wire 37. Know that wire circular mils increase as the number designations decrease thicker wire=smaller number 38. Most turbine powered aircraft use what type of starter? Starter generators are used. 39. Know what SPST, SPDT, in relation to aircraft switches Generator?

SPST- single pole, single throw- one input and one output. SPDT- Single pole, double throw- one input and two outputs 40 What is a diode? The main building block of semi conductors Limit current flow to one direction. 41. What are valence electrons and why is the number important in conduction? The electrons in the outermost shell of the atom. If we have too many it will become an insulator. You want fewer valence electrons. 42. What do the prefix kilo, mega, mille, and micro denote? Kilo- 10^3 Mega- 10^6 Milli- 10^-3 Micro- 10^-6 43. Know that voltage, EMF, potential is the force causing electron movement

44. What factors determine the strength of an electromagnet? The number of turns (wraps) of the coil. 45. What factors determine the voltage produced by a primary cell? The size and material of the cell. 46. Can voltage exist in a circuit without current? YES!!!!! 47. What is an inverter? Inverter converts DC to AC 48. What type of generators and generator drives are used on the Boeing 727,737,747, 757,767,777,787 CSD, IDG, variable speed/variable frequency

49. What is the value of KVA? Volt amps- the measure of power? 50. What is the purpose of the RAT used on aircraft? Used for emergency operation when everything else fails.