Linux Basic Commands

01/02/2011

< IS-Hi-Tech1.4-Group4> <Shwetha.Kunnur> Shwetha.kunnur@tcs.com

TCS Public

Linux Basic Commands

alias unalias apropos man cal date dc who whoami logname passwd logout clear exit hostname tty uname dir dircolors dirname dirs echo history id groups eval exec expand export expr hash local locate look

Create an alias Remove an alias Search Help manual pages (man -k) Help manual Display a calendar Display or change the date & time Desk Calculator Print all usernames currently logged in Print the current user id and name Print current login name Modify a user password Exit a login shell Clear terminal screen Exit the shell Print or set system name Print filename of terminal on stdin Print system information Briefly list directory contents Colour setup for `ls' Convert a full pathname to just a path Display list of remembered directories Display message on screen Command History Print user and group id's Print group names a user is in Evaluate several commands/arguments Execute a command Convert tabs to spaces Set an environment variable Evaluate expressions Remember the full pathname of a name argument Create variables Find files Display lines beginning with a given string

TCS Public

Linux basic Commands

sleep time times unexpand

Delay for a specified time Measure Program running time User and system times Convert spaces to tabs

File manipulation Commands: cat touch more less head tail tee uniq sed vi join split paste cut tr sort fold cd pwd mkdir ls lsof cp mv rcp scp rm rmdir Display the contents of a file Creates empty file. This can also be used to change the time stamp of a file Display output one screen at a time Display output one screen at a time Output the first part of file(s) Output the last part of file(s) Redirect output to multiple files Uniquify files Stream Editor Text Editor Join lines on a common field Split a file into fixed-size pieces Merge lines of files Divide a file into several parts Translate, squeeze, and/or delete characters sorting the files and directories in ascending or descending order Wrap text to fit a specified width. Change Directory Prints current working directory Create new folder(s) List information about file(s) List open files Copy one or more files to another location Move or rename files or directories Copy files between two machines Secure copy (remote file copy) Delete files and directories Delete only empty directory

Internal Use

Linux basic Commands

cmp Compare two files comm Compare two sorted files line by line diff Display the differences between two files sdiff Merge two files interactively wc Print byte, word, and line counts find Search for files that meet a desired criteria whereis Report all known instances of a command which Locate a program file in the user's path. ln Make links between files pathchk Check file name portability egrep/grep Search file(s) for lines that match an extended expression fgrep Search file(s) for lines that match a fixed string grep Search file(s) for lines that match a given pattern gzip Compress or decompress named file(s) awk Find and Replace text, database, etc cksum Print CRC checksum and byte counts sum Print a checksum for a file csplit Split a file into context-determined pieces enable Enable and disable builtin shell commands env Environment variables fmt Reformat paragraph text mtools Manipulate MS-DOS files

File Permission Commands

chmod chgrp chroot setfacl getfacl umask

Change access permissions chown Change file owner and group Change group ownership Run a command with a different root directory Sets file access control list Displays file access control list Users file creation mask

Internal Use

Linux basic Commands

File System and Disk Management Commands

cfdisk df

Partition table manipulator for Linux Display free disk space eject Eject removable media file Determine file type fdformat Low-level format a floppy disk format Format disks or tapes fdisk Partition table manipulator for Linux mkfs Create filesystem mkisofs Create an hybrid ISO9660/JOLIET/HFS filesystem mknod Make block or character special files fsck File system consistency check and repair mount Mount a file system umount Unmount a device quota Display disk usage and limits quotacheck Scan a file system for disk usage quotactl Set disk quotas Scheduling Commands cron crontab at atq Daemon to execute scheduled commands Schedule a command to run at a later time Schedule a command to run once at a later time Lists the scheduled jobs

Process Management Commands kill nice ps top Stop a process from running Set the priority of a command or job Process status List processes running on the system

Internal Use

Linux basic Commands

Backup and Restore Commands

dd ddrescue tar cpio

Data Data Tape Copy

Dump - Convert and copy a file recovery tool ARchiver files to and from archives

Printing Commands lpc lpr lprint lprintd lprintq lprm pr printcap printenv printf Line printer control program Off line print Print a file Abort a print job List the print queue Remove jobs from the print queue Prepare files for printing Printer capability database Print environment variables Format and print data

System Administration Commands

su free uname set unset useradd usermod users ulimit shutdown

Substitute user identity Display memory usage Print system information Manipulate shell variables and functions Remove variable or function names Create new user account Modify user account List users currently logged in Limit user resources Shutdown or restart linux

Network Administration Commands dig ethtool ifconfig netstat nslookup ping DNS lookup Display or changes Ethernet card settings Configure a network interface Networking information Query Internet name servers interactively Test a network connection

Internal Use

Linux basic Commands

sftp Wget

Secure File Transfer Program Retrieve web pages or files via HTTP, HTTPS or FTP traceroute Trace Route to Host ftp File Transfer Protocol ssh Secure Shell client (remote login program)

Internal Use