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Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study President Carlos P. Romulo once quoted. Print is a powerful instrument in molding society. If we have to trace back into our own national history we will find out how the early Filipino newspapers such as the La Solidaridad and Kalayaan under the editorship of Lopez Jaena revealed the cruelty of barbaric Spaniards as they colonized our country. These nationalistic newspapers lamented the awfully wretched conditions of the Philippines and totally exhorted the Filipinos to be patriotic and to fight the injustices of the Spanish authorities in the Philippines. These notable works of the early Filipino journalistsawaken the minds of the Filipinos to be reunited and fight for their freedom against the foreign invaders. Indeed, by simply putting out the various happenings in our society in just a sheet of paper and spread it to the people it will surely bring big changes in their lives. It has the power to influence people especially those who have deep concern to the community where they belong. And thats the prime duty of journalistic writing. It is also the purveyor of truth and nothing but the truth. It is therefore necessary that journalist and the aspiring journalist will maintain its loyalty to TRUTH.

As time passes by, the students interest in writing has been deteriorated because of some factors that affect their ability to write. But it is more upsetting when students are no longer conscious in the environment where most of their daily activities are taking place-their academic community. To where they acquire the best subject of their writings when they dont even bother to awaken their unconscious minds and passive senses about the current events in school as well as in their community? Writing is a powerful instrument to voice out the sentiments of students concerning the management of school, the condition of their learning environment, the treatment of the instructors towards them and the various activities of students inside and outside the school campus to name a few. To learn how to keep in touch about the current issues of the community is one main concern why journalistic writingis being taught in school. It is a must then for a huge institution like PSU Lingayen Campus to produce and train students that have passion for writing to engage them in journalism. This form of writing serve as a chief purveyor of information about the internal and external transactions of school with reliable and accurate facts put in a meaningful context. It also offers a voice to the voiceless concern people about things that need to reform and improve in the university. Venturing into this kind of endeavor will also develop the credibility of the students as well as to fortify the accuracy of their works in weighing facts and evidences. Journalistic writing comprises a various area of subject that maybe talk about current issues, social relevance, sports, entertainment and recreations, travelogue, as well as literature. It depends on which area does a certain student shows of great interest.

It is likewise necessary that we have to give serious attention regarding this matter by determining and analyzing the various factors that may affect the journalistic writing performance of the students.

Statement of the problem This study aims to determine on how to hone the journalistic writing skills of IIBSE English at PSU Lingayen campus during the school year 2012-2013. Specifically, it seeks to answer the following questions: 1. What are the attributes of the respondents in terms of: a. Age b. Interest c. Experiences in journalism d. Existence of School publication e. Educational attainment of parents f. Dominant language use g. Media exposure 2. What is the level of work performance of the Sophomore B.S.Ed. English student in the following demands in journalism?

a. Skill b. Intelligence c. integrity 3. Is there any significant relationship between the respondents attributes in honing their journalistic writing skills?

Research Hypothesis There is no significant relationship between the attributes of Second Year BSE English student in honing their journalistic writing skill. Significance of the Study To echo the purpose of this study, the results will be of a great importance to the following: Second Year BSE English students of S.Y. 2012-2013. This study is of a great cost to the second year BSE English student (the subject of this study) so that they become aware of their responsibilities not only to their desire to teach English subject but also to make their self as vehicle in disseminating credible and reliable information to their fellow students by means of honing their journalistic writing skills. Teachers. The findings of this study will be of a great importance for our teachers to be familiar with the difficulties encountered by students in journalism and thus nourishing them with satisfactory knowledge and skills to level-up their expertise. In

addendum, they will be aware of what area in journalism does a certain student fit in (maybe in news, feature, editorial, copy reading, literary, sports, etc.) Staff and members of school paper of PSU Lingayen campus. This will serve as the guide and basis of the members and staff of school publication of PSU Lingayen campus on how they will improve the potentials of an aspiring student that wish to be part of their organization. School Administrators. With the sound basis of this study the school administrator shall be given with the proposal to organize more trainings, seminars and workshop on campus journalism to open door of opportunities in mending the skills of students in journalism. Other Researchers. This study will somehow help other researchers most especially when conducting a research with this studys similar nature. The information enshrined here will give them a deeper understanding on how journalistic writing became indispensable in the lives of the student, how to acquire better and refine journalistic writing performance as well as its effect in enhancing their sensitivities concerning the prevailing issues and current events in the university. To sum up, the essence of this study is of wide perspective. From the pebble-like considerations up to the most valued importance; this study enunciates the impact of honing the potentials of II-BSE English in journalistic writing; the affirmation of truth that stating the different undertakings of school through journalistic writing is a great aid in transforming the school into a more responsive institution notable of its promotion for the general welfare of the students.

Scope and Delimitation of the study This studys deep concern is to be familiarized with the different demands in journalism that will determine the degree of work performance of the II-BSE English during the academic year 2012-2013 in honing their journalistic writing skills. The subject of the study is the students of second year BSE English who are officially enrolled t at PSU Lingayen Campus during the second semester of the school year 2012-2013.

Definition of Terms Journalistic Writing. This refers to the composition of phrases or sentences to report and disseminate factualinformation about the daily happenings in life by keeping every detail with proportion and not leaving out even a single part to make a reliable record of evidence. Honing.To make more effective or improve ones skills. Experiences in Journalism .A general concept comprises knowledge or skill gained through involvement or exposure in journalism Age.This refers to the maturity of minds in dealing with certain issues. Existenceof School publication. It is the presence of school publication run by students of a university, high school ,middle school, or other school. These papers traditionally cover local and primarily school or university news.

Educational Attainment.. It refers to the level of learning and training in an institution obtained by parents of the respondent. Interest. This refers to desire to learn in journalistic writing. DominantLanguage.The vocal sounds or the written symbols that often used by the respondents in communicating and expressing their thoughts. Media Exposure.In this study, it is refers to the respondents exposure or keeping in touch with various media sources such as reading materials, TV programs, radio programs and internet. Skills.In this study, it refers to how a journalist constructshis writings properly as well as his style in scribbling his thoughts. Intelligence. Being sensible enough to know the purpose of his writing and the people who are greatly affected Integrity.Being who you are whatever you do and wherever you go.

Chapter 2 Review of Related Literature and Studies This chapter presents the review of related literature and review on related studies which will guide the researchers in the conduct of the study.

Related Literature "They are a dying breed." Ugland used this phrase to describe journalists. He said an increasing number of students are choosing to enter other communicationsrelated fields like advertising and public relations because they are more profitable professions. The trends of blogging and online news sources are also taking potential jobs away from journalists because many people do not get their information from traditional sources like newspapers anymore. This leads potential journalism majors to believe that they will not have jobs upon graduation, and as a result, Ugland said there has been a "brain drain away from journalism schools and toward programs like medicine and law "Documents are the backbone of great reporting," saidFrank LoMonte, executive director of the Student Press Law Center.Documents cannot forget. Documents do not try to mislead, and can offer context and value in an alternative way to interviews and Google searches. The wealth of information now available on the Internet does not replace the value of a records request. Searching for records online can be useful, but can become

daunting or result in inaccurate findings. LoMonte said there is a perception that the Web provides unlimited information so there is no need for government records anymore. He stressed the importance of tracing information back to the right source.

Roving reporter Nisalooks at some of the qualities you should develop if you want to be a good journalist. Qualities of a Good Journalist 1. Be inquisitive. A good journalist is one who is nosey .A good journalist is one who is curious and burns with the desire to know what is going on in the world. 2. Be a skeptic. A good journalist is one who doesn't take things on face value. Press releases or information given to them from people pushing for a certain agenda is only a starting point for a good journalist. Good journalists question sources and are always prepared to dig around until they get facts they are satisfied with. 3. Be determined. A journalist knows the difficulty in finding information, especially when certain people won't agree to be interviewed. Nevertheless, they are determined to get over the toughest hurdle and bring a difficult story out into the open. What may start off seeming to be a simple news story can require hard work and determination. 4. Have a good grasp of general knowledge. A good journalist is one who knows something about everything. They are well-informed news junkies especially in the area of politics, current affairs and law. There are plenty of ways to improve your general

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knowledge, from watching TV quiz shows and doing the newspaper quizzes to online searches, playing board games or even using your local or school library to access things like atlases, dictionaries and encyclopedias. 5. Be trustworthy..When people trust you enough to give you confidential or private information, it is your duty as a journalist to not make that information publicly available. The best journalist is one who has strong ethical and moral codes of conduct that help them determine what information to write and what to leave out. 6. Develop a passion for accuracy.A good journalist is one who double- and even triple-checks the spelling of names and gives the correct details of the events that took place. Journalists need to have an eye for detail and not be afraid to ask questions again and again to ensure accuracy. 7. Be motivated and enthusiastic. A good journalist is one who does not give up easily and one who has thick skin. There will be times when a journalist won't be able to find interesting stories to write up, or people who are willing to talk to them. Regardless, a good journalist maintains a high level of motivation whatever the situation may be. 8. Develop good writing skills. Wherever a journalist may work, whether in print, radio, TV or online, they have to write. Depending on the time constraints, a good journalist is one who writes articulately, succinctly and quickly in an interesting and relevant way that appeals to readers. 9. Be responsible and fair.A good journalist is one who is able to take personal responsibility for what they write. They must keep in mind that there will be people who

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will be upset because they disagree with the angle of the story or because they wanted their story to be given more importance. Either way, a journalist must be fair all the time and maintain a level of objectivity in what they report. 10. Be competitive.It is difficult to get a job in mainstream media as a journalist. The industry is highly competitive and only few get selected. Nevertheless, there are many other opportunities for journalists as long as they are determined, competitive and have the skills noted above. Just make sure you get your foot in the media door.. According to Ramirez, the demands of the noblest profession are 1) skill, 2) intelligence and 3) integrity. Skill involves the mechanics, and ability to write correctly. Good grammar and style are the sum of journalistic skill. A good journalist must be able to say something and make sense. He knows the purpose of his writing. Thats what makes him intelligent. Integrity is concerned with honesty of motives, with capacity for truthfulness and commitment to ideas. Writing is mostly an art of persuasion, getting people to accept and believe what you write. Related Studies a.) Foreign studies: American Newspaper Publisher Association (2004), study is all about the readership in America. They found out that every day, more people get news from newspaper than any other medium like television, radio, etc. Also, more professional are more likely to rely on newspaper for information.

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Y2M: Youth Media Marketing Network (2008), a Boston Based Company, provide content management for 450 College Newspaper. The study of Y2M reveals that 90 percent of the respondents said they read campus paper for news, 59 percent read for opinions and commentary and 41 percent for entertainment. A study conducted by Alloy Media Marketing (2005), announce the result of readership survey of more than 1,200 college students from 550 Universities across 50 states. The study shows that majority of the students read News (65 percent) followed by sports(59 Percent) Dupont (2000)study entitled Exploring the relationship Between Media Source and Current Events Knowledge. In this study, he concluded that newspaper is reckoned to be the best source of information. Conclusions such as these had been probably based on the news contents that provide to the people. b.) Local Studies With consideration for the study in honing ones journalistic writing skills, the study of Cruz(2003) regarding the history and development of journalism in secondary schools in Manila, has pertinent findings related to how the student publication works, and is affected by certain factors. In his study, he sought to determine the events pertaining to the establishment, growth and development of paper publications in order to find out the specific problems being met by the journalism teacher-advisers and the student-writers in publishing the materials. He made use of the historical method in narrating the development of campus journalism in the schools where publications were used as the materials of his study.

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His study revealed that the problems encountered by the school publications were: the dearth of journalistic inclinations among students; the slim chance by which school papers are to be printed or published; the students poor grasp of the English language; the ignorance of the journalistic style in writing; and the papers low readability score. The researcher suggested solutions to these problems. He proposed that there should be more school paper clinics, more in service trainings and and seminars, professional growth and participation in campus paper competitions.. Balbido (2000) made a survey on the effects of the mass media (radio and newspaper) to enlighten Boholano community in the following aspects: education, social, moral, economic, and culture. He found that newspapers simply refresh the community in different aspects of education that have been already disclosed by a good number of professionals. While most of the students realized that newspapers minimize illiteracy among the people, the professional believed that newspapers bring about good effect of the social in the community, keep abreast the community on the changes of time, and carry means to attack the common problems faced by the community is when they present bright ideas of the countrys leading economists and industrials. Manaois (2000) came out with the inventory of the common errors or difficulties of the student writers. While she noted that most student writers do encounter writing difficulties, some have shown potential skills and confidence. Thus, she recommended further research using heterogeneous group and the teaching of high school journalism with emphasis on development orientation.

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Blanco (2005) undertook a study in the University of the Philippines to find out what language or languages students use in their daily interaction with various people in different situation. His respondents were 355 randomly selected graduate students and 265 undergraduate students of the college of business administration and 606 graduate and undergraduate students of the college of education. With the use of the questionnaire as the main data gathering instrument, the following were the findings. 1. English is predominantly used as the medium of communication in government, education, business and religion. 2. Filipino is used in informal, familiar, and intimate situations and language mixing is resorted to in daily conversations making use of Filipino structures with English and Spanish contents.

Synthesis of the Reviewed Literature and Studies The various studies used here are contributors to the fund of knowledge gathered from remnants to produce a woven statement in honing the journalistic writing skills of the second year BSE English. The study of American Newspaper Publishers Association (2004), Y2M: YouthMedia Marketing (2005), Alloy Media Marketing(2005) and Dupont (2000) dealt with the perception on the foreign newspapers and on the readers interest. These studies have connection to the present research because one factor that this study considers in honing the journalistic skills of second year BSEEnglish is to be expose in various media sources such as readingnewspapers. This will help them a lot to be

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informedabout current ideas, events and conflicts that will arouse their interest and curiosity in their community. The information gained in reading newspaper will also provide them the best subject in fortifying their journalistic writing skills. Unlike the study of Cruz(2003) and Manaois(2000) that tackled the difficulties experienced by the student journalist, this study encompasses on how to maximize the potentials of Second year BSE English in journalistic writing. The study of Balbido(2000) that gave importance to awareness in mass media and the research conducted by Blanco(2005) that determined the language frequently used by students in communicating with various people these factors are consolidated in this study for it undeniably play a very vital role in honing the journalistic writing skills of the respondents.

The present study centered on the demands of journalism that will determine the level of the work performance of the second year BSE English in honing theirjournalistic writing skills. Conceptual framework This research will determine the level of the performance of the respondents in the demands of journalism that will affect in honing their

journalistic writing skills.. Moreover, this research work isconceptualized using the dependent and independent variables. The independent variables includes the characteristics of

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respondents in terms of age, interest, experiences in journalism, existence of school publications, educational attainment of the parents, dominant language used, and media exposure.On the other hand, dependent variables are the journalistic writing skills of the second year B.S.E. English. It is illustrated below that the two components of this study are interconnected and interrelated.

The line connecting the components clearly reveals their integral relationship with each other.

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Research Paradigm Independent Variable Attributes of the respondents in Dependent Variable

honing theirjournalistic writing skills (A.Y.2012-2013) a.age b. interest

__

The journalistic writing skills of sophomore BSE English

c. experiences in journalism d. existence of school publication e. educational attainment of parents f. dominant language use g. media exposure

Figure 1. Paradigm The paradigm shows the interrelationship of the two components. The independent variable which is the attributes of the respondents connected with the dependent variable which is the journalistic writing skills of the students.

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Chapter 3 METHODOLOGY This chapter will present the methods and procedures that will be undertaken in the conduct of the study. It includes the discussion of the research design, research subjects, data gathering instrument, data gathering procedure and statistical treatment of data. Research Design This study will use the descriptive method of research. This method is more likely to be used in a research that requires the description of the different demands in journalism such as skill, intelligence and integrity that will trace the level of work performance of the sophomore BSE English in honing their journalistic writing skills. Research Subjects The subjects of this study will be the forty(40) Sophomore BSE English who were officially enrolled during the second semester for the S.Y. 2012-2013 at the Pangasinan State University, Lingayen Campus. The researcher will use the random sampling technique on selecting the respondents. Data Gathering Instrument The main data gathering instruments to be used in this study is a survey questionnaire constructed by the researchers, subjected to critical analysis by experts for validation.This consists of items that will measure the performance of the respondents in honing their journalistic writing skills.

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Data Gathering Procedure The researchers will ask permission from theDean and the program adviser of the respondents before they will administer the survey questionnaire. The researchers will gather the data personally from the respondents. After collecting it, the researchers will going to interpret and tabulate the data. Statistical Treatment of Data In order to analyze and interpret the gathered data in the course of the study, the following statistical techniques and methods will be used: To answer the sub-problem number one which focuses on the attributes of the respondents in terms of age, interest, experiences in journalism, existence of school publications, educational attainment of parents, dominant language use and media exposure, percentage technique will be used. The formula is as follows:

F P= ________x 100 N Where: P= Percentage F= Frequency N= Number of respondents

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To answer sub problem number two which focuses to the level of work performance of the Second Year BSE English inclined with the demands in journalism, weighted mean will be used. The formula is as follows:

WM= (F5x5) (F4x4)+(F3x3)+(F2x2)+(F1x1) N Where: WM= Weighted Mean F5= number of respondents who answered Outstanding F4= number of respondents who answered Very Good F3=number of respondents who answered Good F2=number of respondents who answered Fair F1= number of respondents who answered Poor

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Bibliography A. Books Miclat, Eusebio F. Guide in Thesis Writing Ramirez, Jaime B.Philippine Journalism Book

B. Unpublished Theses

Balbido, Vicente T. (2000) Mass Media (Radio and Newspapers): Its Effect to the Enlightened Boholano Community. (Unpublished Masters Thesis, University of Bohol, Tagbiliran City) Blanco, Alma.(2005) Bilingualism Among Tertiary Students in Metro Manila.(M.A. Thesis University of the Philippines) Cruz, Ceciliano Jose B. (March 2003) The History and Development of Journalism in the City Schools of Manila. (Unpublished Masters Thesis, University of the Philippines, Los Banos, Laguna) Manaois, LedivicaCarino. (2000) Writing Difficulties of Student Journalist at the Project 6 high School and Implication for the Improvement of Teaching (Unpublished Masters Thesis, University of the Philippines, Los Banos Laguna)

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C. Internet

Qualities of Good Journalist ,http://www.cfkeep.org/html/stitch .php?s= 2541539541 187&id=85780295623262 The history ofJournalismhttp://www.youthcentra l.vic.gov.au/ViewPage.action?&repo sitoryName=&siteNodeId=1993&CurrentFolderID=1966&ItemID=13965#.URnqnB03va Enhancing your Writing Skillshttp://www.splc.org/news/report_detail.asp?id=1552&edition=2

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Appendix A Letter to the Dean Republic of the Philippines Pangasinan State University Lingayen Campus

Dr. Nelia C. Resultay Campus Dean PSU Lingayen Campus Lingayen Pangasinan Madam: In connection with our study, Honing the Journalistic Writing Skills of Second Year BSE English at PSU Lingayen Campus to comply with the subject requirement Introduction to Research, we have the honor to request the permission of your office to distribute questionnaire to the sophomore BSE English student. Your favorable action in this matter is highly appreciated.

Very truly yours, Romynecesito Jelina Molina Sheena P. Gamboa Melody Garcia

Noted: (Sgd) Fe S. Soriano, Ed. D.

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Appendix B Letter to the Respondents Program Adviser ____________________ Pangasinan State University Lingayen Campus Lingayen Pangasinan

Madam: We, the II-BSE English students are conducting a study entitled Honing the Journalistic Writing Skills of Second Year BSE English Students at PSU Lingayen Campus in compliance with the requirements of the subject Introduction to Educational Research. In line with this, may we request your permission to allow us in floating our survey questionnaire to the second year BSE English student. Granting our request is indeed a favorable merit.

Sincerely yours, (sgd) RomyNecesito (sgd) Jelina Molina (sgd) Sheena Gamboa (sgd) Melody Garcia

Noted:

(Sgd)Fe S. Soriano, Ed. D.

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Appendix C Letter to the Respondents

Pangasinan State University Lingayen campus Lingayen Pangasinan Dear Respondents, In partial requirements for the degree in Prof. Ed. 104 Introduction to Educational Research entitled Honing the Journalistic Writing Skills of the Second Year BSE English Student at PSU Lingayen Campus, the researchers would like to solicit your response through the survey questionnaire attached. Any information will be kept confidential. The researchers appreciate your favorable response. More power and God bless.

Respectfully yours, The Researchers

Noted: (sgd) Fe S. Soriano, Ed.D

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Appendix D (Survey Questionnaire) Personal Data of Respondents

Name (optional):____________________________ a. Age: 16-17 18-19 20-above b. Interest/Hobbies: writing drawing singing dancing others (pls. specify)_______

b. school publication:

d. dominant language use:

Do you have school publication during your: b.1 Elementary yes b.2 High School yes none none ` English Filipino Pangasinan Ilocano others(pls. specify)_______ b.3 college yes none

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e. educational attainment of parents Father Did not go to school Some years in elementary grade Elementary school graduate Some years in high school High school graduate Some years in college Vocational/ technical education College graduate M.A. graduate (Masters Degree) Ed. D/Ph. D or D.A. graduate Mother

f. Experiences in Journalism: (Put a check mark in all your involvement in journalism) Being a member of a school publication Participated various seminars and trainings in campus journalism Joined various contest that are inclined in journalistic writing Others (please specify)_________________________

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g. Media exposure g.1What reading materials do you have at home aside from your school textbook? Please number those materials you usually read. Magazine Encyclopedia Newspaper books comics others (please specify)______________

g.2Do you watch TV programs? Yes No

g.3Do you listen to radio program? Yes No

g.4Do you surf the internet? Yes No

II. These survey questionnaires were made to test the level of your work performance in terms of the following demands in journalism. Please put a check mark on the number of your choice. The scale below will serve as your guide.

5 4 3 2 1

Outstanding Very good Good Fair Poor

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a. Skill 5 4 3 2 I am very careful with my grammar in writing an article I have sufficient knowledge on how to make my article appealing to the reader I can write an article under pressure 1

b. Intelligence 5 4 3 2 1 I try my best to gather the current events in my community that will serve as my subject in writing an article I have to determine first my purpose before I write an article I also need to consider my audience in writing an article

c.Integrity 5 4 3 2 1 Im not bias in writing an article I always write reliable and factual information I always uphold the mission of a proficient journalist and that is to serve the mass

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CURRICULUM VITAE

PERSONAL DATA Name: Address: Birthday: Age: Sex: Civil Status: Religious Affiliation: Father: Mother: Jelina O. Molina Victoria Sual, Pangasinan August 6, 1994 18 Female Single Roman Catholic Mr. Jesus R. Molina Mrs. Falconerie Molina

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Tertiary:

Pangasinan State University, Lingayen Campus Alvear St. Lingayen, Pangasinan

Secondary:

Sual National High School Poblacion, Sual, Pangasinan

Primary:

Doa RaymundaVerzosa Elementary School Victoria, Sual, Pangasinan

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CURRICULUM VITAE

PERSONAL DATA Name: Address: Birthday: Age: Sex: Civil Status: Religious Affiliation: Father: Mother: Necesito, Romy B. Viga, Agno Pangasinan August 26, 1994 18 Male Single Roman Catholic Rolando Necesito Melinda Necesito

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Tertiary:

Pangasinan State University, Lingayen Campus Alvear St. Lingayen, Pangasinan

Secondary:

Great Plebeian College Don Reinoso St. Alaminos City Pangasinan

Primary:

Viga Elementary School Viga, Agno Pangasinan

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CURRICULUM VITAE

PERSONAL DATA Name: Address: Birthday: Age: Sex: Civil Status: Sheena P. Gamboa Laguit Padilla, Bugallon, Pangasinan October 5, 1994 18 Female Single

Religious Affiliation: Roman Catholic Father: Mother: Fernando A. Gamboa Marlyn P. Gamboa

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Tertiary:

Pangasinan State University, Lingayen Campus Alvear St. Lingayen, Pangasinan

Secondary:

Bugallon Integrated School Poblacion, Bugallon, Pangasinan

Primary:

Laguit, Padilla, Elementary School Laguit, Padilla, Bugallon, Pangasinan

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CURRICULUM VITAE

PERSONAL DATA Name: Address: Birthday: Age: Sex: Civil Status: Melody A. Garcia Liwa-Liwa,Bolinao, Pangasinan May 1,1995 17 Female Single

Religious Affiliation: Roman Catholic Father: Mother: RenyP. Garcia Evelyn A. Garcia

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Tertiary:

Pangasinan State University, Lingayen Campus Alvear St. Lingayen, Pangasinan

Secondary:

Arnedo National High School Arnedo, Bolinao, Pangasinan

Primary:

Liwa-Liwa Elementary School Liwa-LiwaBolinao, Pangasinan